Background Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops after food crops,especially in countries like India,where it’s grown extensively under rainfed conditions.Because of its usage in multiple industries,su...Background Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops after food crops,especially in countries like India,where it’s grown extensively under rainfed conditions.Because of its usage in multiple industries,such as textile,medicine,and automobile industries,it has greater commercial importance.The crop’s performance is greatly influenced by prevailing weather dynamics.As climate changes,assessing how weather changes affect crop performance is essential.Among various techniques that are available,crop models are the most effective and widely used tools for predicting yields.Results This study compares statistical and machine learning models to assess their ability to predict cotton yield across major producing districts of Karnataka,India,utilizing a long-term dataset spanning from 1990 to 2023 that includes yield and weather factors.The artificial neural networks(ANNs)performed superiorly with acceptable yield deviations ranging within±10%during both vegetative stage(F1)and mid stage(F2)for cotton.The model evaluation metrics such as root mean square error(RMSE),normalized root mean square error(nRMSE),and modelling efficiency(EF)were also within the acceptance limits in most districts.Furthermore,the tested ANN model was used to assess the importance of the dominant weather factors influencing crop yield in each district.Specifically,the use of morning relative humidity as an individual parameter and its interaction with maximum and minimum tempera-ture had a major influence on cotton yield in most of the yield predicted districts.These differences highlighted the differential interactions of weather factors in each district for cotton yield formation,highlighting individual response of each weather factor under different soils and management conditions over the major cotton growing districts of Karnataka.Conclusions Compared with statistical models,machine learning models such as ANNs proved higher efficiency in forecasting the cotton yield due to their ability to consider the interactive effects of weather factors on yield forma-tion at different growth stages.This highlights the best suitability of ANNs for yield forecasting in rainfed conditions and for the study on relative impacts of weather factors on yield.Thus,the study aims to provide valuable insights to support stakeholders in planning effective crop management strategies and formulating relevant policies.展开更多
Coral reef limestone(CRL)constitutes a distinctive marine carbonate formation with complex mechanical properties.This study investigates the multiscale damage and fracture mechanisms of CRL through integrated experime...Coral reef limestone(CRL)constitutes a distinctive marine carbonate formation with complex mechanical properties.This study investigates the multiscale damage and fracture mechanisms of CRL through integrated experimental testing,digital core technology,and theoretical modelling.Two CRL types with contrasting mesostructures were characterized across three scales.Macroscopically,CRL-I and CRL-II exhibited mean compressive strengths of 8.46 and 5.17 MPa,respectively.Mesoscopically,CRL-I featured small-scale highly interconnected pores,whilst CRL-II developed larger stratified pores with diminished connectivity.Microscopically,both CRL matrices demonstrated remarkable similarity in mineral composition and mechanical properties.A novel voxel average-based digital core scaling methodology was developed to facilitate numerical simulation of cross-scale damage processes,revealing network-progressive failure in CRL-I versus directional-brittle failure in CRL-II.Furthermore,a damage statistical constitutive model based on digital core technology and mesoscopic homogenisation theory established quantitative relationships between microelement strength distribution and macroscopic mechanical behavior.These findings illuminate the fundamental mechanisms through which mesoscopic structure governs the macroscopic mechanical properties of CRL.展开更多
Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the...Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the inter-RIS links which also contribute to the performance of the whole system are usually neglected when multiple RISs are deployed.In this paper we investigate a general double-RIS assisted multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)wireless communication system under spatially correlated non line-of-sight propagation channels,where the cooperation of the double RISs is also considered.The design objective is to maximize the achievable ergodic rate based on full statistical channel state information(CSI).Specifically,we firstly present a closedform asymptotic expression for the achievable ergodic rate by utilizing replica method from statistical physics.Then a full statistical CSI-enabled optimal design is proposed which avoids high pilot training overhead compared to instantaneous CSI-enabled design.To further reduce the signal processing overhead and lower the complexity for practical realization,a common-phase scheme is proposed to design the double RISs.Simulation results show that the derived asymptotic ergodic rate is quite accurate even for small-sized antenna arrays.And the proposed optimization algorithm can achieve substantial gain at the expense of a low overhead and complexity.Furthermore,the cooperative double-RIS assisted MIMO framework is proven to achieve superior ergodic rate performance and high communication reliability under harsh propagation environment.展开更多
First,statistics on the operational lines and mileage of urban rail transit in China are conducted.The results show that,as of Dec.31,2025,there were 60 cities with urban rail transit in operation nationwide,with a to...First,statistics on the operational lines and mileage of urban rail transit in China are conducted.The results show that,as of Dec.31,2025,there were 60 cities with urban rail transit in operation nationwide,with a total operational mileage of approximately 12837.8 km(excluding the electronic guideway rubber-tired system,there were 57 cities,with a total operational mileage of 12651.6 km).The metro system dominates,while low-capacity systems exhibit a multi-modal development pattern.Subsequently,the characteristics of China′s urban rail transit industry development are analyzed,indicating that:(1)It should closely align with the theme of urban intensive development,promote quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of existing lines,and focus on the supporting role of initial passenger flow for new line construction,multi-network integration,and economic and financial sustainability.(2)Significant innovative achievements have been made in safety resilience,green and low-carbon development,intelligent construction,and digital transformation.Finally,development recommendations for the"15th Five-Year Plan"period are proposed:promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the rail transit industry,enhancing the operational efficiency of existing networks,continuously exploring railway services for urban commuting,strengthening external exchanges,and driving the"going global"strategy of the urban rail transit industry.展开更多
In this study,the gradients of Total Electron Content(TEC)for a midlatitude region are estimated and grouped with respect to the distance between neighboring stations,time periods within a day,and satellite directions...In this study,the gradients of Total Electron Content(TEC)for a midlatitude region are estimated and grouped with respect to the distance between neighboring stations,time periods within a day,and satellite directions.Annual medians of these gradients for quiet days are computed as templates.The metric distances(L2N)and Symmetric Kullback-Leibler Distances(SKLD)are obtained between the templates and the daily gradient series.The grouped histograms are fitted to the prospective Probability Density Functions(PDF).The method is applied to the Slant Total Electron Content(STEC)estimates from the Turkish National Permanent GPS Network(TNPGN-Active)for 2015.The highest gradients are observed in the east-west axis with a maximum of 25 mm/km during a geomagnetic storm.The maximum differences from the gradient templates occur for neighboring stations within100-130 km distance away from each other,during night hours,and for regions bordering the Black Sea and the Mediterranean in the northeast and southeast of Turkey.The empirical PDFs of the stationpair gradients are predominantly Weibull-distributed.The mean values of Weibull PDFs in all station groups are between 1.2 and 1.8 mm/km,with an increase during noon and afternoon hours.The standard deviations of the gradient PDFs generally increase during night hours.The algorithm will form a basis for quantifying the stochastic variations of the spatial rate of change of TEC trends in midlatitude regions,thus supplementing reliable and accurate regional monitoring of ionospheric variability.展开更多
Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macro...Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.展开更多
Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'...Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.展开更多
The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recogni...The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.展开更多
The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial in...The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial intelligence(AI)-based machine learning(ML)has developed rapidly.This technique has achieved impressive results in the field of inclusion classification in process metallurgy.The present study surveys the ML modeling of inclusion prediction in advanced steels,including the detection,classification,and feature prediction of inclusions in different steel grades.Studies on clean steel with different features based on data and image analysis via ML are summarized.Regarding the data analysis,the inclusion prediction methodology based on ML establishes a connection between the experimental parameters and inclusion characteristics and analyzes the importance of the experimental parameters.Regarding the image analysis,the focus is placed on the classification of different types of inclusions via deep learning,in comparison with data analysis.Finally,further development of inclusion analyses using ML-based methods is recommended.This work paves the way for the application of AIbased methodologies for ultraclean-steel studies from a sustainable metallurgy perspective.展开更多
Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical sim...[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical simulations and dynamic analysis methods,this study systematically investigates the coupled dynamic response characteristics during the cage-carrier vessel separation process to reveal its dynamic evolution patterns and key influence mechanisms.[Method]Based on potential flow theory,a fully coupled dynamic analysis model of crane vessel-net cage-semi-submersible barge was established for a marine ranch project in Guangdong.The complete lifting process was dynamically simulated using SESAM software.Five typical operating sea states were configured to investigate the influence of wave parameters on the system's motion response under combined wave-current-wind actions.[Result]The results demonstrate that wave period dominates the system stability.Under short-period conditions,the system maintains stable motion with relatively small horizontal relative displacements,while long-period conditions excite low-frequency resonance,leading to significant slow-drift motions.Vertical response analysis reveals that long-period waves cause severe relative displacement fluctuations between the cage and semi-submersible vessel,with actual displacement amplitudes doubling the preset safety target of 2.045 m.Quantitative analysis further indicates that when significant wave height increases from 1.0 m to 1.5 m,the actual displacement amplitude increases by approximately 20%relative to the target displacement of 2.045 m,demonstrating that its influence is significantly weaker than the displacement variations induced by wave period changes.The complete dynamic simulation successfully captures the continuous dynamic response characteristics during the lifting process.[Conclusion]This research clarifies the influence mechanisms of wave parameters on the cage lifting process,identifying wave period as the crucial factor for operational safety.An operation window assessment method incorporating multi-body coupling effects is established,proposing a safety criterion with peak period not exceeding six seconds as the core requirement.The findings provide theoretical foundation for safe installation of marine ranch net cages and offer valuable references for similar offshore lifting operations.展开更多
To investigate the damage evolution caused by stress-driven and sub-critical crack propagation within the Beishan granite under multi-creep triaxial compressive conditions,the distributed optical fiber sensing and X-r...To investigate the damage evolution caused by stress-driven and sub-critical crack propagation within the Beishan granite under multi-creep triaxial compressive conditions,the distributed optical fiber sensing and X-ray computed tomography were combined to obtain the strain distribution over the sample surface and internal fractures of the samples.The Gini and skewness(G-S)coefficients were used to quantify strain localization during tests,where the Gini coefficient reflects the degree of clustering of elements with high strain values,i.e.,strain localization/delocalization.The strain localization-induced asymmetry of data distribution is quantified by the skewness coefficient.A precursor to granite failure is defined by the rapid and simultaneous increase of the G-S coefficients,which are calculated from strain increment,giving an earlier warning of failure by about 8%peak stress than those from absolute strain values.Moreover,the process of damage accumulation due to stress-driven crack propagation in Beishan granite is different at various confining pressures as the stress exceeds the crack initiation stress.Concretely,strain localization is continuous until brittle failure at higher confining pressure,while both strain localization and delocalization occur at lower confining pressure.Despite the different stress conditions,a similar statistical characteristic of strain localization during the creep stage is observed.The Gini coefficient increases,and the skewness coefficient decreases slightly as the creep stress is below 95%peak stress.When the accelerated strain localization begins,the Gini and skewness coefficients increase rapidly and simultaneously.展开更多
The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.A...The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.展开更多
Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,espe...Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,especially for first-time mothers.Computational childbirth plays an essential role in the prediction and prevention of these traumas,but fast personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles is challenging due to their anatomical complexity.This study introduces a novel shape-prediction-based personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles for perineal tearing management and childbirth simulation.300 subjects were selected from public Computed Tomography(CT)databases.The pelvic bone nmjmeshes were generated using a coarse-to-fine non-rigid mesh alignment procedure.The floor muscle meshes were personalized using the bone mesh deformation information.A feature-to-pelvic structure reconstruction pipeline was proposed,incorporating various strategies.Ten-fold cross-validation helped determine the optimal reconstruction strategy,regression method,and feature sizes.The mesh-to-mesh distance metric was employed for evaluating.The statistical shape relation-based strategy,coupled with multi-output ridge regression,was the optimal approach for pelvic structure reconstruction.With a feature set ranging from 3 to 38,the mean errors were 2.672 to 1.613 mm,and 3.237 to 1.415 mm in muscle attachment regions.The best-and worst-case predictions had errors of 1.227±0.959 mm and 2.900±2.309 mm,respectively.This study provides a novel approach to achieving fast personalized childbirth modeling and simulation for perineal tearing management.展开更多
With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles,their charging loads pose new challenges to power grid stability and operational efficiency.To address this,this study employs a Monte Carlo simulation model to analyz...With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles,their charging loads pose new challenges to power grid stability and operational efficiency.To address this,this study employs a Monte Carlo simulation model to analyze the charging load characteristics of six battery electric vehicle categories in Hebei Province,leveraging multi-source probabilistic distribution data under typical operational scenarios.The findings reveal that electric vehicle charging loads are primarily concentrated during midday and nighttime periods,with significant load fluctuations exerting substantial pressure on the grid.In response,this paper proposes strategic interventions including optimized charging infrastructure planning,time-of-use electricity pricing mechanisms,and smart charging technologies to balance grid loads.The results provide a theoretical foundation for electric vehicle load forecasting,smart grid dispatching,and vehicle-grid integration,thereby enhancing grid operational efficiency and sustainability.展开更多
Underground hydrogen storage has gained interest in recent years due to the enormous demand for clean energy.Hydrogen is more diffusive than air,with a smaller density and lower viscosity.These unique properties intro...Underground hydrogen storage has gained interest in recent years due to the enormous demand for clean energy.Hydrogen is more diffusive than air,with a smaller density and lower viscosity.These unique properties introduce distinctive hydrodynamic phenomena in hydrogen storage,one of which is fingering.Fingering could induce the fluid trapped in small clusters of pores,leading to a dramatic decrease in hydrogen saturation and a lower recovery rate.In this study,numerical simulations are performed at the microscopic scale to understand the evolution of hydrogen saturation and the impacts of injection and withdrawal cycles.Two sets of micromodels with different porosity(0.362 and 0.426)and minimum sizes of pore throats(0.362 mm and 0.181 mm)are developed in the numerical model.A parameter analysis is then conducted to understand the influence of injection velocity(in the range of 10^(-2)m/s to 10^(-5)m/s)and porous structure on the fingering pattern,followed by an image analysis to capture the evolution of the fingering pattern.Viscous fingering,capillary fingering,and crossover fingering are observed and identified under different boundary conditions.The fractal dimension,specific area,mean angle,and entropy of fingers are proposed as geometric descriptors to characterize the shape of the fingering pattern.When porosity increases from 0.362 to 0.426,the saturation of hydrogen increases by 26.2%.Narrower pore throats elevate capillary resistance,which hinders fluid invasion.These results underscore the importance of pore structures and the interaction between viscous and capillary forces for hydrogen recovery efficiency.This work illuminates the influence of the pore structures and the fluid properties on the immiscible displacement of hydrogen and can be further extended to optimize the injection strategy of hydrogen in underground hydrogen storage.展开更多
Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for q...Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for quantifying the stability of softhard interbedded anti-inclined slopes remain underdeveloped,primarily due to the complex force transfer mechanisms involved.This study proposed a novel theoretical model for the stability analysis of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined slopes under rainfall conditions.The framework models stratified rock layers as layered cantilever beams with material heterogeneity.Based on the principle of deformation compatibility,it comprehensively accounted for interlayer force transfer and strength degradation resulting from differential deformations among rock layers.Furthermore,it integrated the critical instability length induced by the self-weight of rock layers to determine the fracture depth.The proposed method was validated against engineering case studies and physical model tests,with error falling within an acceptable range.Compared to existing theoretical methods,the proposed method provided a more realistic representation of the slope's stress field.The analysis results demonstrate that rainfall not only reduces the inclination angle of the failure surface but also leads to an approximate 30%decrease in the safety factor.The proposed theoretical model is particularly useful for quickly calculating the stability of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined rock slope under rainfall conditions,compared to complex and time-consuming numerical simulation calculations.展开更多
For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism resp...For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism responsible is unclear.In this study,‘Hongzaosu’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia×Pyrus communis)fruit were treated with a low nighttime temperature(LNT,16℃)or a warm nighttime temperature(WNT,26℃),with sampling conducted within two diurnal cycles.The results showed that LNT promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin.The structural anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpCHS,PpF3H,and PpUFGT exhibited a rhythmic increase in expression at night under LNT.To examine the underlying mechanism,RNA sequencing was conducted using pear calli exposed to LNT and WNT for different durations(24,48,72,or 96 h).Transcriptome analysis revealed 285 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)common to all pairwise comparisons of LNT-and WNT-treated calli of‘Clapp's Favorite’(P.communis)at the sampling time points.KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the common DEGs were enriched in secondary metabolic processes and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes,which are associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.The transcription factor PpCDF5,which was responsive to LNT,was selected for further study.Dual-luciferase assays showed that PpCDF5 activated the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpMYB10,PpCHS,PpF3H,PpDFR,PpANS,and PpUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays demonstrated that PpCDF5 directly binds to the PpF3H promoter,which contains an AAAG motif.Overexpression of PpCDF5 in pear calli and transient overexpression in pear fruit both increased anthocyanin accumulation.The results indicate that PpCDF5 is involved in LNT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit and provide insights into the molecular regulation of commercial fruit coloration.展开更多
AIM:To perform a bibliometric analysis of publications focusing on inflammatory mechanisms in glaucoma,thereby comprehensively understanding the current research status and identifying potential frontier directions fo...AIM:To perform a bibliometric analysis of publications focusing on inflammatory mechanisms in glaucoma,thereby comprehensively understanding the current research status and identifying potential frontier directions for future studies.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)database to retrieve relevant literature published from January 1,2000,to August 31,2025(data accessed on September 12,2025).Multiple data visualization tools were employed to conduct in-depth analyses of the included publications,covering aspects such as publication quantity and quality,evolutionary trends of research hotspots,keyword cooccurrence networks,and collaborative patterns among countries/regions,institutions,and authors.RESULTS:A total of 3381 articles related to glaucoma inflammation were extracted from WoSCC.The analysis showed that the USA had the highest research output in this field(29.04%,n=982),followed by China(18.40%,n=622)and UK(6.01%,n=203).Based on citation frequency and burst intensity,the USA also ranked as the most influential country.Baudouin C and Sun X were identified as the most productive authors,while Journal of Glaucoma and Investigative Ophthalmology&Visual Science were the journals with the highest number of published relevant articles.Additionally,keyword analysis revealed that“neuroinflammation”,“retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)”,“pathophysiology”,and“traditional Chinese medicine”are emerging research hotspots in the field of immuneinflammatory responses in glaucoma.CONCLUSION:This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric overview of research on glaucoma-related inflammation,indicating that this field has received extensive scientific attention with a steady upward trend in research activity.Furthermore,it establishes a theoretical basis for the development of neuroinflammation-targeted therapeutic strategies for glaucoma and emphasizes the necessity of strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration to promote the clinical translation of research findings.展开更多
Multichannel signals have the characteristics of information diversity and information consistency.To better explore and utilize the affinity relationship within multichannel signals,a new graph learning technique bas...Multichannel signals have the characteristics of information diversity and information consistency.To better explore and utilize the affinity relationship within multichannel signals,a new graph learning technique based on low rank tensor approximation is proposed for multichannel monitoring signal processing and utilization.Firstly,the affinity relationship of multichannel signals can be acquired based on the clustering results of each channel signal.Wherein an affinity tensor is constructed to integrate the diverse and consistent information of the clustering information among multichannel signals.Secondly,a low-rank tensor optimization model is built and the joint affinity matrix is optimized with the assistance of the strong confidence affinity matrix.Through solving the optimization model,the fused affinity relationship graph of multichannel signals can be obtained.Finally,the multichannel fused clustering results can be acquired though the updated joint affinity relationship graph.The multichannel signal utilization examples in health state assessment with public datasets and microwave detection with actual echoes verify the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
基金funded through India Meteorological Department,New Delhi,India under the Forecasting Agricultural output using Space,Agrometeorol ogy and Land based observations(FASAL)project and fund number:No.ASC/FASAL/KT-11/01/HQ-2010.
文摘Background Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops after food crops,especially in countries like India,where it’s grown extensively under rainfed conditions.Because of its usage in multiple industries,such as textile,medicine,and automobile industries,it has greater commercial importance.The crop’s performance is greatly influenced by prevailing weather dynamics.As climate changes,assessing how weather changes affect crop performance is essential.Among various techniques that are available,crop models are the most effective and widely used tools for predicting yields.Results This study compares statistical and machine learning models to assess their ability to predict cotton yield across major producing districts of Karnataka,India,utilizing a long-term dataset spanning from 1990 to 2023 that includes yield and weather factors.The artificial neural networks(ANNs)performed superiorly with acceptable yield deviations ranging within±10%during both vegetative stage(F1)and mid stage(F2)for cotton.The model evaluation metrics such as root mean square error(RMSE),normalized root mean square error(nRMSE),and modelling efficiency(EF)were also within the acceptance limits in most districts.Furthermore,the tested ANN model was used to assess the importance of the dominant weather factors influencing crop yield in each district.Specifically,the use of morning relative humidity as an individual parameter and its interaction with maximum and minimum tempera-ture had a major influence on cotton yield in most of the yield predicted districts.These differences highlighted the differential interactions of weather factors in each district for cotton yield formation,highlighting individual response of each weather factor under different soils and management conditions over the major cotton growing districts of Karnataka.Conclusions Compared with statistical models,machine learning models such as ANNs proved higher efficiency in forecasting the cotton yield due to their ability to consider the interactive effects of weather factors on yield forma-tion at different growth stages.This highlights the best suitability of ANNs for yield forecasting in rainfed conditions and for the study on relative impacts of weather factors on yield.Thus,the study aims to provide valuable insights to support stakeholders in planning effective crop management strategies and formulating relevant policies.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFC3100800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.42407235 and 42271026)+1 种基金the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (No.SCKJ-JYRC-2023-54)supported by the Hefei advanced computing center
文摘Coral reef limestone(CRL)constitutes a distinctive marine carbonate formation with complex mechanical properties.This study investigates the multiscale damage and fracture mechanisms of CRL through integrated experimental testing,digital core technology,and theoretical modelling.Two CRL types with contrasting mesostructures were characterized across three scales.Macroscopically,CRL-I and CRL-II exhibited mean compressive strengths of 8.46 and 5.17 MPa,respectively.Mesoscopically,CRL-I featured small-scale highly interconnected pores,whilst CRL-II developed larger stratified pores with diminished connectivity.Microscopically,both CRL matrices demonstrated remarkable similarity in mineral composition and mechanical properties.A novel voxel average-based digital core scaling methodology was developed to facilitate numerical simulation of cross-scale damage processes,revealing network-progressive failure in CRL-I versus directional-brittle failure in CRL-II.Furthermore,a damage statistical constitutive model based on digital core technology and mesoscopic homogenisation theory established quantitative relationships between microelement strength distribution and macroscopic mechanical behavior.These findings illuminate the fundamental mechanisms through which mesoscopic structure governs the macroscopic mechanical properties of CRL.
基金supported in part by the Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University(XJTLU)Research Development Fund(2024–2027)under Grant RDF-23-02-010supported in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2023A1515110732+5 种基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62071247supported in part by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao,China SAR under Grants 0087/2022/AFJ and 001/2024/SKLin part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62261160650in part by the Research Committee of University of Macao,Macao SAR,China under Grants MYRG-GRG2023-00116-FST-UMDF and MYRG2020-00095-FSTsupported in part by the NSFC under Grant 62261160576 and 62301148in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242023K5003.
文摘Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the inter-RIS links which also contribute to the performance of the whole system are usually neglected when multiple RISs are deployed.In this paper we investigate a general double-RIS assisted multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)wireless communication system under spatially correlated non line-of-sight propagation channels,where the cooperation of the double RISs is also considered.The design objective is to maximize the achievable ergodic rate based on full statistical channel state information(CSI).Specifically,we firstly present a closedform asymptotic expression for the achievable ergodic rate by utilizing replica method from statistical physics.Then a full statistical CSI-enabled optimal design is proposed which avoids high pilot training overhead compared to instantaneous CSI-enabled design.To further reduce the signal processing overhead and lower the complexity for practical realization,a common-phase scheme is proposed to design the double RISs.Simulation results show that the derived asymptotic ergodic rate is quite accurate even for small-sized antenna arrays.And the proposed optimization algorithm can achieve substantial gain at the expense of a low overhead and complexity.Furthermore,the cooperative double-RIS assisted MIMO framework is proven to achieve superior ergodic rate performance and high communication reliability under harsh propagation environment.
文摘First,statistics on the operational lines and mileage of urban rail transit in China are conducted.The results show that,as of Dec.31,2025,there were 60 cities with urban rail transit in operation nationwide,with a total operational mileage of approximately 12837.8 km(excluding the electronic guideway rubber-tired system,there were 57 cities,with a total operational mileage of 12651.6 km).The metro system dominates,while low-capacity systems exhibit a multi-modal development pattern.Subsequently,the characteristics of China′s urban rail transit industry development are analyzed,indicating that:(1)It should closely align with the theme of urban intensive development,promote quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of existing lines,and focus on the supporting role of initial passenger flow for new line construction,multi-network integration,and economic and financial sustainability.(2)Significant innovative achievements have been made in safety resilience,green and low-carbon development,intelligent construction,and digital transformation.Finally,development recommendations for the"15th Five-Year Plan"period are proposed:promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the rail transit industry,enhancing the operational efficiency of existing networks,continuously exploring railway services for urban commuting,strengthening external exchanges,and driving the"going global"strategy of the urban rail transit industry.
基金supported by TUBITAK 112E568,114E092,and 115E915 projectsTNPGN-Active RINEX data set is available to the IONOLAB group for the TUBITAK 109E055 project。
文摘In this study,the gradients of Total Electron Content(TEC)for a midlatitude region are estimated and grouped with respect to the distance between neighboring stations,time periods within a day,and satellite directions.Annual medians of these gradients for quiet days are computed as templates.The metric distances(L2N)and Symmetric Kullback-Leibler Distances(SKLD)are obtained between the templates and the daily gradient series.The grouped histograms are fitted to the prospective Probability Density Functions(PDF).The method is applied to the Slant Total Electron Content(STEC)estimates from the Turkish National Permanent GPS Network(TNPGN-Active)for 2015.The highest gradients are observed in the east-west axis with a maximum of 25 mm/km during a geomagnetic storm.The maximum differences from the gradient templates occur for neighboring stations within100-130 km distance away from each other,during night hours,and for regions bordering the Black Sea and the Mediterranean in the northeast and southeast of Turkey.The empirical PDFs of the stationpair gradients are predominantly Weibull-distributed.The mean values of Weibull PDFs in all station groups are between 1.2 and 1.8 mm/km,with an increase during noon and afternoon hours.The standard deviations of the gradient PDFs generally increase during night hours.The algorithm will form a basis for quantifying the stochastic variations of the spatial rate of change of TEC trends in midlatitude regions,thus supplementing reliable and accurate regional monitoring of ionospheric variability.
基金supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline ProjectThe Intramural Research Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,No. 4910Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project,No. 2020-55 (all to SW)。
文摘Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
文摘Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.
文摘The Savitzky-Golay(SG)filter,which employs polynomial least-squares approximations to smooth data and estimate derivatives,is widely used for processing noisy data.However,noise suppression by the SG filter is recognized to be limited at data boundaries and high frequencies,which can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To solve this problem,a novel method synergistically integrating Principal Component Analysis(PCA)with SG filtering is proposed in this paper.This approach avoids the is-sue of excessive smoothing associated with larger window sizes.The proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm was applied to a CO gas sensing system based on Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy(CRDS).The perform-ance of the PCA-SG filtering algorithm is demonstrated through comparison with Moving Average Filtering(MAF),Wavelet Transformation(WT),Kalman Filtering(KF),and the SG filter.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior noise reduction capabilities compared to the other algorithms evaluated.The SNR of the ring-down signal was improved from 11.8612 dB to 29.0913 dB,and the stand-ard deviation of the extracted ring-down time constant was reduced from 0.037μs to 0.018μs.These results confirm that the proposed PCA-SG filtering algorithm effectively improves the smoothness of the ring-down curve data,demonstrating its feasibility.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFB3713705)is acknowledgedWangzhong Mu would like to acknowledge the Strategic Mobility,Sweden(SSF,No.SM22-0039)+1 种基金the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education(STINT,No.IB2022-9228)the Jernkontoret(Sweden)for supporting this clean steel research.Gonghao Lian would like to acknowledge China Scholarship Council(CSC,No.202306080032).
文摘The detection and characterization of non-metallic inclusions are essential for clean steel production.Recently,imaging analysis combined with high-dimensional data processing of metallic materials using artificial intelligence(AI)-based machine learning(ML)has developed rapidly.This technique has achieved impressive results in the field of inclusion classification in process metallurgy.The present study surveys the ML modeling of inclusion prediction in advanced steels,including the detection,classification,and feature prediction of inclusions in different steel grades.Studies on clean steel with different features based on data and image analysis via ML are summarized.Regarding the data analysis,the inclusion prediction methodology based on ML establishes a connection between the experimental parameters and inclusion characteristics and analyzes the importance of the experimental parameters.Regarding the image analysis,the focus is placed on the classification of different types of inclusions via deep learning,in comparison with data analysis.Finally,further development of inclusion analyses using ML-based methods is recommended.This work paves the way for the application of AIbased methodologies for ultraclean-steel studies from a sustainable metallurgy perspective.
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
文摘[Objective]This study aims to investigate the multi-body hydrodynamic interaction mechanisms during offshore lifting operations of aquaculture net cages in wind-fishery integration systems.By integrating numerical simulations and dynamic analysis methods,this study systematically investigates the coupled dynamic response characteristics during the cage-carrier vessel separation process to reveal its dynamic evolution patterns and key influence mechanisms.[Method]Based on potential flow theory,a fully coupled dynamic analysis model of crane vessel-net cage-semi-submersible barge was established for a marine ranch project in Guangdong.The complete lifting process was dynamically simulated using SESAM software.Five typical operating sea states were configured to investigate the influence of wave parameters on the system's motion response under combined wave-current-wind actions.[Result]The results demonstrate that wave period dominates the system stability.Under short-period conditions,the system maintains stable motion with relatively small horizontal relative displacements,while long-period conditions excite low-frequency resonance,leading to significant slow-drift motions.Vertical response analysis reveals that long-period waves cause severe relative displacement fluctuations between the cage and semi-submersible vessel,with actual displacement amplitudes doubling the preset safety target of 2.045 m.Quantitative analysis further indicates that when significant wave height increases from 1.0 m to 1.5 m,the actual displacement amplitude increases by approximately 20%relative to the target displacement of 2.045 m,demonstrating that its influence is significantly weaker than the displacement variations induced by wave period changes.The complete dynamic simulation successfully captures the continuous dynamic response characteristics during the lifting process.[Conclusion]This research clarifies the influence mechanisms of wave parameters on the cage lifting process,identifying wave period as the crucial factor for operational safety.An operation window assessment method incorporating multi-body coupling effects is established,proposing a safety criterion with peak period not exceeding six seconds as the core requirement.The findings provide theoretical foundation for safe installation of marine ranch net cages and offer valuable references for similar offshore lifting operations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52339001).
文摘To investigate the damage evolution caused by stress-driven and sub-critical crack propagation within the Beishan granite under multi-creep triaxial compressive conditions,the distributed optical fiber sensing and X-ray computed tomography were combined to obtain the strain distribution over the sample surface and internal fractures of the samples.The Gini and skewness(G-S)coefficients were used to quantify strain localization during tests,where the Gini coefficient reflects the degree of clustering of elements with high strain values,i.e.,strain localization/delocalization.The strain localization-induced asymmetry of data distribution is quantified by the skewness coefficient.A precursor to granite failure is defined by the rapid and simultaneous increase of the G-S coefficients,which are calculated from strain increment,giving an earlier warning of failure by about 8%peak stress than those from absolute strain values.Moreover,the process of damage accumulation due to stress-driven crack propagation in Beishan granite is different at various confining pressures as the stress exceeds the crack initiation stress.Concretely,strain localization is continuous until brittle failure at higher confining pressure,while both strain localization and delocalization occur at lower confining pressure.Despite the different stress conditions,a similar statistical characteristic of strain localization during the creep stage is observed.The Gini coefficient increases,and the skewness coefficient decreases slightly as the creep stress is below 95%peak stress.When the accelerated strain localization begins,the Gini and skewness coefficients increase rapidly and simultaneously.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52034002 and U2202254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-TT-19-001)。
文摘The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.
基金funded by Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City(VNU-HCM)under grant number DS.C2025-28-06.
文摘Vaginal delivery is a fascinating physiological process,but also a high-risk process.Up to 85%–90%of vaginal deliveries lead to perineal trauma,with nearly 11%of severe perineal tearing.It is a common occurrence,especially for first-time mothers.Computational childbirth plays an essential role in the prediction and prevention of these traumas,but fast personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles is challenging due to their anatomical complexity.This study introduces a novel shape-prediction-based personalization of the pelvis and floor muscles for perineal tearing management and childbirth simulation.300 subjects were selected from public Computed Tomography(CT)databases.The pelvic bone nmjmeshes were generated using a coarse-to-fine non-rigid mesh alignment procedure.The floor muscle meshes were personalized using the bone mesh deformation information.A feature-to-pelvic structure reconstruction pipeline was proposed,incorporating various strategies.Ten-fold cross-validation helped determine the optimal reconstruction strategy,regression method,and feature sizes.The mesh-to-mesh distance metric was employed for evaluating.The statistical shape relation-based strategy,coupled with multi-output ridge regression,was the optimal approach for pelvic structure reconstruction.With a feature set ranging from 3 to 38,the mean errors were 2.672 to 1.613 mm,and 3.237 to 1.415 mm in muscle attachment regions.The best-and worst-case predictions had errors of 1.227±0.959 mm and 2.900±2.309 mm,respectively.This study provides a novel approach to achieving fast personalized childbirth modeling and simulation for perineal tearing management.
基金funded by Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education Planning Fund of China,grant number 21YJA790009National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 72140001.
文摘With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles,their charging loads pose new challenges to power grid stability and operational efficiency.To address this,this study employs a Monte Carlo simulation model to analyze the charging load characteristics of six battery electric vehicle categories in Hebei Province,leveraging multi-source probabilistic distribution data under typical operational scenarios.The findings reveal that electric vehicle charging loads are primarily concentrated during midday and nighttime periods,with significant load fluctuations exerting substantial pressure on the grid.In response,this paper proposes strategic interventions including optimized charging infrastructure planning,time-of-use electricity pricing mechanisms,and smart charging technologies to balance grid loads.The results provide a theoretical foundation for electric vehicle load forecasting,smart grid dispatching,and vehicle-grid integration,thereby enhancing grid operational efficiency and sustainability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2023YFE0110900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42320104003,42477168).
文摘Underground hydrogen storage has gained interest in recent years due to the enormous demand for clean energy.Hydrogen is more diffusive than air,with a smaller density and lower viscosity.These unique properties introduce distinctive hydrodynamic phenomena in hydrogen storage,one of which is fingering.Fingering could induce the fluid trapped in small clusters of pores,leading to a dramatic decrease in hydrogen saturation and a lower recovery rate.In this study,numerical simulations are performed at the microscopic scale to understand the evolution of hydrogen saturation and the impacts of injection and withdrawal cycles.Two sets of micromodels with different porosity(0.362 and 0.426)and minimum sizes of pore throats(0.362 mm and 0.181 mm)are developed in the numerical model.A parameter analysis is then conducted to understand the influence of injection velocity(in the range of 10^(-2)m/s to 10^(-5)m/s)and porous structure on the fingering pattern,followed by an image analysis to capture the evolution of the fingering pattern.Viscous fingering,capillary fingering,and crossover fingering are observed and identified under different boundary conditions.The fractal dimension,specific area,mean angle,and entropy of fingers are proposed as geometric descriptors to characterize the shape of the fingering pattern.When porosity increases from 0.362 to 0.426,the saturation of hydrogen increases by 26.2%.Narrower pore throats elevate capillary resistance,which hinders fluid invasion.These results underscore the importance of pore structures and the interaction between viscous and capillary forces for hydrogen recovery efficiency.This work illuminates the influence of the pore structures and the fluid properties on the immiscible displacement of hydrogen and can be further extended to optimize the injection strategy of hydrogen in underground hydrogen storage.
基金supported by the Chongqing Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project(grant number:CQSLK-202329)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(grant number:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0991)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:52378327)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation Development Joint Fund(grant number:CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0049)。
文摘Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for quantifying the stability of softhard interbedded anti-inclined slopes remain underdeveloped,primarily due to the complex force transfer mechanisms involved.This study proposed a novel theoretical model for the stability analysis of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined slopes under rainfall conditions.The framework models stratified rock layers as layered cantilever beams with material heterogeneity.Based on the principle of deformation compatibility,it comprehensively accounted for interlayer force transfer and strength degradation resulting from differential deformations among rock layers.Furthermore,it integrated the critical instability length induced by the self-weight of rock layers to determine the fracture depth.The proposed method was validated against engineering case studies and physical model tests,with error falling within an acceptable range.Compared to existing theoretical methods,the proposed method provided a more realistic representation of the slope's stress field.The analysis results demonstrate that rainfall not only reduces the inclination angle of the failure surface but also leads to an approximate 30%decrease in the safety factor.The proposed theoretical model is particularly useful for quickly calculating the stability of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined rock slope under rainfall conditions,compared to complex and time-consuming numerical simulation calculations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072545,32272639 and 32260745)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LTGN23C150009 and LY22C150003)Zhejiang University Experimental Technology Research Project(Grant No.SYBJS202217).
文摘For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism responsible is unclear.In this study,‘Hongzaosu’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia×Pyrus communis)fruit were treated with a low nighttime temperature(LNT,16℃)or a warm nighttime temperature(WNT,26℃),with sampling conducted within two diurnal cycles.The results showed that LNT promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin.The structural anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpCHS,PpF3H,and PpUFGT exhibited a rhythmic increase in expression at night under LNT.To examine the underlying mechanism,RNA sequencing was conducted using pear calli exposed to LNT and WNT for different durations(24,48,72,or 96 h).Transcriptome analysis revealed 285 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)common to all pairwise comparisons of LNT-and WNT-treated calli of‘Clapp's Favorite’(P.communis)at the sampling time points.KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the common DEGs were enriched in secondary metabolic processes and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes,which are associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.The transcription factor PpCDF5,which was responsive to LNT,was selected for further study.Dual-luciferase assays showed that PpCDF5 activated the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpMYB10,PpCHS,PpF3H,PpDFR,PpANS,and PpUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays demonstrated that PpCDF5 directly binds to the PpF3H promoter,which contains an AAAG motif.Overexpression of PpCDF5 in pear calli and transient overexpression in pear fruit both increased anthocyanin accumulation.The results indicate that PpCDF5 is involved in LNT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit and provide insights into the molecular regulation of commercial fruit coloration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074500)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7252273)+2 种基金CACMS Innovation Fund(No.CI2021A02605)Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province(No.2024ZR029)Science and Technology Program of Wenzhou City(No.Y2023210).
文摘AIM:To perform a bibliometric analysis of publications focusing on inflammatory mechanisms in glaucoma,thereby comprehensively understanding the current research status and identifying potential frontier directions for future studies.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)database to retrieve relevant literature published from January 1,2000,to August 31,2025(data accessed on September 12,2025).Multiple data visualization tools were employed to conduct in-depth analyses of the included publications,covering aspects such as publication quantity and quality,evolutionary trends of research hotspots,keyword cooccurrence networks,and collaborative patterns among countries/regions,institutions,and authors.RESULTS:A total of 3381 articles related to glaucoma inflammation were extracted from WoSCC.The analysis showed that the USA had the highest research output in this field(29.04%,n=982),followed by China(18.40%,n=622)and UK(6.01%,n=203).Based on citation frequency and burst intensity,the USA also ranked as the most influential country.Baudouin C and Sun X were identified as the most productive authors,while Journal of Glaucoma and Investigative Ophthalmology&Visual Science were the journals with the highest number of published relevant articles.Additionally,keyword analysis revealed that“neuroinflammation”,“retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)”,“pathophysiology”,and“traditional Chinese medicine”are emerging research hotspots in the field of immuneinflammatory responses in glaucoma.CONCLUSION:This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric overview of research on glaucoma-related inflammation,indicating that this field has received extensive scientific attention with a steady upward trend in research activity.Furthermore,it establishes a theoretical basis for the development of neuroinflammation-targeted therapeutic strategies for glaucoma and emphasizes the necessity of strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration to promote the clinical translation of research findings.
基金supported by Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(SAST2023-075)。
文摘Multichannel signals have the characteristics of information diversity and information consistency.To better explore and utilize the affinity relationship within multichannel signals,a new graph learning technique based on low rank tensor approximation is proposed for multichannel monitoring signal processing and utilization.Firstly,the affinity relationship of multichannel signals can be acquired based on the clustering results of each channel signal.Wherein an affinity tensor is constructed to integrate the diverse and consistent information of the clustering information among multichannel signals.Secondly,a low-rank tensor optimization model is built and the joint affinity matrix is optimized with the assistance of the strong confidence affinity matrix.Through solving the optimization model,the fused affinity relationship graph of multichannel signals can be obtained.Finally,the multichannel fused clustering results can be acquired though the updated joint affinity relationship graph.The multichannel signal utilization examples in health state assessment with public datasets and microwave detection with actual echoes verify the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method.
