According to the mechanism of rice growth,if nitrogen deficiency occurs,not only rice leaf but also sheath shows special symptoms:sheaths become short,stems appear light green,older sheath become lemon-yellowish.Nitro...According to the mechanism of rice growth,if nitrogen deficiency occurs,not only rice leaf but also sheath shows special symptoms:sheaths become short,stems appear light green,older sheath become lemon-yellowish.Nitrogen nutrition status of rice could be identified based on the differences of color and shape of leaf and sheath under different levels of nitrogen nutrition.Machine vision technology can be used to non-destructively and rapidly identify rice nutrition status,but image acquisition via digital camera is susceptible to external conditions,and the images are of poor quality.In this research,static scanning technology was used to collect images of rice leaf and sheath.From those images,14 color and shape characteristic parameters of leaf and sheath were extracted by R,G,B mean value function and region props function in MATLAB.Based on the relationship between nitrogen content and the characteristics extracted from the images,the leaf R,leaf length,leaf area,leaf tip R,sheath G,and sheath length were chosen to identify nitrogen status of rice by using Support Vector Machine(SVM).The results showed that the overall identification accuracies of different nitrogen nutrition were 94%,98%,96%and 100%for the four growth stages,respectively.Different years of data were used for validation,identification accuracies were 88%,98%,90%and 100%,respectively.The results showed that additional sheath characteristics can effectively increase the identification accuracy of nitrogen nutrition status and the methodology developed in the study is capable of identifying nitrogen deficiency accurately in the rice.展开更多
为了研究交流电晕对室温硫化(room temperature vulcanization,RTV)和高温硫化(high temperature vul-canization,HTV)硅橡胶憎水性丧失和恢复的影响,基于硅橡胶电晕测试系统在相同的温度、湿度和场强下对同样厚度的RTV和HTV硅橡胶进行...为了研究交流电晕对室温硫化(room temperature vulcanization,RTV)和高温硫化(high temperature vul-canization,HTV)硅橡胶憎水性丧失和恢复的影响,基于硅橡胶电晕测试系统在相同的温度、湿度和场强下对同样厚度的RTV和HTV硅橡胶进行了电晕,测量了不同电压和电晕持续时间情况下RTV和HTV硅橡胶在电晕和恢复时的静态接触角随时间的变化情况。研究发现:同样的电压和加压时间情况下,RTV硅橡胶电晕后憎水性丧失速度慢于HTV硅橡胶,憎水性恢复到初始值所需时间明显短于HTV硅橡胶。随电晕时间的增加硅橡胶憎水性恢复到初始值所需时间存在增加的趋势。随电晕电压的增加硅橡胶憎水性下降速度加快,憎水性恢复到初值所需时间存在增加的趋势;随电晕时间、电压的增加晕圈逐渐增大。电晕的开始阶段憎水性快速下降,随时间增加速度逐渐下降,后来憎水性逐渐趋于稳定;恢复的开始阶段憎水性恢复速度快,随时间增加速度逐渐下降,后来憎水性逐渐趋于稳定。对电晕后硅橡胶表面进行了扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析,发现RTV硅橡胶表面破坏情况比HTV硅橡胶严重。展开更多
我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力...我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力的影响程度;并结合扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验分析了浆液分布特点,探讨了浆液在卵石层中的扩散范围,研究了浆液扩散范围与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明:浆液能够有效地填充桩端卵石层,注浆量的增加使得填充范围扩大,填充范围为3~4倍桩径时,桩的承载力改善最显著。在不均匀卵石持力层中存在一个最优注浆量,最优归一化注浆量约为2.8,若超过该最优注浆量归一化值,桩的承载力不再显著提高。单桩模型试验确定的最优注浆量与刘金砺公式[1]的预测结果接近。扫描电镜技术有助于评价桩的后注浆技术在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的土层中的效果。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31172023)Zhejiang Province Postdoctoral Foundation(BSH1502132).
文摘According to the mechanism of rice growth,if nitrogen deficiency occurs,not only rice leaf but also sheath shows special symptoms:sheaths become short,stems appear light green,older sheath become lemon-yellowish.Nitrogen nutrition status of rice could be identified based on the differences of color and shape of leaf and sheath under different levels of nitrogen nutrition.Machine vision technology can be used to non-destructively and rapidly identify rice nutrition status,but image acquisition via digital camera is susceptible to external conditions,and the images are of poor quality.In this research,static scanning technology was used to collect images of rice leaf and sheath.From those images,14 color and shape characteristic parameters of leaf and sheath were extracted by R,G,B mean value function and region props function in MATLAB.Based on the relationship between nitrogen content and the characteristics extracted from the images,the leaf R,leaf length,leaf area,leaf tip R,sheath G,and sheath length were chosen to identify nitrogen status of rice by using Support Vector Machine(SVM).The results showed that the overall identification accuracies of different nitrogen nutrition were 94%,98%,96%and 100%for the four growth stages,respectively.Different years of data were used for validation,identification accuracies were 88%,98%,90%and 100%,respectively.The results showed that additional sheath characteristics can effectively increase the identification accuracy of nitrogen nutrition status and the methodology developed in the study is capable of identifying nitrogen deficiency accurately in the rice.
文摘为了研究交流电晕对室温硫化(room temperature vulcanization,RTV)和高温硫化(high temperature vul-canization,HTV)硅橡胶憎水性丧失和恢复的影响,基于硅橡胶电晕测试系统在相同的温度、湿度和场强下对同样厚度的RTV和HTV硅橡胶进行了电晕,测量了不同电压和电晕持续时间情况下RTV和HTV硅橡胶在电晕和恢复时的静态接触角随时间的变化情况。研究发现:同样的电压和加压时间情况下,RTV硅橡胶电晕后憎水性丧失速度慢于HTV硅橡胶,憎水性恢复到初始值所需时间明显短于HTV硅橡胶。随电晕时间的增加硅橡胶憎水性恢复到初始值所需时间存在增加的趋势。随电晕电压的增加硅橡胶憎水性下降速度加快,憎水性恢复到初值所需时间存在增加的趋势;随电晕时间、电压的增加晕圈逐渐增大。电晕的开始阶段憎水性快速下降,随时间增加速度逐渐下降,后来憎水性逐渐趋于稳定;恢复的开始阶段憎水性恢复速度快,随时间增加速度逐渐下降,后来憎水性逐渐趋于稳定。对电晕后硅橡胶表面进行了扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析,发现RTV硅橡胶表面破坏情况比HTV硅橡胶严重。
文摘我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力的影响程度;并结合扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验分析了浆液分布特点,探讨了浆液在卵石层中的扩散范围,研究了浆液扩散范围与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明:浆液能够有效地填充桩端卵石层,注浆量的增加使得填充范围扩大,填充范围为3~4倍桩径时,桩的承载力改善最显著。在不均匀卵石持力层中存在一个最优注浆量,最优归一化注浆量约为2.8,若超过该最优注浆量归一化值,桩的承载力不再显著提高。单桩模型试验确定的最优注浆量与刘金砺公式[1]的预测结果接近。扫描电镜技术有助于评价桩的后注浆技术在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的土层中的效果。
