In this paper, we analyze the features and distinctions of 6 classical algorithms： greedy algorithm （G）, greedy evolution algorithm （GE）, heuristics algorithm （H）, greedy heuristic G （GRE）, integer linear pro...In this paper, we analyze the features and distinctions of 6 classical algorithms： greedy algorithm （G）, greedy evolution algorithm （GE）, heuristics algorithm （H）, greedy heuristic G （GRE）, integer linear programming algorithm （ILP） and genetic algorithm （GA） to ensure the main influencing factors-the performance of algorithms and the running time of algorithms. What＇s more, we would not only present a research design that aims at gaining deeper understanding about the algorithm classification and its function as well as their distinction, but also make an empirical study in order to obtain a practical range standard that can guide the selection of reduction algorithms. When the size of a test object （product of test requirements and test cases） is smaller than 2000×2000, G algorithm is the commonly recommended algorithm. With the growth of test size, the usage of GE and GRE becomes more general.展开更多
In order to improve the data throughput of the advanced encryption standard （AES） IP core while reducing the hardware resource consumption and finally achieving a tradeoff between speed and area, a mixed pipeline ar...In order to improve the data throughput of the advanced encryption standard （AES） IP core while reducing the hardware resource consumption and finally achieving a tradeoff between speed and area, a mixed pipeline architecture and reconfigurable technology for the design and implementation of the AES IP core is proposed. The encryption and decryption processes of the AES algorithm are achieved in the same process within the mixed pipeline structure. According to the finite field characterizations, the Sbox in the AES algorithm is optimized. ShiftRow and MixColumn, which are the main components in AES round transformation, are optimized with the reconfigurable technology. The design is implemented on the Xilinx Virtex2p xc2vp20-7 field programmable gate array （FPGA） device. It can achieve a data throughput above 2.58 Gbit/s, and it only requires 3 233 slices. Compared with other related designs of AES IP cores on the same device, the proposed design can achieve a tradeoff between speed and area, and obtain satisfactory results in both data throughput and hardware resource consumption.展开更多
The China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System（CIDARS） was successfully implemented and became operational nationwide in 2008. The CIDARS plays an important role in and has been integrated into the...The China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System（CIDARS） was successfully implemented and became operational nationwide in 2008. The CIDARS plays an important role in and has been integrated into the routine outbreak monitoring efforts of the Center for Disease Control（CDC） at all levels in China. In the CIDARS, thresholds are determined using the ？Mean＋2SD？ in the early stage which have limitations. This study compared the performance of optimized thresholds defined using the ？Mean ＋2SD？ method to the performance of 5 novel algorithms to select optimal ？Outbreak Gold Standard（OGS）？ and corresponding thresholds for outbreak detection. Data for infectious disease were organized by calendar week and year. The ？Mean＋2 SD？, C1, C2, moving average（MA）, seasonal model（SM）, and cumulative sum（CUSUM） algorithms were applied. Outbreak signals for the predicted value（Px） were calculated using a percentile-based moving window. When the outbreak signals generated by an algorithm were in line with a Px generated outbreak signal for each week, this Px was then defined as the optimized threshold for that algorithm. In this study, six infectious diseases were selected and classified into TYPE A（chickenpox and mumps）, TYPE B（influenza and rubella） and TYPE C [hand foot and mouth disease（HFMD） and scarlet fever]. Optimized thresholds for chickenpox（P_（55））, mumps（P_（50））, influenza（P_（40）, P_（55）, and P_（75））, rubella（P_（45） and P_（75））, HFMD（P_（65） and P_（70））, and scarlet fever（P_（75） and P_（80）） were identified. The C1, C2, CUSUM, SM, and MA algorithms were appropriate for TYPE A. All 6 algorithms were appropriate for TYPE B. C1 and CUSUM algorithms were appropriate for TYPE C. It is critical to incorporate more flexible algorithms as OGS into the CIDRAS and to identify the proper OGS and corresponding recommended optimized threshold by different infectious disease types.展开更多
This study aims to realize the sharing of near-infrared analysis models of lignin and holocellulose content in pulp wood on two different batches of spectrometers and proposes a combined algorithm of SPA-DS,MCUVE-DS a...This study aims to realize the sharing of near-infrared analysis models of lignin and holocellulose content in pulp wood on two different batches of spectrometers and proposes a combined algorithm of SPA-DS,MCUVE-DS and SiPLS-DS.The Successive Projection Algorithm(SPA),the Monte-Carlo of Uninformative Variable Elimination(MCUVE)and the Synergy Interval Partial Least Squares(SiPLS)algorithms are respectively used to reduce the adverse effects of redundant information in the transmission process of the full spectrum DS algorithm model.These three algorithms can improve model transfer accuracy and efficiency and reduce the manpower and material consumption required for modeling.These results show that the modeling effects of the characteristic wavelengths screened by the SPA,MCUVE and SiPLS algorithms are all greatly improved compared with the full-spectrum modeling,in which the SPA-PLS result in the best prediction with RPDs above 6.5 for both components.The three wavelength selection methods combined with the DS algorithm are used to transfer the models of the two instruments.Among them,the MCUVE combined with the DS algorithm has the best transfer effect.After the model transfer,the RMSEP of lignin is 0.701,and the RMSEP of holocellulose is 0.839,which was improved significantly than the full-spectrum model transfer of 0.759 and 0.918.展开更多
The substitution table (S-Box) of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and its properties are key elements in cryptanalysis ciphering. We aim here to propose a straightforward method for the non-linear transformation of...The substitution table (S-Box) of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and its properties are key elements in cryptanalysis ciphering. We aim here to propose a straightforward method for the non-linear transformation of AES S-Box construction. The method reduces the steps needed to compute the multiplicative inverse, and computes the matrices multiplication used in this transformation, without a need to use the characteristic matrix, and the result is a modern method constructing the S-Box.展开更多
The underlying rules for a natural system describing cellular automata are simple, but produce highly complex behavior. A mathematical basis for the spectra of discrete coherent and non-coherent electromagnetic (EM) f...The underlying rules for a natural system describing cellular automata are simple, but produce highly complex behavior. A mathematical basis for the spectra of discrete coherent and non-coherent electromagnetic (EM) frequencies was derived, in which the algorithm exhibits an information distribution according to ratios of 2:3 in 1:2 at a semi-harmonic manner. This generalized music (GM) model shows that energy both in elementary particles and animate systems is semi-harmonic, quantized and discrete. A support for an ontological basis of the Standard Model was found, and indicates that the GM-model underlies the quantum field theory of subatomic particles. The present theory combines quantum mechanics and classical periodic systems, obeys to locality and solves the “hidden variable theory of Bohm”. The discovered pattern of electromagnetic field eigenvalues, within a broad range of discrete frequencies, points at a de Broglie/Bohm type of causal interpretation of quantum mechanics, implying an integral resonant pilot-wave/particle modality. The model has been substantiated by a meta-analysis of measured discrete energies of: 37 different Elementary Particles, 45 different EPR-measurements, zero-point energies of elements and about 450 electromagnetic wave frequencies of cells with a mean accuracy of 0.58%. It has been shown that the GM-scale is frequency-locked with zero-point oscillations, and thereby evidently implies involvement of entanglement.展开更多
With the widespread use of the internet,there is an increasing need to ensure the security and privacy of transmitted data.This has led to an intensified focus on the study of video steganography,which is a technique ...With the widespread use of the internet,there is an increasing need to ensure the security and privacy of transmitted data.This has led to an intensified focus on the study of video steganography,which is a technique that hides data within a video cover to avoid detection.The effectiveness of any steganography method depends on its ability to embed data without altering the original video’s quality while maintaining high efficiency.This paper proposes a new method to video steganography,which involves utilizing a Genetic Algorithm(GA)for identifying the Region of Interest(ROI)in the cover video.The ROI is the area in the video that is the most suitable for data embedding.The secret data is encrypted using the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES),which is a widely accepted encryption standard,before being embedded into the cover video,utilizing up to 10%of the cover video.This process ensures the security and confidentiality of the embedded data.The performance metrics for assessing the proposed method are the Peak Signalto-Noise Ratio(PSNR)and the encoding and decoding time.The results show that the proposed method has a high embedding capacity and efficiency,with a PSNR ranging between 64 and 75 dBs,which indicates that the embedded data is almost indistinguishable from the original video.Additionally,the method can encode and decode data quickly,making it efficient for real-time applications.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10904080)
文摘In this paper, we analyze the features and distinctions of 6 classical algorithms： greedy algorithm （G）, greedy evolution algorithm （GE）, heuristics algorithm （H）, greedy heuristic G （GRE）, integer linear programming algorithm （ILP） and genetic algorithm （GA） to ensure the main influencing factors-the performance of algorithms and the running time of algorithms. What＇s more, we would not only present a research design that aims at gaining deeper understanding about the algorithm classification and its function as well as their distinction, but also make an empirical study in order to obtain a practical range standard that can guide the selection of reduction algorithms. When the size of a test object （product of test requirements and test cases） is smaller than 2000×2000, G algorithm is the commonly recommended algorithm. With the growth of test size, the usage of GE and GRE becomes more general.
文摘In order to improve the data throughput of the advanced encryption standard （AES） IP core while reducing the hardware resource consumption and finally achieving a tradeoff between speed and area, a mixed pipeline architecture and reconfigurable technology for the design and implementation of the AES IP core is proposed. The encryption and decryption processes of the AES algorithm are achieved in the same process within the mixed pipeline structure. According to the finite field characterizations, the Sbox in the AES algorithm is optimized. ShiftRow and MixColumn, which are the main components in AES round transformation, are optimized with the reconfigurable technology. The design is implemented on the Xilinx Virtex2p xc2vp20-7 field programmable gate array （FPGA） device. It can achieve a data throughput above 2.58 Gbit/s, and it only requires 3 233 slices. Compared with other related designs of AES IP cores on the same device, the proposed design can achieve a tradeoff between speed and area, and obtain satisfactory results in both data throughput and hardware resource consumption.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education,Fudan University,China(No.GW2015-1)
文摘The China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System（CIDARS） was successfully implemented and became operational nationwide in 2008. The CIDARS plays an important role in and has been integrated into the routine outbreak monitoring efforts of the Center for Disease Control（CDC） at all levels in China. In the CIDARS, thresholds are determined using the ？Mean＋2SD？ in the early stage which have limitations. This study compared the performance of optimized thresholds defined using the ？Mean ＋2SD？ method to the performance of 5 novel algorithms to select optimal ？Outbreak Gold Standard（OGS）？ and corresponding thresholds for outbreak detection. Data for infectious disease were organized by calendar week and year. The ？Mean＋2 SD？, C1, C2, moving average（MA）, seasonal model（SM）, and cumulative sum（CUSUM） algorithms were applied. Outbreak signals for the predicted value（Px） were calculated using a percentile-based moving window. When the outbreak signals generated by an algorithm were in line with a Px generated outbreak signal for each week, this Px was then defined as the optimized threshold for that algorithm. In this study, six infectious diseases were selected and classified into TYPE A（chickenpox and mumps）, TYPE B（influenza and rubella） and TYPE C [hand foot and mouth disease（HFMD） and scarlet fever]. Optimized thresholds for chickenpox（P_（55））, mumps（P_（50））, influenza（P_（40）, P_（55）, and P_（75））, rubella（P_（45） and P_（75））, HFMD（P_（65） and P_（70））, and scarlet fever（P_（75） and P_（80）） were identified. The C1, C2, CUSUM, SM, and MA algorithms were appropriate for TYPE A. All 6 algorithms were appropriate for TYPE B. C1 and CUSUM algorithms were appropriate for TYPE C. It is critical to incorporate more flexible algorithms as OGS into the CIDRAS and to identify the proper OGS and corresponding recommended optimized threshold by different infectious disease types.
基金The authors are grateful for the support of the Fundamental Research Funds of Research Institute of Forest New Technology,CAF(CAFYBB2019SY039).
文摘This study aims to realize the sharing of near-infrared analysis models of lignin and holocellulose content in pulp wood on two different batches of spectrometers and proposes a combined algorithm of SPA-DS,MCUVE-DS and SiPLS-DS.The Successive Projection Algorithm(SPA),the Monte-Carlo of Uninformative Variable Elimination(MCUVE)and the Synergy Interval Partial Least Squares(SiPLS)algorithms are respectively used to reduce the adverse effects of redundant information in the transmission process of the full spectrum DS algorithm model.These three algorithms can improve model transfer accuracy and efficiency and reduce the manpower and material consumption required for modeling.These results show that the modeling effects of the characteristic wavelengths screened by the SPA,MCUVE and SiPLS algorithms are all greatly improved compared with the full-spectrum modeling,in which the SPA-PLS result in the best prediction with RPDs above 6.5 for both components.The three wavelength selection methods combined with the DS algorithm are used to transfer the models of the two instruments.Among them,the MCUVE combined with the DS algorithm has the best transfer effect.After the model transfer,the RMSEP of lignin is 0.701,and the RMSEP of holocellulose is 0.839,which was improved significantly than the full-spectrum model transfer of 0.759 and 0.918.
文摘The substitution table (S-Box) of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and its properties are key elements in cryptanalysis ciphering. We aim here to propose a straightforward method for the non-linear transformation of AES S-Box construction. The method reduces the steps needed to compute the multiplicative inverse, and computes the matrices multiplication used in this transformation, without a need to use the characteristic matrix, and the result is a modern method constructing the S-Box.
文摘The underlying rules for a natural system describing cellular automata are simple, but produce highly complex behavior. A mathematical basis for the spectra of discrete coherent and non-coherent electromagnetic (EM) frequencies was derived, in which the algorithm exhibits an information distribution according to ratios of 2:3 in 1:2 at a semi-harmonic manner. This generalized music (GM) model shows that energy both in elementary particles and animate systems is semi-harmonic, quantized and discrete. A support for an ontological basis of the Standard Model was found, and indicates that the GM-model underlies the quantum field theory of subatomic particles. The present theory combines quantum mechanics and classical periodic systems, obeys to locality and solves the “hidden variable theory of Bohm”. The discovered pattern of electromagnetic field eigenvalues, within a broad range of discrete frequencies, points at a de Broglie/Bohm type of causal interpretation of quantum mechanics, implying an integral resonant pilot-wave/particle modality. The model has been substantiated by a meta-analysis of measured discrete energies of: 37 different Elementary Particles, 45 different EPR-measurements, zero-point energies of elements and about 450 electromagnetic wave frequencies of cells with a mean accuracy of 0.58%. It has been shown that the GM-scale is frequency-locked with zero-point oscillations, and thereby evidently implies involvement of entanglement.
文摘With the widespread use of the internet,there is an increasing need to ensure the security and privacy of transmitted data.This has led to an intensified focus on the study of video steganography,which is a technique that hides data within a video cover to avoid detection.The effectiveness of any steganography method depends on its ability to embed data without altering the original video’s quality while maintaining high efficiency.This paper proposes a new method to video steganography,which involves utilizing a Genetic Algorithm(GA)for identifying the Region of Interest(ROI)in the cover video.The ROI is the area in the video that is the most suitable for data embedding.The secret data is encrypted using the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES),which is a widely accepted encryption standard,before being embedded into the cover video,utilizing up to 10%of the cover video.This process ensures the security and confidentiality of the embedded data.The performance metrics for assessing the proposed method are the Peak Signalto-Noise Ratio(PSNR)and the encoding and decoding time.The results show that the proposed method has a high embedding capacity and efficiency,with a PSNR ranging between 64 and 75 dBs,which indicates that the embedded data is almost indistinguishable from the original video.Additionally,the method can encode and decode data quickly,making it efficient for real-time applications.
