Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)are promising in building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)and tandem solar cells(TSCs).One of the keys to fabricate high-performance ST-PSCs is depositing efficient trans...Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)are promising in building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)and tandem solar cells(TSCs).One of the keys to fabricate high-performance ST-PSCs is depositing efficient transparent electrodes.Indium tin oxide(ITO)is an excellent transparent conductive oxide with good light transmittance and high conductivity.However,the high sheet resistance of ITO sputtered at room temperature leads to the low fill factor(FF)and poor power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the ST-PSCs.Here,we study the effect of the sputtering temperature on the properties of ITO and the performance of ST-PSCs.We find that when the sputtering temperature increases from the room temperature to 70℃,the crystallinity of the sputtered ITO gradually improves.Therefore,the sheet resistance decreases and the corresponding device performance improves.However,once the sputtering temperature further increases over 70℃,the underlying hole transport layer will be damaged,leading to poor device performance.Therefore,the optimized mild heating temperature of 70℃is applied and we obtain ST-PSCs with a champion PCE of 15.21%.We believe this mild heating assisted sputtering method is applicable in fabricating BIPVs and TSCs.展开更多
This study demonstrates a unique method for fabricating microscale gold bicrystals by combining epitaxial growth and bonding techniques.Single crystal NaCl substrates with different orientations were bonded using AgCl...This study demonstrates a unique method for fabricating microscale gold bicrystals by combining epitaxial growth and bonding techniques.Single crystal NaCl substrates with different orientations were bonded using AgCl,followed by deposition of gold films via high-temperature radio-frequency sputtering with high deposition rate under low vacuum.Wet-polished NaCl substrates allowed the formation of high-quality gold bicrystals by combining the orientations{100}_(Au)||{100}_(NaCl),{110}_(Au)||{110}_(NaCl),and{111}_(Au)||{111}_(NaCl).Electron microscopy confirmed the crystal structure and the isolated GBs.Electromigration tests used grain boundary(GB)diffusion to fabricate microscale break junctions in bicrystal gold films,demonstrating uniform break junctions along isolated GBs.This is in contrast to irregular break junctions in polycrystalline films.The results suggest that specific deposition conditions—high rate,low vacuum,and moisture exposure—are key to achieving high quality bicrystals,offering potential for precise break junction device applications.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179042,U21A2078,and 51902110)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J06021,2019J01057,and 2020J01064)Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University,and Promotion Program for Young and Middle-Aged Teacher in Science and Technology Research of Huaqiao University(ZQN-PY607,ZQN-806).
文摘Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)are promising in building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)and tandem solar cells(TSCs).One of the keys to fabricate high-performance ST-PSCs is depositing efficient transparent electrodes.Indium tin oxide(ITO)is an excellent transparent conductive oxide with good light transmittance and high conductivity.However,the high sheet resistance of ITO sputtered at room temperature leads to the low fill factor(FF)and poor power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the ST-PSCs.Here,we study the effect of the sputtering temperature on the properties of ITO and the performance of ST-PSCs.We find that when the sputtering temperature increases from the room temperature to 70℃,the crystallinity of the sputtered ITO gradually improves.Therefore,the sheet resistance decreases and the corresponding device performance improves.However,once the sputtering temperature further increases over 70℃,the underlying hole transport layer will be damaged,leading to poor device performance.Therefore,the optimized mild heating temperature of 70℃is applied and we obtain ST-PSCs with a champion PCE of 15.21%.We believe this mild heating assisted sputtering method is applicable in fabricating BIPVs and TSCs.
基金supported by a JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)[grant numbers 23H01300 and 23 K25995]JST PRESTO[grant number JPMJPR2094].
文摘This study demonstrates a unique method for fabricating microscale gold bicrystals by combining epitaxial growth and bonding techniques.Single crystal NaCl substrates with different orientations were bonded using AgCl,followed by deposition of gold films via high-temperature radio-frequency sputtering with high deposition rate under low vacuum.Wet-polished NaCl substrates allowed the formation of high-quality gold bicrystals by combining the orientations{100}_(Au)||{100}_(NaCl),{110}_(Au)||{110}_(NaCl),and{111}_(Au)||{111}_(NaCl).Electron microscopy confirmed the crystal structure and the isolated GBs.Electromigration tests used grain boundary(GB)diffusion to fabricate microscale break junctions in bicrystal gold films,demonstrating uniform break junctions along isolated GBs.This is in contrast to irregular break junctions in polycrystalline films.The results suggest that specific deposition conditions—high rate,low vacuum,and moisture exposure—are key to achieving high quality bicrystals,offering potential for precise break junction device applications.
