Self-vibrating systems comprised of active materials have great potential for application in the fields of energy harvesting,actuation,bionic instrumentation,and autonomous robotics.However,it is challenging to obtain...Self-vibrating systems comprised of active materials have great potential for application in the fields of energy harvesting,actuation,bionic instrumentation,and autonomous robotics.However,it is challenging to obtain analytical solutions describing these systems,which hinders analysis and design.In this work,we propose a self-vibrating liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)fiber-spring system exposed to spatially-constant gradient light,and determine analytical solutions for its amplitude and period.First,using a dynamic model of LCE,we obtain the equations governing the self-vibration.Then,we analyze two different motion states and elucidate the mechanism of self-vibration.Subsequently,we derive analytical solutions for the amplitude and frequency using the multi-scale method,and compare the solutions with numerical results.The analytical outcomes are shown to be consistent with the numerical calculations,while taking far less computational time.Our findings reveal the utility of the multi-scale method in describing self-vibration,which may contribute to more efficient and accurate analyses of self-vibrating systems.展开更多
As a crucial component of intelligent chassis systems,air suspension significantly enhances driver comfort and vehicle stability.To further improve the adaptability of commercial vehicles to complex and variable road ...As a crucial component of intelligent chassis systems,air suspension significantly enhances driver comfort and vehicle stability.To further improve the adaptability of commercial vehicles to complex and variable road conditions,this paper proposes a linear motor active suspension with quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)air spring system.Firstly,a dynamic model of the linear motor active suspension with QZS air spring system is established.Secondly,considering the random uncertainties in the linear motor parameters due to manufacturing and environmental factors,a dynamic model and state equations incorporating these uncertainties are constructed using the polynomial chaos expansion(PCE)method.Then,based on H_(2) robust control theory and the Kalman filter,a state feedback control law is derived,accounting for the random parameter uncertainties.Finally,simulation and hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)experimental results demonstrate that the PCE-H_(2) robust controller not only provides better performance in terms of vehicle ride comfort compared to general H_(2) robust controller but also exhibits higher robustness to the effects of random uncertain parameters,resulting in more stable control performance.展开更多
Free vibrations of a beam-mass-spring system with different boundary conditions are analyzed both analyt- ically and numerically. In the analytical analysis, the system is divided into three subsystems and the effects...Free vibrations of a beam-mass-spring system with different boundary conditions are analyzed both analyt- ically and numerically. In the analytical analysis, the system is divided into three subsystems and the effects of the spring and the point mass are considered as internal boundary con- ditions between any two neighboring subsystems. The par- tial differential equations governing the motion of the sub- systems and internal boundary conditions are then solved us- ing the method of separation of variables. In the numerical analysis, the whole system is considered as a single system and the effects of the spring and point mass are introduced using the Dirac delta function. The Galerkin method is then employed to discretize the equation of motion and the result- ing set of ordinary differential equations are solved via eigen- value analysis. Analytical and numerical results are shown to be in very good agreement.展开更多
In order to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the karst aquifers in northern China,time series analyses(correlation and spectral analysis in addition with hydrograph recession analysis)are applied on Baotu Spr...In order to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the karst aquifers in northern China,time series analyses(correlation and spectral analysis in addition with hydrograph recession analysis)are applied on Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring in Jinan karst spring system,a typical karst spring system in northern China.Results show that the auto-correlation coefficient of spring water level reaches the value of 0.2 after 123 days and 117 days for Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring,respectively.The regulation time obtained from the simple spectral density function in the same period is 187 days and 175 days for Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring.The auto-correlation coefficient of spring water level reaches the value of 0.2 in 34-82 days,and regulation time ranges among 40-59 days for every single hydrological year.The delay time between precipitation and spring water level obtained from cross correlation function is around 56 days for the period of 2012-2019,and varies among 30-79 days for every single hydrological year.In addition,the spectral bands in cross amplitude functions and gain functions are small with 0.02,and the values in the coherence functions are small.All these behaviors illustrate that Jinan karst spring system has a strong memory effect,large storage capacity,noticeable regulation effect,and time series analysis is a useful tool for studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of karst spring system in northern China.展开更多
The geothermal waters of south hot spring, small hot spring and Qiaokouba in Chongqing, are all part of the south hot spring geothermal water system. Exploitation has caused a decline in the water levels of the south ...The geothermal waters of south hot spring, small hot spring and Qiaokouba in Chongqing, are all part of the south hot spring geothermal water system. Exploitation has caused a decline in the water levels of the south and small hot springs, which have not flowed naturally for 15 years. Now, bores pump geothermal water to the springs. If the water level drops below the elevation of the rivers, river-water will replenish the geothermal water, destroying this resource. It is therefore an urgent task to model the geothermal water system, to enable sustainable development and continued use of the geothermal water in Qiaokouba. A numerical simulation of the geothermal water system was adopted and a quantitative study on the planning scheme was carried out. A mathematical model was set up to simulate the whole geothermal water system, based on data from the research sites. The model determined the maximum sustainable water yield in Qiaokouba and the two hot springs, and the south hot spring and small hot spring sustainable yields are 1 100 m^3/d and 700 m^3/d from 2006 to 2010, 1 300 m^3/d and 1 000 m^3/d from 2011 to 2015, and 1 500 m^3/d and 1 200 m^3/d from 2016 to 2036. The maximum exploitable yield is 3 300 m^3/d from 2006 to 2036 in Qiaokouba. The model supplies a basis to adequately exploit and effectively protect the geothermal water resources, and to continue to develop the geothermal water as a tourist attraction in Chongqing.展开更多
Springs are vital freshwater sources for rural communities,yet they are increasingly threatened by nutrient enrichment,microbial contamination,and declining ecological integrity.This study assessed the water quality o...Springs are vital freshwater sources for rural communities,yet they are increasingly threatened by nutrient enrichment,microbial contamination,and declining ecological integrity.This study assessed the water quality of Sumber Suko Spring in East Java,Indonesia,through an integrated ecological approach combining physicochemical,microbiological,biological,and hydrological parameters across wet and dry seasons.Physicochemical results showed stable temperature(24.1–26.7°C),near-neutral pH(6.4–6.9),and adequate dissolved oxygen(6.2–7.4 mg/L).However,nitrate concentrations were elevated(39.37–48.16 mg/L),exceeding natural background levels and indicating agricultural leaching,while phosphate values ranged between 0.12–0.21 mg/L.Microbial analysis revealed high total coliform counts(24 CFU/100mL),far above WHO standards,although E.coli was not detected.Plankton analysis identified 10 genera,with Microcystis aeruginosa dominating,particularly in the dry season,signaling risks of eutrophication.Shannon-Wiener diversity indices(H’)ranged from 1.25 to 1.67,with evenness values between 0.43 and 0.56,reflecting low-to-moderate community stability.Hydrological measurements showed seasonal discharge fluctuations from 14.6 L/s in the wet season to 7.8 L/s in the dry season,strongly correlated with rainfall.Overall,the integration of nutrient enrichment,coliform contamination,and cyanobacterial dominance indicates that Sumber Suko Spring is under ecological stress and does not meet drinking water standards without treatment.The findings highlight the urgent need for source protection,disinfection,and continuous monitoring within a water safety plan framework.This study provides evidence-based insights to support local policy alignment with WHO guidelines and emphasizes the importance of community participation in sustaining spring ecosystems for long-term water security.展开更多
The electrode structures in ignition devices for Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants(ECSP) can be classified into fixed and movable types. In movable electrode structures, springs are typically used to push the ...The electrode structures in ignition devices for Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants(ECSP) can be classified into fixed and movable types. In movable electrode structures, springs are typically used to push the electrodes and the propellant. The effects of spring pressure on the ignition and combustion of propellants have not yet been studied. In this paper, a universal testing machine and an electrochemical workstation were firstly utilized to investigate the compressive mechanical property and conductivity of Hydroxylamine Nitrate(HAN)-ECSP. The maximum pressure at which the propellant undergoes elastic deformation is 65 kPa. When the spring pressure increased from 5.1 k Pa to 20.4 kPa, the propellant resistance decreased from 56.8 Ω to 36.8 Ω.Various observation methods were employed to study the process of electrical energy injection and the ignition and combustion characteristics under constant voltage. Appropriately increasing the spring pressure can accelerate the injection of electrical energy into the propellant, increase the electrification current, and thus reduce the initial ignition delay time of the propellant. When the spring pressure is 20.4 kPa, the squeezing speed of the propellant is too fast, making it difficult for the propellant to be adequately heated at the electrode interface, which is unfavorable for ignition. Excessive spring pressure also leads to the accumulation of a large amount of combustion residue on the electrode plate, hindering the mixing and diffusion of hot gases during the second ignition process, preventing the gaseous flame of the propellant. When the spring pressure is 5.1 kPa, improving the working voltage can enhance the repeated ignition characteristics of the propellant.展开更多
Fluid-conveying pipes have been widely used in diverse engineering fields,particularly in aerospace systems,nuclear power plants,oil transportation infrastructure,and biomedical devices.The recent advancements in 3D p...Fluid-conveying pipes have been widely used in diverse engineering fields,particularly in aerospace systems,nuclear power plants,oil transportation infrastructure,and biomedical devices.The recent advancements in 3D printing and materials science have increased research interest in the stability and vibration characteristics of slender pipes fabricated from hard magnetic soft(HMS)materials for magnetic control applications.Although several theoretical investigations have been conducted on magnetically controlled cantilevered fluid-conveying pipes,the understanding of their dynamical behavior in vascular environments remains incomplete.In this study,we investigate the buckling and dynamical behaviors of an HMS pipe under the combined effects of an applied magnetic field and nonlinear distributed spring constraints.By solving the nonlinear governing equation,natural frequencies,critical flow velocities,buckling displacements,and dynamic responses of the HMS pipe conveying fluid are obtained.The analysis reveals that the addition of distributed spring constraints leads to a substantial reduction in both buckling and dynamic displacements of the pipe system.Under constant magnetic field conditions,the pipe exhibits static deformation characteristics even when exposed to flow velocities exceeding the critical threshold for buckling instability.When subjected to an alternating magnetic field,the pipe system exhibits periodic oscillatory behavior across a wide range of flow velocities.This periodic response is characterized by displacement variations that show direct correlation with changes in the magnetic declination angle.Notably,nonlinear resonance phenomena associated with the first-mode natural frequency can occur even when the flow velocity is below the threshold for buckling instability.These results demonstrate that both magnetic field strength and declination angle offer a possible means for adjusting the stability,buckling behavior,and dynamic response of an HMS pipe.展开更多
Self-Centering Piston-Based Braced Frames(SC-PBBFs)are designed to curtail structural damage under severe ground motions.The self-centering mechanism in this bracing mitigates structural damage during an earthquake,th...Self-Centering Piston-Based Braced Frames(SC-PBBFs)are designed to curtail structural damage under severe ground motions.The self-centering mechanism in this bracing mitigates structural damage during an earthquake,thereby reducing post-earthquake repair costs and contributing to seismic resilience.However,non-structural components,particularly those sensitive to floor acceleration,remain vulnerable,resulting in prolonged func-tional recovery times.This paper aims to address this limitation by introducing a novel structural archetype,the Self-Centering Viscous-Based Braced Frame(SC-VBBF),which integrates superelastic shape memory alloy(SMA)bars,viscous dampers(VDs),and friction springs(FSs).A streamlined analytical approach relies on the strength decoupling of VD from other components using aλfactor to design SC-VBBFs.To evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid brace,a set of 4-,8-,and 12-story archetypes equipped with SC-PBBs and SC-VBBFs are simulated in OpenSees and analyzed under various earthquake types,including crustal,subcrustal,and subduction events.The results demonstrate the superior performance of the SC-VBBF withλ≤0.5 system compared to SC-PBBFs in mitigating floor accelerations under design-level earthquakes and improving seismic resilience.展开更多
Based on the lightning monitoring data, automatic and routine weather station observation data in spring （March-May） of 2013 of Sichuan Province, the corresponding relationship between the spatial distribution and t...Based on the lightning monitoring data, automatic and routine weather station observation data in spring （March-May） of 2013 of Sichuan Province, the corresponding relationship between the spatial distribution and the different regions, and the characteristics of atmospheric circulation and evolution of influence the sys- tem were analyzed and summarized. The results show that： the lightning and thunderstorm showed great regional differences in the spring of 2013 in Sichuan Province and the thunderstorm activity period was not the same in different areas. Because of the change of atmospheric circulation, the influence system from March to May corresponding to the thunderstorms in Sichuan tended to be volatile, also.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12172001)the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province(No.2022AH020029)+1 种基金the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2208085Y01 and 2008085QA23)the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province(No.2023-YF129),China.
文摘Self-vibrating systems comprised of active materials have great potential for application in the fields of energy harvesting,actuation,bionic instrumentation,and autonomous robotics.However,it is challenging to obtain analytical solutions describing these systems,which hinders analysis and design.In this work,we propose a self-vibrating liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)fiber-spring system exposed to spatially-constant gradient light,and determine analytical solutions for its amplitude and period.First,using a dynamic model of LCE,we obtain the equations governing the self-vibration.Then,we analyze two different motion states and elucidate the mechanism of self-vibration.Subsequently,we derive analytical solutions for the amplitude and frequency using the multi-scale method,and compare the solutions with numerical results.The analytical outcomes are shown to be consistent with the numerical calculations,while taking far less computational time.Our findings reveal the utility of the multi-scale method in describing self-vibration,which may contribute to more efficient and accurate analyses of self-vibrating systems.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51875256)Open Platform Fund of Human Institute of Technology(Grant No.KFA22009).
文摘As a crucial component of intelligent chassis systems,air suspension significantly enhances driver comfort and vehicle stability.To further improve the adaptability of commercial vehicles to complex and variable road conditions,this paper proposes a linear motor active suspension with quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)air spring system.Firstly,a dynamic model of the linear motor active suspension with QZS air spring system is established.Secondly,considering the random uncertainties in the linear motor parameters due to manufacturing and environmental factors,a dynamic model and state equations incorporating these uncertainties are constructed using the polynomial chaos expansion(PCE)method.Then,based on H_(2) robust control theory and the Kalman filter,a state feedback control law is derived,accounting for the random parameter uncertainties.Finally,simulation and hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)experimental results demonstrate that the PCE-H_(2) robust controller not only provides better performance in terms of vehicle ride comfort compared to general H_(2) robust controller but also exhibits higher robustness to the effects of random uncertain parameters,resulting in more stable control performance.
文摘Free vibrations of a beam-mass-spring system with different boundary conditions are analyzed both analyt- ically and numerically. In the analytical analysis, the system is divided into three subsystems and the effects of the spring and the point mass are considered as internal boundary con- ditions between any two neighboring subsystems. The par- tial differential equations governing the motion of the sub- systems and internal boundary conditions are then solved us- ing the method of separation of variables. In the numerical analysis, the whole system is considered as a single system and the effects of the spring and point mass are introduced using the Dirac delta function. The Galerkin method is then employed to discretize the equation of motion and the result- ing set of ordinary differential equations are solved via eigen- value analysis. Analytical and numerical results are shown to be in very good agreement.
基金This study is supported by the geological survey project:National Glacier and Desertification Remote Sensing Geological Survey(DD20190515)Youth Innovation Fund of China Aero Geophysical Prospecting and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources(2020YFL18).
文摘In order to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the karst aquifers in northern China,time series analyses(correlation and spectral analysis in addition with hydrograph recession analysis)are applied on Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring in Jinan karst spring system,a typical karst spring system in northern China.Results show that the auto-correlation coefficient of spring water level reaches the value of 0.2 after 123 days and 117 days for Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring,respectively.The regulation time obtained from the simple spectral density function in the same period is 187 days and 175 days for Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring.The auto-correlation coefficient of spring water level reaches the value of 0.2 in 34-82 days,and regulation time ranges among 40-59 days for every single hydrological year.The delay time between precipitation and spring water level obtained from cross correlation function is around 56 days for the period of 2012-2019,and varies among 30-79 days for every single hydrological year.In addition,the spectral bands in cross amplitude functions and gain functions are small with 0.02,and the values in the coherence functions are small.All these behaviors illustrate that Jinan karst spring system has a strong memory effect,large storage capacity,noticeable regulation effect,and time series analysis is a useful tool for studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of karst spring system in northern China.
文摘The geothermal waters of south hot spring, small hot spring and Qiaokouba in Chongqing, are all part of the south hot spring geothermal water system. Exploitation has caused a decline in the water levels of the south and small hot springs, which have not flowed naturally for 15 years. Now, bores pump geothermal water to the springs. If the water level drops below the elevation of the rivers, river-water will replenish the geothermal water, destroying this resource. It is therefore an urgent task to model the geothermal water system, to enable sustainable development and continued use of the geothermal water in Qiaokouba. A numerical simulation of the geothermal water system was adopted and a quantitative study on the planning scheme was carried out. A mathematical model was set up to simulate the whole geothermal water system, based on data from the research sites. The model determined the maximum sustainable water yield in Qiaokouba and the two hot springs, and the south hot spring and small hot spring sustainable yields are 1 100 m^3/d and 700 m^3/d from 2006 to 2010, 1 300 m^3/d and 1 000 m^3/d from 2011 to 2015, and 1 500 m^3/d and 1 200 m^3/d from 2016 to 2036. The maximum exploitable yield is 3 300 m^3/d from 2006 to 2036 in Qiaokouba. The model supplies a basis to adequately exploit and effectively protect the geothermal water resources, and to continue to develop the geothermal water as a tourist attraction in Chongqing.
文摘Springs are vital freshwater sources for rural communities,yet they are increasingly threatened by nutrient enrichment,microbial contamination,and declining ecological integrity.This study assessed the water quality of Sumber Suko Spring in East Java,Indonesia,through an integrated ecological approach combining physicochemical,microbiological,biological,and hydrological parameters across wet and dry seasons.Physicochemical results showed stable temperature(24.1–26.7°C),near-neutral pH(6.4–6.9),and adequate dissolved oxygen(6.2–7.4 mg/L).However,nitrate concentrations were elevated(39.37–48.16 mg/L),exceeding natural background levels and indicating agricultural leaching,while phosphate values ranged between 0.12–0.21 mg/L.Microbial analysis revealed high total coliform counts(24 CFU/100mL),far above WHO standards,although E.coli was not detected.Plankton analysis identified 10 genera,with Microcystis aeruginosa dominating,particularly in the dry season,signaling risks of eutrophication.Shannon-Wiener diversity indices(H’)ranged from 1.25 to 1.67,with evenness values between 0.43 and 0.56,reflecting low-to-moderate community stability.Hydrological measurements showed seasonal discharge fluctuations from 14.6 L/s in the wet season to 7.8 L/s in the dry season,strongly correlated with rainfall.Overall,the integration of nutrient enrichment,coliform contamination,and cyanobacterial dominance indicates that Sumber Suko Spring is under ecological stress and does not meet drinking water standards without treatment.The findings highlight the urgent need for source protection,disinfection,and continuous monitoring within a water safety plan framework.This study provides evidence-based insights to support local policy alignment with WHO guidelines and emphasizes the importance of community participation in sustaining spring ecosystems for long-term water security.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T222100,22205258,52302485 and 2024JJ5404).
文摘The electrode structures in ignition devices for Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants(ECSP) can be classified into fixed and movable types. In movable electrode structures, springs are typically used to push the electrodes and the propellant. The effects of spring pressure on the ignition and combustion of propellants have not yet been studied. In this paper, a universal testing machine and an electrochemical workstation were firstly utilized to investigate the compressive mechanical property and conductivity of Hydroxylamine Nitrate(HAN)-ECSP. The maximum pressure at which the propellant undergoes elastic deformation is 65 kPa. When the spring pressure increased from 5.1 k Pa to 20.4 kPa, the propellant resistance decreased from 56.8 Ω to 36.8 Ω.Various observation methods were employed to study the process of electrical energy injection and the ignition and combustion characteristics under constant voltage. Appropriately increasing the spring pressure can accelerate the injection of electrical energy into the propellant, increase the electrification current, and thus reduce the initial ignition delay time of the propellant. When the spring pressure is 20.4 kPa, the squeezing speed of the propellant is too fast, making it difficult for the propellant to be adequately heated at the electrode interface, which is unfavorable for ignition. Excessive spring pressure also leads to the accumulation of a large amount of combustion residue on the electrode plate, hindering the mixing and diffusion of hot gases during the second ignition process, preventing the gaseous flame of the propellant. When the spring pressure is 5.1 kPa, improving the working voltage can enhance the repeated ignition characteristics of the propellant.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through grant numbers 12325201 and 52205594.
文摘Fluid-conveying pipes have been widely used in diverse engineering fields,particularly in aerospace systems,nuclear power plants,oil transportation infrastructure,and biomedical devices.The recent advancements in 3D printing and materials science have increased research interest in the stability and vibration characteristics of slender pipes fabricated from hard magnetic soft(HMS)materials for magnetic control applications.Although several theoretical investigations have been conducted on magnetically controlled cantilevered fluid-conveying pipes,the understanding of their dynamical behavior in vascular environments remains incomplete.In this study,we investigate the buckling and dynamical behaviors of an HMS pipe under the combined effects of an applied magnetic field and nonlinear distributed spring constraints.By solving the nonlinear governing equation,natural frequencies,critical flow velocities,buckling displacements,and dynamic responses of the HMS pipe conveying fluid are obtained.The analysis reveals that the addition of distributed spring constraints leads to a substantial reduction in both buckling and dynamic displacements of the pipe system.Under constant magnetic field conditions,the pipe exhibits static deformation characteristics even when exposed to flow velocities exceeding the critical threshold for buckling instability.When subjected to an alternating magnetic field,the pipe system exhibits periodic oscillatory behavior across a wide range of flow velocities.This periodic response is characterized by displacement variations that show direct correlation with changes in the magnetic declination angle.Notably,nonlinear resonance phenomena associated with the first-mode natural frequency can occur even when the flow velocity is below the threshold for buckling instability.These results demonstrate that both magnetic field strength and declination angle offer a possible means for adjusting the stability,buckling behavior,and dynamic response of an HMS pipe.
文摘Self-Centering Piston-Based Braced Frames(SC-PBBFs)are designed to curtail structural damage under severe ground motions.The self-centering mechanism in this bracing mitigates structural damage during an earthquake,thereby reducing post-earthquake repair costs and contributing to seismic resilience.However,non-structural components,particularly those sensitive to floor acceleration,remain vulnerable,resulting in prolonged func-tional recovery times.This paper aims to address this limitation by introducing a novel structural archetype,the Self-Centering Viscous-Based Braced Frame(SC-VBBF),which integrates superelastic shape memory alloy(SMA)bars,viscous dampers(VDs),and friction springs(FSs).A streamlined analytical approach relies on the strength decoupling of VD from other components using aλfactor to design SC-VBBFs.To evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid brace,a set of 4-,8-,and 12-story archetypes equipped with SC-PBBs and SC-VBBFs are simulated in OpenSees and analyzed under various earthquake types,including crustal,subcrustal,and subduction events.The results demonstrate the superior performance of the SC-VBBF withλ≤0.5 system compared to SC-PBBFs in mitigating floor accelerations under design-level earthquakes and improving seismic resilience.
文摘Based on the lightning monitoring data, automatic and routine weather station observation data in spring （March-May） of 2013 of Sichuan Province, the corresponding relationship between the spatial distribution and the different regions, and the characteristics of atmospheric circulation and evolution of influence the sys- tem were analyzed and summarized. The results show that： the lightning and thunderstorm showed great regional differences in the spring of 2013 in Sichuan Province and the thunderstorm activity period was not the same in different areas. Because of the change of atmospheric circulation, the influence system from March to May corresponding to the thunderstorms in Sichuan tended to be volatile, also.
