By combining of the second gradient operator, the second class of integral theorems, the Gaussian-curvature-based integral theorems and the Gaussian （or spherical） mapping, a series of invariants or geometric conser...By combining of the second gradient operator, the second class of integral theorems, the Gaussian-curvature-based integral theorems and the Gaussian （or spherical） mapping, a series of invariants or geometric conservation quantities under Gaussian （or spherical） mapping are revealed. From these mapping invariants important transformations between original curved surface and the spherical surface are derived. The potential applications of these invariants and transformations to geometry are discussed展开更多
OBJECTIVE We aimed identification of cell surface molecules, which might serve as diagnostic biomarkers or useful targets for therapies, in breast cancer. METHODS We developed unique DNA microarray coupled with spheri...OBJECTIVE We aimed identification of cell surface molecules, which might serve as diagnostic biomarkers or useful targets for therapies, in breast cancer. METHODS We developed unique DNA microarray coupled with spherical self-organizing map （sSOM） analysis to characterize cells and tissues by the cell surface markers. In the microarray 1,797 probes for human genes coding membrane bound proteins were spotted. With this microarray the gene expression profiles of eight breast carcinoma cell lines were compared to identify the genes that were commonly expressed in breast carcinomas but not in normal cells. RESULTS The gene expression profiles of sSOM from the eight breast carcinoma cell lines were successfully distinguished from that of normal breast tissue derived cells suggesting the presence of genes of interest, sSOMon the data extensively filtered revealed several candidate genes, of which expression was significant in carcinoma cells but low in normal cells. Finally, TM9SF2 was nominated through validations of PCR procedures together with CD24 and ErbB3, which are known breast carcinoma markers. TMgSF2 expression was further confirmed by immunological staining. Interestingly, TMgSF2 was found to be expressed in all the cell lines evaluated while CD24 and ErbB3 were not in all of the carcinoma cells, supporting their relationship in sSOM. Although physiological significance of TMgSF2 is unknown yet, siRNA treatment significantly inhibited the growth of MDA- MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION We propose TM9SF2 as a novel and useful diagnostic marker as well as a potential molecular target specific to breast carcinoma cells covering wide range of breast cancer.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10572076)
文摘By combining of the second gradient operator, the second class of integral theorems, the Gaussian-curvature-based integral theorems and the Gaussian （or spherical） mapping, a series of invariants or geometric conservation quantities under Gaussian （or spherical） mapping are revealed. From these mapping invariants important transformations between original curved surface and the spherical surface are derived. The potential applications of these invariants and transformations to geometry are discussed
基金supported by the Grantin-Aid for scientific research(B)No.18300164"Screening of carcinoma cell surface markers and its application in molecular targeting with bionanocapsules"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS).
文摘OBJECTIVE We aimed identification of cell surface molecules, which might serve as diagnostic biomarkers or useful targets for therapies, in breast cancer. METHODS We developed unique DNA microarray coupled with spherical self-organizing map （sSOM） analysis to characterize cells and tissues by the cell surface markers. In the microarray 1,797 probes for human genes coding membrane bound proteins were spotted. With this microarray the gene expression profiles of eight breast carcinoma cell lines were compared to identify the genes that were commonly expressed in breast carcinomas but not in normal cells. RESULTS The gene expression profiles of sSOM from the eight breast carcinoma cell lines were successfully distinguished from that of normal breast tissue derived cells suggesting the presence of genes of interest, sSOMon the data extensively filtered revealed several candidate genes, of which expression was significant in carcinoma cells but low in normal cells. Finally, TM9SF2 was nominated through validations of PCR procedures together with CD24 and ErbB3, which are known breast carcinoma markers. TMgSF2 expression was further confirmed by immunological staining. Interestingly, TMgSF2 was found to be expressed in all the cell lines evaluated while CD24 and ErbB3 were not in all of the carcinoma cells, supporting their relationship in sSOM. Although physiological significance of TMgSF2 is unknown yet, siRNA treatment significantly inhibited the growth of MDA- MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION We propose TM9SF2 as a novel and useful diagnostic marker as well as a potential molecular target specific to breast carcinoma cells covering wide range of breast cancer.
