With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raisin...With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.展开更多
We prove that a Cl-generic volume-preserving dynamical system （diffeomor- phism or flow） has the shadowing property or is expansive or has the weak specification property if and only if it is Anosov. Finally, as in ...We prove that a Cl-generic volume-preserving dynamical system （diffeomor- phism or flow） has the shadowing property or is expansive or has the weak specification property if and only if it is Anosov. Finally, as in [10, 27], we prove that the Cl-robustness, within the volume-preserving context, of the expansiveness property and the weak specifica- tion property, imply that the dynamical system （diffeomorphism or flow） is Anosov.展开更多
This article contains a system conversion from object oriented design into Software Product Line (SPL) using delta modeling of Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS). ABS is a modeling language which targets system w...This article contains a system conversion from object oriented design into Software Product Line (SPL) using delta modeling of Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS). ABS is a modeling language which targets system with high level of variety and supports SPL development with delta modeling. The case study of this thesis is a digital library system called Library Automation and Digital Archive (LONTAR). Originally, LONTAR only uses SOAP-based web service. With ABS, LONTAR will be converted into SPL and implement another web service called REST. The motivation of this conversion of LONTAR from object oriented into SPL is because it is easier to develop system with ABS than using regular object oriented. Product definition in ABS is relatively easier than creating a new subclass and do customization to make it works well.展开更多
Z has become recognized as a very effective formal specification language in improving the quality of software and ensuring the cost effectiveness of the development process. This paper presents part of a case study ...Z has become recognized as a very effective formal specification language in improving the quality of software and ensuring the cost effectiveness of the development process. This paper presents part of a case study of Z notations, ClericalTemps, which is an agency that provides a clerical help to its clients.展开更多
A system for fully automatic selection of welding specifications in resistance welding equipment has been developed to address the problem of workers frequently choosing the wrong specifications during manual welding ...A system for fully automatic selection of welding specifications in resistance welding equipment has been developed to address the problem of workers frequently choosing the wrong specifications during manual welding of multiple parts on a single machine in automobile factories. The system incorporates an automatic recognition system for different workpiece materials using the added machine fixture,visual detection system for nuts and bolts,and secondary graphical confirmation to ensure the correctness of specification calling. This system achieves reliable,fully automatic selection of welding specifications in resistance welding equipment and has shown significant effects in improving welding quality for massproduced workpieces,while solving the problem of specification calling errors that can occur with traditional methods involving process charts and code adjustments. This system is particularly suitable for promoting applications in manual welding of multiple parts on a single machine in automobile factories,ensuring correct specification calling and welding quality.展开更多
This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through...This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through natural orifices,combining endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and full-thickness resection(EFTR)techniques,aimed at curing the disease while maximizing the preservation of the structure and function of the colorectal organs.The article specifies that this technique is suitable for early colon cancer,early rectal cancer,and locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy,detailing its indications and contraindications.It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary team(MDT)assessment,meticulous preoperative imaging and endoscopic evaluation,standardized intraoperative procedures(including marking,dissection,traction,full-thickness resection,and wound closure),as well as rigorous postoperative management and follow-up processes.Additionally,the expert consensus highlights the need for a strong focus on infection prevention and the establishment of standardized training and quality control systems to promote the safe and standardized application of this difficult endoscopic technique.展开更多
Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,...Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,a new-type distribution network digital twin topology modeling method based on Common Information Model(CIM)specifications and spectral clustering is proposed.Firstly,according to the specifications of the CIM standard,the digital twin topology models of distributed resources are extended and established.Secondly,based on the digital twin topology models of distributed resources,a digital twin aggregation modelling method for new-type distribution network is proposed based on spectral clustering.Furthermore,an online linked update strategy for the digital twin model of new-type distribution network that integrates real-time topology states is proposed.Finally,a case study is conducted on a distribution network in a certain demonstration area in China,and the results verify the practicability and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.This lays the foundation for the application of electrical network twin analysis,such as power flow calculation,optimal power flow,economic dispatch,and safety check,in a new-type distribution network that includes diversified distributed resources.展开更多
Objective:To assess aptamer-based assays for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI).Methods:Literature from Medline,ScienceDirect,and Scopus,covering publications from January 1,2012,to December 31,2023,was ex...Objective:To assess aptamer-based assays for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI).Methods:Literature from Medline,ScienceDirect,and Scopus,covering publications from January 1,2012,to December 31,2023,was examined.This review evaluates different aptamers,biomarkers,sample types,sample sizes,reference assays,and the assays'sensitivity and specificity.By using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2,the risk of bias in each study was evaluated.Results:Aptamer-based assays generally showed a sensitivity of 90%(95%CI:75%-100%)and specificity of 90%(95%CI:50%-100%),where optical aptasensor showed the highest sensitivity and specificity at 100%.Serum samples were frequently used to enhance antigen detectability,improving the assay’s performance.Meanwhile,HspX was the most studied biomarker,followed by MPT64,and IFN-γ.Conclusions:Aptamer-based assays could be reliable alternatives to current LTBI detection methods,but further research is needed to validate their clinical efficacy.展开更多
Proteases,with their extensive sources and remarkable characteristics such as high catalytic efficiency,substrate specificity,and species diversity,have long attracted widespread attention and are widely applied in va...Proteases,with their extensive sources and remarkable characteristics such as high catalytic efficiency,substrate specificity,and species diversity,have long attracted widespread attention and are widely applied in various fields including food processing,detergent production,pharmaceutical,and environmental protection;these enzymes can hydrolyze proteins into peptides and amino acids,thereby participating in crucial physiological activities like digestion and immune regulation,and playing an indispensable role in maintaining the health and daily life of organisms.Moreover,through artificial synthesis of the required proteases,it is possible to achieve efficient large-scale expression and production,which significantly reduces industrial costs,making them more economically viable in practical applications.This paper provides a comprehensive review of proteases,covering their classification,sources,structure-activity relationships,and industrial applications,and constructs a closed-loop analytical framework based on“basic characteristics,production technology,and practical application”to systematically organize and analyze the relevant information;in particular,it quantitatively compares the advantages and defects of expression systems using Escherichia coli,yeast,and Bacillus subtilis,which not only deepens the understanding of these systems but also provides valuable theoretical support for the rational selection of expression vectors in different scenarios,and introduces their development prospects in food,medicine,environmental protection,and related fields.The insights provided herein offer specific directions for future applied research on artificially engineered proteases.展开更多
Objective:Given the improved sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for detecting ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS),the omission of routine mammography(MG)or digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT)in high-risk breast ca...Objective:Given the improved sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for detecting ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS),the omission of routine mammography(MG)or digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT)in high-risk breast cancer screening is under consideration.We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the screening sensitivity of MRI,MG and DBT for detecting DCIS in high-risk females.Methods:PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting the sensitivity of detecting DCIS in high-risk females up to July 02,2025.Study quality was assessed with quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2(QUADAS-2).Pooled sensitivity was estimated using a random-effects model,overall and stratified by age(<40 and≥40 years old)and BRCA status(BRCA1 and BRCA2).Meta-regression was used to compare modalities.Results:Seventeen studies(18,348 participants,211 with DCIS)were included.MRI showed significantly higher pooled sensitivity[85%,95%confidence interval(95%CI):74%-94%]than MG(36%,95%CI:23%-50%;P<0.001).No DBT data were available.Combined MRI and MG yielded the highest sensitivity(99%,95%CI:97%-100%),but offered no significant gain over MRI alone in females<40 years old(P=0.091)and in BRCA1mutation carriers(P=0.143).Conclusions:MRI is more sensitive than MG for DCIS detection in high-risk females.In females<40 years old and BRCA1 mutation carriers,adding MG to MRI provides no additional diagnostic value.Considering the potential trade-offs,the routine use of MG in these subgroups should be carefully reconsidered.展开更多
Farmland ecosystems are the primary ecosystem type in inland river basins,providing the biological and material basis for human development and survival.The foundation for monetizing the value of agricultural ecologic...Farmland ecosystems are the primary ecosystem type in inland river basins,providing the biological and material basis for human development and survival.The foundation for monetizing the value of agricultural ecological products and transforming green mountains into gold mountains is the precise assessment of ecosystem products in specific geographic units(VEP)within farmland ecosystems,which elucidates regional agricultural resource endowments and spatial distribution.However,agricultural ecological products face challenges in valuation,trading,and monetization,and research on pathways for their value transformation remains limited.This study uses Zhangye City in inland river basins as an example to construct a catalog of farmland ecosystem ecological products and explores VEP accounting methods based on multi-source data,including statistical,remote sensing,and monitoring data,at the city and county scales,and analyzes differentiated value transformation pathways according to the attributes of various agricultural ecological products.The results show that material supply value ranks highest among the VEP of farmland ecosystems in inland river basins,followed by regulatory services,while recreational agriculture value ranks lowest.The ranking of VEP varies from the ranking of farmland ecosystem area,with available agricultural water being a major constraint on the VEP of farmland ecosystems in inland river basins.Regional climate,geographic position,and transportation are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within material supply products.Precipitation,soil structure,and cropping patterns are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within regulatory services.The local cultural resources and tourism infrastructure are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within cultural services.Regarding the pathways for achieving the value of agricultural ecological products,market-oriented strategies dominate the mainstay of material supply products,government-led mechanisms are pivotal for regulatory service products,and a combination of government and market strategies is essential for cultural service products.展开更多
Coherence analysis is a powerful tool in seismic interpretation for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and fractures. However, subtle faults or fractures of one stratum are difficult to be distinguished...Coherence analysis is a powerful tool in seismic interpretation for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and fractures. However, subtle faults or fractures of one stratum are difficult to be distinguished on coherence sections （time slices or profiles） due to interferences from adjacent strata, especially these with strong reflectivity. In this paper, we propose a coherence enhancement method which applies local histogram specification （LHS） techniques to enhance subtle faults or fractures in the coherence cubes. Unlike the traditional histogram specification （HS） algorithm, our method processes 3D coherence data without discretization. This method partitions a coherence cube into many sub-blocks and self-adaptively specifies the target distribution in each block based on the whole distribution of the coherence cube. Furthermore, the neighboring blocks are partially overlapped to reduce the edge effect. Applications to real datasets show that the new method enhances the details of subtle faults and fractures noticeably.展开更多
s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of ...s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of integrated climate effect within shelterbelt net were analyzed, through located observation of meteorological factors. Within the shelterbelt net, the area with more than 10% efficiency of omnibearing wind check was determined as benefited area. The analysis of yield and quality of crops indicated that the sheltering range of shelterbelt net was 25 times tree height. The mature heights of the various varieties of poplar composed the shelterbelts were determined according to their height growth. Based on the comprehensive analysis above, the suitable size of farmland shelterbelt net in Northeastern Plain of China was decided to be 400 m×400 m.展开更多
Traditional air conditioner used to be in local control mode. However, with the development of modern information technology, the control of air conditioner will have to support many more functions. As a first step ...Traditional air conditioner used to be in local control mode. However, with the development of modern information technology, the control of air conditioner will have to support many more functions. As a first step in such a development, we have implemented a remote monitoring system of unitary air conditioners, using the manufacturing message specification (MMS). MMS is an OSI application protocol designed for the remote control and monitoring of real devices. The functions supported are those that an operator would do normally at the console of the unitary air conditioner. Due to the accomplishment of UMCS (Unitary air conditioner MMS Control System), there will be a leap of the application of MMS and the control technology of unitary air conditioner.展开更多
On the software module, this paper proposes a visual specification language(VSL). Based on decomposition, the language imitates men's thinking procedure that decomposes aproblem into smaller ones, then independent...On the software module, this paper proposes a visual specification language(VSL). Based on decomposition, the language imitates men's thinking procedure that decomposes aproblem into smaller ones, then independently solves the results of every small problem to get theresult of original problem (decomposition and synthesis). Besides, the language mixes visual withspecification. With computer supporting, we can implement the software module automatically. It willgreatly improve the quality of software and raise the efficiency of software development. Thesimple definition of VSL, the principle of auto-generation, an example and the future research areintroduced.展开更多
This paper analyzes the applications of four air terminal device（ATD）models（i.e.,the basic model,the box model,the N-point momentum model,the jet main region specification model）in computational fluid dynamics（CF...This paper analyzes the applications of four air terminal device（ATD）models（i.e.,the basic model,the box model,the N-point momentum model,the jet main region specification model）in computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation and their performance in case study.A full-scale experiment is performed in an environment chamber,and the measured air velocity and temperature fields are compared with the simulation results by using four ATD models.The velocity and temperature fields are measured by an omni-directional thermo-anemometer system.It demonstrates that the basic model and the box model are not applicable to complicated air terminal devices.At the occupant area,the relative errors between simulated and measured air velocities are less than 20% based on the N-point momentum model and the jet main region specification model.Around the ATD zone,the relative error between the numerical and measured air velocity based on the jet main region specification model is less than 15%.The jet main region specification model is proved to be an applicable approach and a more accurate way to study the airflow pattern around the ATD with complicated geometry.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security,Ministry of Education of China(KLCS20240211)。
文摘With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.
基金partially supported by National Funds through FCT-"Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia",(PEst-OE/MAT/UI0212/2011)supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry,ICT&Future Planning(No.2014R1A1A1A05002124)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11301018 and 11371046)
文摘We prove that a Cl-generic volume-preserving dynamical system （diffeomor- phism or flow） has the shadowing property or is expansive or has the weak specification property if and only if it is Anosov. Finally, as in [10, 27], we prove that the Cl-robustness, within the volume-preserving context, of the expansiveness property and the weak specifica- tion property, imply that the dynamical system （diffeomorphism or flow） is Anosov.
文摘This article contains a system conversion from object oriented design into Software Product Line (SPL) using delta modeling of Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS). ABS is a modeling language which targets system with high level of variety and supports SPL development with delta modeling. The case study of this thesis is a digital library system called Library Automation and Digital Archive (LONTAR). Originally, LONTAR only uses SOAP-based web service. With ABS, LONTAR will be converted into SPL and implement another web service called REST. The motivation of this conversion of LONTAR from object oriented into SPL is because it is easier to develop system with ABS than using regular object oriented. Product definition in ABS is relatively easier than creating a new subclass and do customization to make it works well.
文摘Z has become recognized as a very effective formal specification language in improving the quality of software and ensuring the cost effectiveness of the development process. This paper presents part of a case study of Z notations, ClericalTemps, which is an agency that provides a clerical help to its clients.
文摘A system for fully automatic selection of welding specifications in resistance welding equipment has been developed to address the problem of workers frequently choosing the wrong specifications during manual welding of multiple parts on a single machine in automobile factories. The system incorporates an automatic recognition system for different workpiece materials using the added machine fixture,visual detection system for nuts and bolts,and secondary graphical confirmation to ensure the correctness of specification calling. This system achieves reliable,fully automatic selection of welding specifications in resistance welding equipment and has shown significant effects in improving welding quality for massproduced workpieces,while solving the problem of specification calling errors that can occur with traditional methods involving process charts and code adjustments. This system is particularly suitable for promoting applications in manual welding of multiple parts on a single machine in automobile factories,ensuring correct specification calling and welding quality.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.:2022YFC2503600)。
文摘This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through natural orifices,combining endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and full-thickness resection(EFTR)techniques,aimed at curing the disease while maximizing the preservation of the structure and function of the colorectal organs.The article specifies that this technique is suitable for early colon cancer,early rectal cancer,and locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy,detailing its indications and contraindications.It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary team(MDT)assessment,meticulous preoperative imaging and endoscopic evaluation,standardized intraoperative procedures(including marking,dissection,traction,full-thickness resection,and wound closure),as well as rigorous postoperative management and follow-up processes.Additionally,the expert consensus highlights the need for a strong focus on infection prevention and the establishment of standardized training and quality control systems to promote the safe and standardized application of this difficult endoscopic technique.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(5108-202218280A-2-396-XG).
文摘Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,a new-type distribution network digital twin topology modeling method based on Common Information Model(CIM)specifications and spectral clustering is proposed.Firstly,according to the specifications of the CIM standard,the digital twin topology models of distributed resources are extended and established.Secondly,based on the digital twin topology models of distributed resources,a digital twin aggregation modelling method for new-type distribution network is proposed based on spectral clustering.Furthermore,an online linked update strategy for the digital twin model of new-type distribution network that integrates real-time topology states is proposed.Finally,a case study is conducted on a distribution network in a certain demonstration area in China,and the results verify the practicability and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.This lays the foundation for the application of electrical network twin analysis,such as power flow calculation,optimal power flow,economic dispatch,and safety check,in a new-type distribution network that includes diversified distributed resources.
基金supported by Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE)Grant(A305-KR-AKH002-0000000278-K134)from the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia.
文摘Objective:To assess aptamer-based assays for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI).Methods:Literature from Medline,ScienceDirect,and Scopus,covering publications from January 1,2012,to December 31,2023,was examined.This review evaluates different aptamers,biomarkers,sample types,sample sizes,reference assays,and the assays'sensitivity and specificity.By using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2,the risk of bias in each study was evaluated.Results:Aptamer-based assays generally showed a sensitivity of 90%(95%CI:75%-100%)and specificity of 90%(95%CI:50%-100%),where optical aptasensor showed the highest sensitivity and specificity at 100%.Serum samples were frequently used to enhance antigen detectability,improving the assay’s performance.Meanwhile,HspX was the most studied biomarker,followed by MPT64,and IFN-γ.Conclusions:Aptamer-based assays could be reliable alternatives to current LTBI detection methods,but further research is needed to validate their clinical efficacy.
文摘Proteases,with their extensive sources and remarkable characteristics such as high catalytic efficiency,substrate specificity,and species diversity,have long attracted widespread attention and are widely applied in various fields including food processing,detergent production,pharmaceutical,and environmental protection;these enzymes can hydrolyze proteins into peptides and amino acids,thereby participating in crucial physiological activities like digestion and immune regulation,and playing an indispensable role in maintaining the health and daily life of organisms.Moreover,through artificial synthesis of the required proteases,it is possible to achieve efficient large-scale expression and production,which significantly reduces industrial costs,making them more economically viable in practical applications.This paper provides a comprehensive review of proteases,covering their classification,sources,structure-activity relationships,and industrial applications,and constructs a closed-loop analytical framework based on“basic characteristics,production technology,and practical application”to systematically organize and analyze the relevant information;in particular,it quantitatively compares the advantages and defects of expression systems using Escherichia coli,yeast,and Bacillus subtilis,which not only deepens the understanding of these systems but also provides valuable theoretical support for the rational selection of expression vectors in different scenarios,and introduces their development prospects in food,medicine,environmental protection,and related fields.The insights provided herein offer specific directions for future applied research on artificially engineered proteases.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(No.202306100039 and No.202107930008)。
文摘Objective:Given the improved sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for detecting ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS),the omission of routine mammography(MG)or digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT)in high-risk breast cancer screening is under consideration.We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the screening sensitivity of MRI,MG and DBT for detecting DCIS in high-risk females.Methods:PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting the sensitivity of detecting DCIS in high-risk females up to July 02,2025.Study quality was assessed with quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2(QUADAS-2).Pooled sensitivity was estimated using a random-effects model,overall and stratified by age(<40 and≥40 years old)and BRCA status(BRCA1 and BRCA2).Meta-regression was used to compare modalities.Results:Seventeen studies(18,348 participants,211 with DCIS)were included.MRI showed significantly higher pooled sensitivity[85%,95%confidence interval(95%CI):74%-94%]than MG(36%,95%CI:23%-50%;P<0.001).No DBT data were available.Combined MRI and MG yielded the highest sensitivity(99%,95%CI:97%-100%),but offered no significant gain over MRI alone in females<40 years old(P=0.091)and in BRCA1mutation carriers(P=0.143).Conclusions:MRI is more sensitive than MG for DCIS detection in high-risk females.In females<40 years old and BRCA1 mutation carriers,adding MG to MRI provides no additional diagnostic value.Considering the potential trade-offs,the routine use of MG in these subgroups should be carefully reconsidered.
基金supported by Humanities and Social Sciences research project of Ministry of Education(Grant No.24YJCZH342)the Inventory of ecological products and calculation of Gross ecosystem product(GEP)in Zhangye City(Grant No.E4390901)。
文摘Farmland ecosystems are the primary ecosystem type in inland river basins,providing the biological and material basis for human development and survival.The foundation for monetizing the value of agricultural ecological products and transforming green mountains into gold mountains is the precise assessment of ecosystem products in specific geographic units(VEP)within farmland ecosystems,which elucidates regional agricultural resource endowments and spatial distribution.However,agricultural ecological products face challenges in valuation,trading,and monetization,and research on pathways for their value transformation remains limited.This study uses Zhangye City in inland river basins as an example to construct a catalog of farmland ecosystem ecological products and explores VEP accounting methods based on multi-source data,including statistical,remote sensing,and monitoring data,at the city and county scales,and analyzes differentiated value transformation pathways according to the attributes of various agricultural ecological products.The results show that material supply value ranks highest among the VEP of farmland ecosystems in inland river basins,followed by regulatory services,while recreational agriculture value ranks lowest.The ranking of VEP varies from the ranking of farmland ecosystem area,with available agricultural water being a major constraint on the VEP of farmland ecosystems in inland river basins.Regional climate,geographic position,and transportation are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within material supply products.Precipitation,soil structure,and cropping patterns are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within regulatory services.The local cultural resources and tourism infrastructure are linked to the value of agricultural ecosystem products within cultural services.Regarding the pathways for achieving the value of agricultural ecological products,market-oriented strategies dominate the mainstay of material supply products,government-led mechanisms are pivotal for regulatory service products,and a combination of government and market strategies is essential for cultural service products.
基金sponsored by Important National Science and Technology Specific Projects of China (Grant No.2008ZX05023-005-011 and No. 2008ZX05040-003)the National 973 Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB202208)
文摘Coherence analysis is a powerful tool in seismic interpretation for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and fractures. However, subtle faults or fractures of one stratum are difficult to be distinguished on coherence sections （time slices or profiles） due to interferences from adjacent strata, especially these with strong reflectivity. In this paper, we propose a coherence enhancement method which applies local histogram specification （LHS） techniques to enhance subtle faults or fractures in the coherence cubes. Unlike the traditional histogram specification （HS） algorithm, our method processes 3D coherence data without discretization. This method partitions a coherence cube into many sub-blocks and self-adaptively specifies the target distribution in each block based on the whole distribution of the coherence cube. Furthermore, the neighboring blocks are partially overlapped to reduce the edge effect. Applications to real datasets show that the new method enhances the details of subtle faults and fractures noticeably.
文摘s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of integrated climate effect within shelterbelt net were analyzed, through located observation of meteorological factors. Within the shelterbelt net, the area with more than 10% efficiency of omnibearing wind check was determined as benefited area. The analysis of yield and quality of crops indicated that the sheltering range of shelterbelt net was 25 times tree height. The mature heights of the various varieties of poplar composed the shelterbelts were determined according to their height growth. Based on the comprehensive analysis above, the suitable size of farmland shelterbelt net in Northeastern Plain of China was decided to be 400 m×400 m.
文摘Traditional air conditioner used to be in local control mode. However, with the development of modern information technology, the control of air conditioner will have to support many more functions. As a first step in such a development, we have implemented a remote monitoring system of unitary air conditioners, using the manufacturing message specification (MMS). MMS is an OSI application protocol designed for the remote control and monitoring of real devices. The functions supported are those that an operator would do normally at the console of the unitary air conditioner. Due to the accomplishment of UMCS (Unitary air conditioner MMS Control System), there will be a leap of the application of MMS and the control technology of unitary air conditioner.
文摘On the software module, this paper proposes a visual specification language(VSL). Based on decomposition, the language imitates men's thinking procedure that decomposes aproblem into smaller ones, then independently solves the results of every small problem to get theresult of original problem (decomposition and synthesis). Besides, the language mixes visual withspecification. With computer supporting, we can implement the software module automatically. It willgreatly improve the quality of software and raise the efficiency of software development. Thesimple definition of VSL, the principle of auto-generation, an example and the future research areintroduced.
文摘This paper analyzes the applications of four air terminal device（ATD）models（i.e.,the basic model,the box model,the N-point momentum model,the jet main region specification model）in computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation and their performance in case study.A full-scale experiment is performed in an environment chamber,and the measured air velocity and temperature fields are compared with the simulation results by using four ATD models.The velocity and temperature fields are measured by an omni-directional thermo-anemometer system.It demonstrates that the basic model and the box model are not applicable to complicated air terminal devices.At the occupant area,the relative errors between simulated and measured air velocities are less than 20% based on the N-point momentum model and the jet main region specification model.Around the ATD zone,the relative error between the numerical and measured air velocity based on the jet main region specification model is less than 15%.The jet main region specification model is proved to be an applicable approach and a more accurate way to study the airflow pattern around the ATD with complicated geometry.
