An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mod...An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mode area and nonlinear coefficient were investigated by using finite element method(FEM),the evolu-tion of optical pulses propagating along the fiber was simulated,and the supercontinuum and the coherence were analyzed and evaluated under different pumping conditions.The results show that a supercontinuum spectrum with a spectral width of 4.852μm can be obtained in the proposed fiber with d_(1)/Λof 0.125,d_(2)/Λof 0.583 and the zero-dispersion wavelength of 3.228μm by pumping with a Gaussian pulse with a peak power of 800 W and a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 20 fs at wavelength of 3.3μm.When the fiber is pumped by the pulse with the peak power of 2000 W,the FWHM of 80 fs at the wavelength of 4.0μm in the in the anomalous dispersion region,the modulation instability is obviously suppressed,and the high-coher-ence supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.1μm to 8.99μm is observed.A part of the pulse energy is transferred to the anomalous dispersion region when pumped at the wavelength of 2.8μm in the normal dis-persion region and a broadband high-coherence supercontinuum spectrum extending from 0.8μm to 9.8μm is generated in the 10 mm proposed fiber.This paper introduces elliptical air holes in the Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber,which enhances flexibility for tailoring the performance of supercontinuum,ultimately achieving the broadest supercontinuum spectrum with the shortest fiber length to date.展开更多
Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deteri...Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation.Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema(DME),a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula.The development of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)provides highresolution imaging of the anatomy,including the aging of DME and its structural damage,in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema,thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment.The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment.OCT angiography(OCTA)provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution.The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods.This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME,as well as their respective therapeutic applications.展开更多
Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effect...Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.Conventional imaging techniques,such as endoscopy and histopathology,provide valuable diagnostic information but cannot offer real-time assessment.We aim to explore the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT),combined with statistical and machine learning methods,for rapid tumor margin demarcation in gastrointestinal(GI)cancer tissues in exvivo.GI tumor specimens from 17 patients were imaged intraoperatively with OCT.Quantitative features were extracted from the images,and statistical and machine learning analyses were applied to distinguish tissue types.Subsequent histopathological evaluation was used as the reference standard for validation.The combination of OCT imaging and data-driven analysis enables clear differentiation between healthy,marginal and tumor tissues in near real-time.The KNN model achieved the highest classification accuracy(0.921±0.040),with SVM(0.906±0.038)and Extra Trees(0.901±0.034)also demonstrating robust performance in discriminating tissue margins.OCT findings demonstrate strong agreement with histopathology.Integrated with statistical and machine learning techniques,OCT enables rapid assessment of GI tumor margins.This approach provides quantitative objectivity and real-time feedback,closely approximating histopathological analysis and supporting improved surgical decision-making.展开更多
Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatmen...Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatment.Traditionally,diagnosis relies on optical coherence tomography imaging technology interpreted by ophthalmologists.However,this manual image interpretation is often slow and subjective.Therefore,developing automated segmentation for macular edema images is essential to enhance to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy.Methods:In order to improve clinical diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,we proposed a SegNet network structure integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM).This network introduces a multi-scale input module,the CBAM attention mechanism,and jump connection.The multi-scale input module enhances the network’s perceptual capabilities,while the lightweight CBAM effectively fuses relevant features across channels and spatial dimensions,allowing for better learning of varying information levels.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves an IoU of 80.127%and an accuracy of 99.162%.Compared to the traditional segmentation network,this model has fewer parameters,faster training and testing speed,and superior performance on semantic segmentation tasks,indicating its highly practical applicability.Conclusion:The C-SegNet proposed in this study enables accurate segmentation of Diabetic macular edema lesion images,which facilitates quicker diagnosis for healthcare professionals.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This o...AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.展开更多
Internal learning-based video inpainting methods have shown promising results by exploiting the intrinsic properties of the video to fill in the missing region without external dataset supervision.However,existing int...Internal learning-based video inpainting methods have shown promising results by exploiting the intrinsic properties of the video to fill in the missing region without external dataset supervision.However,existing internal learning-based video inpainting methods would produce inconsistent structures or blurry textures due to the insufficient utilisation of motion priors within the video sequence.In this paper,the authors propose a new internal learning-based video inpainting model called appearance consistency and motion coherence network(ACMC-Net),which can not only learn the recurrence of appearance prior but can also capture motion coherence prior to improve the quality of the inpainting results.In ACMC-Net,a transformer-based appearance network is developed to capture global context information within the video frame for representing appearance consistency accurately.Additionally,a novel motion coherence learning scheme is proposed to learn the motion prior in a video sequence effectively.Finally,the learnt internal appearance consistency and motion coherence are implicitly propagated to the missing regions to achieve inpainting well.Extensive experiments conducted on the DAVIS dataset show that the proposed model obtains the superior performance in terms of quantitative measurements and produces more visually plausible results compared with the state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
The spatial-temporal evolution of coherent structures （CS） is significant for turbulence control and drag re- duction. Among the CS, low and high speed streak structures show typical burst phenomena. The analysis wa...The spatial-temporal evolution of coherent structures （CS） is significant for turbulence control and drag re- duction. Among the CS, low and high speed streak structures show typical burst phenomena. The analysis was based on a time series of three-dimensional and three-component （3D-3C） velocity fields of the flat plate turbulent boundary layer （TBL） measured by a Tomographic and Time-resolved PIV （Tomo TRPIV） system. Using multi-resolution wavelet transform and conditional sampling method, we extracted the intrinsic topologies and found that the streak structures appear in bar-like patterns. Furthermore, we seized locations and velocity information of transient CS, and then calculated the propagation velocity of CS based on spatial-temporal cross-correlation scanning. This laid a foundation for further studies on relevant dynamics properties.展开更多
In this work,we study the development,evolution,and migration of turbulent coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer at Reτ=630 using time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TR-PIV).Multiple techniques,inc...In this work,we study the development,evolution,and migration of turbulent coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer at Reτ=630 using time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TR-PIV).Multiple techniques,including multi-scale analysis,conditional averaging,cross-correlation,and spatial-temporal topological analysis are applied to extract the evolution principle,migration trajectory,and convection velocity vector of the targeted coherent structures from a Lagrangian perspective.The spanwise vortex structures with larger scale and intensity at a certain wall-normal height y were the main focus of the present study.In the statistical sense,spanwise vortex structures move away from the wall with the shape changing from a bulge to an ellipse,and finally to a circle.Two straight lines emerge from the mean transfer trajectory curve of the spanwise vortex,in which the horizontal one is located at the viscous sublayer(y^(+)<10),the other is a logarithmic straight line existing in the range of 50<y^(+)<120,and the inclination angle of the tangential migration path is fixed at around 12°.The streamwise convection velocity U_(c)of scaled spanwise vortex structures satisfies U_(c)/U_(∞)=0.5-0.6 below y=0.03δ(i.e.,U^(+)_(c)=11-13 undery^(+)=20).In particular,in the region of 50<y^(+)<120,the velocity growth curves of U_(c)and wall-normal convection velocity V_(c)follow the log-law distribution very well,and the slopes are consistent with that of the log-law region of the turbulent boundary layer.Our observations provide microscopic evidences of the logarithmic-linear distribution of the migration trajectory of spanwise vortex structures.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)indicators in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),and to provide patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN)with more sensitive OCTA scree...AIM:To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)indicators in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),and to provide patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN)with more sensitive OCTA screening indicators to detect concurrent DR at an early stage.METHODS:A total of 200 patients who treated in the ophthalmology department of the Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from 2022 to 2023 were included,including 95 first-diagnosed DR patients and 105 patients without DR,and all patients underwent OCTA examination and a collection of demographics and renal function parameters.After a quality check,automated measurements of the foveal avascular zone area,vessel density(VD),and perfusion density(PD)of both 3 mm×3 mm and 6 mm×6 mm windows were obtained.RESULTS:Using random forest and multivariate Logistic regression methods,we developed a diagnostic model for DR based on 12 variables(age,FBG,SBP,DBP,HbA1c,ALT,ALP,urea/Scr,DM duration,HUA,DN,and CMT).Adding specific OCTA parameters enhanced the efficacy of the existing diagnostic model for DR(outer vessel density in 6 mm×6 mm window,AUC=0.837 vs 0.819,P=0.03).In the study of DN patients,the parameters in the 6 mm×6 mm window improved the diagnostic efficacy of DR(inner VD;outer VD;full VD;outer PD;full PD).CONCLUSION:The outer VD in the 6 mm×6 mm window can enhance the efficacy of the traditional DR diagnostic model.Meanwhile,compared with the 3 mm×3 mm window,the microvascular parameters in the 6 mm×6 mm window focusing on DN patients can be more sensitive to diagnosing the occurrence of DR.展开更多
As a significant city in the Yangtze River Delta regions,Hefei has experienced rapid changes in the sources of air pollution due to its high-speed economic development and urban expansion.However,there has been limite...As a significant city in the Yangtze River Delta regions,Hefei has experienced rapid changes in the sources of air pollution due to its high-speed economic development and urban expansion.However,there has been limited research in recent years on the spatial-temporal distribution and emission of its atmospheric pollutants.To address this,this study conducted mobile observations of urban roads using the Mobile-DOAS instrument from June 2021 to May 2022.The monitoring results exhibit a favourable consistent with TROPOMI satellite data and ground monitoring station data.Temporally,there were pronounced seasonal variations in air pollutants.Spatially,high concentration of HCHO and NO_(2)were closely associated with traffic congestion on roadways,while heightened SO_(2)levels were attributed to winter heating and industrial emissions.The study also revealed that with the implementation of road policies,the average vehicle speed increased by 95.4%,while the NO concentration decreased by 54.4%.In the estimation of urban NO_(x)emission flux,it was observed that in temporal terms,compared with inventory data,the emissions calculated viamobile measurements exhibitedmore distinct seasonal patterns,with the highest emission rate of 349 g/sec in winter and the lowest of 142 g/sec in summer.In spatial terms,the significant difference in emissions between the inner and outer ring roads also suggests the presence of the city’s primary NO_(x)emission sources in the area between these two rings.This study offers data support for formulating the next phase of air pollution control measures in urban areas.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic im...BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management strategies.Vascular and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated damage.With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural changes.AIM To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic neuritis.METHODS This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NMOSD and 17 MOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy controls.Macular vascular density(MVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using OCTA.RESULTS There was a significant reduction in MVD in NMOSD and MOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy controls.NMOSD and MOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy controls.NMOSD unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to MOGAD unaffected eyes.On comparing NMOSD with MOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of MVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected eyes.CONCLUSION Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NMOSD and MOGAD cases.展开更多
AIM:To explore the morphological and functional parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab(IVR)in treating macular edema(ME)secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS:This...AIM:To explore the morphological and functional parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab(IVR)in treating macular edema(ME)secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS:This retrospective study involved 65 RVO patients(65 eyes)who received IVR and were followedup for more than 3mo.ME was categorized into cystoid macular edema(CME),diffuse retinal thickening(DRT),and serous retinal detachment(SRD)according to optical coherence tomography(OCT)images.The comparison of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA;logMAR)and central macular thickness(CMT)among different follow-up points and those among 3 groups were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test.The correlation between BCVA and baseline parameters during treatment was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.RESULTS:BCVA tended to improve in all groups,with marked improvement in CME and DRT groups.CMT showed the greatest reduction after 1wk,and remained stable over the following 3mo.DRT patients had the worst BCVA and the highest CMT at baseline,but the differences became smaller after IVR treatment.CMT in SRD group was significantly better than in CME and DRT groups 3mo after IVR.Most patients of CME and SRD groups transitioned to a normal pattern at 3mo follow-up.DRT patients were most likely to transform into the other morphological groups,while SRD patients showed minimal transitions.BCVA at baseline was identified as the most important prognostic indicator in all 3 groups.Additionally,DRT patients with a longer clinical course,higher CMT and central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)tend to exhibit worse BCVA after treatment.In addition,CRVO patients are more likely to have worse BCVA at 2 and 3mo follow-up compared with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)patients in CME group.SRD patients with higher baseline CMT were prone to experiencing worse BCVA after treatment.CONCLUSION:The effectiveness of IVR is strongly correlated with baseline BCVA in all 3 groups.Baseline parameters including clinical course,CMT,and RVO position are also useful in predicting the BCVA at different time points after treatment.展开更多
The morphological description of wear particles in lubricating oil is crucial for wear state monitoring and fault diagnosis in aero-engines.Accurately and comprehensively acquiring three-dimensional(3D)morphological d...The morphological description of wear particles in lubricating oil is crucial for wear state monitoring and fault diagnosis in aero-engines.Accurately and comprehensively acquiring three-dimensional(3D)morphological data of these particles has became a key focus in wear debris analysis.Herein,we develop a novel multi-view polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography(PS-OCT)method to achieve accurate 3D morphology detection and reconstruction of aero-engine lubricant wear particles,effectively resolving occlusion-induced information loss while enabling material-specific characterization.The particle morphology is captured by multi-view imaging,followed by filtering,sharpening,and contour recognition.The method integrates advanced registration algorithms with Poisson reconstruction to generate high-precision 3D models.This approach not only provides accurate 3D morphological reconstruction but also mitigates information loss caused by particle occlusion,ensuring model completeness.Furthermore,by collecting polarization characteristics of typical metals and their oxides in aero-engine lubricants,this work comprehensively characterizes and comparatively analyzes particle polarization properties using Stokes vectors,polarization uniformity,and cumulative phase retardation,and obtains a three-dimensional model containing polarization information.Ultimately,the proposed method enables multidimensional information acquisition for the reliable identification of abrasive particle types.展开更多
Optical coherence is a fundamental property of light,playing a key role in understanding interference,propagation,and light-matter interactions for both classical and quantum light.Measuring the coherence properties o...Optical coherence is a fundamental property of light,playing a key role in understanding interference,propagation,and light-matter interactions for both classical and quantum light.Measuring the coherence properties of an optical field is crucial for a wide range of applications.However,despite many proposed measurement schemes,significant challenges still remain.In this work,we present a protocol to measure the full-dimensional coherence properties of a partially coherent beam.The method is based on tomographing the complex coherent modes of the partially coherent field within its coherence time.Once the complex coherent modes are reconstructed,all coherence properties including field correlation and its higher-order correlations(e.g.,intensity correlation)can be recovered for beams that are either spatially uniformly or non-uniformly correlated.We perform a proof-of-principle experiment to measure the complex field correlation and intensity correlation of a structured partially coherent beam synthesized by random modes.Additionally,we discuss the application of full-dimensional complex coherence function tomography in coherence-based multi-cipher information security.The robustness of our system in complex environments is also evaluated.展开更多
In the current situation of decelerating economic expansion,examining the digital economy(DE)as a novel economic model is beneficial for the local economy’s sustainable and high-quality development(HQD).We analyzed p...In the current situation of decelerating economic expansion,examining the digital economy(DE)as a novel economic model is beneficial for the local economy’s sustainable and high-quality development(HQD).We analyzed panel data from the Yellow River(YR)region from 2013 to 2021 and discovered notable spatial variances in the composite index and coupling coordination of the two systems.Specifically,the downstream region exhibited the highest coupling coordination,while the upstream region had the lowest.We identified that favorable factors such as economic development,innovation,industrial upgrading,and government intervention can bolster the coupling.Our findings provide a valuable framework for promoting DE and HQD in the YR region.展开更多
Accurate traffic flow prediction has a profound impact on modern traffic management. Traffic flow has complex spatial-temporal correlations and periodicity, which poses difficulties for precise prediction. To address ...Accurate traffic flow prediction has a profound impact on modern traffic management. Traffic flow has complex spatial-temporal correlations and periodicity, which poses difficulties for precise prediction. To address this problem, a Multi-head Self-attention and Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (MSSTGCN) for multiscale traffic flow prediction is proposed. Firstly, to capture the hidden traffic periodicity of traffic flow, traffic flow is divided into three kinds of periods, including hourly, daily, and weekly data. Secondly, a graph attention residual layer is constructed to learn the global spatial features across regions. Local spatial-temporal dependence is captured by using a T-GCN module. Thirdly, a transformer layer is introduced to learn the long-term dependence in time. A position embedding mechanism is introduced to label position information for all traffic sequences. Thus, this multi-head self-attention mechanism can recognize the sequence order and allocate weights for different time nodes. Experimental results on four real-world datasets show that the MSSTGCN performs better than the baseline methods and can be successfully adapted to traffic prediction tasks.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT...AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.展开更多
Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)provides cross-sectional and three-dimensional reconstructions of the target tissue,allowing precise imaging and quantitative analysis of individual retinal layers.These images,based o...Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)provides cross-sectional and three-dimensional reconstructions of the target tissue,allowing precise imaging and quantitative analysis of individual retinal layers.These images,based on optical inhomogeneities,reveal intricate cellular structures and are vital for tasks like retinal segmentation.The proposed study uses OCT images to identify significant differences in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.Incorporating spectral-domain analysis of OCT images significantly enhances the evaluation of Purtcher Retinopathy.To streamline this process,the study introduces a Context Encoding Deep Neural Network(CEDNN),which eliminates the time-consuming manual segmentation process while improving the accuracy of retinal layer thickness measurements.Despite the excellent performance of deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)in multiclass ocular fluid segmentation and lesion identification,certain challenges remain.Specifically,segmentation accuracy declines in regions with very tiny patches of subretinal fluid,often due to limited training data.The proposed CEDNN addresses these limitations by reducing processing time and enhancing accuracy.The approach incorporates advanced diffusion techniques in the 2D segmentation process using a gradient convergence field that accounts for the anisotropic nature of image features.Experimental results on public datasets and clinical OCT images demonstrate that the CEDNN approach achieves remarkable performance,with an accuracy of 99.3%,sensitivity of 99.4%,and specificity of 99%.Furthermore,the use of 3D representations of surface data outperforms traditional 2D surface estimates,enhancing segmentation quality.The system also incorporates temporal dimension estimation,making it feasible to forecast rapid disease progression.This advanced approach holds significant potential for improving retinal disease detection and analysis,setting a new benchmark in automated OCT-based diagnostics.展开更多
Maximal steered coherence(MSC)is a noteworthy resource measure in the field of quantum information,and it is defined under the framework of coherence measure and the formalism of quantum steering ellipsoids(QSEs).Here...Maximal steered coherence(MSC)is a noteworthy resource measure in the field of quantum information,and it is defined under the framework of coherence measure and the formalism of quantum steering ellipsoids(QSEs).Here,we explore the MSC of a two-qubit X state under the common influences of reservoir and noise.The results disclose that the introduction of auxiliary qubits can give rise to enhancement of the MSC in both the strong and weak coupling regimes.Moreover,more auxiliary qubits can decrease the oscillation period of the MSC,and also suppress the oscillation amplitude of the MSC in the strong coupling regime.In contrast,the increases in auxiliary qubits result in the oscillation of the MSC for the setting of the initially weak coupling regime.Of particular interest is that the improvement effects of more auxiliary qubits on the MSC in the initially weak coupling regime are significantly stronger than that in the initially strong coupling regime.展开更多
Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highl...Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highly computationally demanding or sensitive to parameters.A deconvolution method, based on modifications of Clean based on Source Coherence(CLEAN-SC), is proposed for coherent sources localization. This method is called Coherence CLEAN-SC(C–CLEAN-SC). C–CLEAN-SC is able to locate coherent and incoherent sources in simulation and experimental cases. It has a high computational efficiency and does not require pre-set parameters.展开更多
文摘An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mode area and nonlinear coefficient were investigated by using finite element method(FEM),the evolu-tion of optical pulses propagating along the fiber was simulated,and the supercontinuum and the coherence were analyzed and evaluated under different pumping conditions.The results show that a supercontinuum spectrum with a spectral width of 4.852μm can be obtained in the proposed fiber with d_(1)/Λof 0.125,d_(2)/Λof 0.583 and the zero-dispersion wavelength of 3.228μm by pumping with a Gaussian pulse with a peak power of 800 W and a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 20 fs at wavelength of 3.3μm.When the fiber is pumped by the pulse with the peak power of 2000 W,the FWHM of 80 fs at the wavelength of 4.0μm in the in the anomalous dispersion region,the modulation instability is obviously suppressed,and the high-coher-ence supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.1μm to 8.99μm is observed.A part of the pulse energy is transferred to the anomalous dispersion region when pumped at the wavelength of 2.8μm in the normal dis-persion region and a broadband high-coherence supercontinuum spectrum extending from 0.8μm to 9.8μm is generated in the 10 mm proposed fiber.This paper introduces elliptical air holes in the Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber,which enhances flexibility for tailoring the performance of supercontinuum,ultimately achieving the broadest supercontinuum spectrum with the shortest fiber length to date.
文摘Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation.Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema(DME),a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula.The development of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)provides highresolution imaging of the anatomy,including the aging of DME and its structural damage,in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema,thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment.The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment.OCT angiography(OCTA)provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution.The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods.This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME,as well as their respective therapeutic applications.
基金supported by the financial support received from the Indian Council of Medical Research-Department of Health Research(ICMRDHR-CoE-5/3/8/5/2019/I-MDMS)Medical Device and Diagnostics Mission Secretariat(MDMS)and Foundation for Centre for Healthcare Entrepreneurship(CfHE).
文摘Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.Conventional imaging techniques,such as endoscopy and histopathology,provide valuable diagnostic information but cannot offer real-time assessment.We aim to explore the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT),combined with statistical and machine learning methods,for rapid tumor margin demarcation in gastrointestinal(GI)cancer tissues in exvivo.GI tumor specimens from 17 patients were imaged intraoperatively with OCT.Quantitative features were extracted from the images,and statistical and machine learning analyses were applied to distinguish tissue types.Subsequent histopathological evaluation was used as the reference standard for validation.The combination of OCT imaging and data-driven analysis enables clear differentiation between healthy,marginal and tumor tissues in near real-time.The KNN model achieved the highest classification accuracy(0.921±0.040),with SVM(0.906±0.038)and Extra Trees(0.901±0.034)also demonstrating robust performance in discriminating tissue margins.OCT findings demonstrate strong agreement with histopathology.Integrated with statistical and machine learning techniques,OCT enables rapid assessment of GI tumor margins.This approach provides quantitative objectivity and real-time feedback,closely approximating histopathological analysis and supporting improved surgical decision-making.
基金supported by the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 2024 Higher Education Research Projects(GKP202403,GMP202402)the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programs(Grant No.202504302033,202504302034,202504302036,and 202504302244).
文摘Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatment.Traditionally,diagnosis relies on optical coherence tomography imaging technology interpreted by ophthalmologists.However,this manual image interpretation is often slow and subjective.Therefore,developing automated segmentation for macular edema images is essential to enhance to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy.Methods:In order to improve clinical diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,we proposed a SegNet network structure integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM).This network introduces a multi-scale input module,the CBAM attention mechanism,and jump connection.The multi-scale input module enhances the network’s perceptual capabilities,while the lightweight CBAM effectively fuses relevant features across channels and spatial dimensions,allowing for better learning of varying information levels.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves an IoU of 80.127%and an accuracy of 99.162%.Compared to the traditional segmentation network,this model has fewer parameters,faster training and testing speed,and superior performance on semantic segmentation tasks,indicating its highly practical applicability.Conclusion:The C-SegNet proposed in this study enables accurate segmentation of Diabetic macular edema lesion images,which facilitates quicker diagnosis for healthcare professionals.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Programme,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ202308071208000012023 Shenzhen sustainable supporting funds for colleges and universities,Grant/Award Number:20231121165240001Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultra High Definition Immersive Media Technology,Grant/Award Number:2024B1212010006。
文摘Internal learning-based video inpainting methods have shown promising results by exploiting the intrinsic properties of the video to fill in the missing region without external dataset supervision.However,existing internal learning-based video inpainting methods would produce inconsistent structures or blurry textures due to the insufficient utilisation of motion priors within the video sequence.In this paper,the authors propose a new internal learning-based video inpainting model called appearance consistency and motion coherence network(ACMC-Net),which can not only learn the recurrence of appearance prior but can also capture motion coherence prior to improve the quality of the inpainting results.In ACMC-Net,a transformer-based appearance network is developed to capture global context information within the video frame for representing appearance consistency accurately.Additionally,a novel motion coherence learning scheme is proposed to learn the motion prior in a video sequence effectively.Finally,the learnt internal appearance consistency and motion coherence are implicitly propagated to the missing regions to achieve inpainting well.Extensive experiments conducted on the DAVIS dataset show that the proposed model obtains the superior performance in terms of quantitative measurements and produces more visually plausible results compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11332006,11272233,and 11411130150)the National Basic Research Programm of China(2012CB720101)
文摘The spatial-temporal evolution of coherent structures （CS） is significant for turbulence control and drag re- duction. Among the CS, low and high speed streak structures show typical burst phenomena. The analysis was based on a time series of three-dimensional and three-component （3D-3C） velocity fields of the flat plate turbulent boundary layer （TBL） measured by a Tomographic and Time-resolved PIV （Tomo TRPIV） system. Using multi-resolution wavelet transform and conditional sampling method, we extracted the intrinsic topologies and found that the streak structures appear in bar-like patterns. Furthermore, we seized locations and velocity information of transient CS, and then calculated the propagation velocity of CS based on spatial-temporal cross-correlation scanning. This laid a foundation for further studies on relevant dynamics properties.
基金the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11802195)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172242,and 11972251)+2 种基金the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11732010)Sino-German International Cooperation Project supported by Sino-German Science Center(GZ1575)the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.201801D221027).
文摘In this work,we study the development,evolution,and migration of turbulent coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer at Reτ=630 using time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TR-PIV).Multiple techniques,including multi-scale analysis,conditional averaging,cross-correlation,and spatial-temporal topological analysis are applied to extract the evolution principle,migration trajectory,and convection velocity vector of the targeted coherent structures from a Lagrangian perspective.The spanwise vortex structures with larger scale and intensity at a certain wall-normal height y were the main focus of the present study.In the statistical sense,spanwise vortex structures move away from the wall with the shape changing from a bulge to an ellipse,and finally to a circle.Two straight lines emerge from the mean transfer trajectory curve of the spanwise vortex,in which the horizontal one is located at the viscous sublayer(y^(+)<10),the other is a logarithmic straight line existing in the range of 50<y^(+)<120,and the inclination angle of the tangential migration path is fixed at around 12°.The streamwise convection velocity U_(c)of scaled spanwise vortex structures satisfies U_(c)/U_(∞)=0.5-0.6 below y=0.03δ(i.e.,U^(+)_(c)=11-13 undery^(+)=20).In particular,in the region of 50<y^(+)<120,the velocity growth curves of U_(c)and wall-normal convection velocity V_(c)follow the log-law distribution very well,and the slopes are consistent with that of the log-law region of the turbulent boundary layer.Our observations provide microscopic evidences of the logarithmic-linear distribution of the migration trajectory of spanwise vortex structures.
文摘AIM:To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)indicators in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),and to provide patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN)with more sensitive OCTA screening indicators to detect concurrent DR at an early stage.METHODS:A total of 200 patients who treated in the ophthalmology department of the Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from 2022 to 2023 were included,including 95 first-diagnosed DR patients and 105 patients without DR,and all patients underwent OCTA examination and a collection of demographics and renal function parameters.After a quality check,automated measurements of the foveal avascular zone area,vessel density(VD),and perfusion density(PD)of both 3 mm×3 mm and 6 mm×6 mm windows were obtained.RESULTS:Using random forest and multivariate Logistic regression methods,we developed a diagnostic model for DR based on 12 variables(age,FBG,SBP,DBP,HbA1c,ALT,ALP,urea/Scr,DM duration,HUA,DN,and CMT).Adding specific OCTA parameters enhanced the efficacy of the existing diagnostic model for DR(outer vessel density in 6 mm×6 mm window,AUC=0.837 vs 0.819,P=0.03).In the study of DN patients,the parameters in the 6 mm×6 mm window improved the diagnostic efficacy of DR(inner VD;outer VD;full VD;outer PD;full PD).CONCLUSION:The outer VD in the 6 mm×6 mm window can enhance the efficacy of the traditional DR diagnostic model.Meanwhile,compared with the 3 mm×3 mm window,the microvascular parameters in the 6 mm×6 mm window focusing on DN patients can be more sensitive to diagnosing the occurrence of DR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U19A2044,42105132,42030609,41975037,and 42105133)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3703502)+1 种基金the Plan for Anhui Major Provincial Science&Technology Project(No.202203a07020003)Hefei Ecological Environment Bureau Project(No.2020BFFFD01804).
文摘As a significant city in the Yangtze River Delta regions,Hefei has experienced rapid changes in the sources of air pollution due to its high-speed economic development and urban expansion.However,there has been limited research in recent years on the spatial-temporal distribution and emission of its atmospheric pollutants.To address this,this study conducted mobile observations of urban roads using the Mobile-DOAS instrument from June 2021 to May 2022.The monitoring results exhibit a favourable consistent with TROPOMI satellite data and ground monitoring station data.Temporally,there were pronounced seasonal variations in air pollutants.Spatially,high concentration of HCHO and NO_(2)were closely associated with traffic congestion on roadways,while heightened SO_(2)levels were attributed to winter heating and industrial emissions.The study also revealed that with the implementation of road policies,the average vehicle speed increased by 95.4%,while the NO concentration decreased by 54.4%.In the estimation of urban NO_(x)emission flux,it was observed that in temporal terms,compared with inventory data,the emissions calculated viamobile measurements exhibitedmore distinct seasonal patterns,with the highest emission rate of 349 g/sec in winter and the lowest of 142 g/sec in summer.In spatial terms,the significant difference in emissions between the inner and outer ring roads also suggests the presence of the city’s primary NO_(x)emission sources in the area between these two rings.This study offers data support for formulating the next phase of air pollution control measures in urban areas.
文摘BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management strategies.Vascular and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated damage.With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural changes.AIM To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic neuritis.METHODS This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NMOSD and 17 MOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy controls.Macular vascular density(MVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using OCTA.RESULTS There was a significant reduction in MVD in NMOSD and MOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy controls.NMOSD and MOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy controls.NMOSD unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to MOGAD unaffected eyes.On comparing NMOSD with MOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of MVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected eyes.CONCLUSION Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NMOSD and MOGAD cases.
基金Supported by the Suzhou Medical Innovation Application Research Project(SZM2023027).
文摘AIM:To explore the morphological and functional parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab(IVR)in treating macular edema(ME)secondary to retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS:This retrospective study involved 65 RVO patients(65 eyes)who received IVR and were followedup for more than 3mo.ME was categorized into cystoid macular edema(CME),diffuse retinal thickening(DRT),and serous retinal detachment(SRD)according to optical coherence tomography(OCT)images.The comparison of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA;logMAR)and central macular thickness(CMT)among different follow-up points and those among 3 groups were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test.The correlation between BCVA and baseline parameters during treatment was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis.RESULTS:BCVA tended to improve in all groups,with marked improvement in CME and DRT groups.CMT showed the greatest reduction after 1wk,and remained stable over the following 3mo.DRT patients had the worst BCVA and the highest CMT at baseline,but the differences became smaller after IVR treatment.CMT in SRD group was significantly better than in CME and DRT groups 3mo after IVR.Most patients of CME and SRD groups transitioned to a normal pattern at 3mo follow-up.DRT patients were most likely to transform into the other morphological groups,while SRD patients showed minimal transitions.BCVA at baseline was identified as the most important prognostic indicator in all 3 groups.Additionally,DRT patients with a longer clinical course,higher CMT and central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)tend to exhibit worse BCVA after treatment.In addition,CRVO patients are more likely to have worse BCVA at 2 and 3mo follow-up compared with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)patients in CME group.SRD patients with higher baseline CMT were prone to experiencing worse BCVA after treatment.CONCLUSION:The effectiveness of IVR is strongly correlated with baseline BCVA in all 3 groups.Baseline parameters including clinical course,CMT,and RVO position are also useful in predicting the BCVA at different time points after treatment.
文摘The morphological description of wear particles in lubricating oil is crucial for wear state monitoring and fault diagnosis in aero-engines.Accurately and comprehensively acquiring three-dimensional(3D)morphological data of these particles has became a key focus in wear debris analysis.Herein,we develop a novel multi-view polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography(PS-OCT)method to achieve accurate 3D morphology detection and reconstruction of aero-engine lubricant wear particles,effectively resolving occlusion-induced information loss while enabling material-specific characterization.The particle morphology is captured by multi-view imaging,followed by filtering,sharpening,and contour recognition.The method integrates advanced registration algorithms with Poisson reconstruction to generate high-precision 3D models.This approach not only provides accurate 3D morphological reconstruction but also mitigates information loss caused by particle occlusion,ensuring model completeness.Furthermore,by collecting polarization characteristics of typical metals and their oxides in aero-engine lubricants,this work comprehensively characterizes and comparatively analyzes particle polarization properties using Stokes vectors,polarization uniformity,and cumulative phase retardation,and obtains a three-dimensional model containing polarization information.Ultimately,the proposed method enables multidimensional information acquisition for the reliable identification of abrasive particle types.
基金supports from the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2022YFA1404800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12404348,12347114,12274311,12274310,12192254,92250304,W2441005)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M752311)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB185).
文摘Optical coherence is a fundamental property of light,playing a key role in understanding interference,propagation,and light-matter interactions for both classical and quantum light.Measuring the coherence properties of an optical field is crucial for a wide range of applications.However,despite many proposed measurement schemes,significant challenges still remain.In this work,we present a protocol to measure the full-dimensional coherence properties of a partially coherent beam.The method is based on tomographing the complex coherent modes of the partially coherent field within its coherence time.Once the complex coherent modes are reconstructed,all coherence properties including field correlation and its higher-order correlations(e.g.,intensity correlation)can be recovered for beams that are either spatially uniformly or non-uniformly correlated.We perform a proof-of-principle experiment to measure the complex field correlation and intensity correlation of a structured partially coherent beam synthesized by random modes.Additionally,we discuss the application of full-dimensional complex coherence function tomography in coherence-based multi-cipher information security.The robustness of our system in complex environments is also evaluated.
基金supported by the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences(grant reference 22&ZD067).
文摘In the current situation of decelerating economic expansion,examining the digital economy(DE)as a novel economic model is beneficial for the local economy’s sustainable and high-quality development(HQD).We analyzed panel data from the Yellow River(YR)region from 2013 to 2021 and discovered notable spatial variances in the composite index and coupling coordination of the two systems.Specifically,the downstream region exhibited the highest coupling coordination,while the upstream region had the lowest.We identified that favorable factors such as economic development,innovation,industrial upgrading,and government intervention can bolster the coupling.Our findings provide a valuable framework for promoting DE and HQD in the YR region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62472149,62376089,62202147)Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2023BCB04100).
文摘Accurate traffic flow prediction has a profound impact on modern traffic management. Traffic flow has complex spatial-temporal correlations and periodicity, which poses difficulties for precise prediction. To address this problem, a Multi-head Self-attention and Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (MSSTGCN) for multiscale traffic flow prediction is proposed. Firstly, to capture the hidden traffic periodicity of traffic flow, traffic flow is divided into three kinds of periods, including hourly, daily, and weekly data. Secondly, a graph attention residual layer is constructed to learn the global spatial features across regions. Local spatial-temporal dependence is captured by using a T-GCN module. Thirdly, a transformer layer is introduced to learn the long-term dependence in time. A position embedding mechanism is introduced to label position information for all traffic sequences. Thus, this multi-head self-attention mechanism can recognize the sequence order and allocate weights for different time nodes. Experimental results on four real-world datasets show that the MSSTGCN performs better than the baseline methods and can be successfully adapted to traffic prediction tasks.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.
基金funded by the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University through small group research under grant number RGP1/180/46.
文摘Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)provides cross-sectional and three-dimensional reconstructions of the target tissue,allowing precise imaging and quantitative analysis of individual retinal layers.These images,based on optical inhomogeneities,reveal intricate cellular structures and are vital for tasks like retinal segmentation.The proposed study uses OCT images to identify significant differences in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.Incorporating spectral-domain analysis of OCT images significantly enhances the evaluation of Purtcher Retinopathy.To streamline this process,the study introduces a Context Encoding Deep Neural Network(CEDNN),which eliminates the time-consuming manual segmentation process while improving the accuracy of retinal layer thickness measurements.Despite the excellent performance of deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)in multiclass ocular fluid segmentation and lesion identification,certain challenges remain.Specifically,segmentation accuracy declines in regions with very tiny patches of subretinal fluid,often due to limited training data.The proposed CEDNN addresses these limitations by reducing processing time and enhancing accuracy.The approach incorporates advanced diffusion techniques in the 2D segmentation process using a gradient convergence field that accounts for the anisotropic nature of image features.Experimental results on public datasets and clinical OCT images demonstrate that the CEDNN approach achieves remarkable performance,with an accuracy of 99.3%,sensitivity of 99.4%,and specificity of 99%.Furthermore,the use of 3D representations of surface data outperforms traditional 2D surface estimates,enhancing segmentation quality.The system also incorporates temporal dimension estimation,making it feasible to forecast rapid disease progression.This advanced approach holds significant potential for improving retinal disease detection and analysis,setting a new benchmark in automated OCT-based diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175001)the Key Project of Natural Science Research of West Anhui University(Grant No.WXZR202311)+4 种基金the Open Fund of Anhui Undergrowth Crop Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center(Grant No.AUCIEERC-2022-01)Anhui Undergrowth Crop Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center(Grant No.2022AH010091)the Natural Science Research Key Project of Education Department of Anhui Province of China(Grant No.2023AH052648)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.GXXT-2021-026)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2108085MA18 and 2008085MA20).
文摘Maximal steered coherence(MSC)is a noteworthy resource measure in the field of quantum information,and it is defined under the framework of coherence measure and the formalism of quantum steering ellipsoids(QSEs).Here,we explore the MSC of a two-qubit X state under the common influences of reservoir and noise.The results disclose that the introduction of auxiliary qubits can give rise to enhancement of the MSC in both the strong and weak coupling regimes.Moreover,more auxiliary qubits can decrease the oscillation period of the MSC,and also suppress the oscillation amplitude of the MSC in the strong coupling regime.In contrast,the increases in auxiliary qubits result in the oscillation of the MSC for the setting of the initially weak coupling regime.Of particular interest is that the improvement effects of more auxiliary qubits on the MSC in the initially weak coupling regime are significantly stronger than that in the initially strong coupling regime.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2017-II-003–0015)。
文摘Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highly computationally demanding or sensitive to parameters.A deconvolution method, based on modifications of Clean based on Source Coherence(CLEAN-SC), is proposed for coherent sources localization. This method is called Coherence CLEAN-SC(C–CLEAN-SC). C–CLEAN-SC is able to locate coherent and incoherent sources in simulation and experimental cases. It has a high computational efficiency and does not require pre-set parameters.
