This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO_(2)seque...This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,and prospects the development of spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring.Currently,the spatial information technologies applied in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring mainly include five categories:eddy covariance method,remote sensing technology,geographic information system,Internet of Things technology,and global navigation satellite system.These technologies are involved in three aspects:monitoring data acquisition,positioning and data transmission,and data management and decision support.Challenges faced by the spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring include:selecting spatial information technologies that match different monitoring purposes,different platforms,and different monitoring sites;establishing effective data storage and computing capabilities to cope with the broad sources and large volumes of monitoring data;and promoting collaborative operations by interacting and validating spatial information technologies with mature monitoring technologies.In the future,it is necessary to establish methods and standards for designing spatial information technology monitoring schemes,develop collaborative application methods for cross-scale monitoring technologies,integrate spatial information technologies with artificial intelligence and high-performance computing technologies,and accelerate the application of spatial information technologies in carbon sequestration projects in China.展开更多
A novel control ideology and technology for solving tasks in large distributed networked systems will be briefed. Based on active scenarios self-navigating and self-matching distributed spaces in a highly organized su...A novel control ideology and technology for solving tasks in large distributed networked systems will be briefed. Based on active scenarios self-navigating and self-matching distributed spaces in a highly organized super-virus mode, it can effectively establish global control over large systems of any natures. The technology can use numerous scattered and dissimilar facilities in an integral and holistic way, allowing them to work together in goal-driven supercomputer mode. The approach can be useful for advanced air and missile defense in a variety of ways which is described and explained in this paper.展开更多
The word“spatial”fundamentally relates to human existence,evolution,and activity in terrestrial and even celestial spaces.After reviewing the spatial features of many areas,the paper describes basics of high level m...The word“spatial”fundamentally relates to human existence,evolution,and activity in terrestrial and even celestial spaces.After reviewing the spatial features of many areas,the paper describes basics of high level model and technology called Spatial Grasp for dealing with large distributed systems,which can provide spatial vision,awareness,management,control,and even consciousness.The technology description includes its key Spatial Grasp Language(SGL),self-evolution of recursive SGL scenarios,and implementation of SGL interpreter converting distributed networked systems into powerful spatial engines.Examples of typical spatial scenarios in SGL include finding shortest path tree and shortest path between network nodes,collecting proper information throughout the whole world,elimination of multiple targets by intelligent teams of chasers,and withstanding cyber attacks in distributed networked systems.Also this paper compares Spatial Grasp model with traditional algorithms,confirming universality of the former for any spatial systems,while the latter just tools for concrete applications.展开更多
“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,fostering cross-cultural collaboration,and creating systems that ...“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,fostering cross-cultural collaboration,and creating systems that balance global integration with local needs.This also includes management of global business operations across diverse cultures in a multipolar international landscape.The paper briefs the developed and already tested in numerous applications high-level Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT),which can help investigate and manage complex systems with a holistic spatial approach effectively covering various physical and virtual dimensions,their interrelations,and integration as a whole.Different areas will be investigated with examples of practical solutions in them and their combinations in a high-level Spatial Grasp Language(SGL),the key element of SGT.This allows for the creation and distributed management of very large spatial networks with different orientation which can be self-spreading,self-analyzing,self-modifying,and self-recovering in complex terrestrial and celestial environments,and also organize dynamic multi-networking solutions supporting global evolution and integrity.展开更多
All plant organs are derived from stem cell-containing meristems.In maize,the shoot apical meristem(SAM)is responsible for generating all above-ground structures,including the male and female inflorescence meristems(I...All plant organs are derived from stem cell-containing meristems.In maize,the shoot apical meristem(SAM)is responsible for generating all above-ground structures,including the male and female inflorescence meristems(IMs),which give rise to tassel and ear,respectively.Forward and reverse genetic studies on maize meristem mutants have driven forward our fundamental understanding of meristem maintenance and differentiation mechanisms.However,the high genetic redundancy of the maize genome has impeded progress in functional genomics.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in understanding maize meristem development,with a focus on the integration of single-cell and spatial technologies.We discuss the mechanisms governing stem cell maintenance and differentiation in SAM and IM,emphasizing the roles of gene regulatory networks,hormonal pathways,and cellular omics insights into stress responses and adaptation.Future directions include cross-species comparisons,multi-omics integration,and the application of these technologies to precision breeding and stress adaptation research,with the ultimate goal of translating our understanding of meristem into the development of higher yield varieties.展开更多
Lactic acid bacteria and the fermentation environment interact to form an intertwined system.Lactic acid bacteria are constantly evolving to adapt to different fermentation environments,causing changes in their physio...Lactic acid bacteria and the fermentation environment interact to form an intertwined system.Lactic acid bacteria are constantly evolving to adapt to different fermentation environments,causing changes in their physiological processes.To achieve a targeted improvement of their adaptability to various environments,a detail analysis of their evolutionary physiological processes is required.While several studies have been carried out in the past by using single-omics techniques to investigate their response to environmental stress,most researchers are now using a multi-omics approach to explore more detail in the biological regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria in response to environmental stress,thereby overcoming the limitations of single-omics analysis.In this review,we describe the various single-omics approaches that have been used to study environmental stress in lactic acid bacteria,present the advantages of various multi-omics combined analysis approaches,and discuss the potential and practicality of applying emerging single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell metabolomics techniques to the molecular mechanism study of microbes response to environmental stress.Multi-omics approaches enable the accurate identification of complex microbial physiological processes in different environments,allow people to comprehensively reveal the molecular mechanisms of microbes response to stress from different perspectives.Single-cell omics techniques,analyze the targeted regulation of microbial functions in a multi-dimensional space,provides a new perspective on understanding microbes responses environment stress.展开更多
“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through its multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,by fostering cross-cultural collaboration and balancing globa...“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through its multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,by fostering cross-cultural collaboration and balancing global integration with local needs.The paper briefs the developed high-level Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT)which can investigate and manage complex systems with a holistic spatial approach effectively covering different physical and virtual dimensions and their integration as a whole.It then describes basics of multidimensional management system which is currently under development,and provides examples of practical solutions in different dimensions and their combinations in Spatial Grasp Language(SGL),the key element of SGT,with networking representations of the solutions.These include inter-dimensional influence and optimization,finding multidimensional communities,showing multidimensional recovery after disasters,finding dangerous multidimensional groupings,isolated multidimensional components,as well as interaction of physical and virtual dimensions.Different versions of SGT were tested on numerous applications and in different countries,and its latest version,especially suitable for multidimensional management,can be quickly implemented on any existing software or hardware platforms an integrated with advanced communication systems.展开更多
Global and international security cannot be provided from a single point or a set of separate points whatever powerful these might be(even with quantum supercomputers!).It should rather be deeply embedded and integrat...Global and international security cannot be provided from a single point or a set of separate points whatever powerful these might be(even with quantum supercomputers!).It should rather be deeply embedded and integrated with bodies of real systems wherever in physical,virtual,or combined spaces they may exist.So global security capabilities should not only be distributed,but rather be really spatial,self-organized,and dynamic,also exhibiting overall integrity,awareness,and consciousness features.The paper describes applicability of the patented and revealed in 10 books Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT)and its basic Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)which conceptually and functionally match security problems of large distributed and heterogeneous systems.It investigates very practical security solutions for finding and tracing distribution of forbidden items,world roaming criminals,recovery from natural and human-made disasters,tracing and elimination of moving dangerous objects in terrestrial and celestial spaces,as well as analysis and restoration of damaged transport networks.It advises how different security infrastructures can be organized and managed,and how to cooperate and integrate within global security systems with higher awareness and consciousness levels over them.The provided security-oriented version of SGL can be quickly implemented and integrated with existing distributed management and security systems.展开更多
The paper describes the use of invented,developed,and tested in different countries of the high-level spatial grasp model and technology capable of solving important problems in large social systems,which may be repre...The paper describes the use of invented,developed,and tested in different countries of the high-level spatial grasp model and technology capable of solving important problems in large social systems,which may be represented as dynamic,self-evolving and distributed social networks.The approach allows us to find important solutions on a holistic level by spatial navigation and parallel pattern matching of social networks with active self-propagating scenarios represented in a special recursive language.This approach effectively hides inside the distributed and networked language implementation traditional system management routines,often providing hundreds of times shorter and simpler high-level solution code.The paper highlights the demands to efficient simulation of social systems,briefs the technology used,and provides some programming examples for solutions of practical problems.展开更多
This paper relates to accepted presentation at international conference Air and Missile Defence Technology,November 16-17,2022,London UK(day two),reflecting contents of the presentation slides.It describes application...This paper relates to accepted presentation at international conference Air and Missile Defence Technology,November 16-17,2022,London UK(day two),reflecting contents of the presentation slides.It describes applications of the patented and internationally tested Spatial Grasp Technology(SGT)and its Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)for Integrated Air and Missile Defense(IAMD).Based on holistic space navigation and processing by recursive mobile code self-spreading in distributed words,SGT differs radically from traditional management of large systems as consisting of parts exchanging messages.The dynamic network of SGL interpreters can be arbitrarily large and cover terrestrial and celestial environments as powerful spatial engines.The paper contains an example of tracking and destruction of multiple cruise missiles by self-evolving spatial intelligence in SGL using networks of radar stations.It also briefs the growing multiple satellite constellation in Low Earth Orbits(LEO)for potential IAMD applications.Starting from Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI)of the past and then briefing the latest project of Space Development Agency,the paper shows SGL solutions for discovery,tracking,and destroying ballistic missiles and hypersonic gliders with the use of collectively behaving constellations of LEO satellites.It also shows how to organize higher levels of supervision of groups of mobile chasers fighting multiple targets(both potentially as missiles or drones),by providing their global awareness even consciousness in SGL which can drastically improve their performance.The latest version of SGT can be implemented on any platforms and put into operation in a short time,similarly to its previous versions in different countries.展开更多
Rapid technological advancements drive miniaturization and high energy density in devices,thereby increasing nanoscale thermal management demands and urging development of higher spatial resolution technologies for th...Rapid technological advancements drive miniaturization and high energy density in devices,thereby increasing nanoscale thermal management demands and urging development of higher spatial resolution technologies for thermal imaging and transport research.Here,we introduce an approach to measure nanoscale thermal resistance using in situ inelastic scanning transmission electron microscopy.By constructing unidirectional heating flux with controlled temperature gradients and analyzing electron energy-loss/gain signals under optimized acquisition conditions,nanometer-resolution in mapping phonon apparent temperature is achieved.Thus,interfacial thermal resistance is determined by calculating the ratio of interfacial temperature difference to bulk temperature gradient.This methodology enables direct measurement of thermal transport properties for atomic-scale structural features(e.g.,defects and heterointerfaces),resolving critical structure-performance relationships,providing a useful tool for investigating thermal phenomena at the(sub-)nanoscale.展开更多
The spatial matrix filter was designed and used for solving the problem to detect a weak target who was influenced by the strong nearby platform noise interference of the towed line array sonar. The MFP technology and...The spatial matrix filter was designed and used for solving the problem to detect a weak target who was influenced by the strong nearby platform noise interference of the towed line array sonar. The MFP technology and the DOA estimation technology were combined together by using the sound propagation characteristics of both target and interference. The spatial matrix filter with platform noise zero response constraint was designed by the near-field platform noise normal modes copy vectors and the far-field plane wave bearing vectors together. The optimal solution of the optimization problem for designing the spatial matrix filter was deduced directly, and it was simplified by the generalized singular value decomposition. The total response error to the plane wave bearing vectors and the total response to the platform noise copy vectors were given. The phenomena that strong interferences existed in the bearing course and blind areas existed after filtering were analyzed by the correlation between the plat- form noise copy vectors and the plane wave bearing vectors. It could be found from simulations that it has less blind area and higher detection ability by using the spatial matrix filtering technology.展开更多
The UWA channel is characterized as a time-dispersive rapidly fading channel, which in addition exhibits Doppler instabilities and limited bandwidth. To eliminate inter- symbol interference caused by multipath propaga...The UWA channel is characterized as a time-dispersive rapidly fading channel, which in addition exhibits Doppler instabilities and limited bandwidth. To eliminate inter- symbol interference caused by multipath propagation, spatial diversity equalization is the main technical means. The paper combines the passive phase conjugation and spatial processing to maximize the output array gain. It uses signal-to-noise-plus-interference to evaluate the quality of signals received at different channels. The amplitude of signal is weighted using Sigmoid function. Second order PLL can trace the phase variation caused by channel, so the signal can be accumulated in the same phase. The signals received at different channels need to be normal- ized. It adopts fractional-decision feedback diversity equalizer （FDFDE） and achieves diversity equalization by using different channel weighted coefficients. The simulation and lake trial data processing results show that, the optimized diversity receiving equalization algorithm can im- prove communication system＇s ability in tracking the change of underwater acoustic channel, offset the impact of multipath and noise and improve the performance of communication system. The performance of the communication receiving system is better than that of the equal gain combination. At the same time, the bit error rate （BER） reduces 1.8%.展开更多
With the world conflicts steadily moving from kinetics to cultural dimensions, the author will be discussing here a new, promising, trend allowing for effective solutions of complex national and international problems...With the world conflicts steadily moving from kinetics to cultural dimensions, the author will be discussing here a new, promising, trend allowing for effective solutions of complex national and international problems by intelligent and predominantly peaceful means using the concept of Human Terrain （HT）. A novel ideology and supporting high-level networking technology will be revealed that can effectively implement HT ideas in large networked spaces. The technology is based on holistic and gestalt principles in dealing with complex distributed systems in opposition to traditional multi-agent and interoperability organizations. This allows researchers to grasp nonlocal social, cultural, ethnic, religious, and, if needed, military problems with their integral solutions on top semantic level and expresses them in a special high-level language suitable for implementation in manned, unmanned, or combined systems.展开更多
The paper investigates applicability of the developed high-level model and technology for solution of diverse problems in large distributed dynamic systems which can provide sufficient awareness of their structures,or...The paper investigates applicability of the developed high-level model and technology for solution of diverse problems in large distributed dynamic systems which can provide sufficient awareness of their structures,organization,and functionalities.After the review of meanings of awareness and existing approaches for its expression and support,the paper shows application of the Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT)and its basic Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)for very practical awareness solutions in large distributed dynamic systems,with obtaining any knowledge from any point inside or outside the system.The self-evolving,self-replicating,and self-recovering scenario code in SGL can effectively supervise distributed systems under any circumstances including rapidly changing number of their elements.Examples are provided in SGL for distributed networked systems showing how in any node any information about other nodes and links,including the whole system,can be obtained by using network requesting patterns based on recursive scenarios combining forward and backward network matching and coverage.The returned results may be automatically organized in networked patterns too.The presented exemplary solutions are parallel and fully distributed,without the need of using vulnerable centralized resources,also very compact.This can be explained by fundamentally different philosophy and ideology of SGT which is not based on traditional partitioned systems representation and multiple agent communications.On the contrary,SGT and its basic language supervise and control distributed systems by holistic self-spreading recursive code in wavelike,virus-like,and even“soul-like”mode.展开更多
General： The Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics is a joint publication of the Second Academy of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, the Chinese Society of Astronautics, the Systems Engineeri...General： The Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics is a joint publication of the Second Academy of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, the Chinese Society of Astronautics, the Systems Engineering Soeiety of China and the Chinese Association for System Simulation. It appears four times a year in English. The EDITORIAL BOARD strives to publish well,written papers that present important research results within the JOURNAL SCOPE, which includes system analysis, system modeling and simulation, military system analysis, vehicle control, C^3I, radar, information systems engineering, pattern recognition, machine intelligence, artificial neural networks, information acquisition ＆ processing, and topics in all related fields. Readers are encouraged to submit manuscripts which disclose significant technical achievements, indicate exploratoLT developments, or present significant application for scientific and technological frontiers. Manuscripts should be submitted by E-mail named ＂New Manuscript＂ in Word type. All papers are subject to refereeing. Papers should be original and must not have been submitted simultaneously to any other journal. Submitted manuscripts, whether or not they are accepted, will not be returned unless otherwise informed.展开更多
Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics(ST)technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to unveil the spatial heterogeneity of gene expression and cell states within tissues.Despite these capabilities of the ...Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics(ST)technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to unveil the spatial heterogeneity of gene expression and cell states within tissues.Despite these capabilities of the ST data,accurately dissecting spatiotemporal structures(e.g.,spatial domains,temporal trajectories,and functional interactions)remains challenging.Here,we introduce a computational framework,PearlST(partial differential equation[PDE]-enhanced adversarial graph autoencoder of ST),for accurate inference of spatiotemporal structures from the ST data using PDE-enhanced adversarial graph autoencoder.PearlST employs contrastive learning to extract histological image features,integrates a PDE-based diffusion model to enhance characterization of spatial features at domain boundaries,and learns the latent low-dimensional embeddings via Wasserstein adversarial regularized graph autoencoders.Comparative analyses across multiple ST datasets with varying resolutions demonstrate that PearlST outperforms existing methods in spatial clustering,trajectory inference,and pseudotime analysis.Furthermore,PearlST elucidates functional regulations of the latent features by linking intercellular ligand-receptor interactions to most contributing genes of the low-dimensional embeddings,as illustrated in a human breast cancer dataset.Overall,PearlST proves to be a powerful tool for extracting interpretable latent features and dissecting intricate spatiotemporal structures in ST data across various biological contexts.展开更多
Digital China(DC)has recently drawn much attention.It is a strategic project for China in response to the challenge of sustainable development of population,re-source,and environment.Intending to establish the nationa...Digital China(DC)has recently drawn much attention.It is a strategic project for China in response to the challenge of sustainable development of population,re-source,and environment.Intending to establish the national information infra-structure(NⅡ),the DC project forms a solid foundation for Chinese informatization.In such an NⅡ,multi-sourced spatial data are integrated.They focus on various themes and have different space and time features.Based on the NⅡ,numerous applications and services can be developed so that spatial information will benefit everyone.Since lots of organizations,such as governments,universities,and en-terprises,are involved in the implementation of DC,the DC project will significantly prompt the relevant scientific research as well as economic progress in China.展开更多
Vehicle wading is a complex fluid-structure interaction(FSI) problem and has attracted great attention recently from the automotive industry, especially for electric vehicles. As a meshless Lagrangian particle method,...Vehicle wading is a complex fluid-structure interaction(FSI) problem and has attracted great attention recently from the automotive industry, especially for electric vehicles. As a meshless Lagrangian particle method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) is one of the most suitable candidates for simulations of vehicle wading due to its inherent advantages in modeling free surface flows, splash, and moving interfaces. Nevertheless, the inevitable neighbor query for the nearest adjacent particles among the support domain leads to considerable computational cost and thus limits its application in 3D large-scale simulations. In this work, a GPU-based SPH method is developed with an adaptive spatial sort technology for simulations of vehicle wading. In addition, a fast, easy-to-implement particle generator is presented for isotropic initialization of the complex vehicle geometry with optimal interpolation properties. A comparative study of vehicle wading on a puddle between the GPUbased SPH with two pieces of commercial software is used to verify the capability of the GPU-based SPH method in terms of convergence analysis, kinematic characteristics, and computing performance. Finally, different conditions of vehicle speeds, water depths, and puddle widths are tested to investigate the vehicle wading numerically. The results demonstrate that the adaptive spatial sort technology can significantly improve the computing performance of the GPU-based SPH method and meanwhile promotes the GPU-based SPH method to be a competitive tool for the study of 3D large-scale FSI problems including vehicle wading. Some helpful findings of the critical vehicle speed, water depth as well as boundary wall effect are also reported in this work.展开更多
基金Supported by the CNPC Science and Technology Major Project(2021ZZ01-05).
文摘This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,and prospects the development of spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring.Currently,the spatial information technologies applied in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring mainly include five categories:eddy covariance method,remote sensing technology,geographic information system,Internet of Things technology,and global navigation satellite system.These technologies are involved in three aspects:monitoring data acquisition,positioning and data transmission,and data management and decision support.Challenges faced by the spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring include:selecting spatial information technologies that match different monitoring purposes,different platforms,and different monitoring sites;establishing effective data storage and computing capabilities to cope with the broad sources and large volumes of monitoring data;and promoting collaborative operations by interacting and validating spatial information technologies with mature monitoring technologies.In the future,it is necessary to establish methods and standards for designing spatial information technology monitoring schemes,develop collaborative application methods for cross-scale monitoring technologies,integrate spatial information technologies with artificial intelligence and high-performance computing technologies,and accelerate the application of spatial information technologies in carbon sequestration projects in China.
文摘A novel control ideology and technology for solving tasks in large distributed networked systems will be briefed. Based on active scenarios self-navigating and self-matching distributed spaces in a highly organized super-virus mode, it can effectively establish global control over large systems of any natures. The technology can use numerous scattered and dissimilar facilities in an integral and holistic way, allowing them to work together in goal-driven supercomputer mode. The approach can be useful for advanced air and missile defense in a variety of ways which is described and explained in this paper.
文摘The word“spatial”fundamentally relates to human existence,evolution,and activity in terrestrial and even celestial spaces.After reviewing the spatial features of many areas,the paper describes basics of high level model and technology called Spatial Grasp for dealing with large distributed systems,which can provide spatial vision,awareness,management,control,and even consciousness.The technology description includes its key Spatial Grasp Language(SGL),self-evolution of recursive SGL scenarios,and implementation of SGL interpreter converting distributed networked systems into powerful spatial engines.Examples of typical spatial scenarios in SGL include finding shortest path tree and shortest path between network nodes,collecting proper information throughout the whole world,elimination of multiple targets by intelligent teams of chasers,and withstanding cyber attacks in distributed networked systems.Also this paper compares Spatial Grasp model with traditional algorithms,confirming universality of the former for any spatial systems,while the latter just tools for concrete applications.
文摘“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,fostering cross-cultural collaboration,and creating systems that balance global integration with local needs.This also includes management of global business operations across diverse cultures in a multipolar international landscape.The paper briefs the developed and already tested in numerous applications high-level Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT),which can help investigate and manage complex systems with a holistic spatial approach effectively covering various physical and virtual dimensions,their interrelations,and integration as a whole.Different areas will be investigated with examples of practical solutions in them and their combinations in a high-level Spatial Grasp Language(SGL),the key element of SGT.This allows for the creation and distributed management of very large spatial networks with different orientation which can be self-spreading,self-analyzing,self-modifying,and self-recovering in complex terrestrial and celestial environments,and also organize dynamic multi-networking solutions supporting global evolution and integrity.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023JQ012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101741)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201802)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Provincial Government to F.X.,and National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201694 and U22A20460)to X.H.
文摘All plant organs are derived from stem cell-containing meristems.In maize,the shoot apical meristem(SAM)is responsible for generating all above-ground structures,including the male and female inflorescence meristems(IMs),which give rise to tassel and ear,respectively.Forward and reverse genetic studies on maize meristem mutants have driven forward our fundamental understanding of meristem maintenance and differentiation mechanisms.However,the high genetic redundancy of the maize genome has impeded progress in functional genomics.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in understanding maize meristem development,with a focus on the integration of single-cell and spatial technologies.We discuss the mechanisms governing stem cell maintenance and differentiation in SAM and IM,emphasizing the roles of gene regulatory networks,hormonal pathways,and cellular omics insights into stress responses and adaptation.Future directions include cross-species comparisons,multi-omics integration,and the application of these technologies to precision breeding and stress adaptation research,with the ultimate goal of translating our understanding of meristem into the development of higher yield varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160578)the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Develoment Program(2023BCF01027).
文摘Lactic acid bacteria and the fermentation environment interact to form an intertwined system.Lactic acid bacteria are constantly evolving to adapt to different fermentation environments,causing changes in their physiological processes.To achieve a targeted improvement of their adaptability to various environments,a detail analysis of their evolutionary physiological processes is required.While several studies have been carried out in the past by using single-omics techniques to investigate their response to environmental stress,most researchers are now using a multi-omics approach to explore more detail in the biological regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria in response to environmental stress,thereby overcoming the limitations of single-omics analysis.In this review,we describe the various single-omics approaches that have been used to study environmental stress in lactic acid bacteria,present the advantages of various multi-omics combined analysis approaches,and discuss the potential and practicality of applying emerging single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell metabolomics techniques to the molecular mechanism study of microbes response to environmental stress.Multi-omics approaches enable the accurate identification of complex microbial physiological processes in different environments,allow people to comprehensively reveal the molecular mechanisms of microbes response to stress from different perspectives.Single-cell omics techniques,analyze the targeted regulation of microbial functions in a multi-dimensional space,provides a new perspective on understanding microbes responses environment stress.
文摘“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through its multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,by fostering cross-cultural collaboration and balancing global integration with local needs.The paper briefs the developed high-level Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT)which can investigate and manage complex systems with a holistic spatial approach effectively covering different physical and virtual dimensions and their integration as a whole.It then describes basics of multidimensional management system which is currently under development,and provides examples of practical solutions in different dimensions and their combinations in Spatial Grasp Language(SGL),the key element of SGT,with networking representations of the solutions.These include inter-dimensional influence and optimization,finding multidimensional communities,showing multidimensional recovery after disasters,finding dangerous multidimensional groupings,isolated multidimensional components,as well as interaction of physical and virtual dimensions.Different versions of SGT were tested on numerous applications and in different countries,and its latest version,especially suitable for multidimensional management,can be quickly implemented on any existing software or hardware platforms an integrated with advanced communication systems.
文摘Global and international security cannot be provided from a single point or a set of separate points whatever powerful these might be(even with quantum supercomputers!).It should rather be deeply embedded and integrated with bodies of real systems wherever in physical,virtual,or combined spaces they may exist.So global security capabilities should not only be distributed,but rather be really spatial,self-organized,and dynamic,also exhibiting overall integrity,awareness,and consciousness features.The paper describes applicability of the patented and revealed in 10 books Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT)and its basic Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)which conceptually and functionally match security problems of large distributed and heterogeneous systems.It investigates very practical security solutions for finding and tracing distribution of forbidden items,world roaming criminals,recovery from natural and human-made disasters,tracing and elimination of moving dangerous objects in terrestrial and celestial spaces,as well as analysis and restoration of damaged transport networks.It advises how different security infrastructures can be organized and managed,and how to cooperate and integrate within global security systems with higher awareness and consciousness levels over them.The provided security-oriented version of SGL can be quickly implemented and integrated with existing distributed management and security systems.
文摘The paper describes the use of invented,developed,and tested in different countries of the high-level spatial grasp model and technology capable of solving important problems in large social systems,which may be represented as dynamic,self-evolving and distributed social networks.The approach allows us to find important solutions on a holistic level by spatial navigation and parallel pattern matching of social networks with active self-propagating scenarios represented in a special recursive language.This approach effectively hides inside the distributed and networked language implementation traditional system management routines,often providing hundreds of times shorter and simpler high-level solution code.The paper highlights the demands to efficient simulation of social systems,briefs the technology used,and provides some programming examples for solutions of practical problems.
文摘This paper relates to accepted presentation at international conference Air and Missile Defence Technology,November 16-17,2022,London UK(day two),reflecting contents of the presentation slides.It describes applications of the patented and internationally tested Spatial Grasp Technology(SGT)and its Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)for Integrated Air and Missile Defense(IAMD).Based on holistic space navigation and processing by recursive mobile code self-spreading in distributed words,SGT differs radically from traditional management of large systems as consisting of parts exchanging messages.The dynamic network of SGL interpreters can be arbitrarily large and cover terrestrial and celestial environments as powerful spatial engines.The paper contains an example of tracking and destruction of multiple cruise missiles by self-evolving spatial intelligence in SGL using networks of radar stations.It also briefs the growing multiple satellite constellation in Low Earth Orbits(LEO)for potential IAMD applications.Starting from Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI)of the past and then briefing the latest project of Space Development Agency,the paper shows SGL solutions for discovery,tracking,and destroying ballistic missiles and hypersonic gliders with the use of collectively behaving constellations of LEO satellites.It also shows how to organize higher levels of supervision of groups of mobile chasers fighting multiple targets(both potentially as missiles or drones),by providing their global awareness even consciousness in SGL which can drastically improve their performance.The latest version of SGT can be implemented on any platforms and put into operation in a short time,similarly to its previous versions in different countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52125307)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3501500)the support from the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Rapid technological advancements drive miniaturization and high energy density in devices,thereby increasing nanoscale thermal management demands and urging development of higher spatial resolution technologies for thermal imaging and transport research.Here,we introduce an approach to measure nanoscale thermal resistance using in situ inelastic scanning transmission electron microscopy.By constructing unidirectional heating flux with controlled temperature gradients and analyzing electron energy-loss/gain signals under optimized acquisition conditions,nanometer-resolution in mapping phonon apparent temperature is achieved.Thus,interfacial thermal resistance is determined by calculating the ratio of interfacial temperature difference to bulk temperature gradient.This methodology enables direct measurement of thermal transport properties for atomic-scale structural features(e.g.,defects and heterointerfaces),resolving critical structure-performance relationships,providing a useful tool for investigating thermal phenomena at the(sub-)nanoscale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60532040,11374001)
文摘The spatial matrix filter was designed and used for solving the problem to detect a weak target who was influenced by the strong nearby platform noise interference of the towed line array sonar. The MFP technology and the DOA estimation technology were combined together by using the sound propagation characteristics of both target and interference. The spatial matrix filter with platform noise zero response constraint was designed by the near-field platform noise normal modes copy vectors and the far-field plane wave bearing vectors together. The optimal solution of the optimization problem for designing the spatial matrix filter was deduced directly, and it was simplified by the generalized singular value decomposition. The total response error to the plane wave bearing vectors and the total response to the platform noise copy vectors were given. The phenomena that strong interferences existed in the bearing course and blind areas existed after filtering were analyzed by the correlation between the plat- form noise copy vectors and the plane wave bearing vectors. It could be found from simulations that it has less blind area and higher detection ability by using the spatial matrix filtering technology.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61531018)
文摘The UWA channel is characterized as a time-dispersive rapidly fading channel, which in addition exhibits Doppler instabilities and limited bandwidth. To eliminate inter- symbol interference caused by multipath propagation, spatial diversity equalization is the main technical means. The paper combines the passive phase conjugation and spatial processing to maximize the output array gain. It uses signal-to-noise-plus-interference to evaluate the quality of signals received at different channels. The amplitude of signal is weighted using Sigmoid function. Second order PLL can trace the phase variation caused by channel, so the signal can be accumulated in the same phase. The signals received at different channels need to be normal- ized. It adopts fractional-decision feedback diversity equalizer （FDFDE） and achieves diversity equalization by using different channel weighted coefficients. The simulation and lake trial data processing results show that, the optimized diversity receiving equalization algorithm can im- prove communication system＇s ability in tracking the change of underwater acoustic channel, offset the impact of multipath and noise and improve the performance of communication system. The performance of the communication receiving system is better than that of the equal gain combination. At the same time, the bit error rate （BER） reduces 1.8%.
文摘With the world conflicts steadily moving from kinetics to cultural dimensions, the author will be discussing here a new, promising, trend allowing for effective solutions of complex national and international problems by intelligent and predominantly peaceful means using the concept of Human Terrain （HT）. A novel ideology and supporting high-level networking technology will be revealed that can effectively implement HT ideas in large networked spaces. The technology is based on holistic and gestalt principles in dealing with complex distributed systems in opposition to traditional multi-agent and interoperability organizations. This allows researchers to grasp nonlocal social, cultural, ethnic, religious, and, if needed, military problems with their integral solutions on top semantic level and expresses them in a special high-level language suitable for implementation in manned, unmanned, or combined systems.
文摘The paper investigates applicability of the developed high-level model and technology for solution of diverse problems in large distributed dynamic systems which can provide sufficient awareness of their structures,organization,and functionalities.After the review of meanings of awareness and existing approaches for its expression and support,the paper shows application of the Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT)and its basic Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)for very practical awareness solutions in large distributed dynamic systems,with obtaining any knowledge from any point inside or outside the system.The self-evolving,self-replicating,and self-recovering scenario code in SGL can effectively supervise distributed systems under any circumstances including rapidly changing number of their elements.Examples are provided in SGL for distributed networked systems showing how in any node any information about other nodes and links,including the whole system,can be obtained by using network requesting patterns based on recursive scenarios combining forward and backward network matching and coverage.The returned results may be automatically organized in networked patterns too.The presented exemplary solutions are parallel and fully distributed,without the need of using vulnerable centralized resources,also very compact.This can be explained by fundamentally different philosophy and ideology of SGT which is not based on traditional partitioned systems representation and multiple agent communications.On the contrary,SGT and its basic language supervise and control distributed systems by holistic self-spreading recursive code in wavelike,virus-like,and even“soul-like”mode.
文摘General： The Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics is a joint publication of the Second Academy of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, the Chinese Society of Astronautics, the Systems Engineering Soeiety of China and the Chinese Association for System Simulation. It appears four times a year in English. The EDITORIAL BOARD strives to publish well,written papers that present important research results within the JOURNAL SCOPE, which includes system analysis, system modeling and simulation, military system analysis, vehicle control, C^3I, radar, information systems engineering, pattern recognition, machine intelligence, artificial neural networks, information acquisition ＆ processing, and topics in all related fields. Readers are encouraged to submit manuscripts which disclose significant technical achievements, indicate exploratoLT developments, or present significant application for scientific and technological frontiers. Manuscripts should be submitted by E-mail named ＂New Manuscript＂ in Word type. All papers are subject to refereeing. Papers should be original and must not have been submitted simultaneously to any other journal. Submitted manuscripts, whether or not they are accepted, will not be returned unless otherwise informed.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273364,11931019,11871070,and 62362062)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020B1515020047)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(231lgbj025)the open fund of Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province(grant no.IMIS202105).
文摘Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics(ST)technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to unveil the spatial heterogeneity of gene expression and cell states within tissues.Despite these capabilities of the ST data,accurately dissecting spatiotemporal structures(e.g.,spatial domains,temporal trajectories,and functional interactions)remains challenging.Here,we introduce a computational framework,PearlST(partial differential equation[PDE]-enhanced adversarial graph autoencoder of ST),for accurate inference of spatiotemporal structures from the ST data using PDE-enhanced adversarial graph autoencoder.PearlST employs contrastive learning to extract histological image features,integrates a PDE-based diffusion model to enhance characterization of spatial features at domain boundaries,and learns the latent low-dimensional embeddings via Wasserstein adversarial regularized graph autoencoders.Comparative analyses across multiple ST datasets with varying resolutions demonstrate that PearlST outperforms existing methods in spatial clustering,trajectory inference,and pseudotime analysis.Furthermore,PearlST elucidates functional regulations of the latent features by linking intercellular ligand-receptor interactions to most contributing genes of the low-dimensional embeddings,as illustrated in a human breast cancer dataset.Overall,PearlST proves to be a powerful tool for extracting interpretable latent features and dissecting intricate spatiotemporal structures in ST data across various biological contexts.
基金National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2007AA12Z216,2007AA120502)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40701134)
文摘Digital China(DC)has recently drawn much attention.It is a strategic project for China in response to the challenge of sustainable development of population,re-source,and environment.Intending to establish the national information infra-structure(NⅡ),the DC project forms a solid foundation for Chinese informatization.In such an NⅡ,multi-sourced spatial data are integrated.They focus on various themes and have different space and time features.Based on the NⅡ,numerous applications and services can be developed so that spatial information will benefit everyone.Since lots of organizations,such as governments,universities,and en-terprises,are involved in the implementation of DC,the DC project will significantly prompt the relevant scientific research as well as economic progress in China.
基金supported by the Laoshan Laboratory(Grant No.LSKJ202202000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12032002,and U22A20256)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No.L212023)。
文摘Vehicle wading is a complex fluid-structure interaction(FSI) problem and has attracted great attention recently from the automotive industry, especially for electric vehicles. As a meshless Lagrangian particle method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) is one of the most suitable candidates for simulations of vehicle wading due to its inherent advantages in modeling free surface flows, splash, and moving interfaces. Nevertheless, the inevitable neighbor query for the nearest adjacent particles among the support domain leads to considerable computational cost and thus limits its application in 3D large-scale simulations. In this work, a GPU-based SPH method is developed with an adaptive spatial sort technology for simulations of vehicle wading. In addition, a fast, easy-to-implement particle generator is presented for isotropic initialization of the complex vehicle geometry with optimal interpolation properties. A comparative study of vehicle wading on a puddle between the GPUbased SPH with two pieces of commercial software is used to verify the capability of the GPU-based SPH method in terms of convergence analysis, kinematic characteristics, and computing performance. Finally, different conditions of vehicle speeds, water depths, and puddle widths are tested to investigate the vehicle wading numerically. The results demonstrate that the adaptive spatial sort technology can significantly improve the computing performance of the GPU-based SPH method and meanwhile promotes the GPU-based SPH method to be a competitive tool for the study of 3D large-scale FSI problems including vehicle wading. Some helpful findings of the critical vehicle speed, water depth as well as boundary wall effect are also reported in this work.
