For spatial based decision making such as choice of best place to construct a new department store, spatial data warehousing system is required more and more previous spatial data warehousing systems; however, provide...For spatial based decision making such as choice of best place to construct a new department store, spatial data warehousing system is required more and more previous spatial data warehousing systems; however, provided decision making of non-spatial data on a map and so those cannot support enough spatial based decision making. The spatial aggregations are proposed for spatial based decision making in spatial data warehouses. The meaning of aggregation operators for applying spatial data was modified and new spatial aggregations were defined. These aggregations can support hierarchical concept of spatial measure. Using these aggregations, the spatial analysis classified by non-spatial data is provided. In case study, how to use these aggregations and how to support spatial based decision making are shown.展开更多
Since web based GIS processes large size spatial geographic information on internet, we should try to improve the efficiency of spatial data query processing and transmission. This paper presents two efficient metho...Since web based GIS processes large size spatial geographic information on internet, we should try to improve the efficiency of spatial data query processing and transmission. This paper presents two efficient methods for this purpose: division transmission and progressive transmission methods. In division transmission method, a map can be divided into several parts, called “tiles”, and only tiles can be transmitted at the request of a client. In progressive transmission method, a map can be split into several phase views based on the significance of vertices, and a server produces a target object and then transmits it progressively when this spatial object is requested from a client. In order to achieve these methods, the algorithms, “tile division”, “priority order estimation” and the strategies for data transmission are proposed in this paper, respectively. Compared with such traditional methods as “map total transmission” and “layer transmission”, the web based GIS data transmission, proposed in this paper, is advantageous in the increase of the data transmission efficiency by a great margin.展开更多
For imbalanced datasets, the focus of classification is to identify samples of the minority class. The performance of current data mining algorithms is not good enough for processing imbalanced datasets. The synthetic...For imbalanced datasets, the focus of classification is to identify samples of the minority class. The performance of current data mining algorithms is not good enough for processing imbalanced datasets. The synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE) is specifically designed for learning from imbalanced datasets, generating synthetic minority class examples by interpolating between minority class examples nearby. However, the SMOTE encounters the overgeneralization problem. The densitybased spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN) is not rigorous when dealing with the samples near the borderline.We optimize the DBSCAN algorithm for this problem to make clustering more reasonable. This paper integrates the optimized DBSCAN and SMOTE, and proposes a density-based synthetic minority over-sampling technique(DSMOTE). First, the optimized DBSCAN is used to divide the samples of the minority class into three groups, including core samples, borderline samples and noise samples, and then the noise samples of minority class is removed to synthesize more effective samples. In order to make full use of the information of core samples and borderline samples,different strategies are used to over-sample core samples and borderline samples. Experiments show that DSMOTE can achieve better results compared with SMOTE and Borderline-SMOTE in terms of precision, recall and F-value.展开更多
Raster type of forest inventory data with site and growing stock variables interpreted for small squareshaped grid cells are increasingly available for forest planning.In Finland,there are two sources of this type of ...Raster type of forest inventory data with site and growing stock variables interpreted for small squareshaped grid cells are increasingly available for forest planning.In Finland,there are two sources of this type of lattice data:the multisource national forest inventory and the inventory that is based on airborne laser scanning(ALS).In both cases,stand variables are interpreted for 16 m×16 m cells.Both data sources cover all private forests of Finland and are freely available for forest planning.This study analyzed different ways to use the ALS raster data in forest planning.The analyses were conducted for a grid of 375×375 cells(140,625 cells,of which 97,893 were productive forest).The basic alternatives were to use the cells as calculation units throughout the planning process,or aggregate the cells into segments before planning calculations.The use of cells made it necessary to use spatial optimization to aggregate cuttings and other treatments into blocks that were large enough for the practical implementation of the plan.In addition,allowing premature cuttings in a part of the cells was a prerequisite for compact treatment areas.The use of segments led to 5–9%higher growth predictions than calculations based on cells.In addition,the areas of the most common fertility classes were overestimated and the areas of rare site classes were underestimated when segments were used.The shape of the treatment blocks was more irregular in cell-based planning.Using cells as calculation units instead of segments led to 20 times longer computing time of the whole planning process than the use of segments when the number of grid cells was approximately 100,000.展开更多
Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-...Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-specific agricultural management and environmental modelling.We examined the utility of legacy pedon data for disaggregating soil polygons and the effectiveness of similarity-based prediction for making use of the under-or over-sampled legacy pedon data for the disaggregation.The method consisted of three steps.First,environmental similarities between the pedon sites and each location were computed based on soil formative environmental factors.Second,according to soil types of the pedon sites,the similarities were aggregated to derive similarity distribution for each soil type.Third,a hardening process was performed on the maps to allocate candidate soil types within the polygons.The study was conducted at the soil subgroup level in a semi-arid area situated in Manitoba,Canada.Based on 186 independent pedon sites,the evaluation of the disaggregated map of soil subgroups showed an overall accuracy of 67% and a Kappa statistic of 0.62.The map represented a better spatial pattern of soil subgroups in both detail and accuracy compared to a dominant soil subgroup map,which was commonly used in practice.Incorrect predictions mainly occurred in the agricultural plain area and the soil subgroups that are very similar in taxonomy,indicating that new environmental covariates need to be developed.We concluded that the combination of legacy pedon data with similarity-based prediction is an effective solution for soil polygon disaggregation.展开更多
【目的】通过分析城市兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,实现场地相关区域城市特征的挖掘,借助黏菌智能体模型接入区域城市特征数据,生成城市公园场地空间结构,为当下城市公园场地设计提供一种复杂系统自组织机制的空间分析方法与设...【目的】通过分析城市兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,实现场地相关区域城市特征的挖掘,借助黏菌智能体模型接入区域城市特征数据,生成城市公园场地空间结构,为当下城市公园场地设计提供一种复杂系统自组织机制的空间分析方法与设计新思路。【方法】采用基于POI数据映射的黏菌智能体空间网络分析设计方法,通过多智能体模型空间信息模拟,探索城市空间功能渗透下城市公园的系统性空间功能关联,从而引导规划场地的结构生形。【结果】基于POI数据映射的黏菌智能体空间网络分析设计方法在中小场地景观设计中具备较高的可行性。多智能体模型对黏菌生长行为的模拟能够有效反映与场地结构关联的城市信息在场地空间中的渗透结果,形成带有自组织路径肌理的场地空间功能分区。【结论】多智能体模型分析借助空间算法,能有效载入场地及其关联系统空间的设计信息,通过智能体粒子模拟群体行为来形成空间关系映射,可为景观设计带来新的思考范式。展开更多
物联网设备持续产出的数据中会掺杂部分异常数据,导致物联网通信数据分类的质量与效率下降。因此,提出一种基于集成学习的物联网通信数据快速分类方法。从物联网设备收集通信数据,利用孤立森林算法确定物联网通信数据样本的异常分值,并...物联网设备持续产出的数据中会掺杂部分异常数据,导致物联网通信数据分类的质量与效率下降。因此,提出一种基于集成学习的物联网通信数据快速分类方法。从物联网设备收集通信数据,利用孤立森林算法确定物联网通信数据样本的异常分值,并去除异常分值较高的数据,通过基于密度的带噪声应用空间聚类(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise,DBSCAN)算法整合去除异常后的数据,结合集成学习算法实现物联网通信数据快速分类。实验结果表明,所提方法的物联网通信数据分类准确率始终在97.2%以上,物联网通信数据分类时间均值约为1.55 s,具有良好的应用潜力。展开更多
基金This research was supported by the MIC ( Ministry of Information and Communication) , Korea , under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the IITA (Institute of Information Technology As-sessment)
文摘For spatial based decision making such as choice of best place to construct a new department store, spatial data warehousing system is required more and more previous spatial data warehousing systems; however, provided decision making of non-spatial data on a map and so those cannot support enough spatial based decision making. The spatial aggregations are proposed for spatial based decision making in spatial data warehouses. The meaning of aggregation operators for applying spatial data was modified and new spatial aggregations were defined. These aggregations can support hierarchical concept of spatial measure. Using these aggregations, the spatial analysis classified by non-spatial data is provided. In case study, how to use these aggregations and how to support spatial based decision making are shown.
文摘Since web based GIS processes large size spatial geographic information on internet, we should try to improve the efficiency of spatial data query processing and transmission. This paper presents two efficient methods for this purpose: division transmission and progressive transmission methods. In division transmission method, a map can be divided into several parts, called “tiles”, and only tiles can be transmitted at the request of a client. In progressive transmission method, a map can be split into several phase views based on the significance of vertices, and a server produces a target object and then transmits it progressively when this spatial object is requested from a client. In order to achieve these methods, the algorithms, “tile division”, “priority order estimation” and the strategies for data transmission are proposed in this paper, respectively. Compared with such traditional methods as “map total transmission” and “layer transmission”, the web based GIS data transmission, proposed in this paper, is advantageous in the increase of the data transmission efficiency by a great margin.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1003700)the Scientific and Technological Support Project(Society)of Jiangsu Province(BE2016776)+2 种基金the“333” project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2017228 BRA2017401)the Talent Project in Six Fields of Jiangsu Province(2015-JNHB-012)
文摘For imbalanced datasets, the focus of classification is to identify samples of the minority class. The performance of current data mining algorithms is not good enough for processing imbalanced datasets. The synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE) is specifically designed for learning from imbalanced datasets, generating synthetic minority class examples by interpolating between minority class examples nearby. However, the SMOTE encounters the overgeneralization problem. The densitybased spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN) is not rigorous when dealing with the samples near the borderline.We optimize the DBSCAN algorithm for this problem to make clustering more reasonable. This paper integrates the optimized DBSCAN and SMOTE, and proposes a density-based synthetic minority over-sampling technique(DSMOTE). First, the optimized DBSCAN is used to divide the samples of the minority class into three groups, including core samples, borderline samples and noise samples, and then the noise samples of minority class is removed to synthesize more effective samples. In order to make full use of the information of core samples and borderline samples,different strategies are used to over-sample core samples and borderline samples. Experiments show that DSMOTE can achieve better results compared with SMOTE and Borderline-SMOTE in terms of precision, recall and F-value.
基金Open access funding provided by University of Eastern Finland (UEF) including Kuopio University Hospital
文摘Raster type of forest inventory data with site and growing stock variables interpreted for small squareshaped grid cells are increasingly available for forest planning.In Finland,there are two sources of this type of lattice data:the multisource national forest inventory and the inventory that is based on airborne laser scanning(ALS).In both cases,stand variables are interpreted for 16 m×16 m cells.Both data sources cover all private forests of Finland and are freely available for forest planning.This study analyzed different ways to use the ALS raster data in forest planning.The analyses were conducted for a grid of 375×375 cells(140,625 cells,of which 97,893 were productive forest).The basic alternatives were to use the cells as calculation units throughout the planning process,or aggregate the cells into segments before planning calculations.The use of cells made it necessary to use spatial optimization to aggregate cuttings and other treatments into blocks that were large enough for the practical implementation of the plan.In addition,allowing premature cuttings in a part of the cells was a prerequisite for compact treatment areas.The use of segments led to 5–9%higher growth predictions than calculations based on cells.In addition,the areas of the most common fertility classes were overestimated and the areas of rare site classes were underestimated when segments were used.The shape of the treatment blocks was more irregular in cell-based planning.Using cells as calculation units instead of segments led to 20 times longer computing time of the whole planning process than the use of segments when the number of grid cells was approximately 100,000.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130530,91325301,41431177,41571212,41401237)the Project of "One-Three-Five" Strategic Planning & Frontier Sciences of the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSASIP1622)+1 种基金the Government Interest Related Program between Canadian Space Agency and Agriculture and Agri-Food,Canada (13MOA01002)the Natural Science Research Program of Jiangsu Province (14KJA170001)
文摘Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-specific agricultural management and environmental modelling.We examined the utility of legacy pedon data for disaggregating soil polygons and the effectiveness of similarity-based prediction for making use of the under-or over-sampled legacy pedon data for the disaggregation.The method consisted of three steps.First,environmental similarities between the pedon sites and each location were computed based on soil formative environmental factors.Second,according to soil types of the pedon sites,the similarities were aggregated to derive similarity distribution for each soil type.Third,a hardening process was performed on the maps to allocate candidate soil types within the polygons.The study was conducted at the soil subgroup level in a semi-arid area situated in Manitoba,Canada.Based on 186 independent pedon sites,the evaluation of the disaggregated map of soil subgroups showed an overall accuracy of 67% and a Kappa statistic of 0.62.The map represented a better spatial pattern of soil subgroups in both detail and accuracy compared to a dominant soil subgroup map,which was commonly used in practice.Incorrect predictions mainly occurred in the agricultural plain area and the soil subgroups that are very similar in taxonomy,indicating that new environmental covariates need to be developed.We concluded that the combination of legacy pedon data with similarity-based prediction is an effective solution for soil polygon disaggregation.
文摘【目的】通过分析城市兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,实现场地相关区域城市特征的挖掘,借助黏菌智能体模型接入区域城市特征数据,生成城市公园场地空间结构,为当下城市公园场地设计提供一种复杂系统自组织机制的空间分析方法与设计新思路。【方法】采用基于POI数据映射的黏菌智能体空间网络分析设计方法,通过多智能体模型空间信息模拟,探索城市空间功能渗透下城市公园的系统性空间功能关联,从而引导规划场地的结构生形。【结果】基于POI数据映射的黏菌智能体空间网络分析设计方法在中小场地景观设计中具备较高的可行性。多智能体模型对黏菌生长行为的模拟能够有效反映与场地结构关联的城市信息在场地空间中的渗透结果,形成带有自组织路径肌理的场地空间功能分区。【结论】多智能体模型分析借助空间算法,能有效载入场地及其关联系统空间的设计信息,通过智能体粒子模拟群体行为来形成空间关系映射,可为景观设计带来新的思考范式。
文摘物联网设备持续产出的数据中会掺杂部分异常数据,导致物联网通信数据分类的质量与效率下降。因此,提出一种基于集成学习的物联网通信数据快速分类方法。从物联网设备收集通信数据,利用孤立森林算法确定物联网通信数据样本的异常分值,并去除异常分值较高的数据,通过基于密度的带噪声应用空间聚类(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise,DBSCAN)算法整合去除异常后的数据,结合集成学习算法实现物联网通信数据快速分类。实验结果表明,所提方法的物联网通信数据分类准确率始终在97.2%以上,物联网通信数据分类时间均值约为1.55 s,具有良好的应用潜力。
