The temperature distributions of different parts of a subgrade were analyzed based on the results of three years of moni- toring data from the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line, a high-speed railway, including ...The temperature distributions of different parts of a subgrade were analyzed based on the results of three years of moni- toring data from the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line, a high-speed railway, including the slope toes, shoulders, and natural ground. The temperature variation with time and the maximum frozen depths showed that an obvious sun- ny-shady effect exists in the railway subgrade, which spans a seasonal frozen region. Development of frost heave is af- fected by the asymmetric temperature distribution. The temperature field and the maximum frozen depths 50 years after the subgrade was built were simulated with a mathematical model of the unsteady phase transition of the geothermal field.展开更多
The moral slippery slope effect refers to the phenomenon where,within groups or organizations,the incidence of individual unethical behaviors increases and escalates over time.To systematically identify factors that d...The moral slippery slope effect refers to the phenomenon where,within groups or organizations,the incidence of individual unethical behaviors increases and escalates over time.To systematically identify factors that drive the disappearance of this effect,three studies were conducted using a 20-round spontaneous deception task.Study 1 compared the trend of the moral slippery slope effect under accumulative versus non-accumulative pay conditions.Results indicated that the moral slippery slope effect disappeared under accumulative pay but persisted under non-accumulative pay.Studies 2 and 3 further examined the moderating role of pay satisfaction in the moral slippery slope effect,specifically under accumulative pay.Results revealed that pay satisfaction significantly moderated the relationship between experimental rounds and the moral slippery slope effect:the effect persisted when participants reported low pay satisfaction but disappeared when pay satisfaction was high.Collectively,these findings confirm two key conclusions:(1)accumulative pay is a necessary prerequisite for the disappearance of the moral slippery slope effect;(2)pay satisfaction moderates the disappearance of this effect under accumulative pay.This study provides empirical support for moral balance theory and offers practical implications for organizations:designing accumulative pay systems and aligning pay with employee expectations can effectively prevent moral decline by enhancing pay satisfaction.展开更多
The sunny-shady slopes effect is a phenomenon that impacts the temperature distribution of high-speed railway subgrades,resulting in uneven frost heaving deformation on the subgrade surface,which in turn causes static...The sunny-shady slopes effect is a phenomenon that impacts the temperature distribution of high-speed railway subgrades,resulting in uneven frost heaving deformation on the subgrade surface,which in turn causes static irregularity in the slab track.Based on the hydraulics theory,a thermal-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupled model of frozen soil is established and verified.We explore the process and characteristics of the temperature field and deformation of soil during the freezing process of high-speed railway subgrades and analyze the track irregularity variation law of China Railway Track SystemⅢslab tracks under uneven frost heaving deformation.The results show that,because the left and right slopes of high-speed railway subgrade are exposed to different amounts of solar radiation,which is the key factor causing uneven frost heaving of subgrade.Different strike angles cause changes in temperature of the subgrade’s upper part and the frost heaving amount on the surface,leading to differences in the deformation of the slab track structure:Increased strike angle weakens the rail level irregularity of the down line and marginally increases the rail level irregularity of the up line,and these become consistent in north-south directions.Therefore,when selecting railway lines in seasonal frozen areas,the west-east direction should be avoided to prevent the extremes in sunny-shady slopes effect on subgrades.展开更多
The conventional pseudo-static approach often neglects the effect of the vertical＇ seismic acceleration on the stability of a slope, but some analyses under plane-strain （2D） conditions show a significant effect on...The conventional pseudo-static approach often neglects the effect of the vertical＇ seismic acceleration on the stability of a slope, but some analyses under plane-strain （2D） conditions show a significant effect on the slope stability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the vertical acceleration on the safety of three-dimensional （3D） slopes. In the strict framework of limit analysis, a 3D kinematically admissible rotational failure mechanism is adopted here for 3D homogeneous slopes in frictional/cohesive soils. A set of stability charts is presented in a wide range of parameters for 3D slopes under combined horizontal and vertical seismic loading conditions. Accounting for the effects of the vertical seismic acceleration, the difference in safety factors for 3D slopes can exceed 10%, which will significantly overestimate the safety of the 3D slopes.展开更多
Nonlinear effect is of importance to waves propagating from deep water to shallow water. The non-linearity of waves is widely discussed due to its high precision in application. But there are still some problems in de...Nonlinear effect is of importance to waves propagating from deep water to shallow water. The non-linearity of waves is widely discussed due to its high precision in application. But there are still some problems in dealing with the nonlinear waves in practice. In this paper, a modified form of mild-slope equation with weakly nonlinear effect is derived by use of the nonlinear dispersion relation and the steady mild-slope equation containing energy dissipation. The modified form of mild-slope equation is convenient to solve nonlinear effect of waves. The model is tested against the laboratory measurement for the case of a submerged elliptical shoal on a slope beach given by Berkhoff et al. The present numerical results are also compared with those obtained through linear wave theory. Better agreement is obtained as the modified mild-slope equation is employed. And the modified mild-slope equation can reasonably simulate the weakly nonlinear effect of wave propagation from deep water to coast.展开更多
This study aims at exploring the void space gas effect of earthquake-triggered slope instability and providing a new method for studying the formation mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides. We analysed the basi...This study aims at exploring the void space gas effect of earthquake-triggered slope instability and providing a new method for studying the formation mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides. We analysed the basic characteristics, kinematic characteristics, initiation mechanisms and physical mechanical parameters of the Daguangbao landslide, generalized a landslide prototype, and established a geological model and performed simulation tests. Based on the seismic wave propagation theory of rock-soil mass, rock fracture mechanics and the effective stress principle, we found that the void space gas effect is due to the occurrence of excess void space gas pressure when the dynamic response of seismic loads impacts the void space gas in weak intercalated layers of the slope. The excess void space gas pressure generated by the vibration(earthquake) damages the rock mass around the void space with a certain regularity. The model test results show that the effective shear strength of the rock mass can be reduced by 4.4% to 21.6% due to the void space gas effect.展开更多
无限边坡稳定性(stability index mapping,SINMAP)模型在评价降雨作用下各孕灾因子对滑坡的贡献率时较为随机,分形理论方法可弥补SINMAP模型的单尺度分析局限,通过优化输入参数来研究各孕灾因子对滑坡发育的贡献率.本文以山西省临县为例...无限边坡稳定性(stability index mapping,SINMAP)模型在评价降雨作用下各孕灾因子对滑坡的贡献率时较为随机,分形理论方法可弥补SINMAP模型的单尺度分析局限,通过优化输入参数来研究各孕灾因子对滑坡发育的贡献率.本文以山西省临县为例,首先使用分形理论探究各滑坡孕灾因子对临县滑坡发育规律的影响.随后基于SINMAP模型对不同降雨强度等级下研究区内地表斜坡稳定性进行评价.结果表明:坡度、坡向2种因子和滑坡灾害之间存在二阶累计变维分形,而高程因子与滑坡灾害间具有三阶累计变维分形关系,与滑坡发育相关性最高;随着降雨强度的增大,研究区内不稳定区域面积占比由35.51%增长至49.71%,稳定区域逐渐向失稳区域转变,呈现出由中心向四周逐渐变差的分布状态,且滑坡密度始终保持在极不稳定区最大,极稳定区最小.本研究可为临县的黄土滑坡灾害减灾防灾提供参考.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51378057 and 41371081)Scientific and Technological Research and Development Plan of Chinese Railway Corporation(2014G003-A)
文摘The temperature distributions of different parts of a subgrade were analyzed based on the results of three years of moni- toring data from the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line, a high-speed railway, including the slope toes, shoulders, and natural ground. The temperature variation with time and the maximum frozen depths showed that an obvious sun- ny-shady effect exists in the railway subgrade, which spans a seasonal frozen region. Development of frost heave is af- fected by the asymmetric temperature distribution. The temperature field and the maximum frozen depths 50 years after the subgrade was built were simulated with a mathematical model of the unsteady phase transition of the geothermal field.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project(grant number 25NDJC001ZD).
文摘The moral slippery slope effect refers to the phenomenon where,within groups or organizations,the incidence of individual unethical behaviors increases and escalates over time.To systematically identify factors that drive the disappearance of this effect,three studies were conducted using a 20-round spontaneous deception task.Study 1 compared the trend of the moral slippery slope effect under accumulative versus non-accumulative pay conditions.Results indicated that the moral slippery slope effect disappeared under accumulative pay but persisted under non-accumulative pay.Studies 2 and 3 further examined the moderating role of pay satisfaction in the moral slippery slope effect,specifically under accumulative pay.Results revealed that pay satisfaction significantly moderated the relationship between experimental rounds and the moral slippery slope effect:the effect persisted when participants reported low pay satisfaction but disappeared when pay satisfaction was high.Collectively,these findings confirm two key conclusions:(1)accumulative pay is a necessary prerequisite for the disappearance of the moral slippery slope effect;(2)pay satisfaction moderates the disappearance of this effect under accumulative pay.This study provides empirical support for moral balance theory and offers practical implications for organizations:designing accumulative pay systems and aligning pay with employee expectations can effectively prevent moral decline by enhancing pay satisfaction.
基金Projects(2021YFF0502100,2021YFB2600900)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(52022085,52278461)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(22CXTD0051)supported by Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team,China。
文摘The sunny-shady slopes effect is a phenomenon that impacts the temperature distribution of high-speed railway subgrades,resulting in uneven frost heaving deformation on the subgrade surface,which in turn causes static irregularity in the slab track.Based on the hydraulics theory,a thermal-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupled model of frozen soil is established and verified.We explore the process and characteristics of the temperature field and deformation of soil during the freezing process of high-speed railway subgrades and analyze the track irregularity variation law of China Railway Track SystemⅢslab tracks under uneven frost heaving deformation.The results show that,because the left and right slopes of high-speed railway subgrade are exposed to different amounts of solar radiation,which is the key factor causing uneven frost heaving of subgrade.Different strike angles cause changes in temperature of the subgrade’s upper part and the frost heaving amount on the surface,leading to differences in the deformation of the slab track structure:Increased strike angle weakens the rail level irregularity of the down line and marginally increases the rail level irregularity of the up line,and these become consistent in north-south directions.Therefore,when selecting railway lines in seasonal frozen areas,the west-east direction should be avoided to prevent the extremes in sunny-shady slopes effect on subgrades.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51508160,No.51479050 and No.51278382National Key Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2015CB057901+3 种基金the Public Service Sector R&D Project of the Ministry of Water Resource of China under Grant No.201501035-03the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2014B06814,No.2014B33414 and No.B15020060the 111 Project under Grant No.B13024the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No.CXZZ13_0242
文摘The conventional pseudo-static approach often neglects the effect of the vertical＇ seismic acceleration on the stability of a slope, but some analyses under plane-strain （2D） conditions show a significant effect on the slope stability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the vertical acceleration on the safety of three-dimensional （3D） slopes. In the strict framework of limit analysis, a 3D kinematically admissible rotational failure mechanism is adopted here for 3D homogeneous slopes in frictional/cohesive soils. A set of stability charts is presented in a wide range of parameters for 3D slopes under combined horizontal and vertical seismic loading conditions. Accounting for the effects of the vertical seismic acceleration, the difference in safety factors for 3D slopes can exceed 10%, which will significantly overestimate the safety of the 3D slopes.
文摘Nonlinear effect is of importance to waves propagating from deep water to shallow water. The non-linearity of waves is widely discussed due to its high precision in application. But there are still some problems in dealing with the nonlinear waves in practice. In this paper, a modified form of mild-slope equation with weakly nonlinear effect is derived by use of the nonlinear dispersion relation and the steady mild-slope equation containing energy dissipation. The modified form of mild-slope equation is convenient to solve nonlinear effect of waves. The model is tested against the laboratory measurement for the case of a submerged elliptical shoal on a slope beach given by Berkhoff et al. The present numerical results are also compared with those obtained through linear wave theory. Better agreement is obtained as the modified mild-slope equation is employed. And the modified mild-slope equation can reasonably simulate the weakly nonlinear effect of wave propagation from deep water to coast.
基金funded by the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (No.SKLGP2016Z015)the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41572308)
文摘This study aims at exploring the void space gas effect of earthquake-triggered slope instability and providing a new method for studying the formation mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides. We analysed the basic characteristics, kinematic characteristics, initiation mechanisms and physical mechanical parameters of the Daguangbao landslide, generalized a landslide prototype, and established a geological model and performed simulation tests. Based on the seismic wave propagation theory of rock-soil mass, rock fracture mechanics and the effective stress principle, we found that the void space gas effect is due to the occurrence of excess void space gas pressure when the dynamic response of seismic loads impacts the void space gas in weak intercalated layers of the slope. The excess void space gas pressure generated by the vibration(earthquake) damages the rock mass around the void space with a certain regularity. The model test results show that the effective shear strength of the rock mass can be reduced by 4.4% to 21.6% due to the void space gas effect.
文摘无限边坡稳定性(stability index mapping,SINMAP)模型在评价降雨作用下各孕灾因子对滑坡的贡献率时较为随机,分形理论方法可弥补SINMAP模型的单尺度分析局限,通过优化输入参数来研究各孕灾因子对滑坡发育的贡献率.本文以山西省临县为例,首先使用分形理论探究各滑坡孕灾因子对临县滑坡发育规律的影响.随后基于SINMAP模型对不同降雨强度等级下研究区内地表斜坡稳定性进行评价.结果表明:坡度、坡向2种因子和滑坡灾害之间存在二阶累计变维分形,而高程因子与滑坡灾害间具有三阶累计变维分形关系,与滑坡发育相关性最高;随着降雨强度的增大,研究区内不稳定区域面积占比由35.51%增长至49.71%,稳定区域逐渐向失稳区域转变,呈现出由中心向四周逐渐变差的分布状态,且滑坡密度始终保持在极不稳定区最大,极稳定区最小.本研究可为临县的黄土滑坡灾害减灾防灾提供参考.
