The relationship between the evolution of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the evolution of mass estimated as body weight in complex organisms such as human beings show the association between dissipated energy and ...The relationship between the evolution of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the evolution of mass estimated as body weight in complex organisms such as human beings show the association between dissipated energy and information recovered as material structure. In such a context, it is necessary to highlight that the metabolic rate estimated as the energy dissipated per unit of mass presents the same rate of change as the mechanical speed estimated as distance traveled per unit of time. We describe this as a logical equivalence that has consequences on the geometry of the system. Our study proposes to describe the relationships between BMR, body weight, and the geometry of these systems in the same way that relativistic mechanics describes the relationships between matter, speed, and the geometry of the space in which the variables of a physical system are defined. It is exactly the same mechanical description, but considering five dimensions instead of four. The concept of information density limit is decisive in this theoretical framework since it contributes to explaining the changes in the geometry of these systems, their order-chaos transitions, and their general holographic description.展开更多
Characteristics of organic matter may affect the residual aluminum after the coagulation process. This study reported the results of a survey for one drinking water treatment plant and measured the concentration of re...Characteristics of organic matter may affect the residual aluminum after the coagulation process. This study reported the results of a survey for one drinking water treatment plant and measured the concentration of residual aluminum species with different molecular weights.Survey results indicated that humic acid or organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than 1500 Da had significant effects on residual aluminum. All the treatment processes were ineffective in removing dissolved organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than1500 Da. These results also indicated that the addition of sand or polyacrylamide in the coagulation process could greatly decrease the concentration of humic acid, and the concentration of residual aluminum also decreased. These results revealed that for all water samples after filtration, the majority of total residual aluminum existed in the form of total dissolved aluminum, accounting for 70%–90%. The concentration of residual aluminum produced in bovine serum albumin solutions indicated that when the DOC was larger than4.0 mg/L, there were still significant differences when the solution p H value varied from 4.0 to 9.0.展开更多
We present a dynamical model of two-dimensional polydisperse granular gases with fractal size distribution, in which the disks are subject to inelastic mutual collisions and driven by standard white noise. The inhomog...We present a dynamical model of two-dimensional polydisperse granular gases with fractal size distribution, in which the disks are subject to inelastic mutual collisions and driven by standard white noise. The inhomogeneity of the disk size distribution can be measured by a fractal dimension df. By Monte Carlo simulations, we have mainly investigated the effect of the inhomogeneity on the statistical properties of the system in the same inelasticity case. Some novel results are found that the average energy of the system decays exponentially with a tendency to achieve a stable asymptotic value, and the system finally reaches a nonequilibrium steady state after a long evolution time. Furthermore, the inhomogeneity has great influence on the steady-state statistical properties. With the increase of the fractal dimension df, the distributions of path lengths and free times between collisions deviate more obviously from expected theoretical forms for elastic spheres and have an overpopulation of short distances and time bins. The collision rate increases with df, but it is independent of time. Meanwhile, the velocity distribution deviates more strongly from the Gaussian one, but does not demonstrate any apparent universal behavior.展开更多
Nonwovens＇ pore structures are very important to their mechanical and physical properties. And the pore structures are influenced by the fiber properties and fibers arrangement in web. In this paper, the fractal geom...Nonwovens＇ pore structures are very important to their mechanical and physical properties. And the pore structures are influenced by the fiber properties and fibers arrangement in web. In this paper, the fractal geometry, in combination with computer image anaysis, is used to express the irregularity of pore size distribution in nonwovens, and the effect of fiber properties on fractal dimension of pore size distribution is discussed by using simulated images which are composed of nonlinear staple fibers. The results show that the fiber properties, such as crimp, diameter, angular distribution, and especially the number of fibers prominently influence the pore structure.展开更多
Cell size of bacteria M is related to 3 temporal parameters:chromosome replication time C,period from replication-termination to subsequent division D,and doubling time t.Steady-state,bacillary cells grow exponentiall...Cell size of bacteria M is related to 3 temporal parameters:chromosome replication time C,period from replication-termination to subsequent division D,and doubling time t.Steady-state,bacillary cells grow exponentially by extending length L only,but their constant width W is larger at shorter t‘s or longer C's,in proportion to the number of chromosome replication positions n(?C/t),at least in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.Extending C by thymine limitation of fast-growing thyA mutants result in continuous increase of M,associated with rising W,up to a limit before branching.A set of such puzzling observations is qualitatively consistent with the view that the actual cell mass(or volume)at the time of replication-initiation Mi(or Vi),usually relatively constant in growth at varying t0s,rises with time under thymine limitation of fast-growing,thymine-requiring E.coli strains.The hypothesis will be tested that presumes existence of a minimal distance lmin between successive moving replisomes,translated into the time needed for a replisome to reach lmin before a newreplication-initiation at oriC is allowed,termed Eclipse E.Preliminary analysis of currently available data is inconsistent with a constant E under all conditions,hence other explanations andways to test themare proposed in an attempt to elucidate these and other results.The complex hypothesis takes into account much of what is currently known about Bacterial Physiology:the relationships between cell dimensions,growth and cycle parameters,particularly nucleoid structure,replication and position,and themode of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.Further experiments arementioned that are necessary to test the discussed ideas and hypotheses.展开更多
文摘The relationship between the evolution of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the evolution of mass estimated as body weight in complex organisms such as human beings show the association between dissipated energy and information recovered as material structure. In such a context, it is necessary to highlight that the metabolic rate estimated as the energy dissipated per unit of mass presents the same rate of change as the mechanical speed estimated as distance traveled per unit of time. We describe this as a logical equivalence that has consequences on the geometry of the system. Our study proposes to describe the relationships between BMR, body weight, and the geometry of these systems in the same way that relativistic mechanics describes the relationships between matter, speed, and the geometry of the space in which the variables of a physical system are defined. It is exactly the same mechanical description, but considering five dimensions instead of four. The concept of information density limit is decisive in this theoretical framework since it contributes to explaining the changes in the geometry of these systems, their order-chaos transitions, and their general holographic description.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51608515,51025830,51008293,51578527,41201498,51138008,51138010,51308008,21677156)
文摘Characteristics of organic matter may affect the residual aluminum after the coagulation process. This study reported the results of a survey for one drinking water treatment plant and measured the concentration of residual aluminum species with different molecular weights.Survey results indicated that humic acid or organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than 1500 Da had significant effects on residual aluminum. All the treatment processes were ineffective in removing dissolved organic matter whose molecular weight was smaller than1500 Da. These results also indicated that the addition of sand or polyacrylamide in the coagulation process could greatly decrease the concentration of humic acid, and the concentration of residual aluminum also decreased. These results revealed that for all water samples after filtration, the majority of total residual aluminum existed in the form of total dissolved aluminum, accounting for 70%–90%. The concentration of residual aluminum produced in bovine serum albumin solutions indicated that when the DOC was larger than4.0 mg/L, there were still significant differences when the solution p H value varied from 4.0 to 9.0.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10675048the Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Hubei Province of China under Grant Nos.D200628002 and kz0627
文摘We present a dynamical model of two-dimensional polydisperse granular gases with fractal size distribution, in which the disks are subject to inelastic mutual collisions and driven by standard white noise. The inhomogeneity of the disk size distribution can be measured by a fractal dimension df. By Monte Carlo simulations, we have mainly investigated the effect of the inhomogeneity on the statistical properties of the system in the same inelasticity case. Some novel results are found that the average energy of the system decays exponentially with a tendency to achieve a stable asymptotic value, and the system finally reaches a nonequilibrium steady state after a long evolution time. Furthermore, the inhomogeneity has great influence on the steady-state statistical properties. With the increase of the fractal dimension df, the distributions of path lengths and free times between collisions deviate more obviously from expected theoretical forms for elastic spheres and have an overpopulation of short distances and time bins. The collision rate increases with df, but it is independent of time. Meanwhile, the velocity distribution deviates more strongly from the Gaussian one, but does not demonstrate any apparent universal behavior.
文摘Nonwovens＇ pore structures are very important to their mechanical and physical properties. And the pore structures are influenced by the fiber properties and fibers arrangement in web. In this paper, the fractal geometry, in combination with computer image anaysis, is used to express the irregularity of pore size distribution in nonwovens, and the effect of fiber properties on fractal dimension of pore size distribution is discussed by using simulated images which are composed of nonlinear staple fibers. The results show that the fiber properties, such as crimp, diameter, angular distribution, and especially the number of fibers prominently influence the pore structure.
基金This was partially supported by 863 Program(SS2015AA020936)The Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar Grant(No.S2013050016987)The Shenzhen Peacock Team Project(KQTD2015033117210153)to C.L。
文摘Cell size of bacteria M is related to 3 temporal parameters:chromosome replication time C,period from replication-termination to subsequent division D,and doubling time t.Steady-state,bacillary cells grow exponentially by extending length L only,but their constant width W is larger at shorter t‘s or longer C's,in proportion to the number of chromosome replication positions n(?C/t),at least in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.Extending C by thymine limitation of fast-growing thyA mutants result in continuous increase of M,associated with rising W,up to a limit before branching.A set of such puzzling observations is qualitatively consistent with the view that the actual cell mass(or volume)at the time of replication-initiation Mi(or Vi),usually relatively constant in growth at varying t0s,rises with time under thymine limitation of fast-growing,thymine-requiring E.coli strains.The hypothesis will be tested that presumes existence of a minimal distance lmin between successive moving replisomes,translated into the time needed for a replisome to reach lmin before a newreplication-initiation at oriC is allowed,termed Eclipse E.Preliminary analysis of currently available data is inconsistent with a constant E under all conditions,hence other explanations andways to test themare proposed in an attempt to elucidate these and other results.The complex hypothesis takes into account much of what is currently known about Bacterial Physiology:the relationships between cell dimensions,growth and cycle parameters,particularly nucleoid structure,replication and position,and themode of peptidoglycan biosynthesis.Further experiments arementioned that are necessary to test the discussed ideas and hypotheses.
