Unmarried middle-class Chinese women making new lifestyle choices IF she followed tradition, at 27,Ru Li should have been a housewife raising a baby,along with all of her friends.However the free-spirited woman is cur...Unmarried middle-class Chinese women making new lifestyle choices IF she followed tradition, at 27,Ru Li should have been a housewife raising a baby,along with all of her friends.However the free-spirited woman is currently attending a training course for makeup展开更多
Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection ...Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.展开更多
Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibite...Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibited very high performance in peroxymonosulfate activation.The Fe single-atom filled an N vacancy on the triazine ring edge of C_(3)N_(4),as confirmed through X-ray absorption fine structure,density functional calculation and elec-tron paramagnetic resonance.The SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system could completely remove phenol(20 mg/L)within 10 min and its first-order kinetic constant was 12.3 times that of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/PMS system.Under different ini-tial pH levels and in various anionic environments,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) still demonstrated excellent catalytic activity,achieving a removal rate of over 90%for phenol within 12 min.In addition,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) exhibited outstanding selectivity in reaction systems with different pollutants,showing excellent degradation effects on electron-rich pollutants only.Hydroxyl radicals(•OH),singlet oxygen(1O_(2))and high-valent iron oxide(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)were de-tected in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system through free radical capture experiments.Further experiments on the quenching of active species and a methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe confirmed that 1O_(2) and Fe(Ⅳ)=O played dom-inant roles.Additionally,the change in the current response after adding PMS and phenol in succession proved that a direct electron transfer path between organic matter and the catalyst surface was unlikely to exist in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS/Phenol degradation system.This study provides a new demonstration of the catalytic mech-anism of single-atom catalysts.展开更多
Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types ...Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types involved in this process,the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile distinct cell populations at different stages of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.Our analysis revealed that multiple subpopulations of neurons showed persistent activation of genes associated with axonal regeneration post injury,while molecular signals promoting growth cone collapse were inhibited.Radial glial cells exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation potential post injury,indicating their intrinsic roles in promoting neurogenesis and axonal regeneration,respectively.Additionally,we found that inflammatory factors rapidly decreased in the early stages following spinal cord injury,creating a microenvironment permissive for tissue repair and regeneration.Furthermore,oligodendrocytes lost maturity markers while exhibiting increased proliferation following injury.These findings demonstrated that the rapid and orderly regulation of inflammation,as well as the efficient proliferation and redifferentiation of new neurons and glial cells,enabled zebrafish to reconstruct the spinal cord.This research provides new insights into the cellular transitions and molecular programs that drive spinal cord regeneration,offering promising avenues for future research and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
High-throughput transcriptomics has evolved from bulk RNA-seq to single-cell and spatial profiling,yet its clinical translation still depends on effective integration across diverse omics and data modalities.Emerging ...High-throughput transcriptomics has evolved from bulk RNA-seq to single-cell and spatial profiling,yet its clinical translation still depends on effective integration across diverse omics and data modalities.Emerging foundation models and multimodal learning frameworks are enabling scalable and transferable representations of cellular states,while advances in interpretability and real-world data integration are bridging the gap between discovery and clinical application.This paper outlines a concise roadmap for AI-driven,transcriptome-centered multi-omics integration in precision medicine(Figure 1).展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more important.Large datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of AD.However,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable knowledge.Importantly,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.展开更多
The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon ...The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon sources in the near-infrared band(λ∼700–1000 nm),several challenges have yet to be addressed for ideal single-photon emission at the telecommunication band.In this study,we present a droplet-epitaxy strategy for O-band to C-band single-photon source-based semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)using metal-organic vaporphase epitaxy(MOVPE).By investigating the growth conditions of the epitaxial process,we have successfully synthesized InAs/InP QDs with narrow emission lines spanning a broad spectral range of λ∼1200–1600 nm.The morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy.The recorded single-photon purity of a plain QD structure reaches g^((2))(0)=0.16,with a radiative recombination lifetime as short as 1.5 ns.This work provides a crucial platform for future research on integrated microcavity enhancement techniques and coupled QDs with other quantum photonics in the telecom bands,offering significant prospects for quantum network applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis th...BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis through binding to dif-ferent ligands.AIM To evaluate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of ACVR1C and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in Chinese Han population.METHODS In this hospital-based cohort study,1043 ESCC patients and 1143 healthy controls were enrolled.Five SNPs(rs4664229,rs4556933,rs77886248,rs77263459,rs6734630)of ACVR1C were assessed by the ligation detection reaction method.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test,genetic model analysis,stratified analysis,linkage disequi-librium test,and haplotype analysis were conducted.RESULTS Participants carrying ACVR1C rs4556933 GA mutant had significantly decreased risk of ESCC,and those with rs77886248 TA mutant were related with higher risk,especially in older male smokers.In the haplotype analysis,ACVR1C Trs4664229Ars4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 increased risk of ESCC,while Trs4664229Grs4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 was associated with lower susceptibility to ESCC.CONCLUSION ACVR1C rs4556933 and rs77886248 SNPs were associated with the susceptibility to ESCC,which could provide a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in Chinese Han population.展开更多
Security and safety remain paramount concerns for both governments and individuals worldwide.In today’s context,the frequency of crimes and terrorist attacks is alarmingly increasing,becoming increasingly intolerable...Security and safety remain paramount concerns for both governments and individuals worldwide.In today’s context,the frequency of crimes and terrorist attacks is alarmingly increasing,becoming increasingly intolerable to society.Consequently,there is a pressing need for swift identification of potential threats to preemptively alert law enforcement and security forces,thereby preventing potential attacks or violent incidents.Recent advancements in big data analytics and deep learning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of computer vision in object detection,particularly in identifying firearms.This paper introduces a novel automatic firearm detection surveillance system,utilizing a one-stage detection approach named MARIE(Mechanism for Realtime Identification of Firearms).MARIE incorporates the Single Shot Multibox Detector(SSD)model,which has been specifically optimized to balance the speed-accuracy trade-off critical in firearm detection applications.The SSD model was further refined by integrating MobileNetV2 and InceptionV2 architectures for superior feature extraction capabilities.The experimental results demonstrate that this modified SSD configuration provides highly satisfactory performance,surpassing existing methods trained on the same dataset in terms of the critical speedaccuracy trade-off.Through these innovations,MARIE sets a new standard in surveillance technology,offering a robust solution to enhance public safety effectively.展开更多
The high-cycle fatigue fracture characteristics and damage mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloys at 850℃ was investigated.The results indicate that high-cycle fatigue cracks in single crystal superallo...The high-cycle fatigue fracture characteristics and damage mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloys at 850℃ was investigated.The results indicate that high-cycle fatigue cracks in single crystal superalloys generally originate from defect locations on the subsurface or interior of the specimen at 850℃.Under the condition of stress ratio R=0.05,as the fatigue load decreases,the high-cycle fatigue life gradually increases.The high-cycle fatigue fracture is mainly characterized by octahedral slip mechanism.At high stress and low lifespan,the fracture exhibits single or multiple slip surface features.Some fractures originate along a vertical small plane and then propagate along the{111}slip surface.At low stress and high lifespan,the fracture surface tend to alternate and expand along multiple slip planes after originating from subsurface or internal sources,exhibiting characteristics of multiple slip planes.Through electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis,there is obvious oxidation behavior on the surface of the high-cycle fatigue fracture,and the fracture section is composed of oxidation layer,distortion layer,and matrix layer from the outside to the inside.Among them,the main components of the oxidation layer are oxides of Ni and Co.The distortion layer is mainly distributed in the form of elongated or short rod-shaped oxides of Al,Ta,and W.The matrix layer is a single crystal layer.Crack initiation and propagation mechanism were obtained by systematical analysis of a large number of highcycle fatigue fractures.In addition,the stress ratio of 0.05 is closer to the vibration mode of turbine blades during actual service,providing effective guidance for the study of failure and fracture mechanisms of turbine blades.展开更多
Exploiting non-precious metal catalysts with excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance for energy devices is paramount essential for the green and sustainable society development.Herein,low-cost,high-perform...Exploiting non-precious metal catalysts with excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance for energy devices is paramount essential for the green and sustainable society development.Herein,low-cost,high-performance biomass-derived ORR catalysts with an asymmetric Fe-N_(3)P configuration was prepared by a simple pyrolysis-etching technique,where carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)was used as the carbon source,urea and 1,10-phenanthroline iron complex(FePhen)as additives,and Na_(3)PO_(4)as the phosphorus dopant and a pore-forming agent.The CMC-derived FeNPC catalyst displayed a large specific area(BET:1235 m^(2)g^(-1))with atomically dispersed Fe-N_(3)P active sites,which exhibited superior ORR activity and stability in alkaline solution(E_(1/2)=0.90 V vs.RHE)and Zn-air batteries(P_(max)=149 mW cm^(-2))to commercial Pt/C catalyst(E_(1/2)=0.87 V,P_(max)=118 mW cm^(-2))under similar experimental conditions.This work provides a feasible and costeffective route toward highly efficient ORR catalysts and their application to Zn-air batteries for energy conversion.展开更多
In contrast to research on active sites in nanomaterials,lithium tantalate single crystals,known for their exceptional optical properties and long-range ordered lattice structure,present a promising avenue for in-dept...In contrast to research on active sites in nanomaterials,lithium tantalate single crystals,known for their exceptional optical properties and long-range ordered lattice structure,present a promising avenue for in-depth exploration of photocatalytic reaction systems with fewer constraints imposed by surface chemistry.Typically,the isotropy of a specific facet provides a perfect support for studying heteroatom doping.Herein,this work delves into the intrinsic catalytic sites for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation in iron-doped lithium tantalate single crystals.The presence of iron not only modifies the electronic structure of lithium tantalate,improving its light absorption capacity,but also functions as an active site for the nitrogen adsorption and activation.The photocatalytic ammonia production rate of the iron-doped lithium tantalate in pure water is maximum 26.95μg cm^(−2)h^(−1),which is three times higher than that of undoped lithium tantalate.The combination of first-principles simulations with in situ characterizations confirms that iron doping promotes the rate-determining step and changes the pathway of hydrogenation to associative alternating.This study provides a new perspective on in-depth investigation of intrinsic catalytic active sites in photocatalysis and other catalytic processes.展开更多
Transition metal carbides,known as MXenes,particularly Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),have been extensively explored as promising materials for electrochemical reactions.However,transition metal carbonitride MXenes with high nitrog...Transition metal carbides,known as MXenes,particularly Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),have been extensively explored as promising materials for electrochemical reactions.However,transition metal carbonitride MXenes with high nitrogen content for electrochemical reactions are rarely reported.In this work,transition metal carbonitride MXenes incorporated with Pt-based electrocatalysts,ranging from single atoms to sub-nanometer dimensions,are explored for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The fabricated Pt clusters/MXene catalyst exhibits superior HER performance compared to the single-atom-incorporated MXene and commercial Pt/C catalyst in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes.The optimized sample shows low overpotentials of 28,65,and 154 mV at a current densities of 10,100,and 500 m A cm^(-2),a small Tafel slope of 29 m V dec^(-1),a high mass activity of 1203 mA mgPt^(-1)and an excellent turnover frequency of 6.1 s^(-1)in the acidic electrolyte.Density functional theory calculations indicate that this high performance can be attributed to the enhanced active sites,increased surface functional groups,faster charge transfer dynamics,and stronger electronic interaction between Pt and MXene,resulting in optimized hydrogen absorption/desorption toward better HER.This work demonstrates that MXenes with a high content of nitrogen may be promising candidates for various catalytic reactions by incorporating single atoms or clusters.展开更多
Integrating multi-scale sites in a composite catalyst is vital to realize efficient electrocatalysis.Herein,a synergistic composite catalyst consisting of Co atomic sites and in-situ generated PtCo intermetallic compo...Integrating multi-scale sites in a composite catalyst is vital to realize efficient electrocatalysis.Herein,a synergistic composite catalyst consisting of Co atomic sites and in-situ generated PtCo intermetallic compounds (IMCs)(o-PtCo@CoNC) is proposed through Co pre-anchoring and subsequent impregnation-reduction method.High loading of Co atoms provides a chance for in-situ generating PtCo ordered intermetallic compounds.The remaining Co single atoms and PtCo IMCs construct synergistic electrocatalytic micro-regions.Benefiting from the ordered structure,synergistic effect of Pt Co IMCs and Co single atoms,o-PtCo@CoNC exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with mass activity of 1.21 A mgPt-1(at 0.9 V) and5.70 A mgPt-1(at an overpotential of 100 mV),respectively.Besides,o-PtCo@CoNC delivers negligible loss of half-wave potential and overpotential during long-term stability test in acid solutions,with 13 mV decay after 50,000 potential cycles for ORR and a 2.7 mV decay after 20,000 potential cycles for HER.The integration strategy of single-atomic sites coupled IMCs paves the way for enhancing the activity and durability of Pt-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
Exploration of stable metal single-site supported porous graphitic carbon nitride(PCN)nanostructures and the development of maximum atom utilization for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics remains a chall...Exploration of stable metal single-site supported porous graphitic carbon nitride(PCN)nanostructures and the development of maximum atom utilization for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics remains a challenge in current research.This work proposed a one-step thermal copolymerization to obtain Cu(Ⅰ)doping porous carbon nitride(CUCN)through a spontaneously reducing atmosphere by urea in a covered crucible.The obtained CUCN had crumpled ultrathin nanosheets and mesoporous structures,which possessed higher specific surface areas than PCN.From X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES)and Fourier transform extended X-ray absorption fine structure(FT-EXAFS)spectra analysis,the Cu doping existed in the oxidation state of Cu(Ⅰ)as single atoms anchored on the 2D layers of CN through two N neighbors,thereby facilitating efficient pathways for the transfer of photoexcited charge carriers.Furthermore,the photoluminescence(PL)spectra,electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS)and transient photocurrent response test proved the improved separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers for Cu(Ⅰ)introduction.Consequently,the photocatalytic activity of CUCN was much better than that of PCN for antibiotics norfloxacin(NOR),with 4.7-fold higher degradation reaction rate constants.From species-trapping experiments and density function theory(DFT)calculations,the Cu single atoms in Cu-N_(2)served as catalytic sites that could accelerate charge transfer and facilitate the adsorption of molecular oxygen to produce active species.The stable Cu(Ⅰ)embedded in the layer structure led to the excellent recycling test and remained stable after four runs of degradation and even thermal regenerated treatment.The degradation paths of NOR by CUCN under visible light were also demonstrated.Our work sheds light on a sustainable and practical approach for achieving stable metal single-atom doping and enhancing photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants.展开更多
The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation...The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to produce marketable carbon-based products like methanol and ethanol is a practical approach that offers great potential to reduce CO_(2)emissions.Although significant volumes of methanol are currently produced from CO_(2),developing highly efficient and stable catalysts is crucial for further enhancing conversion and selectivity,thereby reducing process costs.An in-depth examination of the differences and similarities in the reaction pathways for methanol and ethanol production highlights the key factors that drive C-C coupling.Identifying these factors guides us toward developing more effective catalysts for ethanol synthesis.In this paper,we explore how different catalysts,through the production of various intermediates,can initiate the synthesis of methanol or ethanol.The catalytic mechanisms proposed by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations,including operando X-ray methods,FTIR analysis,and DFT calculations,are summarized and presented.The following discussion explores the structural properties and composition of catalysts that influence C-C coupling and optimize the conversion rate of CO_(2)into ethanol.Lastly,the review examines recent catalysts employed for selective methanol and ethanol production,focusing on single-atom catalysts.展开更多
Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries suffer from electrochemo-mechanical damage to Ni-rich oxide-based cathode active materials(CAMs),primarily caused by severe volume changes,results in significant stress ...Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries suffer from electrochemo-mechanical damage to Ni-rich oxide-based cathode active materials(CAMs),primarily caused by severe volume changes,results in significant stress and strain,causes micro-cracks and interfacial contact loss at potentials>4.3 V(vs.Li/Li^(+)).Quantifying micro-cracks and voids in CAMs can reveal the degradation mechanisms of Ni-rich oxidebased cathodes during electrochemical cycling.Nonetheless,the origin of electrochemical-mechanical damage remains unclear.Herein,We have developed a multifunctional PEG-based soft buffer layer(SBL)on the surface of carbon black(CB).This layer functions as a percolation network in the single crystal LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl composite cathode layer,ensuring superior ionic conductivity,reducing void formation and particle cracking,and promoting uniform utilization of the cathode active material in all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs).High-angle annular dark-field STEM combined with nanoscale X-ray holo-tomography and plasma-focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the PEG-based SBL mitigated strain induced by reaction heterogeneity in the cathode.This strain produces lattice stretches,distortions,and curved transition metal oxide layers near the surface,contributing to structural degradation at elevated voltages.Consequently,ASSLBs with a LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathode containing LCCB-10(CB/PEG mass ratio:100/10)demonstrate a high areal capacity(2.53 mAh g^(-1)/0.32 mA g^(-1))and remarkable rate capability(0.58 mAh g^(-1)at 1.4 mA g^(-1)),with88%capacity retention over 1000 cycles.展开更多
High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-d...High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.展开更多
In recent years,train-tail swaying of 160 km/h electric multiple units(EMUs)inside single-line tunnels has been heavily researched,because the issue needs to be solved urgently.In this paper,a co-simulation model of v...In recent years,train-tail swaying of 160 km/h electric multiple units(EMUs)inside single-line tunnels has been heavily researched,because the issue needs to be solved urgently.In this paper,a co-simulation model of vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of the tail car body is established,and the aerodynamics of train-tail swaying is studied.The simulation results were confirmed through a field test of operating EMUs.Furthermore,the influence mechanism of train-tail swaying on the wake flow field is studied in detail through a wind-tunnel experiment and a simulation of a reduced-scaled train model.The results demonstrate that the aerodynamic force frequency(i.e.,vortex-induced frequency)of the train tail increases linearly with train speed.When the train runs at 130 km/h,with a small amplitude of train-tail swaying(within 10 mm),the vortex-induced frequency is 1.7 Hz,which primarily depends on the nose shape of the train tail.After the tail car body nose is extended,the vortex-induced frequency is decreased.As the swaying amplitude of the train tail increases(exceeding 25 mm),the separation point of the high-intensity vortex in the train wake shifts downstream to the nose tip,and the vortex-induced frequency shifts from 1.7 Hz to the nearby car body hunting(i.e.,the primary hunting)frequency of 1.3 Hz,which leads to the frequency-locking phenomenon of VIV,and the resonance intensifies train-tail swaying.For the motor vehicle of the train tail,optimization of the yaw damper to improve its primary hunting stability can effectively alleviate train-tail swaying inside single-line tunnels.Optimization of the tail car body nose shape reduces the amplitude of the vortex-induced force,thereby weakening the aerodynamic effect and solving the problem of train-tail swaying inside the single-line tunnels.展开更多
Microwave thermochemotherapy(MTC)has been applied to treat lip squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC),but a deeper understanding of its therapeutic mechanisms and molecular biology is needed.To address this,we used single-cell...Microwave thermochemotherapy(MTC)has been applied to treat lip squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC),but a deeper understanding of its therapeutic mechanisms and molecular biology is needed.To address this,we used single-cell transcriptomics(scRNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)to highlight the pivotal role of tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs)among tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic response to MTC.MNDA+TANs with anti-tumor activity(N1-phenotype)are found to be abundantly infiltrated by MTC with benefit of increased blood perfusion,and these TANs are characterized by enhanced cytotoxicity,ameliorated hypoxia,and upregulated IL1B,activating T&NK cells and fibroblasts via IL1B-IL1R.In this highly anti-tumor immunogenic and hypoxia-reversed microenvironment under MTC,fibroblasts accumulated in the tumor front(TF)can recruit N1-TANs via CXCL2-CXCR2 and clear N2-TANs(pro-tumor phenotype)via CXCL12-CXCR4,which results in the aggregation of N1-TANs and extracellular matrix(ECM)deposition.In addition,we construct an N1-TANs marker,MX2,which positively correlates with better prognosis in LSCC patients,and employ deep learning techniques to predict expression of MX2 from hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained images so as to conveniently guide decision making in clinical practice.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that the N1-TANs/fibroblasts defense wall formed in response to MTC effectively combat LSCC.展开更多
文摘Unmarried middle-class Chinese women making new lifestyle choices IF she followed tradition, at 27,Ru Li should have been a housewife raising a baby,along with all of her friends.However the free-spirited woman is currently attending a training course for makeup
文摘Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22406081,22276086,22306086)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20232BAB213029),all of which are greatly acknowledged by the authors.
文摘Fenton-like technology based on peroxymonosulfate activation has shown great potential in refractory organics degradation.In this work,single Fe atom catalysts were synthesized through facile ball milling and exhibited very high performance in peroxymonosulfate activation.The Fe single-atom filled an N vacancy on the triazine ring edge of C_(3)N_(4),as confirmed through X-ray absorption fine structure,density functional calculation and elec-tron paramagnetic resonance.The SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system could completely remove phenol(20 mg/L)within 10 min and its first-order kinetic constant was 12.3 times that of the Fe_(3)O_(4)/PMS system.Under different ini-tial pH levels and in various anionic environments,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) still demonstrated excellent catalytic activity,achieving a removal rate of over 90%for phenol within 12 min.In addition,SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4) exhibited outstanding selectivity in reaction systems with different pollutants,showing excellent degradation effects on electron-rich pollutants only.Hydroxyl radicals(•OH),singlet oxygen(1O_(2))and high-valent iron oxide(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)were de-tected in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS system through free radical capture experiments.Further experiments on the quenching of active species and a methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe confirmed that 1O_(2) and Fe(Ⅳ)=O played dom-inant roles.Additionally,the change in the current response after adding PMS and phenol in succession proved that a direct electron transfer path between organic matter and the catalyst surface was unlikely to exist in the SAFe_(0.4)–C_(3)N_(4)/PMS/Phenol degradation system.This study provides a new demonstration of the catalytic mech-anism of single-atom catalysts.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Development Plan Project,Nos.MS2023113(to JC),MS2022090Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders of Jiangsu Qing-Lan Project(to GL).
文摘Unlike mammals,zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury,making them an ideal vertebrate model for studying regeneration.While previous research has identified key cell types involved in this process,the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.In this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile distinct cell populations at different stages of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.Our analysis revealed that multiple subpopulations of neurons showed persistent activation of genes associated with axonal regeneration post injury,while molecular signals promoting growth cone collapse were inhibited.Radial glial cells exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation potential post injury,indicating their intrinsic roles in promoting neurogenesis and axonal regeneration,respectively.Additionally,we found that inflammatory factors rapidly decreased in the early stages following spinal cord injury,creating a microenvironment permissive for tissue repair and regeneration.Furthermore,oligodendrocytes lost maturity markers while exhibiting increased proliferation following injury.These findings demonstrated that the rapid and orderly regulation of inflammation,as well as the efficient proliferation and redifferentiation of new neurons and glial cells,enabled zebrafish to reconstruct the spinal cord.This research provides new insights into the cellular transitions and molecular programs that drive spinal cord regeneration,offering promising avenues for future research and therapeutic strategies.
文摘High-throughput transcriptomics has evolved from bulk RNA-seq to single-cell and spatial profiling,yet its clinical translation still depends on effective integration across diverse omics and data modalities.Emerging foundation models and multimodal learning frameworks are enabling scalable and transferable representations of cellular states,while advances in interpretability and real-world data integration are bridging the gap between discovery and clinical application.This paper outlines a concise roadmap for AI-driven,transcriptome-centered multi-omics integration in precision medicine(Figure 1).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia.In addition to the lack of effective treatments,there are limitations in diagnostic capabilities.The complexity of AD itself,together with a variety of other diseases often observed in a patient’s history in addition to their AD diagnosis,make deciphering the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD,even more important.Large datasets of single-cell RNA sequencing,single-nucleus RNA-sequencing(snRNA-seq),and spatial transcriptomics(ST)have become essential in guiding and supporting new investigations into the cellular and regional susceptibility of AD.However,with unique technology,software,and larger databases emerging;a lack of integration of these data can contribute to ineffective use of valuable knowledge.Importantly,there was no specialized database that concentrates on ST in AD that offers comprehensive differential analyses under various conditions,such as sex-specific,region-specific,and comparisons between AD and control groups until the new Single-cell and Spatial RNA-seq databasE for Alzheimer’s Disease(ssREAD)database(Wang et al.,2024)was introduced to meet the scientific community’s growing demand for comprehensive,integrated,and accessible data analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12494604,12393834,12393831,62274014,6223501662335015)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2024YFA1208900)。
文摘The development of quantum materials for single-photon emission is crucial for the advancement of quantum information technology.Although significant advancements have been witnessed in recent years for single-photon sources in the near-infrared band(λ∼700–1000 nm),several challenges have yet to be addressed for ideal single-photon emission at the telecommunication band.In this study,we present a droplet-epitaxy strategy for O-band to C-band single-photon source-based semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)using metal-organic vaporphase epitaxy(MOVPE).By investigating the growth conditions of the epitaxial process,we have successfully synthesized InAs/InP QDs with narrow emission lines spanning a broad spectral range of λ∼1200–1600 nm.The morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy and microphotoluminescence spectroscopy.The recorded single-photon purity of a plain QD structure reaches g^((2))(0)=0.16,with a radiative recombination lifetime as short as 1.5 ns.This work provides a crucial platform for future research on integrated microcavity enhancement techniques and coupled QDs with other quantum photonics in the telecom bands,offering significant prospects for quantum network applications.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82350127 and No.82241013the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.20ZR1411600+2 种基金the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,No.SHDC2020CR4039the Bethune Ethicon Excellent Surgery Foundation,No.CESS2021TC04Xuhui District Medical Research Project of Shanghai,No.SHXH201805.
文摘BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis through binding to dif-ferent ligands.AIM To evaluate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of ACVR1C and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in Chinese Han population.METHODS In this hospital-based cohort study,1043 ESCC patients and 1143 healthy controls were enrolled.Five SNPs(rs4664229,rs4556933,rs77886248,rs77263459,rs6734630)of ACVR1C were assessed by the ligation detection reaction method.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test,genetic model analysis,stratified analysis,linkage disequi-librium test,and haplotype analysis were conducted.RESULTS Participants carrying ACVR1C rs4556933 GA mutant had significantly decreased risk of ESCC,and those with rs77886248 TA mutant were related with higher risk,especially in older male smokers.In the haplotype analysis,ACVR1C Trs4664229Ars4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 increased risk of ESCC,while Trs4664229Grs4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 was associated with lower susceptibility to ESCC.CONCLUSION ACVR1C rs4556933 and rs77886248 SNPs were associated with the susceptibility to ESCC,which could provide a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in Chinese Han population.
文摘Security and safety remain paramount concerns for both governments and individuals worldwide.In today’s context,the frequency of crimes and terrorist attacks is alarmingly increasing,becoming increasingly intolerable to society.Consequently,there is a pressing need for swift identification of potential threats to preemptively alert law enforcement and security forces,thereby preventing potential attacks or violent incidents.Recent advancements in big data analytics and deep learning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of computer vision in object detection,particularly in identifying firearms.This paper introduces a novel automatic firearm detection surveillance system,utilizing a one-stage detection approach named MARIE(Mechanism for Realtime Identification of Firearms).MARIE incorporates the Single Shot Multibox Detector(SSD)model,which has been specifically optimized to balance the speed-accuracy trade-off critical in firearm detection applications.The SSD model was further refined by integrating MobileNetV2 and InceptionV2 architectures for superior feature extraction capabilities.The experimental results demonstrate that this modified SSD configuration provides highly satisfactory performance,surpassing existing methods trained on the same dataset in terms of the critical speedaccuracy trade-off.Through these innovations,MARIE sets a new standard in surveillance technology,offering a robust solution to enhance public safety effectively.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project(J2019-VI-0022-0138)。
文摘The high-cycle fatigue fracture characteristics and damage mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloys at 850℃ was investigated.The results indicate that high-cycle fatigue cracks in single crystal superalloys generally originate from defect locations on the subsurface or interior of the specimen at 850℃.Under the condition of stress ratio R=0.05,as the fatigue load decreases,the high-cycle fatigue life gradually increases.The high-cycle fatigue fracture is mainly characterized by octahedral slip mechanism.At high stress and low lifespan,the fracture exhibits single or multiple slip surface features.Some fractures originate along a vertical small plane and then propagate along the{111}slip surface.At low stress and high lifespan,the fracture surface tend to alternate and expand along multiple slip planes after originating from subsurface or internal sources,exhibiting characteristics of multiple slip planes.Through electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis,there is obvious oxidation behavior on the surface of the high-cycle fatigue fracture,and the fracture section is composed of oxidation layer,distortion layer,and matrix layer from the outside to the inside.Among them,the main components of the oxidation layer are oxides of Ni and Co.The distortion layer is mainly distributed in the form of elongated or short rod-shaped oxides of Al,Ta,and W.The matrix layer is a single crystal layer.Crack initiation and propagation mechanism were obtained by systematical analysis of a large number of highcycle fatigue fractures.In addition,the stress ratio of 0.05 is closer to the vibration mode of turbine blades during actual service,providing effective guidance for the study of failure and fracture mechanisms of turbine blades.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21571062)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning to JGL,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.222201717003)。
文摘Exploiting non-precious metal catalysts with excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance for energy devices is paramount essential for the green and sustainable society development.Herein,low-cost,high-performance biomass-derived ORR catalysts with an asymmetric Fe-N_(3)P configuration was prepared by a simple pyrolysis-etching technique,where carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)was used as the carbon source,urea and 1,10-phenanthroline iron complex(FePhen)as additives,and Na_(3)PO_(4)as the phosphorus dopant and a pore-forming agent.The CMC-derived FeNPC catalyst displayed a large specific area(BET:1235 m^(2)g^(-1))with atomically dispersed Fe-N_(3)P active sites,which exhibited superior ORR activity and stability in alkaline solution(E_(1/2)=0.90 V vs.RHE)and Zn-air batteries(P_(max)=149 mW cm^(-2))to commercial Pt/C catalyst(E_(1/2)=0.87 V,P_(max)=118 mW cm^(-2))under similar experimental conditions.This work provides a feasible and costeffective route toward highly efficient ORR catalysts and their application to Zn-air batteries for energy conversion.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022YQ42,ZR2021JQ15,ZR2021QE011,ZR2021ZD20,2022GJJLJRC-01)Innovative Team Project of Jinan(No.2021GXRC019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52022037,52202366).
文摘In contrast to research on active sites in nanomaterials,lithium tantalate single crystals,known for their exceptional optical properties and long-range ordered lattice structure,present a promising avenue for in-depth exploration of photocatalytic reaction systems with fewer constraints imposed by surface chemistry.Typically,the isotropy of a specific facet provides a perfect support for studying heteroatom doping.Herein,this work delves into the intrinsic catalytic sites for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation in iron-doped lithium tantalate single crystals.The presence of iron not only modifies the electronic structure of lithium tantalate,improving its light absorption capacity,but also functions as an active site for the nitrogen adsorption and activation.The photocatalytic ammonia production rate of the iron-doped lithium tantalate in pure water is maximum 26.95μg cm^(−2)h^(−1),which is three times higher than that of undoped lithium tantalate.The combination of first-principles simulations with in situ characterizations confirms that iron doping promotes the rate-determining step and changes the pathway of hydrogenation to associative alternating.This study provides a new perspective on in-depth investigation of intrinsic catalytic active sites in photocatalysis and other catalytic processes.
基金the final support of ARC DP220103045the startup support of KFUPMPrince Sultan University for their support。
文摘Transition metal carbides,known as MXenes,particularly Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),have been extensively explored as promising materials for electrochemical reactions.However,transition metal carbonitride MXenes with high nitrogen content for electrochemical reactions are rarely reported.In this work,transition metal carbonitride MXenes incorporated with Pt-based electrocatalysts,ranging from single atoms to sub-nanometer dimensions,are explored for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The fabricated Pt clusters/MXene catalyst exhibits superior HER performance compared to the single-atom-incorporated MXene and commercial Pt/C catalyst in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes.The optimized sample shows low overpotentials of 28,65,and 154 mV at a current densities of 10,100,and 500 m A cm^(-2),a small Tafel slope of 29 m V dec^(-1),a high mass activity of 1203 mA mgPt^(-1)and an excellent turnover frequency of 6.1 s^(-1)in the acidic electrolyte.Density functional theory calculations indicate that this high performance can be attributed to the enhanced active sites,increased surface functional groups,faster charge transfer dynamics,and stronger electronic interaction between Pt and MXene,resulting in optimized hydrogen absorption/desorption toward better HER.This work demonstrates that MXenes with a high content of nitrogen may be promising candidates for various catalytic reactions by incorporating single atoms or clusters.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (22279036)Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device (B21003)。
文摘Integrating multi-scale sites in a composite catalyst is vital to realize efficient electrocatalysis.Herein,a synergistic composite catalyst consisting of Co atomic sites and in-situ generated PtCo intermetallic compounds (IMCs)(o-PtCo@CoNC) is proposed through Co pre-anchoring and subsequent impregnation-reduction method.High loading of Co atoms provides a chance for in-situ generating PtCo ordered intermetallic compounds.The remaining Co single atoms and PtCo IMCs construct synergistic electrocatalytic micro-regions.Benefiting from the ordered structure,synergistic effect of Pt Co IMCs and Co single atoms,o-PtCo@CoNC exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with mass activity of 1.21 A mgPt-1(at 0.9 V) and5.70 A mgPt-1(at an overpotential of 100 mV),respectively.Besides,o-PtCo@CoNC delivers negligible loss of half-wave potential and overpotential during long-term stability test in acid solutions,with 13 mV decay after 50,000 potential cycles for ORR and a 2.7 mV decay after 20,000 potential cycles for HER.The integration strategy of single-atomic sites coupled IMCs paves the way for enhancing the activity and durability of Pt-based electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070103 and 22102102)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LY21E090004 and LQ22B050004)+1 种基金Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Program(No.2021S025)Ningbo Youth Leading Talent Project(No.2024QL038).
文摘Exploration of stable metal single-site supported porous graphitic carbon nitride(PCN)nanostructures and the development of maximum atom utilization for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics remains a challenge in current research.This work proposed a one-step thermal copolymerization to obtain Cu(Ⅰ)doping porous carbon nitride(CUCN)through a spontaneously reducing atmosphere by urea in a covered crucible.The obtained CUCN had crumpled ultrathin nanosheets and mesoporous structures,which possessed higher specific surface areas than PCN.From X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES)and Fourier transform extended X-ray absorption fine structure(FT-EXAFS)spectra analysis,the Cu doping existed in the oxidation state of Cu(Ⅰ)as single atoms anchored on the 2D layers of CN through two N neighbors,thereby facilitating efficient pathways for the transfer of photoexcited charge carriers.Furthermore,the photoluminescence(PL)spectra,electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS)and transient photocurrent response test proved the improved separation and transfer of photoexcited charge carriers for Cu(Ⅰ)introduction.Consequently,the photocatalytic activity of CUCN was much better than that of PCN for antibiotics norfloxacin(NOR),with 4.7-fold higher degradation reaction rate constants.From species-trapping experiments and density function theory(DFT)calculations,the Cu single atoms in Cu-N_(2)served as catalytic sites that could accelerate charge transfer and facilitate the adsorption of molecular oxygen to produce active species.The stable Cu(Ⅰ)embedded in the layer structure led to the excellent recycling test and remained stable after four runs of degradation and even thermal regenerated treatment.The degradation paths of NOR by CUCN under visible light were also demonstrated.Our work sheds light on a sustainable and practical approach for achieving stable metal single-atom doping and enhancing photocatalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants.
基金the Canadian NRCan OERD Energy Innovation Programthe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,and the Carbon Solution Program for their financial support.
文摘The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to produce marketable carbon-based products like methanol and ethanol is a practical approach that offers great potential to reduce CO_(2)emissions.Although significant volumes of methanol are currently produced from CO_(2),developing highly efficient and stable catalysts is crucial for further enhancing conversion and selectivity,thereby reducing process costs.An in-depth examination of the differences and similarities in the reaction pathways for methanol and ethanol production highlights the key factors that drive C-C coupling.Identifying these factors guides us toward developing more effective catalysts for ethanol synthesis.In this paper,we explore how different catalysts,through the production of various intermediates,can initiate the synthesis of methanol or ethanol.The catalytic mechanisms proposed by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations,including operando X-ray methods,FTIR analysis,and DFT calculations,are summarized and presented.The following discussion explores the structural properties and composition of catalysts that influence C-C coupling and optimize the conversion rate of CO_(2)into ethanol.Lastly,the review examines recent catalysts employed for selective methanol and ethanol production,focusing on single-atom catalysts.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2021SHFZ232,ZDYF2023GXJS022)the Hainan Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(300333)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21203008,21975025,12274025,22372008)。
文摘Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries suffer from electrochemo-mechanical damage to Ni-rich oxide-based cathode active materials(CAMs),primarily caused by severe volume changes,results in significant stress and strain,causes micro-cracks and interfacial contact loss at potentials>4.3 V(vs.Li/Li^(+)).Quantifying micro-cracks and voids in CAMs can reveal the degradation mechanisms of Ni-rich oxidebased cathodes during electrochemical cycling.Nonetheless,the origin of electrochemical-mechanical damage remains unclear.Herein,We have developed a multifunctional PEG-based soft buffer layer(SBL)on the surface of carbon black(CB).This layer functions as a percolation network in the single crystal LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl composite cathode layer,ensuring superior ionic conductivity,reducing void formation and particle cracking,and promoting uniform utilization of the cathode active material in all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs).High-angle annular dark-field STEM combined with nanoscale X-ray holo-tomography and plasma-focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the PEG-based SBL mitigated strain induced by reaction heterogeneity in the cathode.This strain produces lattice stretches,distortions,and curved transition metal oxide layers near the surface,contributing to structural degradation at elevated voltages.Consequently,ASSLBs with a LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathode containing LCCB-10(CB/PEG mass ratio:100/10)demonstrate a high areal capacity(2.53 mAh g^(-1)/0.32 mA g^(-1))and remarkable rate capability(0.58 mAh g^(-1)at 1.4 mA g^(-1)),with88%capacity retention over 1000 cycles.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0612601)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C02038)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z178)China Construction Technology Research and Development Project(No.CSCEC-2021-Z-5)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23B010003)
文摘High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372403 and U2268211)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0034),China+1 种基金the National Railway Group Science and Technology Program(No.2023J071)the Traction Power State Key Laboratory of the Independent Research and Development Projects(No.2022TPL-T02),China.
文摘In recent years,train-tail swaying of 160 km/h electric multiple units(EMUs)inside single-line tunnels has been heavily researched,because the issue needs to be solved urgently.In this paper,a co-simulation model of vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of the tail car body is established,and the aerodynamics of train-tail swaying is studied.The simulation results were confirmed through a field test of operating EMUs.Furthermore,the influence mechanism of train-tail swaying on the wake flow field is studied in detail through a wind-tunnel experiment and a simulation of a reduced-scaled train model.The results demonstrate that the aerodynamic force frequency(i.e.,vortex-induced frequency)of the train tail increases linearly with train speed.When the train runs at 130 km/h,with a small amplitude of train-tail swaying(within 10 mm),the vortex-induced frequency is 1.7 Hz,which primarily depends on the nose shape of the train tail.After the tail car body nose is extended,the vortex-induced frequency is decreased.As the swaying amplitude of the train tail increases(exceeding 25 mm),the separation point of the high-intensity vortex in the train wake shifts downstream to the nose tip,and the vortex-induced frequency shifts from 1.7 Hz to the nearby car body hunting(i.e.,the primary hunting)frequency of 1.3 Hz,which leads to the frequency-locking phenomenon of VIV,and the resonance intensifies train-tail swaying.For the motor vehicle of the train tail,optimization of the yaw damper to improve its primary hunting stability can effectively alleviate train-tail swaying inside single-line tunnels.Optimization of the tail car body nose shape reduces the amplitude of the vortex-induced force,thereby weakening the aerodynamic effect and solving the problem of train-tail swaying inside the single-line tunnels.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(Nos.82173326 and 82473058)Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province(Nos.2024YFFK0374 and 2024YFFK0198)Interdisciplinary Innovation Project of West China College of Stomatology,Sichuan University(RD-03-202004).
文摘Microwave thermochemotherapy(MTC)has been applied to treat lip squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC),but a deeper understanding of its therapeutic mechanisms and molecular biology is needed.To address this,we used single-cell transcriptomics(scRNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)to highlight the pivotal role of tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs)among tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic response to MTC.MNDA+TANs with anti-tumor activity(N1-phenotype)are found to be abundantly infiltrated by MTC with benefit of increased blood perfusion,and these TANs are characterized by enhanced cytotoxicity,ameliorated hypoxia,and upregulated IL1B,activating T&NK cells and fibroblasts via IL1B-IL1R.In this highly anti-tumor immunogenic and hypoxia-reversed microenvironment under MTC,fibroblasts accumulated in the tumor front(TF)can recruit N1-TANs via CXCL2-CXCR2 and clear N2-TANs(pro-tumor phenotype)via CXCL12-CXCR4,which results in the aggregation of N1-TANs and extracellular matrix(ECM)deposition.In addition,we construct an N1-TANs marker,MX2,which positively correlates with better prognosis in LSCC patients,and employ deep learning techniques to predict expression of MX2 from hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained images so as to conveniently guide decision making in clinical practice.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that the N1-TANs/fibroblasts defense wall formed in response to MTC effectively combat LSCC.
