Purpose: To analyze the effect of right versus left long-term single-sided deafness(SSD) on sound source localization(SSL), discuss the necessity of intervention and treatment for SSD patients, and analyze the therape...Purpose: To analyze the effect of right versus left long-term single-sided deafness(SSD) on sound source localization(SSL), discuss the necessity of intervention and treatment for SSD patients, and analyze the therapeutic effect of long-term unilateral cochlear implantation(UCI) from the perspective of SSL.Methods: This study included 25 patients with SSD, 11 patients with UCI, and 30 participants with normal hearing(NH). Their SSL ability was tested by obtaining their average root mean square(RMS) error values of SSL test.Results: The results showed that the RMS error value of SSD, UCI and NH groups were 52.26 ± 20.25°, 69.84 ±12.14° and 4.27 ± 2.66°, respectively. The ability of SSL was better in the SSD-L group than that in the SSD-R group, and no significant difference existed in the SSD-R and the UCI group.Conclusion: When bilateral deafness patients select unilateral treatment, right-side cochlear implantation may be more beneficial in terms of SSL, which means that the central auditory cortex in long-term SSD patients is affected differently based on which side their deafness occurs.展开更多
Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water pos...Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water poses a great challenge in the stability of anode.In this study,we present a straightforward strategy to protect the anode from corrosion by patching the catalyst layer through a treatment of the anode with a sodium sulfide(Na2S) solution followed by electrochemical activation.The rapid sulfurization of the Ni electrode in Na2S results in the formation of a Na2S layer,which can subsequently be converted to NiOOH upon electrochemical activation,thereby shielding the inner Ni electrode from corrosion.The as-prepared electrode (P-NiFe-LDH/Ni) based on the strategy demonstrated stability over 3,500 h at an industrial current density of 0.5 A cm^(-2)in a 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M KOH solution.This study presents an effective strategy to significantly enhance the stability of anodes for saline water electrolysis by effectively patching the cracks in the catalyst layer.展开更多
Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,con...Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,conventional MNs employ long needles(≥600μm),leading to pain and skin irritation.Moreover,it is critical to stably apply MNs against complex skin surfaces for uniform nanoscale drug delivery.Herein,a dually amplified transdermal patch(MN@EV/SC)is developed as the stem cell-derived EV delivery platform by hierarchically integrating an octopusinspired suction cup(SC)with short MNs(≤300μm).While leveraging the suction effect to induce nanoscale deformation of the stratum corneum,MN@EV/SC minimizes skin damage and enhances the adhesion of MNs,allowing EV to penetrate deeper into the dermis.When MNs of various lengths are applied to mouse skin,the short MNs can elicit comparable corticosterone release to chemical adhesives,whereas long MNs induce a prompt stress response.MN@EV/SC can achieve a remarkable penetration depth(290μm)for EV,compared to that of MN alone(111μm).Consequently,MN@EV/SC facilitates the revitalization of fibroblasts and enhances collagen synthesis in middle-aged mice.Overall,MN@EV/SC exhibits the potential for skin regeneration by modulating the dermal microenvironment and ensuring patient comfort.展开更多
Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,...Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,collagen and gold nanoparticles with random and aligned nanofiber morphologies.The nanoparticles were green-synthesized using saffron extract.Nanoparticle characterizations with UV-Vis.spectroscopy and DLS illustrated theoretical and hydrodynamic diameters of around 7 and 13 nm,respectively,having zeta potential of−37 mV.SEM and TEM micrographs showed the morphology and diameters of obtained nanofibers.Also,further characterization were done by ATR-FTIR,XRD and TGA investigations and degradation studies.Contact angle measurements showed hydrophilic nature of the scaffolds(59±0.6°for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 120±2.6°for random PU nanofibers).Mechanical testing demonstrated appropriate tensile properties of the scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering(Young’s modulus:1.53±0.07 MPa for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 0.4±0.05 MPa for random PU nanofibers).Finally,alamar blue assay revealed proper survival of the cells of HUVEC cell line on the prepared scaffolds,where the highest percentages were observed for random and aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers.According to the findings,the fabricated PU/Col/AuNPs nanofibrous scaffolds could be considered as potential cardiac patches.展开更多
Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each l...Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each local feature of an image object in the hidden space through the attention mechanism,it is difficult for a segmentation head to accomplish the mask prediction for dense embedding of multi-category and multi-local features.We present patch prototype vision Transformer(PPFormer),a Transformer architecture for semantic segmentation based on knowledge-embedded patch prototypes.1)The hierarchical Transformer encoder can generate multi-scale and multi-layered patch features including seamless patch projection to obtain information of multiscale patches,and feature-clustered self-attention to enhance the interplay of multi-layered visual information with implicit position encodes.2)PPFormer utilizes a non-parametric prototype decoder to extract region observations which represent significant parts of the objects by unlearnable patch prototypes and then calculate similarity between patch prototypes and pixel embeddings.The proposed contrasting patch prototype alignment module,which uses new patch prototypes to update prototype bank,effectively maintains class boundaries for prototypes.For different application scenarios,we have launched PPFormer-S,PPFormer-M and PPFormer-L by expanding the scale.Experimental results demonstrate that PPFormer can outperform fully convolutional networks(FCN)-and attention-based semantic segmentation models on the PASCAL VOC 2012,ADE20k,and Cityscapes datasets.展开更多
Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implemen...Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implementation,or configuration.To guarantee the durability&robustness of the software,vulnerability identification and fixation have become crucial areas of focus for developers,cybersecurity experts and industries.This paper presents a thorough multi-phase mathematical model for efficient patch management and vulnerability detection.To uniquely model these processes,the model incorporated the notion of the learning phenomenon in describing vulnerability fixation using a logistic learning function.Furthermore,the authors have used numerical methods to approximate the solution of the proposed framework where an analytical solution is difficult to attain.The suggested systematic architecture has been demonstrated through statistical analysis using patch datasets,which offers a solid basis for the research conclusions.According to computational research,learning dynamics improves security response and results in more effective vulnerability management.The suggested model offers a systematic approach to proactive vulnerability mitigation and has important uses in risk assessment,software maintenance,and cybersecurity.This study helps create more robust software systems by increasing patch management effectiveness,which benefits developers,cybersecurity experts,and sectors looking to reduce security threats in a growing digital world.展开更多
Myocardial infarction(MI)is a challenging condition that results in scar formation on the ventricular wall,causing myocardial damage and ventricular thinning.Engineered cardiac patches(ECPs)designed to regenerate myoc...Myocardial infarction(MI)is a challenging condition that results in scar formation on the ventricular wall,causing myocardial damage and ventricular thinning.Engineered cardiac patches(ECPs)designed to regenerate myocardial tissue have been proposed to repair the ventricular wall and replenish myocardial cells.However,their clinical use is limited by manufacturing and fixation challenges.This study introduces a manufacturing strategy for a composite ECP,which comprises an antiadhesion shell layer,a conductive myocardial tissue,and an exosome-laden microneedle substrate.The ECP can anchor to the infarcted myocardium through its microneedle substrate.Meanwhile,its outer shell prevents nonspecific adhesion,enabling stable and suture-free attachment.Using this microneedle substrate,we applied a 3D-printed ECP in a rat model of post-MI repair.Our results showed that this strategy reduced left ventricular damage,improved cardiac ejection fraction,decreased the fibrotic area,increased ventricular wall thickness,improved microvascular recovery,and thus facilitated the repair of maladaptive ventricular remodeling post-MI.This microneedle substrate holds great promise for use in the fixation of patches during the repair of myocardial tissue and other organs,thereby promoting the clinical application of tissue-engineered patches.展开更多
Adhesive patches offer an effective approach for wound closure,making them highly suitable for biomedical applications.However,conventional patches often face limitations such as dual-sided adhesion,lack of shape adap...Adhesive patches offer an effective approach for wound closure,making them highly suitable for biomedical applications.However,conventional patches often face limitations such as dual-sided adhesion,lack of shape adaptability,and limited maneuverability,which restrict their applications in deeper tissues.In this paper,we develop a magnetic patch robot(PatchBot),for targeted Janus adhesion with tissues.The PatchBot features a unique triple-layer structure,with adhesive,shape-morphing,and anti-adhesive layers,each fulfilling roles to support targeted attachment,enable shape transformation,and prevent unwanted adhesion to surrounding tissues.The Janus adhesion of the PatchBot was extensively demonstrated across a variety of tissues.A localized near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation was used to induce programmable shape transformations.Magnetic actuation of the PatchBot for targeted adhesion was successfully demonstrated in ex vivo porcine stomach tissue.NIR light-activated shape-morphing and multimodal magnetic actuation significantly enhance its maneuverability and adaptability in confined in vivo environments while ensuring the structural integrity of the adhesive surface during deployment.This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of using PatchBot for targeted wound adhesion,showing its potential for minimally invasive,precision therapies in complex in vivo environments.展开更多
This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were ide...This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were identified by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)F16 during the years 2011 to 2022.A temperature ratio of ion/electron temperature(T_(i)/T_(e))<0.68 is recommended to define a hot patch in the Southern Hemisphere,otherwise it is defined as a cold patch.The cold and hot patches have different dependencies on IMF clock angle,while their dependencies on IMF cone angle are similar.Both cold and hot patches appear most often on the duskside,and the distribution of cold patches gradually decreases from the dayside to the nightside,while hot patches have a higher occurrence rate near 14 and 21 magnetic local time(MLT).Moreover,we compared the key plasma characteristics of polar cap cold and hot patches in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.The intensity of the duskside upward field-aligned current of patches in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)is stronger than that in the Northern Hemisphere(SH),which may be due to the discrepancy in conductivities between the two hemispheres,caused by the tilted dipole.In both hemispheres,the downward soft-electron energy flux of the dawnside patches is significantly greater than that of the duskside patches.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each ch...Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each child)who were admitted to the hospital between January 2024 and June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching,while the control group received routine nursing.Symptom recovery time,treatment compliance,inflammatory factor levels,quality of life of the children,and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The symptom recovery time in the combined group was shorter than that in the control group,treatment compliance was higher,inflammatory factor levels after intervention were lower,quality of life scores of the children were lower,and family satisfaction was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching for children with bronchopneumonia can shorten their symptom recovery time,significantly improve treatment compliance and quality of life,reduce inflammatory reactions,and achieve high satisfaction among family members.展开更多
Microneedle(MN)patches could be a promising treatment for diabetic foot ulcers that plague thousands of people worldwide.While reducing skin resistance or increasing driving force can accelerate the efficiency of tran...Microneedle(MN)patches could be a promising treatment for diabetic foot ulcers that plague thousands of people worldwide.While reducing skin resistance or increasing driving force can accelerate the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery with conventional MN patches,it can create toxic chemical residues or require the help of additional devices.Herein,a thermo-responsive microneedles patch(TMN)with high biocompatibility without additional equipment is proposed.The TMN consisted of a bilayer microneedles composed of sodium alginate(SA)-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)layer(SA-g-PNIPAM)loaded with sucrose octasulfate sodium salt(SOS)and hyaluronic acid layer and a polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofiber membrane loading with tetracycline hydrochloride(TH)and SOS.PNIPAM accelerates drug release by extruding the drug through a volumetric phase transition in response to temperature changes,and TH and SOS promote wound healing by inhibiting bacterial growth and promoting vascular regeneration and epithelial formation.The results showed that the drug release of TMN was significantly faster,with the drug release rate of more than 80% in the 10th h,and the antibacterial rate of TMN could reach 800%.In addition,TMN had good biocompatibility and good healing effects in vivo,which may be helpful for the design of multifunctional dressings in the future.展开更多
To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks o...To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks obtained from a public dataset are cropped into patches of 256 square pixels that are classified with a pre-trained deep convolution neural network,the true positives are segmented,and crack properties are extracted using two different methods.The first method is primarily based on active contour models and level-set segmentation and the second method consists of the domain adaptation of a mathematical morphology-based method known as FIL-FINDER.A statistical test has been performed for the comparison of the stated methods and a database prepared with the more suitable method.An advanced convolution neural network-based multi-output regression model has been proposed which was trained with the prepared database and validated with the held-out dataset for the prediction of crack-length,crack-width,and width-uncertainty directly from input image patches.The pro-posed model has been tested on crack patches collected from different locations.Huber loss has been used to ensure the robustness of the proposed model selected from a set of 288 different variations of it.Additionally,an ablation study has been conducted on the top 3 models that demonstrated the influence of each network component on the pre-diction results.Finally,the best performing model HHc-X among the top 3 has been proposed that predicted crack properties which are in close agreement to the ground truths in the test data.展开更多
Investigation of unloading rock failure under differentσ_(2)facilitates the control mechanism of excavation surrounding rock.This study focused on single-sided unloading tests of granite specimens under true triaxial...Investigation of unloading rock failure under differentσ_(2)facilitates the control mechanism of excavation surrounding rock.This study focused on single-sided unloading tests of granite specimens under true triaxial conditions.The strength and failure characteristics were studied with micro-camera and acoustic emission(AE)monitoring.Furthermore,the choice of test path and the effect ofσ_(2)on fracture of unloading rock were discussed.Results show that the increasedσ_(2)can strengthen the stability of single-sided unloading rock.After unloading,the rock’s free surface underwent five phases,namely,inoculation,particle ejection,buckling rupture,stable failure,and unstable rockburst phases.Moreover,atσ_(2)≤30 MPa,the b value shows the following variation tendency:rising,dropping,significant fluctuation,and dropping,with dispersed damages signal.Atσ_(2)≥40 MPa,the tendency shows:a rise,a decrease,a slight fluctuation,and final drop,with concentrated damages signal.After unloading,AE energy is mainly concentrated in the micro-energy range.With the increasedσ_(2),the micro-energy ratio rises.In contrast,low,medium and large energy ratios drop gradually.The increased tensile fractures and decreased shear fractures indicate that the failure mode of the unloading rock gradually changes from tensile-shear mode to tensile-split one.The fractional dimension of the rock fragments first increases and then decreases with an inflection point at 20 MPa.The distribution of SIF on the planes changes asσ_(2)increases,resulting in strengthening and then weakening of the rock bearing capacity.展开更多
This paper investigates characteristics of ironless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM)based on Halbach array used for medium-speed(200km/h)maglev train.Long primary ironless coil is laid in the middle of...This paper investigates characteristics of ironless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM)based on Halbach array used for medium-speed(200km/h)maglev train.Long primary ironless coil is laid in the middle of track and the Halbach permanent magnet array is attached to the bottom of each bogie as a source of traction,U-shape electromagnets at the both sides of the train for levitation.Two dimensional analytical model of single-sided ironless PMLSM based on Halbach array is established,using linear overlay method,the no-load air gap magnetic field is calculated firstly,winding current density distribution is obtained for calculating the characteristics of thrust and normal force against power angle,including force characteristics with equal and unequal pole pitch,the influence of steel sleeper,etc.Besides,the mathematical model for this type motor is built by 3D finite element method,the traction characteristics of medium-speed maglev under maximum speed 200km/h are calculated.The characteristics of this type motor are satisfactory owing to there is no detent force in the motor and thrust force reach maximum meanwhile normal force can be eliminated.Calculation method is verified by comparing finite element results,experimental result on a 200kW type motor further validates the accuracy of calculation and some important conclusions are obtained.展开更多
基于深度神经网络的目标检测技术已经广泛应用于各领域,然而,通过对抗补丁攻击在图像中添加局部扰动,以此来误导深度神经网络,对基于目标检测技术的视觉系统构成了严重威胁。针对这一问题,利用对抗补丁和图像背景的语义差异性,提出了一...基于深度神经网络的目标检测技术已经广泛应用于各领域,然而,通过对抗补丁攻击在图像中添加局部扰动,以此来误导深度神经网络,对基于目标检测技术的视觉系统构成了严重威胁。针对这一问题,利用对抗补丁和图像背景的语义差异性,提出了一种基于PatchTracker的对抗补丁防御算法,该算法由上游补丁检测器与下游数据增强模块组成。上游补丁检测器使用带有注意力机制的YOLOV5(you only look once-v5)确定对抗补丁所在位置,有助于提高对小尺度对抗补丁的检测精度;将检测区域用合适的像素值覆盖以抹除对抗补丁,上游补丁检测器不仅能够有效降低对抗样本的攻击性,而且不依赖大规模的训练数据;下游数据增强模块通过改进模型训练范式,提高下游目标检测器的鲁棒性;将抹除补丁后的图像输入经过数据增强的下游YOLOV5目标检测模型。在公开的TT100K交通标志数据集上进行了交叉验证,实验表明,与未采取防御措施相比,所提算法能够有效防御多种类型的通用对抗补丁攻击,在检测对抗补丁图像时的mAP(mean average precision)提高65%左右,有效地改善了小尺度对抗补丁的漏检情况。与现有算法比较,所提算法有效提高了神经网络在检测对抗样本时的准确率。此外,所提算法不涉及下游模型结构的修改,具有良好的兼容性。展开更多
The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses ...The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.展开更多
The intelligent era brings electronics closer to humans,but also produces a large scale of electromag-netic(EM)radiation simultaneously,which causes serious harm to health and high sophisticated equip-ment.Exploring t...The intelligent era brings electronics closer to humans,but also produces a large scale of electromag-netic(EM)radiation simultaneously,which causes serious harm to health and high sophisticated equip-ment.Exploring the underlying response logic of EM materials is urgently needed to face the challenge of EM interference(EMI)and secondary EM pollution better.Herein,PEDOT:PSS-patched magnetic graphene films are fabricated by vacuum-assisted molecular patching engineering,with tunable EM wave response.Based on the observation of micro-nano structure,the dielectric genes are visually revealed,which offers a bran-new horizon for the optimization of EM properties.Impressively,the constructed films achieve double band shielding toward gigahertz wave and infrared radiation.The optimal EMI shielding efficiency exceeds 99%,and covers the entire X-band.Meanwhile,the green shielding index rises from 0.3 to 0.6,indicating that it is a potential green EMI shielding materials.Furthermore,the periodic macroscopic interfaces and the inherent thermal anisotropy endow the films with thermal insulation and flexible in-frared stealth functions in simulated thermal environments.This work refreshes the insight into multi-band shielding,providing a new idea to EM energy governance.展开更多
Early screening of diabetes retinopathy(DR)plays an important role in preventing irreversible blindness.Existing research has failed to fully explore effective DR lesion information in fundus maps.Besides,traditional ...Early screening of diabetes retinopathy(DR)plays an important role in preventing irreversible blindness.Existing research has failed to fully explore effective DR lesion information in fundus maps.Besides,traditional attention schemes have not considered the impact of lesion type differences on grading,resulting in unreasonable extraction of important lesion features.Therefore,this paper proposes a DR diagnosis scheme that integrates a multi-level patch attention generator(MPAG)and a lesion localization module(LLM).Firstly,MPAGis used to predict patches of different sizes and generate a weighted attention map based on the prediction score and the types of lesions contained in the patches,fully considering the impact of lesion type differences on grading,solving the problem that the attention maps of lesions cannot be further refined and then adapted to the final DR diagnosis task.Secondly,the LLM generates a global attention map based on localization.Finally,the weighted attention map and global attention map are weighted with the fundus map to fully explore effective DR lesion information and increase the attention of the classification network to lesion details.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method through extensive experiments on the public DDR dataset,obtaining an accuracy of 0.8064.展开更多
Delayed or non-healing of diabetic wounds is a significant complication,often attributed to high glucose-induced M1 macrophage accumulation,impaired angiogenesis,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)buildup.Addressing this...Delayed or non-healing of diabetic wounds is a significant complication,often attributed to high glucose-induced M1 macrophage accumulation,impaired angiogenesis,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)buildup.Addressing this,we introduced a strontium polyphenol network microneedle patch(SrC-MPNs@MN-PP)for percutaneous drug delivery.This patch,formulated with polymer poly(γ-glutamic acid)(γ-PGA)and epsilon-poly-l-lysine(ε-PLL),incorporates strontium polyphenol networks(SrC-MPNs).The release of chlorogenic acid(CGA)from SrC-MPNs not only neutralizes ROS,but strontium ions also foster angiogen-esis.Consequently,SrC-MPNs@MN-PP can ameliorate the diabetic wound microenvironment and expedite healing.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFC20052003 to S.M.Yang)Key International(Regional)Joint Research Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC#81820108009 to S.M.Yang)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC#82000976 to J.N.Li).
文摘Purpose: To analyze the effect of right versus left long-term single-sided deafness(SSD) on sound source localization(SSL), discuss the necessity of intervention and treatment for SSD patients, and analyze the therapeutic effect of long-term unilateral cochlear implantation(UCI) from the perspective of SSL.Methods: This study included 25 patients with SSD, 11 patients with UCI, and 30 participants with normal hearing(NH). Their SSL ability was tested by obtaining their average root mean square(RMS) error values of SSL test.Results: The results showed that the RMS error value of SSD, UCI and NH groups were 52.26 ± 20.25°, 69.84 ±12.14° and 4.27 ± 2.66°, respectively. The ability of SSL was better in the SSD-L group than that in the SSD-R group, and no significant difference existed in the SSD-R and the UCI group.Conclusion: When bilateral deafness patients select unilateral treatment, right-side cochlear implantation may be more beneficial in terms of SSL, which means that the central auditory cortex in long-term SSD patients is affected differently based on which side their deafness occurs.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2023YFB4006100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271232)+3 种基金Ningbo Youth Science and Technology Leading Talents Project(No.2023QL026)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2020300)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LY21E020008 and LD21E020001)the“From 0 to 1”Innovative Program of CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-JSC021)
文摘Using abundant saline water for electrolysis,rather than limited freshwater,presents a promising technique for generating clean hydrogen energy.However,high concentration of corrosive chloride ions in saline water poses a great challenge in the stability of anode.In this study,we present a straightforward strategy to protect the anode from corrosion by patching the catalyst layer through a treatment of the anode with a sodium sulfide(Na2S) solution followed by electrochemical activation.The rapid sulfurization of the Ni electrode in Na2S results in the formation of a Na2S layer,which can subsequently be converted to NiOOH upon electrochemical activation,thereby shielding the inner Ni electrode from corrosion.The as-prepared electrode (P-NiFe-LDH/Ni) based on the strategy demonstrated stability over 3,500 h at an industrial current density of 0.5 A cm^(-2)in a 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M KOH solution.This study presents an effective strategy to significantly enhance the stability of anodes for saline water electrolysis by effectively patching the cracks in the catalyst layer.
基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00256265,RS-2024-00352352,RS-2024-00405818)the Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine(KFRM)grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Health&Welfare).(No.25A0102L1)support from the Market-led K-sensor technology program(RS-2022-00154781,Development of large-area wafer-level flexible/stretchable hybrid sensor platform technology for form factor-free highly integrated convergence sensor),funded By the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,conventional MNs employ long needles(≥600μm),leading to pain and skin irritation.Moreover,it is critical to stably apply MNs against complex skin surfaces for uniform nanoscale drug delivery.Herein,a dually amplified transdermal patch(MN@EV/SC)is developed as the stem cell-derived EV delivery platform by hierarchically integrating an octopusinspired suction cup(SC)with short MNs(≤300μm).While leveraging the suction effect to induce nanoscale deformation of the stratum corneum,MN@EV/SC minimizes skin damage and enhances the adhesion of MNs,allowing EV to penetrate deeper into the dermis.When MNs of various lengths are applied to mouse skin,the short MNs can elicit comparable corticosterone release to chemical adhesives,whereas long MNs induce a prompt stress response.MN@EV/SC can achieve a remarkable penetration depth(290μm)for EV,compared to that of MN alone(111μm).Consequently,MN@EV/SC facilitates the revitalization of fibroblasts and enhances collagen synthesis in middle-aged mice.Overall,MN@EV/SC exhibits the potential for skin regeneration by modulating the dermal microenvironment and ensuring patient comfort.
基金supported by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran(grant No.:17780).
文摘Due to the limited regeneration capacity of myocardial tissue after infarction,designing tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand.In the present study,electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were made out of polyurethane,collagen and gold nanoparticles with random and aligned nanofiber morphologies.The nanoparticles were green-synthesized using saffron extract.Nanoparticle characterizations with UV-Vis.spectroscopy and DLS illustrated theoretical and hydrodynamic diameters of around 7 and 13 nm,respectively,having zeta potential of−37 mV.SEM and TEM micrographs showed the morphology and diameters of obtained nanofibers.Also,further characterization were done by ATR-FTIR,XRD and TGA investigations and degradation studies.Contact angle measurements showed hydrophilic nature of the scaffolds(59±0.6°for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 120±2.6°for random PU nanofibers).Mechanical testing demonstrated appropriate tensile properties of the scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering(Young’s modulus:1.53±0.07 MPa for aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers compared to 0.4±0.05 MPa for random PU nanofibers).Finally,alamar blue assay revealed proper survival of the cells of HUVEC cell line on the prepared scaffolds,where the highest percentages were observed for random and aligned PU/Col/Au50 nanofibers.According to the findings,the fabricated PU/Col/AuNPs nanofibrous scaffolds could be considered as potential cardiac patches.
基金supported in part by the Gansu Haizhi Characteristic Demonstration Project(No.GSHZTS2022-2).
文摘Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each local feature of an image object in the hidden space through the attention mechanism,it is difficult for a segmentation head to accomplish the mask prediction for dense embedding of multi-category and multi-local features.We present patch prototype vision Transformer(PPFormer),a Transformer architecture for semantic segmentation based on knowledge-embedded patch prototypes.1)The hierarchical Transformer encoder can generate multi-scale and multi-layered patch features including seamless patch projection to obtain information of multiscale patches,and feature-clustered self-attention to enhance the interplay of multi-layered visual information with implicit position encodes.2)PPFormer utilizes a non-parametric prototype decoder to extract region observations which represent significant parts of the objects by unlearnable patch prototypes and then calculate similarity between patch prototypes and pixel embeddings.The proposed contrasting patch prototype alignment module,which uses new patch prototypes to update prototype bank,effectively maintains class boundaries for prototypes.For different application scenarios,we have launched PPFormer-S,PPFormer-M and PPFormer-L by expanding the scale.Experimental results demonstrate that PPFormer can outperform fully convolutional networks(FCN)-and attention-based semantic segmentation models on the PASCAL VOC 2012,ADE20k,and Cityscapes datasets.
基金supported by grants received by the first author and third author from the Institute of Eminence,Delhi University,Delhi,India,as part of the Faculty Research Program via Ref.No./IoE/2024-25/12/FRP.
文摘Software systems are vulnerable to security breaches as they expand in complexity and functionality.The confidentiality,integrity,and availability of data are gravely threatened by flaws in a system’s design,implementation,or configuration.To guarantee the durability&robustness of the software,vulnerability identification and fixation have become crucial areas of focus for developers,cybersecurity experts and industries.This paper presents a thorough multi-phase mathematical model for efficient patch management and vulnerability detection.To uniquely model these processes,the model incorporated the notion of the learning phenomenon in describing vulnerability fixation using a logistic learning function.Furthermore,the authors have used numerical methods to approximate the solution of the proposed framework where an analytical solution is difficult to attain.The suggested systematic architecture has been demonstrated through statistical analysis using patch datasets,which offers a solid basis for the research conclusions.According to computational research,learning dynamics improves security response and results in more effective vulnerability management.The suggested model offers a systematic approach to proactive vulnerability mitigation and has important uses in risk assessment,software maintenance,and cybersecurity.This study helps create more robust software systems by increasing patch management effectiveness,which benefits developers,cybersecurity experts,and sectors looking to reduce security threats in a growing digital world.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.7252285 and L246001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20394 and 52305314)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4605800).
文摘Myocardial infarction(MI)is a challenging condition that results in scar formation on the ventricular wall,causing myocardial damage and ventricular thinning.Engineered cardiac patches(ECPs)designed to regenerate myocardial tissue have been proposed to repair the ventricular wall and replenish myocardial cells.However,their clinical use is limited by manufacturing and fixation challenges.This study introduces a manufacturing strategy for a composite ECP,which comprises an antiadhesion shell layer,a conductive myocardial tissue,and an exosome-laden microneedle substrate.The ECP can anchor to the infarcted myocardium through its microneedle substrate.Meanwhile,its outer shell prevents nonspecific adhesion,enabling stable and suture-free attachment.Using this microneedle substrate,we applied a 3D-printed ECP in a rat model of post-MI repair.Our results showed that this strategy reduced left ventricular damage,improved cardiac ejection fraction,decreased the fibrotic area,increased ventricular wall thickness,improved microvascular recovery,and thus facilitated the repair of maladaptive ventricular remodeling post-MI.This microneedle substrate holds great promise for use in the fixation of patches during the repair of myocardial tissue and other organs,thereby promoting the clinical application of tissue-engineered patches.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2415900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62373182 and 52405619)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M751300)supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20241202125417024)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515011915).
文摘Adhesive patches offer an effective approach for wound closure,making them highly suitable for biomedical applications.However,conventional patches often face limitations such as dual-sided adhesion,lack of shape adaptability,and limited maneuverability,which restrict their applications in deeper tissues.In this paper,we develop a magnetic patch robot(PatchBot),for targeted Janus adhesion with tissues.The PatchBot features a unique triple-layer structure,with adhesive,shape-morphing,and anti-adhesive layers,each fulfilling roles to support targeted attachment,enable shape transformation,and prevent unwanted adhesion to surrounding tissues.The Janus adhesion of the PatchBot was extensively demonstrated across a variety of tissues.A localized near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation was used to induce programmable shape transformations.Magnetic actuation of the PatchBot for targeted adhesion was successfully demonstrated in ex vivo porcine stomach tissue.NIR light-activated shape-morphing and multimodal magnetic actuation significantly enhance its maneuverability and adaptability in confined in vivo environments while ensuring the structural integrity of the adhesive surface during deployment.This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of using PatchBot for targeted wound adhesion,showing its potential for minimally invasive,precision therapies in complex in vivo environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42325404,42120104003,42204164,42474219 and U22A2006)the Chinese Meridian Project,the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant 183311KYSB20200003)+7 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grants ZR2022QD077,ZR2022MD034)the Stable-Support Scientific Project of China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation(Grant A132312191)the foundation of the National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment(Grant 6142403180204)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(Grants cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0072,CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0082)National Program on Key Basic Research Project(Grant 2022173-SD-1)The work in Norway is supported by the Research Council of Norway Grant 326039Work at UCLA has been supported by NSF grant AGS-2055192This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute(ISSI)in Bern and Beijing,through ISSI International Team project#511(Multi-Scale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Interaction).
文摘This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were identified by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)F16 during the years 2011 to 2022.A temperature ratio of ion/electron temperature(T_(i)/T_(e))<0.68 is recommended to define a hot patch in the Southern Hemisphere,otherwise it is defined as a cold patch.The cold and hot patches have different dependencies on IMF clock angle,while their dependencies on IMF cone angle are similar.Both cold and hot patches appear most often on the duskside,and the distribution of cold patches gradually decreases from the dayside to the nightside,while hot patches have a higher occurrence rate near 14 and 21 magnetic local time(MLT).Moreover,we compared the key plasma characteristics of polar cap cold and hot patches in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.The intensity of the duskside upward field-aligned current of patches in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)is stronger than that in the Northern Hemisphere(SH),which may be due to the discrepancy in conductivities between the two hemispheres,caused by the tilted dipole.In both hemispheres,the downward soft-electron energy flux of the dawnside patches is significantly greater than that of the duskside patches.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching on pediatric bronchopneumonia.Methods:1036 children with bronchopneumonia(one family member included for each child)who were admitted to the hospital between January 2024 and June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table.The combined group received childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching,while the control group received routine nursing.Symptom recovery time,treatment compliance,inflammatory factor levels,quality of life of the children,and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The symptom recovery time in the combined group was shorter than that in the control group,treatment compliance was higher,inflammatory factor levels after intervention were lower,quality of life scores of the children were lower,and family satisfaction was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of childlike nursing combined with Chinese herbal patching for children with bronchopneumonia can shorten their symptom recovery time,significantly improve treatment compliance and quality of life,reduce inflammatory reactions,and achieve high satisfaction among family members.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20162)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.C2021202002)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271245),the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.21JCQNJC01280)the financial support from the Danish Council for Independent Research(9040-00219B),European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement ENSIGN(Project ID:101086226),L4DNANO(Project ID:101086227).
文摘Microneedle(MN)patches could be a promising treatment for diabetic foot ulcers that plague thousands of people worldwide.While reducing skin resistance or increasing driving force can accelerate the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery with conventional MN patches,it can create toxic chemical residues or require the help of additional devices.Herein,a thermo-responsive microneedles patch(TMN)with high biocompatibility without additional equipment is proposed.The TMN consisted of a bilayer microneedles composed of sodium alginate(SA)-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)layer(SA-g-PNIPAM)loaded with sucrose octasulfate sodium salt(SOS)and hyaluronic acid layer and a polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofiber membrane loading with tetracycline hydrochloride(TH)and SOS.PNIPAM accelerates drug release by extruding the drug through a volumetric phase transition in response to temperature changes,and TH and SOS promote wound healing by inhibiting bacterial growth and promoting vascular regeneration and epithelial formation.The results showed that the drug release of TMN was significantly faster,with the drug release rate of more than 80% in the 10th h,and the antibacterial rate of TMN could reach 800%.In addition,TMN had good biocompatibility and good healing effects in vivo,which may be helpful for the design of multifunctional dressings in the future.
文摘To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks obtained from a public dataset are cropped into patches of 256 square pixels that are classified with a pre-trained deep convolution neural network,the true positives are segmented,and crack properties are extracted using two different methods.The first method is primarily based on active contour models and level-set segmentation and the second method consists of the domain adaptation of a mathematical morphology-based method known as FIL-FINDER.A statistical test has been performed for the comparison of the stated methods and a database prepared with the more suitable method.An advanced convolution neural network-based multi-output regression model has been proposed which was trained with the prepared database and validated with the held-out dataset for the prediction of crack-length,crack-width,and width-uncertainty directly from input image patches.The pro-posed model has been tested on crack patches collected from different locations.Huber loss has been used to ensure the robustness of the proposed model selected from a set of 288 different variations of it.Additionally,an ablation study has been conducted on the top 3 models that demonstrated the influence of each network component on the pre-diction results.Finally,the best performing model HHc-X among the top 3 has been proposed that predicted crack properties which are in close agreement to the ground truths in the test data.
基金This work was supported by the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province Universities,China(No.YJS20210388)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974009,52004006,and 52004005)+2 种基金the Major Science and Technology Special Project of Anhui Province,China(No.202203a07020011)the Collaborative Innovation Project of Anhui Province Universities,China(No.GXXT-2021-075)the Huaibei City Science and Technology Major Program(No.Z2020005).
文摘Investigation of unloading rock failure under differentσ_(2)facilitates the control mechanism of excavation surrounding rock.This study focused on single-sided unloading tests of granite specimens under true triaxial conditions.The strength and failure characteristics were studied with micro-camera and acoustic emission(AE)monitoring.Furthermore,the choice of test path and the effect ofσ_(2)on fracture of unloading rock were discussed.Results show that the increasedσ_(2)can strengthen the stability of single-sided unloading rock.After unloading,the rock’s free surface underwent five phases,namely,inoculation,particle ejection,buckling rupture,stable failure,and unstable rockburst phases.Moreover,atσ_(2)≤30 MPa,the b value shows the following variation tendency:rising,dropping,significant fluctuation,and dropping,with dispersed damages signal.Atσ_(2)≥40 MPa,the tendency shows:a rise,a decrease,a slight fluctuation,and final drop,with concentrated damages signal.After unloading,AE energy is mainly concentrated in the micro-energy range.With the increasedσ_(2),the micro-energy ratio rises.In contrast,low,medium and large energy ratios drop gradually.The increased tensile fractures and decreased shear fractures indicate that the failure mode of the unloading rock gradually changes from tensile-shear mode to tensile-split one.The fractional dimension of the rock fragments first increases and then decreases with an inflection point at 20 MPa.The distribution of SIF on the planes changes asσ_(2)increases,resulting in strengthening and then weakening of the rock bearing capacity.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2017YFB1201003.
文摘This paper investigates characteristics of ironless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM)based on Halbach array used for medium-speed(200km/h)maglev train.Long primary ironless coil is laid in the middle of track and the Halbach permanent magnet array is attached to the bottom of each bogie as a source of traction,U-shape electromagnets at the both sides of the train for levitation.Two dimensional analytical model of single-sided ironless PMLSM based on Halbach array is established,using linear overlay method,the no-load air gap magnetic field is calculated firstly,winding current density distribution is obtained for calculating the characteristics of thrust and normal force against power angle,including force characteristics with equal and unequal pole pitch,the influence of steel sleeper,etc.Besides,the mathematical model for this type motor is built by 3D finite element method,the traction characteristics of medium-speed maglev under maximum speed 200km/h are calculated.The characteristics of this type motor are satisfactory owing to there is no detent force in the motor and thrust force reach maximum meanwhile normal force can be eliminated.Calculation method is verified by comparing finite element results,experimental result on a 200kW type motor further validates the accuracy of calculation and some important conclusions are obtained.
文摘基于深度神经网络的目标检测技术已经广泛应用于各领域,然而,通过对抗补丁攻击在图像中添加局部扰动,以此来误导深度神经网络,对基于目标检测技术的视觉系统构成了严重威胁。针对这一问题,利用对抗补丁和图像背景的语义差异性,提出了一种基于PatchTracker的对抗补丁防御算法,该算法由上游补丁检测器与下游数据增强模块组成。上游补丁检测器使用带有注意力机制的YOLOV5(you only look once-v5)确定对抗补丁所在位置,有助于提高对小尺度对抗补丁的检测精度;将检测区域用合适的像素值覆盖以抹除对抗补丁,上游补丁检测器不仅能够有效降低对抗样本的攻击性,而且不依赖大规模的训练数据;下游数据增强模块通过改进模型训练范式,提高下游目标检测器的鲁棒性;将抹除补丁后的图像输入经过数据增强的下游YOLOV5目标检测模型。在公开的TT100K交通标志数据集上进行了交叉验证,实验表明,与未采取防御措施相比,所提算法能够有效防御多种类型的通用对抗补丁攻击,在检测对抗补丁图像时的mAP(mean average precision)提高65%左右,有效地改善了小尺度对抗补丁的漏检情况。与现有算法比较,所提算法有效提高了神经网络在检测对抗样本时的准确率。此外,所提算法不涉及下游模型结构的修改,具有良好的兼容性。
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2022BEG02003)the Excellent Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202085)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023448).
文摘The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373280,52177014,52273257,51977009 and11774027).
文摘The intelligent era brings electronics closer to humans,but also produces a large scale of electromag-netic(EM)radiation simultaneously,which causes serious harm to health and high sophisticated equip-ment.Exploring the underlying response logic of EM materials is urgently needed to face the challenge of EM interference(EMI)and secondary EM pollution better.Herein,PEDOT:PSS-patched magnetic graphene films are fabricated by vacuum-assisted molecular patching engineering,with tunable EM wave response.Based on the observation of micro-nano structure,the dielectric genes are visually revealed,which offers a bran-new horizon for the optimization of EM properties.Impressively,the constructed films achieve double band shielding toward gigahertz wave and infrared radiation.The optimal EMI shielding efficiency exceeds 99%,and covers the entire X-band.Meanwhile,the green shielding index rises from 0.3 to 0.6,indicating that it is a potential green EMI shielding materials.Furthermore,the periodic macroscopic interfaces and the inherent thermal anisotropy endow the films with thermal insulation and flexible in-frared stealth functions in simulated thermal environments.This work refreshes the insight into multi-band shielding,providing a new idea to EM energy governance.
基金supported in part by the Research on the Application of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes under Grant No.2020SK50910in part by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023JJ60020.
文摘Early screening of diabetes retinopathy(DR)plays an important role in preventing irreversible blindness.Existing research has failed to fully explore effective DR lesion information in fundus maps.Besides,traditional attention schemes have not considered the impact of lesion type differences on grading,resulting in unreasonable extraction of important lesion features.Therefore,this paper proposes a DR diagnosis scheme that integrates a multi-level patch attention generator(MPAG)and a lesion localization module(LLM).Firstly,MPAGis used to predict patches of different sizes and generate a weighted attention map based on the prediction score and the types of lesions contained in the patches,fully considering the impact of lesion type differences on grading,solving the problem that the attention maps of lesions cannot be further refined and then adapted to the final DR diagnosis task.Secondly,the LLM generates a global attention map based on localization.Finally,the weighted attention map and global attention map are weighted with the fundus map to fully explore effective DR lesion information and increase the attention of the classification network to lesion details.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method through extensive experiments on the public DDR dataset,obtaining an accuracy of 0.8064.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31971271)The Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J01794)The Science and Technology Plan Project of Quanzhou(No.2021N033S).
文摘Delayed or non-healing of diabetic wounds is a significant complication,often attributed to high glucose-induced M1 macrophage accumulation,impaired angiogenesis,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)buildup.Addressing this,we introduced a strontium polyphenol network microneedle patch(SrC-MPNs@MN-PP)for percutaneous drug delivery.This patch,formulated with polymer poly(γ-glutamic acid)(γ-PGA)and epsilon-poly-l-lysine(ε-PLL),incorporates strontium polyphenol networks(SrC-MPNs).The release of chlorogenic acid(CGA)from SrC-MPNs not only neutralizes ROS,but strontium ions also foster angiogen-esis.Consequently,SrC-MPNs@MN-PP can ameliorate the diabetic wound microenvironment and expedite healing.
