This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by s...This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by simultaneous adsorption from composite systems,as well as the relevant factors.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize adsorption behavior.The adsorption kinetics of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems can be effectively characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)>0.97).In the Pb^(2+)-MB composite system,adsorption was antagonistic with similar adsorption sites.However,in the Pb^(2+)-CR composite system,we found that adsorption was synergistic with different adsorption sites,which led to a higher simultaneous adsorption capacity for a higher initial Pb^(2+)-CR concentration,unlike the Pb^(2+)-MB system.In both composite systems,an appropriate increase in LBM dosage and system temperature within a certain range was conducive to simultaneous adsorption and removal of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The optimal solid-liquid ratio and temperature were 1:75 and 30℃,respectively.The adsorption and removal rates of Pb^(2+)and MB were 99.98%and 90.49%,respectively,and those of Pb^(2+)and CR were 93.99%and 77.39%,respectively,in(50,50)mg/L of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems under these conditions.Adsorption removal of Pb^(2+)and MB improved with higher pH levels,and worsened with the increase of ionic strength in the solution,while the removal rate of CR showed an opposite trend.The coexisting anion and cation types had limited influence on the simultaneous adsorption removal of Pb^(2+),MB,and CR.The results of desorption showed that LBM can be utilized as a disposable material for simultaneously treating Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The simultaneous adsorption mechanisms of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR mainly involved hydrogen bonding,π-πbonding interaction,and electrostatic interaction.展开更多
MnO2-10aded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin has been used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorbent dosage,solution pH and the coexistent ions on t...MnO2-10aded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin has been used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorbent dosage,solution pH and the coexistent ions on the adsorption were investigated.Experimental results showed that with the adsorbent dosage more than 0.6 g/L,both Pb^2+and Cd^2+were simultaneously removed at pH range 5-6.Except for HPO4^2-,the high concentration coexistent ions such as Na^+,K^+,Cl^-,NO3^-,SO4^2-and HCO3^-,showed no significant effect on the removal efficiency of both Pb^2+and Cd^2+under the experimental conditions.The coexistence of Mg^2+,Ca^2+caused the reduction of Cd^2+removal,but not for Pb^2+.The adsorption equilibrium for Pb^2+and Cd^2+could be excellently described by the Langmuir isotherm model with R^2〉0.99.The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 80.64 mg/g for Pb^2+and 21.45 mg/g for Cd^2+.The adsorption processes followed the pseudo first-order kinetics model.MnO2-loaded D301 resin has been shown to have a potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for simultaneous removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.展开更多
A laboratory trial was conducted for evaluating the capability of a continuously stirred hydrogen-based membrane biofllm reactor to simultaneously reduce nitrate （NO3--N）, sulfate （SO42-）, bromate （BrO3-）, hexav...A laboratory trial was conducted for evaluating the capability of a continuously stirred hydrogen-based membrane biofllm reactor to simultaneously reduce nitrate （NO3--N）, sulfate （SO42-）, bromate （BrO3-）, hexavalent chromium （Cr（VI）） and para- chloronitrobenzene （p-CNB）. The reactor contained two bundles of hollow fiber membranes functioning as an autotrophic biofiim carder and hydrogen pipe as well. On the condition that hydrogen was supplied as electron donor and diffused into water through membrane pores, autohydrogenotrophic bacteria were capable of reducing contaminants to forms with lower toxicity. Reduction occurred within 1 day and removal fluxes for NO3--N, SO42-, BrO3-, Cr（VI）, and p-CNB reached 0.641, 2.396, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.031 g/（day.m2）, respectively after 112 days of continuous operation. Except for the fact that sulfate was 37% removed under high surface loading, the other four contaminants were reduced by over 95 %. The removal flux comparison between phases varying in surface loading and 1-12 pressure showed that decreasing surface loading or increasing 1-12 pressure would promote removal flux. Competition for electrons occurred among the five contaminants. Electron-equivalent flux analysis showed that the amount of utilized hydrogen was mainly controlled by NO3--N and SO42- reduction, which accounted for over 99% of the electron flux altogether. It also indicated the electron acceptor order, showing that nitrate was the most prior electron acceptor while sulfate was the second of the five contaminants.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)) are often found in soils and water affected by metal smelting,chemical manufacturing,and electroplating.In this study,synthetic iron sulfide nanoparticles(FeS NPs) ...Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)) are often found in soils and water affected by metal smelting,chemical manufacturing,and electroplating.In this study,synthetic iron sulfide nanoparticles(FeS NPs) were stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) and utilized to remove Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb from an aqueous solution.Batch experiments,a Visual MINTEQ model,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS) analysis were used to determine the removal efficiencies,influencing factors,and mechanisms.The FeS NP suspension simultaneously removed Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb from an aqueous solution.The concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb decreased from 50,10,and 50 mg·L^(-1) to 2.5,0.1,and 0.1 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The removal capacities were up to 418,96,and 585 mg per gram of stabilized FeS NPs,respectively.The acidic conditions significantly favored the removal of aqueous Cr(Ⅵ) while the alkaline conditions favored the removal of Cd and Pb.Oxygen slightly inhibited the removal of Cr(Ⅵ),but it had no significant influence on the removal of Cd and Pb.A potential mechanism was proposed for the simultaneous removal of Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb using FeS NPs.The interactions of the three heavy metals involved a cationic bridging effect on Cr(Ⅵ) by Cd,an enhanced adsorption effect on Cd by [Cr,Fe](OH)_3,precipitation of PbCrO_4,and transformation of PbCrO_4 to PbS.Therefore,FeS NPs have a high potential for use in the simultaneous removal of Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb from contaminated aqueous solutions.展开更多
The simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0)from industrial exhaust flue gas has drawn worldwide attention in recent years.A particularly attractive technique is selective catalytic reduction,which effectively ...The simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0)from industrial exhaust flue gas has drawn worldwide attention in recent years.A particularly attractive technique is selective catalytic reduction,which effectively removes SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0)at low temperatures.This paper first reviews the simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0)by unsupported and supported catalysts.It then describes and compares the research progress of various carriers,eg.,carbon-based materials,metal oxides,silica,molecular sieves,metal-organic frameworks,and pillared interlayered clays,in the simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0).The effects of flue-gas components(such as O_(2),NH3,HCl,H2 O,SO_(2),NO and Hg^(0))on the removal of SO_(2),NOx,and Hg^(0)are discussed comprehensively and systematically.After summarizing the pollutantremoval mechanism,the review discusses future developments in the simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NOx and Hg^(0)by catalysts.展开更多
Absorption and catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide can be achieved by using cobalt（Ⅲ） ethylenediamine （Co（en）3^3＋. When simultaneous absorbing SO2 and NO, the precipitation of Co2（SO3）3 will be yielded and th...Absorption and catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide can be achieved by using cobalt（Ⅲ） ethylenediamine （Co（en）3^3＋. When simultaneous absorbing SO2 and NO, the precipitation of Co2（SO3）3 will be yielded and the NO removal will be decreased. A new catalyst system using Co（en）3^3＋ coupled with urea has been developed to simultaneous remove NO and SO2 in the flue gas. NO is absorbed and catalytically oxidized to nitrite and nitrate by Co（en）3^3＋. The dissolved oxygen in scrubbing solution from the feed stream acts as oxidant. Urea restrains the precipitation of Co2（SO3）3 by oxidizing SO3^2-to SO4^2- as COSO4 is more soluble in water. The experimental results proved that nearly all SO3^2- can be oxidized to SO4^2- and the high NO and SO2 removal could be obtained with the new system. The NO removal is influenced by gas flow rate, the concentration of Co（en）3^3＋ and urea in the absorption solution, the temperature of the scrubbing solution and the content of oxygen in the flue gas. The low gas flow rate is favorable to increase the NO removal. The experiments proved that the NO removal could be maintained at more than 95% by the system of 0.02 mol/L Co（en）3^3＋ and 1% urea at 50℃ with 10% O2 in the flue gas.展开更多
Performance of a full-scale anoxic-oxic activated sludge treatment plant（4.0×10-5 m-3/day for the first-stage project） was followed during a year.The plant performed well for the removal of carbon,nitrogen and ...Performance of a full-scale anoxic-oxic activated sludge treatment plant（4.0×10-5 m-3/day for the first-stage project） was followed during a year.The plant performed well for the removal of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in the process of treating domestic wastewater within a temperature range of 10.8℃ to 30.5℃.Mass balance calculations indicated that COD utilization mainly occurred in the anoxic phase,accounting for 88.2% of total COD removal.Ammonia nitrogen removal occurred 13.71% in the anoxic zones and 78.77% in the aerobic zones.The contribution of anoxic zones to total nitrogen（TN） removal was 57.41%.Results indicated that nitrogen elimination in the oxic tanks was mainly contributed by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification（SND）.The reduction of phosphorus mainly took place in the oxic zones,51.45% of the total removal.Denitrifying phosphorus removal was achieved biologically by 11.29%.Practical experience proved that adaptability to gradually changing temperature of the microbial populations was important to maintain the plant overall stability.Sudden changes in temperature did not cause paralysis of the system just lower removal efficiency,which could be explained by functional redundancy of microorganisms that may compensate the adverse effects of temperature changes to a certain degree.Anoxic-oxic process without internal recycling has great potential to treat low strength wastewater（i.e.,TN 〈 35 mg/L） as well as reducing operation costs.展开更多
The simultaneous removal of NOx and particulate matter(PM) from diesel exhaust is investigated over a mixed metal oxide catalyst of La 0.9 K 0.1 CoO 3 loaded on γ-Al 2O 3 spherules with the assistant of pl...The simultaneous removal of NOx and particulate matter(PM) from diesel exhaust is investigated over a mixed metal oxide catalyst of La 0.9 K 0.1 CoO 3 loaded on γ-Al 2O 3 spherules with the assistant of plasma. It was found that NOx was reduced by PM in oxygen rich atmosphere, the CO 2 and N 2 were produced in the same temperature window without considering the N 2 formed by plasma decomposition. As a result, the temperature for the PM combustion decreases and the reduction efficiency of NOx to N 2 increases during the plasma process, which indicated that the activity of the catalyst can be improved by plasma. The NOx is decomposed by plasma at both low temperature and high temperature. Therefore, the whole efficiency of NOx conversion is enhanced.展开更多
The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge (GA) reactor. Good decomposition efficienc...The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge (GA) reactor. Good decomposition efficiencies are obtained which proves that the GA is effective for the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with either low or high concentration. A theoretical decomposition mechanism is proposed based on detection of the species in the plasma region and analysis of the decomposition by-products. This preliminary investigation reveals that the GA has potential to be applied to the treatment of exhaust air during color printing and coating works, by either direct removal or combination with activated carbon adsorption/desorption process.展开更多
Great attention should be paid now to simultaneously removing common pollutants, especially inorganic pollutants such as nitrate and heavy metals, as individual removal has been investigated extensively. Removing comm...Great attention should be paid now to simultaneously removing common pollutants, especially inorganic pollutants such as nitrate and heavy metals, as individual removal has been investigated extensively. Removing common pollutants simul- taneously by iron metal is a very effective alternative method. Near neutral pH, heavy metals, such as copper and nickel, can be removed rapidly by iron metal, while nitrate removal very much slower than that of copper and nickel, and copper can accelerate nitrate removal when both are removed simultaneously. Even a little amount of copper can enhance nitrate removal efficiently. Different mechanisms of these contaminants removal by iron metal were also discussed.展开更多
Herein,a series of niobium oxide supported cerium nanotubes(Ce NTs)catalysts with different loading amount of Nb_(2)O_(5)(0–10 wt.%)were prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SC...Herein,a series of niobium oxide supported cerium nanotubes(Ce NTs)catalysts with different loading amount of Nb_(2)O_(5)(0–10 wt.%)were prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR)in the presence of CH_(2)Cl_(2).Commercial V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)-TiO_(2) catalyst was also prepared for comparison.The physcial properties and chemical properties of the Nb_(2)O_(5) loaded cerium nanotubes catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffractometer,Transmission electron microscope,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area,H_(2)-temperature programmed reduction,NH_(3)-temperature programmed desorption and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy.The experiment results showed that the loading amount of Nb_(2)O_(5) had a significant effect on the catalytic performance of the catalysts.10 wt.%Nb-Ce NTs catalyst presented the best NH_(3)-SCR performance and degradation efficiency of CH_(2)Cl_(2) among the prepared catalysts,due to its superior redox capability,abundant surface oxygen species and acid sites,the interaction between Nb and Ce,higher ratio of Nb^(4+)/(Nb^(5+)+Nb^(4+))and Ce^(3+)/(Ce^(3+)+Ce^(4+)),as well as the special tubular structure of cerium nanotube.This study may provide a practical approach for the design and synthesis of SCR catalysts for the simultaneously removal NOxand chlorinated volatile organic compounds(CVOCs)emitted from the stationary industrial sources.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells（MFCs） have become a promising technology for wastewater treatment accompanying electricity generation. Carbon and nitrogen removal can be achieved by utilizing the electron transfer between the ...Microbial fuel cells（MFCs） have become a promising technology for wastewater treatment accompanying electricity generation. Carbon and nitrogen removal can be achieved by utilizing the electron transfer between the anode and cathode in an MFC. However,large-scale power production and high removal efficiency must be achieved at a low cost to make MFCs practical and economically competitive in the future. This article reviews the principles, feasibility and bottlenecks of MFCs for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal, the recent advances and prospective strategies for performance improvement, as well as the involved microbes and electron transfer mechanisms.展开更多
Biodesulfurization （BDS） is a promising technology for deep desulfurization. In this work, Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 cells are immobilized in calcium alginate beads and used for BDS of transportation fuels. It is ...Biodesulfurization （BDS） is a promising technology for deep desulfurization. In this work, Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 cells are immobilized in calcium alginate beads and used for BDS of transportation fuels. It is found that thiophene and dibenzothiophene （DBT） can be simultaneously metabolized by immobilized R-8 cells. The initial sulfur content in the model oil is 300 mg·kg-1 （thiophene ＂ DI3T= 1 ＂ 1）. After 10 h of treatment, the thiophene concentration is reduced by 40%, while DBT is reduced by 25%. The utilization rate of thiophene is faster than that of DBT. Moreover, the oil/water ratio of alginate immobilized cells is studied to reduce the water volume in desulfurization systems. Long-term recycling of BDS by alginate immobilized cells is carried out with oil/water ratio at 5 ： 1. The immobilized cells are successfully reused over 15 batch cycles. In the last batch, the desulfurization activity remains at least 75% of the first batch.展开更多
Diesel engine exhaust comprises nitrogen oxides(NOx)and soot particles,which cause serious air pollution.However,owing to the contradictory nature of NO_(x)reduction and soot oxidation,a trade-off exists in the simult...Diesel engine exhaust comprises nitrogen oxides(NOx)and soot particles,which cause serious air pollution.However,owing to the contradictory nature of NO_(x)reduction and soot oxidation,a trade-off exists in the simultaneous removal of NO_(x)and soot.Consequently,catalytic technology has become a hot research topic.This study prepared MOδ/Fe-Beta(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Mn,Cu)catalysts through incipient wetness impregnation using Fe-Beta as the support and explored the catalytic performance of the above catalysts.The results exhibited the good performance of the prepared catalysts.The introduction of Mn resulted in a lower peak temperature of soot combustion for the catalyst,and slightly decreased deNOx performance of Fe-Beta.The soot combustion temperature was as low as 422℃,and the temperature window for 80%NO conversion was 164-423℃.The interaction between MnOd and zeolite can regulate the acid sites and produce sufficient active oxygen species for the catalyst.The catalytic activity of the MnOδ/Fe-Beta catalyst is due to its strong redox property,the appropriate number of acid sites,and sufficient number of active oxygen species.In addition,the catalyst had good stability and water and sulfur resistance,therefore it had great potential for future application in the simultaneous removal of NO_(x)and soot from diesel engine exhaust.展开更多
V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption-desorption （BET）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ...V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption-desorption （BET）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and catalytic removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at low temperature （〈300 ？C） were used to assess the properties of the catalysts. The results showed that the sample with 1wt% vanadium exhibited an excellent catalytic performance for simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides. The conversions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at 250 ？C were 100%, 74.4% and 98.7%, respectively. V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst with 1 wt% vanadium showed the largest surface area and higher dispersion of vanadium oxide on the catalyst surface, and possessed a larger mole fraction of V4＋ species and unique PdO species on the surface, which can be attributed to the strong synergistic effect among palladium, vanadium and the carriers. The higher activity of V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is related to the V4＋ and Pd2＋ species on the surface, which might be favorable for the formation of active sites.展开更多
The activities of ZrO_2-supported precious metal catalysts for simultaneous removal of soot and NO_x in the presence of rich O_2and H_2O as well as SO_2 have been studied by keeping loose contact between catalyst and ...The activities of ZrO_2-supported precious metal catalysts for simultaneous removal of soot and NO_x in the presence of rich O_2and H_2O as well as SO_2 have been studied by keeping loose contact between catalyst and soot.The results show that only Ru,Ir and Rh have catalytic activity for simultaneous removal of soot and NO_x and the order of catalytic activity is Ru > Ir > Rh.Pt has the catalytic activity only for the removal of soot,and Ag,Pd,and Au have hardly any catalytic activities for the removal of soot and NO_x.The relationships between catalytic activity of precious metal catalysts and various reaction conditions were discussed.展开更多
The multi-stages humidifier semi-dry flue gas cleaning technology, the CRS plasma flue gas cleaning technology and oxidative additive flue gas cleaning technology were investigated for multi-pollutants removal. The se...The multi-stages humidifier semi-dry flue gas cleaning technology, the CRS plasma flue gas cleaning technology and oxidative additive flue gas cleaning technology were investigated for multi-pollutants removal. The semi-dry flue gas cleaning technology using multi-stages humidifier and additive can improve oxidation and absorption, and it can achieve high multi-pollutants removal efficiency. The CRS discharge can produce many OH radicals that promote NO oxidation. Combining NaOH absorption can achieve high deSO2 and deNO, efficiencies. It is fit for the reconstruction of primary wet flue gas desulfurization （WFGD）. In addition, using NaClO2 as additive in the absorbent of WFGD can obtain very high removal efficiency of SO2 and NOx.展开更多
The coexistence of emerging containments,such as antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)and antibiotics,potentially influence elimination efficiencies in UV light-emitting diode(UV-LED)alon...The coexistence of emerging containments,such as antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)and antibiotics,potentially influence elimination efficiencies in UV light-emitting diode(UV-LED)alone and UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system as their complex interactions.Tetracycline(TC)degradation efficiency(kF)correlated closely with its UV molar absorbance(R^(2)=0.831)in UV-LED alone system and with·OH yield(R^(2)=0.999)in UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system across studied wavelengths(265,280 and 310 nm).The kF values for intracellular DNA(i-ARGs)also exhibited a high correlation with UV-LED wavelengths in both systems(R^(2)=0.997-0.999).The coexistence of TC and ARB/ARGs resulted in a mutual inhibition of their degradation efficiencies due to competition for photons and·OH,along with the consequent reduction in intracellular ROS within ARB,with their degradation efficiencies exhibiting marked dependence on wavelength in both systems.Notably,the UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system at 265 nm effectively achieved the simultaneous removal of TC,ARB and ARGs with minimal energy consumption,and successfully fragmented ARGs.The degradation pathway of TC was analyzed,and the biotoxicity of its degradation intermediates demonstrated the environmental friendliness and safety of UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) technology.This study elucidated the competitive interactions between antibiotics and ARB/ARGs within UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system,providing a promising approach for their simultaneous removal while ensuring energy efficiency.展开更多
Simultaneous removals of dye and nitrate by photo dependent denitrifying sludge(PDDS) have been demonstrated in a continuous flow bench scale reactor. The best C/N for the degradation of azo dyes by PDDS was 1.5. T...Simultaneous removals of dye and nitrate by photo dependent denitrifying sludge(PDDS) have been demonstrated in a continuous flow bench scale reactor. The best C/N for the degradation of azo dyes by PDDS was 1.5. The specific removal rate of azo dye AB92 decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time and increased with a decrease in solids retention time. The degradation rate of TOC decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time. AB92, which has nitro and hydroxyl substitutions in non para positions, was uniquely degraded. During continuous flow treatment experiments using PDDS, complete degradation of azo dyes AB92 and AO20 at influent concentrations of 40 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively, was achieved with an HRT of 16.展开更多
L-threonine(L-Thr) obtained by fermentation often contains vestigial hydrosoluble Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), L-glutamic acid(L-Glu) etc., which affect the product quality. Poly melamine and L-aspartic acid(L-Asp) resin functiona...L-threonine(L-Thr) obtained by fermentation often contains vestigial hydrosoluble Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), L-glutamic acid(L-Glu) etc., which affect the product quality. Poly melamine and L-aspartic acid(L-Asp) resin functional coconut shell activated carbon composite(PMA/AC) was prepared by a pressure relief-dipping-microwave assisted polymerization method for the simultaneous removals. The adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and L-Glu could reach to 82.34 mg·g^(-1), 57.82 mg·g^(-1) and 102.58 mg·g^(-1) at conditions of pH 5.0, 45 °C and 4 h with an initial concentration of 0.01 mol·L^(-1), respectively. The present PMA/AC was successfully used to the simultaneous removals of vestigial Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and L-Glu from the fermented crude product solution of L-Thr. Moreover, the PMA/AC was carefully characterized by FE-SEM, IR et al. analysis techniques, the results show that abundant PMA particles evenly distributed at the inner and outside surface of AC with a size of(50 ± 20) nm.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1702003 and 2023YFC3709001).
文摘This study aims to optimize the use of lacquer residue biomass(LBM).We investigated the ability of LBM to remove Pb^(2+)heavy metal ions and the typical cationic dye methylene blue(MB)and anionic dye Congo red(CR)by simultaneous adsorption from composite systems,as well as the relevant factors.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize adsorption behavior.The adsorption kinetics of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems can be effectively characterized by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)>0.97).In the Pb^(2+)-MB composite system,adsorption was antagonistic with similar adsorption sites.However,in the Pb^(2+)-CR composite system,we found that adsorption was synergistic with different adsorption sites,which led to a higher simultaneous adsorption capacity for a higher initial Pb^(2+)-CR concentration,unlike the Pb^(2+)-MB system.In both composite systems,an appropriate increase in LBM dosage and system temperature within a certain range was conducive to simultaneous adsorption and removal of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The optimal solid-liquid ratio and temperature were 1:75 and 30℃,respectively.The adsorption and removal rates of Pb^(2+)and MB were 99.98%and 90.49%,respectively,and those of Pb^(2+)and CR were 93.99%and 77.39%,respectively,in(50,50)mg/L of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems under these conditions.Adsorption removal of Pb^(2+)and MB improved with higher pH levels,and worsened with the increase of ionic strength in the solution,while the removal rate of CR showed an opposite trend.The coexisting anion and cation types had limited influence on the simultaneous adsorption removal of Pb^(2+),MB,and CR.The results of desorption showed that LBM can be utilized as a disposable material for simultaneously treating Pb^(2+)-MB/CR composite systems.The simultaneous adsorption mechanisms of Pb^(2+)-MB/CR mainly involved hydrogen bonding,π-πbonding interaction,and electrostatic interaction.
基金supported by the National Mega-Project of Science and Technology of China(No.2008ZX07421-002)the International Cooperation Project of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2007DFR90050)
文摘MnO2-10aded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin has been used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorbent dosage,solution pH and the coexistent ions on the adsorption were investigated.Experimental results showed that with the adsorbent dosage more than 0.6 g/L,both Pb^2+and Cd^2+were simultaneously removed at pH range 5-6.Except for HPO4^2-,the high concentration coexistent ions such as Na^+,K^+,Cl^-,NO3^-,SO4^2-and HCO3^-,showed no significant effect on the removal efficiency of both Pb^2+and Cd^2+under the experimental conditions.The coexistence of Mg^2+,Ca^2+caused the reduction of Cd^2+removal,but not for Pb^2+.The adsorption equilibrium for Pb^2+and Cd^2+could be excellently described by the Langmuir isotherm model with R^2〉0.99.The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 80.64 mg/g for Pb^2+and 21.45 mg/g for Cd^2+.The adsorption processes followed the pseudo first-order kinetics model.MnO2-loaded D301 resin has been shown to have a potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for simultaneous removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50978190)
文摘A laboratory trial was conducted for evaluating the capability of a continuously stirred hydrogen-based membrane biofllm reactor to simultaneously reduce nitrate （NO3--N）, sulfate （SO42-）, bromate （BrO3-）, hexavalent chromium （Cr（VI）） and para- chloronitrobenzene （p-CNB）. The reactor contained two bundles of hollow fiber membranes functioning as an autotrophic biofiim carder and hydrogen pipe as well. On the condition that hydrogen was supplied as electron donor and diffused into water through membrane pores, autohydrogenotrophic bacteria were capable of reducing contaminants to forms with lower toxicity. Reduction occurred within 1 day and removal fluxes for NO3--N, SO42-, BrO3-, Cr（VI）, and p-CNB reached 0.641, 2.396, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.031 g/（day.m2）, respectively after 112 days of continuous operation. Except for the fact that sulfate was 37% removed under high surface loading, the other four contaminants were reduced by over 95 %. The removal flux comparison between phases varying in surface loading and 1-12 pressure showed that decreasing surface loading or increasing 1-12 pressure would promote removal flux. Competition for electrons occurred among the five contaminants. Electron-equivalent flux analysis showed that the amount of utilized hydrogen was mainly controlled by NO3--N and SO42- reduction, which accounted for over 99% of the electron flux altogether. It also indicated the electron acceptor order, showing that nitrate was the most prior electron acceptor while sulfate was the second of the five contaminants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778084)the National key Research&Development program of China (2018YFC1800305)+2 种基金the Chongqing Ecology and Environment Bureau (2019-128)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2019YFSY0005)the Large Instruments Open Foundation of Chongqing University (201903150051)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)) are often found in soils and water affected by metal smelting,chemical manufacturing,and electroplating.In this study,synthetic iron sulfide nanoparticles(FeS NPs) were stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) and utilized to remove Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb from an aqueous solution.Batch experiments,a Visual MINTEQ model,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS) analysis were used to determine the removal efficiencies,influencing factors,and mechanisms.The FeS NP suspension simultaneously removed Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb from an aqueous solution.The concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb decreased from 50,10,and 50 mg·L^(-1) to 2.5,0.1,and 0.1 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The removal capacities were up to 418,96,and 585 mg per gram of stabilized FeS NPs,respectively.The acidic conditions significantly favored the removal of aqueous Cr(Ⅵ) while the alkaline conditions favored the removal of Cd and Pb.Oxygen slightly inhibited the removal of Cr(Ⅵ),but it had no significant influence on the removal of Cd and Pb.A potential mechanism was proposed for the simultaneous removal of Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb using FeS NPs.The interactions of the three heavy metals involved a cationic bridging effect on Cr(Ⅵ) by Cd,an enhanced adsorption effect on Cd by [Cr,Fe](OH)_3,precipitation of PbCrO_4,and transformation of PbCrO_4 to PbS.Therefore,FeS NPs have a high potential for use in the simultaneous removal of Cr(Ⅵ),Cd,and Pb from contaminated aqueous solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52000093,51968034,41807373 and21667015)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0213400)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020T130271,2019M663911XB)Open Fund of National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology(No.NELMS2019B03)。
文摘The simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0)from industrial exhaust flue gas has drawn worldwide attention in recent years.A particularly attractive technique is selective catalytic reduction,which effectively removes SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0)at low temperatures.This paper first reviews the simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0)by unsupported and supported catalysts.It then describes and compares the research progress of various carriers,eg.,carbon-based materials,metal oxides,silica,molecular sieves,metal-organic frameworks,and pillared interlayered clays,in the simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NO_(x)and Hg^(0).The effects of flue-gas components(such as O_(2),NH3,HCl,H2 O,SO_(2),NO and Hg^(0))on the removal of SO_(2),NOx,and Hg^(0)are discussed comprehensively and systematically.After summarizing the pollutantremoval mechanism,the review discusses future developments in the simultaneous removal of SO_(2),NOx and Hg^(0)by catalysts.
文摘Absorption and catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide can be achieved by using cobalt（Ⅲ） ethylenediamine （Co（en）3^3＋. When simultaneous absorbing SO2 and NO, the precipitation of Co2（SO3）3 will be yielded and the NO removal will be decreased. A new catalyst system using Co（en）3^3＋ coupled with urea has been developed to simultaneous remove NO and SO2 in the flue gas. NO is absorbed and catalytically oxidized to nitrite and nitrate by Co（en）3^3＋. The dissolved oxygen in scrubbing solution from the feed stream acts as oxidant. Urea restrains the precipitation of Co2（SO3）3 by oxidizing SO3^2-to SO4^2- as COSO4 is more soluble in water. The experimental results proved that nearly all SO3^2- can be oxidized to SO4^2- and the high NO and SO2 removal could be obtained with the new system. The NO removal is influenced by gas flow rate, the concentration of Co（en）3^3＋ and urea in the absorption solution, the temperature of the scrubbing solution and the content of oxygen in the flue gas. The low gas flow rate is favorable to increase the NO removal. The experiments proved that the NO removal could be maintained at more than 95% by the system of 0.02 mol/L Co（en）3^3＋ and 1% urea at 50℃ with 10% O2 in the flue gas.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (No. 2012AA063302)the Jiangsu Water Protection Project (No. 2015005)
文摘Performance of a full-scale anoxic-oxic activated sludge treatment plant（4.0×10-5 m-3/day for the first-stage project） was followed during a year.The plant performed well for the removal of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in the process of treating domestic wastewater within a temperature range of 10.8℃ to 30.5℃.Mass balance calculations indicated that COD utilization mainly occurred in the anoxic phase,accounting for 88.2% of total COD removal.Ammonia nitrogen removal occurred 13.71% in the anoxic zones and 78.77% in the aerobic zones.The contribution of anoxic zones to total nitrogen（TN） removal was 57.41%.Results indicated that nitrogen elimination in the oxic tanks was mainly contributed by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification（SND）.The reduction of phosphorus mainly took place in the oxic zones,51.45% of the total removal.Denitrifying phosphorus removal was achieved biologically by 11.29%.Practical experience proved that adaptability to gradually changing temperature of the microbial populations was important to maintain the plant overall stability.Sudden changes in temperature did not cause paralysis of the system just lower removal efficiency,which could be explained by functional redundancy of microorganisms that may compensate the adverse effects of temperature changes to a certain degree.Anoxic-oxic process without internal recycling has great potential to treat low strength wastewater（i.e.,TN 〈 35 mg/L） as well as reducing operation costs.
文摘The simultaneous removal of NOx and particulate matter(PM) from diesel exhaust is investigated over a mixed metal oxide catalyst of La 0.9 K 0.1 CoO 3 loaded on γ-Al 2O 3 spherules with the assistant of plasma. It was found that NOx was reduced by PM in oxygen rich atmosphere, the CO 2 and N 2 were produced in the same temperature window without considering the N 2 formed by plasma decomposition. As a result, the temperature for the PM combustion decreases and the reduction efficiency of NOx to N 2 increases during the plasma process, which indicated that the activity of the catalyst can be improved by plasma. The NOx is decomposed by plasma at both low temperature and high temperature. Therefore, the whole efficiency of NOx conversion is enhanced.
基金Project (No. 50476058) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge (GA) reactor. Good decomposition efficiencies are obtained which proves that the GA is effective for the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with either low or high concentration. A theoretical decomposition mechanism is proposed based on detection of the species in the plasma region and analysis of the decomposition by-products. This preliminary investigation reveals that the GA has potential to be applied to the treatment of exhaust air during color printing and coating works, by either direct removal or combination with activated carbon adsorption/desorption process.
基金Project (No. 20407015) supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China
文摘Great attention should be paid now to simultaneously removing common pollutants, especially inorganic pollutants such as nitrate and heavy metals, as individual removal has been investigated extensively. Removing common pollutants simul- taneously by iron metal is a very effective alternative method. Near neutral pH, heavy metals, such as copper and nickel, can be removed rapidly by iron metal, while nitrate removal very much slower than that of copper and nickel, and copper can accelerate nitrate removal when both are removed simultaneously. Even a little amount of copper can enhance nitrate removal efficiently. Different mechanisms of these contaminants removal by iron metal were also discussed.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070168 and 51708492)National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2016YFC0204100)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial“151 Talents Programthe Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation(No.2013TD07)。
文摘Herein,a series of niobium oxide supported cerium nanotubes(Ce NTs)catalysts with different loading amount of Nb_(2)O_(5)(0–10 wt.%)were prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR)in the presence of CH_(2)Cl_(2).Commercial V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)-TiO_(2) catalyst was also prepared for comparison.The physcial properties and chemical properties of the Nb_(2)O_(5) loaded cerium nanotubes catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffractometer,Transmission electron microscope,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area,H_(2)-temperature programmed reduction,NH_(3)-temperature programmed desorption and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy.The experiment results showed that the loading amount of Nb_(2)O_(5) had a significant effect on the catalytic performance of the catalysts.10 wt.%Nb-Ce NTs catalyst presented the best NH_(3)-SCR performance and degradation efficiency of CH_(2)Cl_(2) among the prepared catalysts,due to its superior redox capability,abundant surface oxygen species and acid sites,the interaction between Nb and Ce,higher ratio of Nb^(4+)/(Nb^(5+)+Nb^(4+))and Ce^(3+)/(Ce^(3+)+Ce^(4+)),as well as the special tubular structure of cerium nanotube.This study may provide a practical approach for the design and synthesis of SCR catalysts for the simultaneously removal NOxand chlorinated volatile organic compounds(CVOCs)emitted from the stationary industrial sources.
基金supported by the "Knowledge Innovation" Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. KZZD-EW09-3 and KSCX2-EW-B-1-5)the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2015ZX07206-006)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China (No. 2014BAD14B01)
文摘Microbial fuel cells（MFCs） have become a promising technology for wastewater treatment accompanying electricity generation. Carbon and nitrogen removal can be achieved by utilizing the electron transfer between the anode and cathode in an MFC. However,large-scale power production and high removal efficiency must be achieved at a low cost to make MFCs practical and economically competitive in the future. This article reviews the principles, feasibility and bottlenecks of MFCs for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal, the recent advances and prospective strategies for performance improvement, as well as the involved microbes and electron transfer mechanisms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21076216,30970046)
文摘Biodesulfurization （BDS） is a promising technology for deep desulfurization. In this work, Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 cells are immobilized in calcium alginate beads and used for BDS of transportation fuels. It is found that thiophene and dibenzothiophene （DBT） can be simultaneously metabolized by immobilized R-8 cells. The initial sulfur content in the model oil is 300 mg·kg-1 （thiophene ＂ DI3T= 1 ＂ 1）. After 10 h of treatment, the thiophene concentration is reduced by 40%, while DBT is reduced by 25%. The utilization rate of thiophene is faster than that of DBT. Moreover, the oil/water ratio of alginate immobilized cells is studied to reduce the water volume in desulfurization systems. Long-term recycling of BDS by alginate immobilized cells is carried out with oil/water ratio at 5 ： 1. The immobilized cells are successfully reused over 15 batch cycles. In the last batch, the desulfurization activity remains at least 75% of the first batch.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22372107,22072095,22202058)Postgraduate Education Reform Project of Liaoning Province(LNYJG2022400,LNYJG2023280)+3 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3506200,2022YFB3504100)Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2022-YQ-20)Shenyang Science and Technology Planning Project(22-322-3-28)Liaoning Xingliao talented youth Top talent program(XLYC2203007).
文摘Diesel engine exhaust comprises nitrogen oxides(NOx)and soot particles,which cause serious air pollution.However,owing to the contradictory nature of NO_(x)reduction and soot oxidation,a trade-off exists in the simultaneous removal of NO_(x)and soot.Consequently,catalytic technology has become a hot research topic.This study prepared MOδ/Fe-Beta(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Mn,Cu)catalysts through incipient wetness impregnation using Fe-Beta as the support and explored the catalytic performance of the above catalysts.The results exhibited the good performance of the prepared catalysts.The introduction of Mn resulted in a lower peak temperature of soot combustion for the catalyst,and slightly decreased deNOx performance of Fe-Beta.The soot combustion temperature was as low as 422℃,and the temperature window for 80%NO conversion was 164-423℃.The interaction between MnOd and zeolite can regulate the acid sites and produce sufficient active oxygen species for the catalyst.The catalytic activity of the MnOδ/Fe-Beta catalyst is due to its strong redox property,the appropriate number of acid sites,and sufficient number of active oxygen species.In addition,the catalyst had good stability and water and sulfur resistance,therefore it had great potential for future application in the simultaneous removal of NO_(x)and soot from diesel engine exhaust.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21073131)the Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(No. 2009011011-3)
文摘V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption-desorption （BET）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and catalytic removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at low temperature （〈300 ？C） were used to assess the properties of the catalysts. The results showed that the sample with 1wt% vanadium exhibited an excellent catalytic performance for simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides. The conversions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at 250 ？C were 100%, 74.4% and 98.7%, respectively. V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst with 1 wt% vanadium showed the largest surface area and higher dispersion of vanadium oxide on the catalyst surface, and possessed a larger mole fraction of V4＋ species and unique PdO species on the surface, which can be attributed to the strong synergistic effect among palladium, vanadium and the carriers. The higher activity of V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is related to the V4＋ and Pd2＋ species on the surface, which might be favorable for the formation of active sites.
基金the Special Fund for the Development of Strategic and New Industry in Shenzhen,China(No.JCYJ20130329162012793)National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars,China(Nos.20907012,ZYC201105160189A)the Basic Research Plan in Shenzhen City,China(No.JC201105160593A)
文摘The activities of ZrO_2-supported precious metal catalysts for simultaneous removal of soot and NO_x in the presence of rich O_2and H_2O as well as SO_2 have been studied by keeping loose contact between catalyst and soot.The results show that only Ru,Ir and Rh have catalytic activity for simultaneous removal of soot and NO_x and the order of catalytic activity is Ru > Ir > Rh.Pt has the catalytic activity only for the removal of soot,and Ag,Pd,and Au have hardly any catalytic activities for the removal of soot and NO_x.The relationships between catalytic activity of precious metal catalysts and various reaction conditions were discussed.
基金supported by NSF of Zhejiang (Y507079)EOP of Zhejiang (Y200702725)PSF of China (20080431325)
文摘The multi-stages humidifier semi-dry flue gas cleaning technology, the CRS plasma flue gas cleaning technology and oxidative additive flue gas cleaning technology were investigated for multi-pollutants removal. The semi-dry flue gas cleaning technology using multi-stages humidifier and additive can improve oxidation and absorption, and it can achieve high multi-pollutants removal efficiency. The CRS discharge can produce many OH radicals that promote NO oxidation. Combining NaOH absorption can achieve high deSO2 and deNO, efficiencies. It is fit for the reconstruction of primary wet flue gas desulfurization （WFGD）. In addition, using NaClO2 as additive in the absorbent of WFGD can obtain very high removal efficiency of SO2 and NOx.
基金supported by Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2020CXGC011204)Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(No.23-2-1-234-zyyd-jch).
文摘The coexistence of emerging containments,such as antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)and antibiotics,potentially influence elimination efficiencies in UV light-emitting diode(UV-LED)alone and UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system as their complex interactions.Tetracycline(TC)degradation efficiency(kF)correlated closely with its UV molar absorbance(R^(2)=0.831)in UV-LED alone system and with·OH yield(R^(2)=0.999)in UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system across studied wavelengths(265,280 and 310 nm).The kF values for intracellular DNA(i-ARGs)also exhibited a high correlation with UV-LED wavelengths in both systems(R^(2)=0.997-0.999).The coexistence of TC and ARB/ARGs resulted in a mutual inhibition of their degradation efficiencies due to competition for photons and·OH,along with the consequent reduction in intracellular ROS within ARB,with their degradation efficiencies exhibiting marked dependence on wavelength in both systems.Notably,the UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system at 265 nm effectively achieved the simultaneous removal of TC,ARB and ARGs with minimal energy consumption,and successfully fragmented ARGs.The degradation pathway of TC was analyzed,and the biotoxicity of its degradation intermediates demonstrated the environmental friendliness and safety of UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) technology.This study elucidated the competitive interactions between antibiotics and ARB/ARGs within UV-LED/H_(2)O_(2) system,providing a promising approach for their simultaneous removal while ensuring energy efficiency.
文摘Simultaneous removals of dye and nitrate by photo dependent denitrifying sludge(PDDS) have been demonstrated in a continuous flow bench scale reactor. The best C/N for the degradation of azo dyes by PDDS was 1.5. The specific removal rate of azo dye AB92 decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time and increased with a decrease in solids retention time. The degradation rate of TOC decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time. AB92, which has nitro and hydroxyl substitutions in non para positions, was uniquely degraded. During continuous flow treatment experiments using PDDS, complete degradation of azo dyes AB92 and AO20 at influent concentrations of 40 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively, was achieved with an HRT of 16.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1407110)2014 Special Funds of Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation and Environment Platform Construction,Public Research and Capacity Building(2014B090901010)
文摘L-threonine(L-Thr) obtained by fermentation often contains vestigial hydrosoluble Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ), L-glutamic acid(L-Glu) etc., which affect the product quality. Poly melamine and L-aspartic acid(L-Asp) resin functional coconut shell activated carbon composite(PMA/AC) was prepared by a pressure relief-dipping-microwave assisted polymerization method for the simultaneous removals. The adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and L-Glu could reach to 82.34 mg·g^(-1), 57.82 mg·g^(-1) and 102.58 mg·g^(-1) at conditions of pH 5.0, 45 °C and 4 h with an initial concentration of 0.01 mol·L^(-1), respectively. The present PMA/AC was successfully used to the simultaneous removals of vestigial Pb(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅱ) and L-Glu from the fermented crude product solution of L-Thr. Moreover, the PMA/AC was carefully characterized by FE-SEM, IR et al. analysis techniques, the results show that abundant PMA particles evenly distributed at the inner and outside surface of AC with a size of(50 ± 20) nm.
