Internet of Things(IoTs)devices are bringing about a revolutionary change our society by enabling connectivity regardless of time and location.However,The extensive deployment of these devices also makes them attracti...Internet of Things(IoTs)devices are bringing about a revolutionary change our society by enabling connectivity regardless of time and location.However,The extensive deployment of these devices also makes them attractive victims for themalicious actions of adversaries.Within the spectrumof existing threats,Side-ChannelAttacks(SCAs)have established themselves as an effective way to compromise cryptographic implementations.These attacks exploit unintended,unintended physical leakage that occurs during the cryptographic execution of devices,bypassing the theoretical strength of the crypto design.In recent times,the advancement of deep learning has provided SCAs with a powerful ally.Well-trained deep-learningmodels demonstrate an exceptional capacity to identify correlations between side-channel measurements and sensitive data,thereby significantly enhancing such attacks.To further understand the security threats posed by deep-learning SCAs and to aid in formulating robust countermeasures in the future,this paper undertakes an exhaustive investigation of leading-edge SCAs targeting Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)implementations.The study specifically focuses on attacks that exploit power consumption and electromagnetic(EM)emissions as primary leakage sources,systematically evaluating the extent to which diverse deep learning techniques enhance SCAs acrossmultiple critical dimensions.These dimensions include:(i)the characteristics of publicly available datasets derived from various hardware and software platforms;(ii)the formalization of leakage models tailored to different attack scenarios;(iii)the architectural suitability and performance of state-of-the-art deep learning models.Furthermore,the survey provides a systematic synthesis of current research findings,identifies significant unresolved issues in the existing literature and suggests promising directions for future work,including cross-device attack transferability and the impact of quantum-classical hybrid computing on side-channel security.展开更多
Side-channel attacks （SCA） may exploit leakage information to break cryptosystems. In this paper we present a new SCA resistant Elliptic Curve scalar multiplication algorithm. The proposed algorithm, builds a sequen...Side-channel attacks （SCA） may exploit leakage information to break cryptosystems. In this paper we present a new SCA resistant Elliptic Curve scalar multiplication algorithm. The proposed algorithm, builds a sequence of bit-strings representing the scalar k, characterized by the fact that all bit-strings are different from zero; this property will ensure a uniform computation behavior for the algorithm, and thus will make it secure against simple power analysis attacks （SPA）. With other randomization techniques, the proposed countermeasures do not penalize the computation time. The proposed scheme is more efficient than MOEller＇s one, its cost being about 5% to 10% smaller than MOEller＇s one.展开更多
Co-residency of virtual machines(VMs) of different tenants on the same physical platform would possibly lead to cross-VM side-channel attacks in the cloud. While most of current countermeasures fail for real or immedi...Co-residency of virtual machines(VMs) of different tenants on the same physical platform would possibly lead to cross-VM side-channel attacks in the cloud. While most of current countermeasures fail for real or immediate deployment due to their requirement for modification of virtualization structure, we adopt dynamic migration, an inherent mechanism of the cloud platform, as a general defense against this kind of threats. To this end, we first set up a unified practical information leakage model which shows the factors affecting side channels and describes the way they influence the damage due to side-channel attacks. Since migration is adopted to limit the time duration of co-residency, we envision this defense as an optimization problem by setting up an Integer Linear Programming(ILP) to calculate optimal migration strategy, which is intractable due to high computational complexity. Therefore, we approximate the ILP with a baseline genetic algorithm, which is further improved for its optimality and scalability. Experimental results show that our migration-based defense can not only provide excellent security guarantees and affordable performance cost in both theoretical simulation and practical cloud environment, but also achieve better optimality and scalability than previous countermeasures.展开更多
This paper presents a computationally efficient real-time trajectory planning framework for typical unmanned combat aerial vehicle （UCAV） performing autonomous air-to-surface （A/S） attack. It combines the benefits...This paper presents a computationally efficient real-time trajectory planning framework for typical unmanned combat aerial vehicle （UCAV） performing autonomous air-to-surface （A/S） attack. It combines the benefits of inverse dynamics optimization method and receding horizon optimal control technique. Firstly, the ground attack trajectory planning problem is mathematically formulated as a receding horizon optimal control problem （RHC-OCP）. In particular, an approximate elliptic launch acceptable region （LAR） model is proposed to model the critical weapon delivery constraints. Secondly, a planning algorithm based on inverse dynamics optimization, which has high computational efficiency and good convergence properties, is developed to solve the RHCOCP in real-time. Thirdly, in order to improve robustness and adaptivity in a dynamic and uncer- tain environment, a two-degree-of-freedom （2-DOF） receding horizon control architecture is introduced and a regular real-time update strategy is proposed as well, and the real-time feedback can be achieved and the not-converged situations can be handled. Finally, numerical simulations demon- strate the efficiency of this framework, and the results also show that the presented technique is well suited for real-time implementation in dynamic and uncertain environment.展开更多
Recently,several PC oracle based side-channel attacks have been proposed against Kyber.However,most of them focus on unprotected implementations and masking is considered as a counter-measure.In this study,we extend P...Recently,several PC oracle based side-channel attacks have been proposed against Kyber.However,most of them focus on unprotected implementations and masking is considered as a counter-measure.In this study,we extend PC oracle based side-channel attacks to the second-order scenario and successfully conduct key-recovery attacks on the first-order masked Kyber.Firstly,we analyze the potential joint information leakage.Inspired by the binary PC oracle based attack proposed by Qin et al.at Asiacrypt 2021,we identify the 1-bit leakage scenario in the masked Keccak implementation.Moreover,we modify the ciphertexts construction described by Tanaka et al.at CHES 2023,extending the leakage scenario from 1-bit to 32-bit.With the assistance of TVLA,we validate these leakages through experiments.Secondly,for these two scenarios,we construct a binary PC oracle based on t-test and a multiple-valued PC oracle based on neural networks.Furthermore,we conduct practical side-channel attacks on masked Kyber by utilizing our oracles,with the implementation running on an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller.The demonstrated attacks require a minimum of 15788 and 648 traces to fully recover the key of Kyber768 in the 1-bit leakage scenario and the 32-bit leakage scenario,respectively.Our analysis may also be extended to attack other post-quantum schemes that use the same masked hash function.Finally,we apply the shuffling strategy to the first-order masked imple-mentation of the Kyber and perform leakage tests.Experimental results show that the combination strategy of shuffling and masking can effectively resist our proposed attacks.展开更多
Underground mine fire always exists since the mining activity was practiced.It poses a severe safety hazard to the mine workers and may also cause a tremendous economic loss to the mines.Methods for controlling and ex...Underground mine fire always exists since the mining activity was practiced.It poses a severe safety hazard to the mine workers and may also cause a tremendous economic loss to the mines.Methods for controlling and extinguishing fires in underground mine have long been studied and there have been significant improvements.In order to know clearly about the firefighting technology used,this paper summarizes most of the underground mine firefighting methods used in the United States the past 150 years.This paper describes not only the accepted firefighting theories,but also the technologies,both direct and indirect attacking,in accordance to regulations or codes,with special attention is given to the indirect attack method and its related technologies.Further research needed is also briefly discussed at the end of this paper.展开更多
This paper provides a calculating method which can be used in calculation of the kill probability attack area for every AAM. At first, attack area of AAM and kill probability of every characteristic point are obtained...This paper provides a calculating method which can be used in calculation of the kill probability attack area for every AAM. At first, attack area of AAM and kill probability of every characteristic point are obtained by combining trajectory calculation with kill probability calculation. Then, coordinates of a fire point relative to standard kill probability value in terms of standardization method are found. At last, equivalent kill probability curve equations are formulated by means of curve fitting method.展开更多
A side-channel attack(SCA)-resistant AES S-box implementation is proposed,which is an improvement from the power-aware hiding(PAH)S-box but with higher security and a smaller area.We use the composite field approach a...A side-channel attack(SCA)-resistant AES S-box implementation is proposed,which is an improvement from the power-aware hiding(PAH)S-box but with higher security and a smaller area.We use the composite field approach and apply the PAH method to the inversion in the nonlinear kernel and a masking method to the other parts.In addition,a delaymatched enable control technique is used to suppress glitches in the masked parts.The evaluation results show that its area is contracted to 63.3%of the full PAH S-box,and its power-delay product is much lower than that of the masking implementation.The leakage assessment using simulation power traces concludes that it has no detectable leakage under t-test and that it at least can thwart the moment-correlation analysis using 665000 noiseless traces.展开更多
To improve the attack detection capability of content centric network(CCN),we propose a detection method of interest flooding attack(IFA)making use of the feature of self-similarity of traffic and the information entr...To improve the attack detection capability of content centric network(CCN),we propose a detection method of interest flooding attack(IFA)making use of the feature of self-similarity of traffic and the information entropy of content name of interest packet.On the one hand,taking advantage of the characteristics of self-similarity is very sensitive to traffic changes,calculating the Hurst index of the traffic,to identify initial IFA attacks.On the other hand,according to the randomness of user requests,calculating the information entropy of content name of the interest packets,to detect the severity of the IFA attack,is.Finally,based on the above two aspects,we use the bilateral detection method based on non-parametric CUSUM algorithm to judge the possible attack behavior in CCN.The experimental results show that flooding attack detection method proposed for CCN can not only detect the attack behavior at the early stage of attack in CCN,but also is more accurate and effective than other methods.展开更多
Side-channel attacks based on supervised learning require that the attacker have complete control over the cryptographic device and obtain a large number of labeled power traces.However,in real life,this requirement i...Side-channel attacks based on supervised learning require that the attacker have complete control over the cryptographic device and obtain a large number of labeled power traces.However,in real life,this requirement is usually not met.In this paper,an attack algorithm based on collaborative learning is proposed.The algorithm only needs to use a small number of labeled power traces to cooperate with the unlabeled power trace to realize the attack to cryptographic device.By experimenting with the DPA contest V4 dataset,the results show that the algorithm can improve the accuracy by about 20%compared with the pure supervised learning in the case of using only 10 labeled power traces.展开更多
Cloud computing(CC)is an advanced technology that provides access to predictive resources and data sharing.The cloud environment represents the right type regarding cloud usage model ownership,size,and rights to acces...Cloud computing(CC)is an advanced technology that provides access to predictive resources and data sharing.The cloud environment represents the right type regarding cloud usage model ownership,size,and rights to access.It introduces the scope and nature of cloud computing.In recent times,all processes are fed into the system for which consumer data and cache size are required.One of the most security issues in the cloud environment is Distributed Denial of Ser-vice(DDoS)attacks,responsible for cloud server overloading.This proposed sys-tem ID3(Iterative Dichotomiser 3)Maximum Multifactor Dimensionality Posteriori Method(ID3-MMDP)is used to overcome the drawback and a rela-tively simple way to execute and for the detection of(DDoS)attack.First,the pro-posed ID3-MMDP method calls for the resources of the cloud platform and then implements the attack detection technology based on information entropy to detect DDoS attacks.Since because the entropy value can show the discrete or aggregated characteristics of the current data set,it can be used for the detection of abnormal dataflow,User-uploaded data,ID3-MMDP system checks and read risk measurement and processing,bug ratingfile size changes,orfile name changes and changes in the format design of the data size entropy value.Unique properties can be used whenever the program approaches any data error to detect abnormal data services.Finally,the experiment also verifies the DDoS attack detection capability algorithm.展开更多
Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remai...Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remains a critical challenge,as existing methods often rely on algorithm-specific details or prior knowledge of plaintexts and intermediate values.This paper proposes the Fault Probability Model based on Hamming Weight(FPHW)to address this.This novel statistical framework quantifies fault attacks by solely analyzing the statistical response of the target device,eliminating the need for attack algorithm details or implementation specifics.Building on this model,a Fault Injection Attack method based on Mutual Information(FPMIA)is introduced,which recovers keys by leveraging the mutual information between measured fault probability traces and simulated leakage derived from Hamming weight,reducing data requirements by at least 44%compared to the existing Mutual Information Analysis method while achieving a high correlation coefficient of 0.9403 between measured and modeled fault probabilities.Experimental validation on an AES-128 implementation via a Microcontroller Unit demonstrates that FPHW accurately captures the data dependence of fault probability and FPMIA achieves efficient key recovery with robust noise tolerance,establishing a unified and efficient framework that surpasses traditional methods in terms of generality,data efficiency,and practical applicability.展开更多
To address the deficiency in loss diagnostic methods for turbines working at off-design angles of attack,a novel loss decomposition method suitable for cascade flow with large separation is proposed.The method propose...To address the deficiency in loss diagnostic methods for turbines working at off-design angles of attack,a novel loss decomposition method suitable for cascade flow with large separation is proposed.The method proposed has the following advantages over existing methods:(A)It enables refined loss decomposition for cascade flows,capable of identifying the spatial range of specific regions such as shear layers and backflow regions,thereby obtaining the loss characteristics of these regions.(B)The region identification criteria in this method have clear physical meanings,rather than relying on arbitrary area division.(C)The method has good applicability and is suitable for cascade flows under various angles of attack.Validation shows that this method achieves satisfactory results.Based on this method,the loss mechanisms of a low-pressure turbine cascade at a low Reynolds number of 4.3×10^(4)and angles of attack of-5°,-20°,and-45°are investigated using Large Eddy Simulations(LESs).Entropy analysis quantitatively demonstrates significant differences in the composition of losses among flow regions,due to their different flow characteristics.From the perspective of flow regions,wake loss dominates total loss,while loss in backflow region is negligible.Furthermore,the variation mechanisms of loss with incidence differ among different flow regions.展开更多
开式转子发动机具备高效率、高燃油经济性的优点,然而开式转子叶片巨大的噪声辐射是亟待解决的问题。基于非定常涡格法、涡粒子法和Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings方程,发展了不依赖于空间体网格的开式转子气动-噪声高效预测方法,引入三...开式转子发动机具备高效率、高燃油经济性的优点,然而开式转子叶片巨大的噪声辐射是亟待解决的问题。基于非定常涡格法、涡粒子法和Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings方程,发展了不依赖于空间体网格的开式转子气动-噪声高效预测方法,引入三维普朗特-葛劳渥法则,进行可压缩性修正。针对NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)SR-7A单排开式转子的起飞工况进行了验证计算,气动结果与NASA试验值和商业软件计算值的误差均小于1%,主要单音噪声与总声压级指向性结果预测误差可低至1 dB以内。在同等研究对象和硬件条件下,本文方法计算所需CPU核时低于通用URANS(Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes)计算所需的1%。考虑起飞迎角下的周向不均匀来流畸变,系统研究了SR-7A单排转子在0°~20°来流迎角下的气动参数和噪声特性。结果表明,随着来流迎角的增大,转子的时均推力、功率、效率呈现指数增长趋势,转子桨盘内载荷时均值呈现线性增长趋势。转子各项载荷的非定常波动幅值随着迎角的增大而增加。单个叶片的载荷波动峰谷值与运动相位相比存在17°~56°的相位滞后现象,这与噪声周向指向性结果中的偏转非常相关。在0°~20°迎角内,转子上方总声压级从107 dB降低至99 dB,转子下方位置总声压级从107 dB升高至114 dB。此外,来流迎角与桨盘的相互作用会额外导致最高达73 dB的轴频率单音噪声。针对单排转子的噪声源项解耦分析表明,来流迎角对非定常载荷噪声的增益作用非常显著。本文开发的方法可以用较低成本得到开式转子的非定常气动及噪声特性,并且具备多角度的噪声源解耦能力,为未来低噪声开式转子设计提供了有力工具。展开更多
基金The Key R&D Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2025AQ2024)of the Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province.Distinguished Young Scientists Fund(Grant No.24B0446)of Hunan Education Department.
文摘Internet of Things(IoTs)devices are bringing about a revolutionary change our society by enabling connectivity regardless of time and location.However,The extensive deployment of these devices also makes them attractive victims for themalicious actions of adversaries.Within the spectrumof existing threats,Side-ChannelAttacks(SCAs)have established themselves as an effective way to compromise cryptographic implementations.These attacks exploit unintended,unintended physical leakage that occurs during the cryptographic execution of devices,bypassing the theoretical strength of the crypto design.In recent times,the advancement of deep learning has provided SCAs with a powerful ally.Well-trained deep-learningmodels demonstrate an exceptional capacity to identify correlations between side-channel measurements and sensitive data,thereby significantly enhancing such attacks.To further understand the security threats posed by deep-learning SCAs and to aid in formulating robust countermeasures in the future,this paper undertakes an exhaustive investigation of leading-edge SCAs targeting Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)implementations.The study specifically focuses on attacks that exploit power consumption and electromagnetic(EM)emissions as primary leakage sources,systematically evaluating the extent to which diverse deep learning techniques enhance SCAs acrossmultiple critical dimensions.These dimensions include:(i)the characteristics of publicly available datasets derived from various hardware and software platforms;(ii)the formalization of leakage models tailored to different attack scenarios;(iii)the architectural suitability and performance of state-of-the-art deep learning models.Furthermore,the survey provides a systematic synthesis of current research findings,identifies significant unresolved issues in the existing literature and suggests promising directions for future work,including cross-device attack transferability and the impact of quantum-classical hybrid computing on side-channel security.
基金Supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (60473029)
文摘Side-channel attacks （SCA） may exploit leakage information to break cryptosystems. In this paper we present a new SCA resistant Elliptic Curve scalar multiplication algorithm. The proposed algorithm, builds a sequence of bit-strings representing the scalar k, characterized by the fact that all bit-strings are different from zero; this property will ensure a uniform computation behavior for the algorithm, and thus will make it secure against simple power analysis attacks （SPA）. With other randomization techniques, the proposed countermeasures do not penalize the computation time. The proposed scheme is more efficient than MOEller＇s one, its cost being about 5% to 10% smaller than MOEller＇s one.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0804004)the Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61602509)+1 种基金the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61521003)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Henan Province of China (172102210615)
文摘Co-residency of virtual machines(VMs) of different tenants on the same physical platform would possibly lead to cross-VM side-channel attacks in the cloud. While most of current countermeasures fail for real or immediate deployment due to their requirement for modification of virtualization structure, we adopt dynamic migration, an inherent mechanism of the cloud platform, as a general defense against this kind of threats. To this end, we first set up a unified practical information leakage model which shows the factors affecting side channels and describes the way they influence the damage due to side-channel attacks. Since migration is adopted to limit the time duration of co-residency, we envision this defense as an optimization problem by setting up an Integer Linear Programming(ILP) to calculate optimal migration strategy, which is intractable due to high computational complexity. Therefore, we approximate the ILP with a baseline genetic algorithm, which is further improved for its optimality and scalability. Experimental results show that our migration-based defense can not only provide excellent security guarantees and affordable performance cost in both theoretical simulation and practical cloud environment, but also achieve better optimality and scalability than previous countermeasures.
基金supported by the National Defense Foundation of China(No.403060103)
文摘This paper presents a computationally efficient real-time trajectory planning framework for typical unmanned combat aerial vehicle （UCAV） performing autonomous air-to-surface （A/S） attack. It combines the benefits of inverse dynamics optimization method and receding horizon optimal control technique. Firstly, the ground attack trajectory planning problem is mathematically formulated as a receding horizon optimal control problem （RHC-OCP）. In particular, an approximate elliptic launch acceptable region （LAR） model is proposed to model the critical weapon delivery constraints. Secondly, a planning algorithm based on inverse dynamics optimization, which has high computational efficiency and good convergence properties, is developed to solve the RHCOCP in real-time. Thirdly, in order to improve robustness and adaptivity in a dynamic and uncer- tain environment, a two-degree-of-freedom （2-DOF） receding horizon control architecture is introduced and a regular real-time update strategy is proposed as well, and the real-time feedback can be achieved and the not-converged situations can be handled. Finally, numerical simulations demon- strate the efficiency of this framework, and the results also show that the presented technique is well suited for real-time implementation in dynamic and uncertain environment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62472397)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302902)。
文摘Recently,several PC oracle based side-channel attacks have been proposed against Kyber.However,most of them focus on unprotected implementations and masking is considered as a counter-measure.In this study,we extend PC oracle based side-channel attacks to the second-order scenario and successfully conduct key-recovery attacks on the first-order masked Kyber.Firstly,we analyze the potential joint information leakage.Inspired by the binary PC oracle based attack proposed by Qin et al.at Asiacrypt 2021,we identify the 1-bit leakage scenario in the masked Keccak implementation.Moreover,we modify the ciphertexts construction described by Tanaka et al.at CHES 2023,extending the leakage scenario from 1-bit to 32-bit.With the assistance of TVLA,we validate these leakages through experiments.Secondly,for these two scenarios,we construct a binary PC oracle based on t-test and a multiple-valued PC oracle based on neural networks.Furthermore,we conduct practical side-channel attacks on masked Kyber by utilizing our oracles,with the implementation running on an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller.The demonstrated attacks require a minimum of 15788 and 648 traces to fully recover the key of Kyber768 in the 1-bit leakage scenario and the 32-bit leakage scenario,respectively.Our analysis may also be extended to attack other post-quantum schemes that use the same masked hash function.Finally,we apply the shuffling strategy to the first-order masked imple-mentation of the Kyber and perform leakage tests.Experimental results show that the combination strategy of shuffling and masking can effectively resist our proposed attacks.
文摘Underground mine fire always exists since the mining activity was practiced.It poses a severe safety hazard to the mine workers and may also cause a tremendous economic loss to the mines.Methods for controlling and extinguishing fires in underground mine have long been studied and there have been significant improvements.In order to know clearly about the firefighting technology used,this paper summarizes most of the underground mine firefighting methods used in the United States the past 150 years.This paper describes not only the accepted firefighting theories,but also the technologies,both direct and indirect attacking,in accordance to regulations or codes,with special attention is given to the indirect attack method and its related technologies.Further research needed is also briefly discussed at the end of this paper.
文摘This paper provides a calculating method which can be used in calculation of the kill probability attack area for every AAM. At first, attack area of AAM and kill probability of every characteristic point are obtained by combining trajectory calculation with kill probability calculation. Then, coordinates of a fire point relative to standard kill probability value in terms of standardization method are found. At last, equivalent kill probability curve equations are formulated by means of curve fitting method.
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2017ZX01030301).
文摘A side-channel attack(SCA)-resistant AES S-box implementation is proposed,which is an improvement from the power-aware hiding(PAH)S-box but with higher security and a smaller area.We use the composite field approach and apply the PAH method to the inversion in the nonlinear kernel and a masking method to the other parts.In addition,a delaymatched enable control technique is used to suppress glitches in the masked parts.The evaluation results show that its area is contracted to 63.3%of the full PAH S-box,and its power-delay product is much lower than that of the masking implementation.The leakage assessment using simulation power traces concludes that it has no detectable leakage under t-test and that it at least can thwart the moment-correlation analysis using 665000 noiseless traces.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.61672101the Beijing Key Laboratory of Internet Culture and Digital Dissemination Research(ICDDXN004)Key Lab of Information Network Security,Ministry of Public Security,No.C18601.
文摘To improve the attack detection capability of content centric network(CCN),we propose a detection method of interest flooding attack(IFA)making use of the feature of self-similarity of traffic and the information entropy of content name of interest packet.On the one hand,taking advantage of the characteristics of self-similarity is very sensitive to traffic changes,calculating the Hurst index of the traffic,to identify initial IFA attacks.On the other hand,according to the randomness of user requests,calculating the information entropy of content name of the interest packets,to detect the severity of the IFA attack,is.Finally,based on the above two aspects,we use the bilateral detection method based on non-parametric CUSUM algorithm to judge the possible attack behavior in CCN.The experimental results show that flooding attack detection method proposed for CCN can not only detect the attack behavior at the early stage of attack in CCN,but also is more accurate and effective than other methods.
文摘Side-channel attacks based on supervised learning require that the attacker have complete control over the cryptographic device and obtain a large number of labeled power traces.However,in real life,this requirement is usually not met.In this paper,an attack algorithm based on collaborative learning is proposed.The algorithm only needs to use a small number of labeled power traces to cooperate with the unlabeled power trace to realize the attack to cryptographic device.By experimenting with the DPA contest V4 dataset,the results show that the algorithm can improve the accuracy by about 20%compared with the pure supervised learning in the case of using only 10 labeled power traces.
文摘Cloud computing(CC)is an advanced technology that provides access to predictive resources and data sharing.The cloud environment represents the right type regarding cloud usage model ownership,size,and rights to access.It introduces the scope and nature of cloud computing.In recent times,all processes are fed into the system for which consumer data and cache size are required.One of the most security issues in the cloud environment is Distributed Denial of Ser-vice(DDoS)attacks,responsible for cloud server overloading.This proposed sys-tem ID3(Iterative Dichotomiser 3)Maximum Multifactor Dimensionality Posteriori Method(ID3-MMDP)is used to overcome the drawback and a rela-tively simple way to execute and for the detection of(DDoS)attack.First,the pro-posed ID3-MMDP method calls for the resources of the cloud platform and then implements the attack detection technology based on information entropy to detect DDoS attacks.Since because the entropy value can show the discrete or aggregated characteristics of the current data set,it can be used for the detection of abnormal dataflow,User-uploaded data,ID3-MMDP system checks and read risk measurement and processing,bug ratingfile size changes,orfile name changes and changes in the format design of the data size entropy value.Unique properties can be used whenever the program approaches any data error to detect abnormal data services.Finally,the experiment also verifies the DDoS attack detection capability algorithm.
文摘Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remains a critical challenge,as existing methods often rely on algorithm-specific details or prior knowledge of plaintexts and intermediate values.This paper proposes the Fault Probability Model based on Hamming Weight(FPHW)to address this.This novel statistical framework quantifies fault attacks by solely analyzing the statistical response of the target device,eliminating the need for attack algorithm details or implementation specifics.Building on this model,a Fault Injection Attack method based on Mutual Information(FPMIA)is introduced,which recovers keys by leveraging the mutual information between measured fault probability traces and simulated leakage derived from Hamming weight,reducing data requirements by at least 44%compared to the existing Mutual Information Analysis method while achieving a high correlation coefficient of 0.9403 between measured and modeled fault probabilities.Experimental validation on an AES-128 implementation via a Microcontroller Unit demonstrates that FPHW accurately captures the data dependence of fault probability and FPMIA achieves efficient key recovery with robust noise tolerance,establishing a unified and efficient framework that surpasses traditional methods in terms of generality,data efficiency,and practical applicability.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52176033)the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.J2019-II-0012-0032)the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project,China(No.P2022-B-II-009-001)。
文摘To address the deficiency in loss diagnostic methods for turbines working at off-design angles of attack,a novel loss decomposition method suitable for cascade flow with large separation is proposed.The method proposed has the following advantages over existing methods:(A)It enables refined loss decomposition for cascade flows,capable of identifying the spatial range of specific regions such as shear layers and backflow regions,thereby obtaining the loss characteristics of these regions.(B)The region identification criteria in this method have clear physical meanings,rather than relying on arbitrary area division.(C)The method has good applicability and is suitable for cascade flows under various angles of attack.Validation shows that this method achieves satisfactory results.Based on this method,the loss mechanisms of a low-pressure turbine cascade at a low Reynolds number of 4.3×10^(4)and angles of attack of-5°,-20°,and-45°are investigated using Large Eddy Simulations(LESs).Entropy analysis quantitatively demonstrates significant differences in the composition of losses among flow regions,due to their different flow characteristics.From the perspective of flow regions,wake loss dominates total loss,while loss in backflow region is negligible.Furthermore,the variation mechanisms of loss with incidence differ among different flow regions.
文摘开式转子发动机具备高效率、高燃油经济性的优点,然而开式转子叶片巨大的噪声辐射是亟待解决的问题。基于非定常涡格法、涡粒子法和Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings方程,发展了不依赖于空间体网格的开式转子气动-噪声高效预测方法,引入三维普朗特-葛劳渥法则,进行可压缩性修正。针对NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)SR-7A单排开式转子的起飞工况进行了验证计算,气动结果与NASA试验值和商业软件计算值的误差均小于1%,主要单音噪声与总声压级指向性结果预测误差可低至1 dB以内。在同等研究对象和硬件条件下,本文方法计算所需CPU核时低于通用URANS(Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes)计算所需的1%。考虑起飞迎角下的周向不均匀来流畸变,系统研究了SR-7A单排转子在0°~20°来流迎角下的气动参数和噪声特性。结果表明,随着来流迎角的增大,转子的时均推力、功率、效率呈现指数增长趋势,转子桨盘内载荷时均值呈现线性增长趋势。转子各项载荷的非定常波动幅值随着迎角的增大而增加。单个叶片的载荷波动峰谷值与运动相位相比存在17°~56°的相位滞后现象,这与噪声周向指向性结果中的偏转非常相关。在0°~20°迎角内,转子上方总声压级从107 dB降低至99 dB,转子下方位置总声压级从107 dB升高至114 dB。此外,来流迎角与桨盘的相互作用会额外导致最高达73 dB的轴频率单音噪声。针对单排转子的噪声源项解耦分析表明,来流迎角对非定常载荷噪声的增益作用非常显著。本文开发的方法可以用较低成本得到开式转子的非定常气动及噪声特性,并且具备多角度的噪声源解耦能力,为未来低噪声开式转子设计提供了有力工具。
