Shape grammar has been used by many researchers to identify and/or define languages in architectural design. This paper presents a methodology developed using shape grammar to analyze the informal city, specifically F...Shape grammar has been used by many researchers to identify and/or define languages in architectural design. This paper presents a methodology developed using shape grammar to analyze the informal city, specifically Favela da Rocinha’s buildings, in Rio de Janeiro. The goal was finding the organizational foundations of self-built houses in an informal settlement. A methodology was developed to find composition patterns and to infer a set of rules which defines a shape grammar of Rocinha houses, allowing synthesis and analysis of low cost solutions for house designs. And above all, it highlights underlying design solutions produced empirically by inhabitants of favelas, emphasizing the diversity in favela’s architecture, and, that is also able to reflect the particular necessities of targeted population.展开更多
Informal urban development is seldomly covered in academic studies or professional architectural training. This article sets forth the first stage of a novel study that observes the informal city using the methodology...Informal urban development is seldomly covered in academic studies or professional architectural training. This article sets forth the first stage of a novel study that observes the informal city using the methodology of analysis of architecture called shape grammars. The idea is to recognize peculiarities in the occupation of the land and the volumetric features of the buildings. Rocinha favela, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study with the primary aim of extrapolating a set of rules for its morphological features so that these rules can be used to generate new shapes, whilst bearing in mind the issues of adaptation and transformation which are so characteristic of informal settlements. There is some expectation that this study may help improve the housing and public space in the favela and enable new housing programs to observe the way the buildings and different architectural elements combined, forming a new channel of interchange with the spatial organization of the favela.展开更多
In order to expand the development of the Shouzhou kiln porcelain market and meet the diverse needs of the crowd,a deduction model for the shape design of Shouzhou kiln porcelain under the effect of shape grammar and ...In order to expand the development of the Shouzhou kiln porcelain market and meet the diverse needs of the crowd,a deduction model for the shape design of Shouzhou kiln porcelain under the effect of shape grammar and genetic constraints was constructed.Based on the shape classification of the original samples of Shouzhou kiln porcelain,the characteristic genes of Shouzhou kiln porcelain were analyzed,and genetic constraints were determined.By extracting the shape characteristics of the porcelain and combining the questionnaires,the initial shape was screened and brought into the shape grammar deduction rule library.Under the dual effect of genetic constraints and deduction rules,the preliminary plans were generated.Finally,the preliminary plans were further screened and optimized by the fuzzy evaluation method to obtain the best plan.The shape grammar and product gene constraints were applied to the shape design of Shouzhou kiln porcelain.While inheriting and expanding the shape of Shouzhou kiln porcelain,it verified the effectiveness of the theory in design and application,and helps to improve the continuous innovation of designers and enterprises.展开更多
Favelas and other types of informal settlements are important urban issues in several regions around the world,especially in developing countries.They are the housing solution found by populations with no access to fo...Favelas and other types of informal settlements are important urban issues in several regions around the world,especially in developing countries.They are the housing solution found by populations with no access to formal real estate market,who still suffer with the precariousness of both buildings and urban infrastructure.This paper presents a brief overview on governmental policies for favelas in the city of Rio de Janeiro along the 20th century,until the present moment,to observe hits and misses and present a morphological study about Rocinha,the biggest favela in Brazil.This work is based on the principles of Shape Grammar and demonstrates patterns of composition,organized in sets of rules that allow producing new designs.The intention is to create a proposal for an objective reading of typical favela spaces,to determine standards and rules that may contribute to architectural and urban designs that are more adequate to the populations they are designed for.展开更多
Shape grammars are well-known tools to explore abstract systems of shapes and their relationships. Although there has been much research on the use of shape grammars in the field of architectural styles, there has bee...Shape grammars are well-known tools to explore abstract systems of shapes and their relationships. Although there has been much research on the use of shape grammars in the field of architectural styles, there has been little investigation into the concept of circulation using shape grammars. Circulation is a tool used in architecture and interior design and is formed by connecting the points left by the movement of human beings through indoor or outdoor spaces. This study shows that shape grammars are also helpful in this particular field by presenting how a parametric shape grammar is applied to generate circulation designs, and the system automatically generates four basic types of complex circulations. According to the specific conditions and requirements of each commercial space, different forms of circulation can be specified and generated.展开更多
The significant challenges that urban design faces when moving forward into this new digital era involve the increasingly massive and complex projects that must be analyzed and developed.The need for efficient analysi...The significant challenges that urban design faces when moving forward into this new digital era involve the increasingly massive and complex projects that must be analyzed and developed.The need for efficient analysis tools and rational design methods represent ongoing concerns,while practicable and maneuverable applications rather than experimental studies are scarce.This research implemented a framework of digital description and generative grammar of block form from the perspective of block morphological complexity.The implemented framework was tested in an urban design practice.First,this study adapted the hierarchical structure and access structure theory to analyze the spatial form of target blocks.The characteristics of blocks case samples in Nanjing are extracted as text descriptions.Second,the relevant composition patterns and parameters were employed as features for classificati on and were converted into procedural rules.With the top-down control by rules and bottom-up generation by shape grammar in CityEngine,the texture of the block can be generated as close to the actual block as possible.Furthermore,in a real urban design case located in Nanjing,this work applies the method to construct a three-dimensional scene quickly and accurately.After integrating design factors such as an environment,transportation,and vision and summarizing the intentions of blocks and buildings in corresponding functions and control indexes,the initial generation plan was built by applying the obtained characteristics and procedural rules in specific shape grammar.Finally,designers can adjust the result in detail by employing real-time calculation and interactive operation.展开更多
The field of shape grammars spans 47 years,but its potential in the practice and education of art,architecture,and engineering remains far from being utilized.Similarly,while reverse engineering in some engineering di...The field of shape grammars spans 47 years,but its potential in the practice and education of art,architecture,and engineering remains far from being utilized.Similarly,while reverse engineering in some engineering disciplines is well-established,its implementation in architectural design remains under-represented.By combining the two domains,this paper develops a novel method that merges the power of shape grammars as a parsing tool in reverse engineering to decode the morphogenesis of visual compositions in architectural design.The merged power is demonstrated by decoding the formal language of a faqade design of a case study,in which seemingly few simple rules can derive surprisingly complex compositions.The rules of the language can then be used to reconstruct parts of the case facade.Most shape grammars in the architectural literature are applied on formal historical precedents,but the subject of morphological analysis in this paper is contemporary and has a style that exhibits non-orthogonal configurations,which initially appear far from being standardized or subjected to regulatory tectonic rules.The faqade derivation grammar is explained and resynthesized in various computations to explore emergent articulations that display its predictive,synthetic,and generative powers in addition to typical analytic ones.展开更多
为平衡坦克炮塔在工程性能与造型美学间的矛盾,提出一种基于参数化形状文法的炮塔造型感性设计方法。从物质与精神维度提取感性意象词,构建造型语义约束,用于评价坦克样本;结合逼近理想解排序(Technique for Order Preference by Simila...为平衡坦克炮塔在工程性能与造型美学间的矛盾,提出一种基于参数化形状文法的炮塔造型感性设计方法。从物质与精神维度提取感性意象词,构建造型语义约束,用于评价坦克样本;结合逼近理想解排序(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)方法筛选代表性样本并构建炮塔造型元素的形态图表,运用形状文法推演综合评价最优的炮塔造型元素并构建元素矩阵;建立参数化形状文法规则库,基于规则推演生成多样化造型方案,借助AI工具生成由同一优先级炮塔造型元素组合的备选方案效果图。通过模糊层次分析(Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process,FAHP)法、感性问卷与工程约束进行多目标综合评价,筛选出最佳造型,验证了在协同几何约束与美学语义方面的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法能有效生成兼具工程可行性与感性意象的炮塔造型,为陆战装备的造型设计提供了系统化、可量化的技术路径。展开更多
文摘Shape grammar has been used by many researchers to identify and/or define languages in architectural design. This paper presents a methodology developed using shape grammar to analyze the informal city, specifically Favela da Rocinha’s buildings, in Rio de Janeiro. The goal was finding the organizational foundations of self-built houses in an informal settlement. A methodology was developed to find composition patterns and to infer a set of rules which defines a shape grammar of Rocinha houses, allowing synthesis and analysis of low cost solutions for house designs. And above all, it highlights underlying design solutions produced empirically by inhabitants of favelas, emphasizing the diversity in favela’s architecture, and, that is also able to reflect the particular necessities of targeted population.
文摘Informal urban development is seldomly covered in academic studies or professional architectural training. This article sets forth the first stage of a novel study that observes the informal city using the methodology of analysis of architecture called shape grammars. The idea is to recognize peculiarities in the occupation of the land and the volumetric features of the buildings. Rocinha favela, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study with the primary aim of extrapolating a set of rules for its morphological features so that these rules can be used to generate new shapes, whilst bearing in mind the issues of adaptation and transformation which are so characteristic of informal settlements. There is some expectation that this study may help improve the housing and public space in the favela and enable new housing programs to observe the way the buildings and different architectural elements combined, forming a new channel of interchange with the spatial organization of the favela.
文摘In order to expand the development of the Shouzhou kiln porcelain market and meet the diverse needs of the crowd,a deduction model for the shape design of Shouzhou kiln porcelain under the effect of shape grammar and genetic constraints was constructed.Based on the shape classification of the original samples of Shouzhou kiln porcelain,the characteristic genes of Shouzhou kiln porcelain were analyzed,and genetic constraints were determined.By extracting the shape characteristics of the porcelain and combining the questionnaires,the initial shape was screened and brought into the shape grammar deduction rule library.Under the dual effect of genetic constraints and deduction rules,the preliminary plans were generated.Finally,the preliminary plans were further screened and optimized by the fuzzy evaluation method to obtain the best plan.The shape grammar and product gene constraints were applied to the shape design of Shouzhou kiln porcelain.While inheriting and expanding the shape of Shouzhou kiln porcelain,it verified the effectiveness of the theory in design and application,and helps to improve the continuous innovation of designers and enterprises.
文摘Favelas and other types of informal settlements are important urban issues in several regions around the world,especially in developing countries.They are the housing solution found by populations with no access to formal real estate market,who still suffer with the precariousness of both buildings and urban infrastructure.This paper presents a brief overview on governmental policies for favelas in the city of Rio de Janeiro along the 20th century,until the present moment,to observe hits and misses and present a morphological study about Rocinha,the biggest favela in Brazil.This work is based on the principles of Shape Grammar and demonstrates patterns of composition,organized in sets of rules that allow producing new designs.The intention is to create a proposal for an objective reading of typical favela spaces,to determine standards and rules that may contribute to architectural and urban designs that are more adequate to the populations they are designed for.
文摘Shape grammars are well-known tools to explore abstract systems of shapes and their relationships. Although there has been much research on the use of shape grammars in the field of architectural styles, there has been little investigation into the concept of circulation using shape grammars. Circulation is a tool used in architecture and interior design and is formed by connecting the points left by the movement of human beings through indoor or outdoor spaces. This study shows that shape grammars are also helpful in this particular field by presenting how a parametric shape grammar is applied to generate circulation designs, and the system automatically generates four basic types of complex circulations. According to the specific conditions and requirements of each commercial space, different forms of circulation can be specified and generated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51778118。
文摘The significant challenges that urban design faces when moving forward into this new digital era involve the increasingly massive and complex projects that must be analyzed and developed.The need for efficient analysis tools and rational design methods represent ongoing concerns,while practicable and maneuverable applications rather than experimental studies are scarce.This research implemented a framework of digital description and generative grammar of block form from the perspective of block morphological complexity.The implemented framework was tested in an urban design practice.First,this study adapted the hierarchical structure and access structure theory to analyze the spatial form of target blocks.The characteristics of blocks case samples in Nanjing are extracted as text descriptions.Second,the relevant composition patterns and parameters were employed as features for classificati on and were converted into procedural rules.With the top-down control by rules and bottom-up generation by shape grammar in CityEngine,the texture of the block can be generated as close to the actual block as possible.Furthermore,in a real urban design case located in Nanjing,this work applies the method to construct a three-dimensional scene quickly and accurately.After integrating design factors such as an environment,transportation,and vision and summarizing the intentions of blocks and buildings in corresponding functions and control indexes,the initial generation plan was built by applying the obtained characteristics and procedural rules in specific shape grammar.Finally,designers can adjust the result in detail by employing real-time calculation and interactive operation.
文摘The field of shape grammars spans 47 years,but its potential in the practice and education of art,architecture,and engineering remains far from being utilized.Similarly,while reverse engineering in some engineering disciplines is well-established,its implementation in architectural design remains under-represented.By combining the two domains,this paper develops a novel method that merges the power of shape grammars as a parsing tool in reverse engineering to decode the morphogenesis of visual compositions in architectural design.The merged power is demonstrated by decoding the formal language of a faqade design of a case study,in which seemingly few simple rules can derive surprisingly complex compositions.The rules of the language can then be used to reconstruct parts of the case facade.Most shape grammars in the architectural literature are applied on formal historical precedents,but the subject of morphological analysis in this paper is contemporary and has a style that exhibits non-orthogonal configurations,which initially appear far from being standardized or subjected to regulatory tectonic rules.The faqade derivation grammar is explained and resynthesized in various computations to explore emergent articulations that display its predictive,synthetic,and generative powers in addition to typical analytic ones.
文摘为平衡坦克炮塔在工程性能与造型美学间的矛盾,提出一种基于参数化形状文法的炮塔造型感性设计方法。从物质与精神维度提取感性意象词,构建造型语义约束,用于评价坦克样本;结合逼近理想解排序(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)方法筛选代表性样本并构建炮塔造型元素的形态图表,运用形状文法推演综合评价最优的炮塔造型元素并构建元素矩阵;建立参数化形状文法规则库,基于规则推演生成多样化造型方案,借助AI工具生成由同一优先级炮塔造型元素组合的备选方案效果图。通过模糊层次分析(Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process,FAHP)法、感性问卷与工程约束进行多目标综合评价,筛选出最佳造型,验证了在协同几何约束与美学语义方面的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法能有效生成兼具工程可行性与感性意象的炮塔造型,为陆战装备的造型设计提供了系统化、可量化的技术路径。
