During the process of rail grinding,the local high temperature generated in the grinding contact area can affect the physical properties of the rail,thereby affecting its service performance.Therefore,studying the tem...During the process of rail grinding,the local high temperature generated in the grinding contact area can affect the physical properties of the rail,thereby affecting its service performance.Therefore,studying the temperature field of rail grinding is of great significance for improving the quality of rail grinding.In this paper,a calculation model for the grinding depth and contour of the semi elliptical contact area was established based on the contact geometry relationship between the steel rail and the abrasive belt for the first time,and the influence of grinding process parameters on the parameters of the contact area was elucidated.Combined with the characteristics of steel rail abrasive belt grinding process,a calculation model for heat flux density in the semi elliptical contact area was obtained and verified.Based on the above research results,the temperature field of the moving surface heat source with continuous action in the semi elliptical contact area is solved by discretization.Research has shown that under the set grinding process parameters,the simulation and theoretical temperature changes of the rail grinding surface in the semi elliptical contact area are similar and almost reach the maximum temperature at the same time.The relative error between the simulation and theoretical maximum temperature is 6.14%.Comparative analysis of theoretical calculations and simulation of maximum temperature under different grinding speeds shows good consistency in size and trend.The correctness of the above theoretical model has been verified through existing research results.This study proposes a new method for calculating the tem-perature field in the actual semi elliptical grinding area considering the rail profile,which has important the-oretical significance for the calculation of the temperature field and stress field in the grinding area.展开更多
Let R be a ring and I an ideal of R. A ring R is called I-semi-π--regular if R/I is π-regular and idempotents of R can be strongly lifted modulo I. Characterizations of I-semi-π-regular rings are given and relation...Let R be a ring and I an ideal of R. A ring R is called I-semi-π--regular if R/I is π-regular and idempotents of R can be strongly lifted modulo I. Characterizations of I-semi-π-regular rings are given and relations between semi-π-regular rings and semiregular rings are explored.展开更多
In this paper,we prove that the generator of any bounded analytic semigroup in(θ,1)-type real interpolation of its domain and underlying Banach space has maximal L^(1)-regularity,using a duality argument combined wit...In this paper,we prove that the generator of any bounded analytic semigroup in(θ,1)-type real interpolation of its domain and underlying Banach space has maximal L^(1)-regularity,using a duality argument combined with the result of maximal continuous regularity.As an application,we consider maximal L^(1)-regularity of the Dirichlet-Laplacian and the Stokes operator in inhomogeneous B_(q),^(s),1-type Besov spaces on domains of R^(n),n≥2.展开更多
1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2...1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2 gas field,150 km off the southeast coast of Hainan Island,China.It is a semi-submersible platform(Fig.1)with a displacement of 101 thousand tonnes and an operational draft of 35 to 40 m.The platform is permanently moored in 1422 m water by 16 chain-polyester-chain mooring lines in a 4×4 pattern,and six steel catenary risers(SCRs)are attached to the platform.It is the world’s first and only semi-submersible platform with the function of condensate storage,so it can be regarded as a floating production storage and offloading(FPSO)unit.With the ability to produce 3 billion m3 of natural gas each year(enough for over 10 million families),the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is a key step toward China’s energy independence.The LS17-2 gas field,where the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is located,was discovered in 2014.Plans for its development were made in 2015,followed by research and a preliminary design.Deep Sea No.1 went into operation on June 25,2021,and will operate onsite continuously without dry-docking for 30 years.展开更多
<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">In this paper, tiling a plane with equilateral semi-regular convex polygons is considered, and, that is, tiling with equilateral p...<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">In this paper, tiling a plane with equilateral semi-regular convex polygons is considered, and, that is, tiling with equilateral polygons of<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the same type. Tiling a plane with semi-regular polygons depends not only on the type of a semi-regular polygon, but also on its interior angles that join at a node. In relation to the interior angles, semi-regular equilateral polygons with the same or different interior angles can be joined in the nodes. Here, we shall first consider tiling a plane with semi-regular equilateral polygons with 2m-sides. The analysis is performed by determining the set of all integer solutions of the corresponding Diophantine equation in the form of <img alt="" src="Edit_c185b1c4-6b78-4af5-b1c2-4932af77bf65.png" />, where<img alt="" src="Edit_2e6548d5-3254-4005-b19e-9d49cd5d6f81.png" />are the non-negative integers which are not equal to zero at the same time, and <img alt="" src="Edit_a6dbde8a-5f3a-43d4-bc89-27dcc3057d23.png" />are the interior angles of a semi-regular equilateral polygon from the characteristic angle. It is shown that of all semi-regular equilateral polygons with 2m-sides, a plane can be tiled only with the semi-regular equilateral quadrilaterals and semi-regular equilateral hexagons. Then, the problem of tiling a plane with semi-regular equilateral quadrilaterals is analyzed in detail, and then the one with semi-regular equilateral hexagons. For these semi-regular polygons, all possible solutions of the corresponding Diophantine equations were analyzed and all nodes were determined, and then the problem for different values of characteristic elements was observed. For some of the observed cases of tiling a plane with these semi-regular polygons, some graphical presentations of tiling constructions are also given.展开更多
Dear Editor,SO(3)SO(3)This letter proposes a continuous-time semi-decentralized algorithm to minimize a sum of local cost functions on over a multi-agent network.Inspired by the distributed subgradient method in[1],th...Dear Editor,SO(3)SO(3)This letter proposes a continuous-time semi-decentralized algorithm to minimize a sum of local cost functions on over a multi-agent network.Inspired by the distributed subgradient method in[1],the algorithm combines a consensus protocol on with a local Riemannian gradient term,but the state of each agent evolves on the nonlinear manifold.In absence of global information for each node,a coordinator is introduced in the communication network to ensure that all agents achieve convergence with consensus.Resorting to Lyapunov approaches,it is shown that the proposed algorithm reaches an optimal solution.展开更多
With the rapid urbanization and exponential population growth in China,two-wheeled vehicles have become a popular mode of transportation,particularly for short-distance travel.However,due to a lack of safety awareness...With the rapid urbanization and exponential population growth in China,two-wheeled vehicles have become a popular mode of transportation,particularly for short-distance travel.However,due to a lack of safety awareness,traffic violations by two-wheeled vehicle riders have become a widespread concern,contributing to urban traffic risks.Currently,significant human and material resources are being allocated to monitor and intercept non-compliant riders to ensure safe driving behavior.To enhance the safety,efficiency,and cost-effectiveness of traffic monitoring,automated detection systems based on image processing algorithms can be employed to identify traffic violations from eye-level video footage.In this study,we propose a robust detection algorithm specifically designed for two-wheeled vehicles,which serves as a fundamental step toward intelligent traffic monitoring.Our approach integrates a novel convolutional and attention mechanism to improve detection accuracy and efficiency.Additionally,we introduce a semi-supervised training strategy that leverages a large number of unlabeled images to enhance the model’s learning capability by extracting valuable background information.This method enables the model to generalize effectively to diverse urban environments and varying lighting conditions.We evaluate our proposed algorithm on a custom-built dataset,and experimental results demonstrate its superior performance,achieving an average precision(AP)of 95%and a recall(R)of 90.6%.Furthermore,the model maintains a computational efficiency of only 25.7 GFLOPs while achieving a high processing speed of 249 FPS,making it highly suitable for deployment on edge devices.Compared to existing detection methods,our approach significantly enhances the accuracy and robustness of two-wheeled vehicle identification while ensuring real-time performance.展开更多
Photoredox catalysis has made significant advances in stateof-the-art chemical synthesis,drawing energy from inexhaustible light and enabling various organic transformations to occur under mild reaction conditions.Ove...Photoredox catalysis has made significant advances in stateof-the-art chemical synthesis,drawing energy from inexhaustible light and enabling various organic transformations to occur under mild reaction conditions.Over the past few years,a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts have been applied in the photoredox catalysis.Heterogeneous photoredox catalysis offers advantages such as easy separation and superior recyclability compared to homogeneous counterparts,although homogenous catalysts are usually associated with higher activities and selectivity.From a practical perspective,an optimal photoredox catalytic system would integrate the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous cases.展开更多
Because methane is flammable and explosive,the detection process is time-consuming and dangerous,and it is difficult to obtain labeled data.In order to reduce the dependence on marker data when detecting methane conce...Because methane is flammable and explosive,the detection process is time-consuming and dangerous,and it is difficult to obtain labeled data.In order to reduce the dependence on marker data when detecting methane concentration using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS)technology,this paper designs a methane gas acquisition platform based on TDLAS and proposes a methane gas concentration detection model based on semi-supervised learning.Firstly,the methane gas is feature extracted,and then semi-supervised learning is introduced to select the optimal feature combination;subsequently,the traditional whale optimization algorithm is improved to optimize the parameters of the random forest to detect the methane gas concentration.The results show that the model is not only able to select the optimal feature combination under limited labeled data,but also has an accuracy of 94.25%,which is better than the traditional model,and is robust in terms of parameter optimization.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter introduces an innovative event-triggered secondary control strategy for Microgrid(MG)to address challenges of low inertia and renewable energy integration.Utilizing semi-Markov switching topolo...Dear Editor,This letter introduces an innovative event-triggered secondary control strategy for Microgrid(MG)to address challenges of low inertia and renewable energy integration.Utilizing semi-Markov switching topologies,this method employs semi-Markov jump processes for accurate load forecasting,facilitating adaptive adjustments of distributed generators(DGs)in response to load changes.展开更多
The transverse single-spin asymmetry forρ^(0) production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering was recently reported by the COMPASS Collaboration.Using the Sivers function extracted from pion and kaon productio...The transverse single-spin asymmetry forρ^(0) production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering was recently reported by the COMPASS Collaboration.Using the Sivers function extracted from pion and kaon productions,we perform a calculation of the Sivers asymmetry within the transverse momentum-dependent factorization.Our results are consistent with the COMPASS data,supporting the universality of the Sivers function in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process for different final-state hadrons within current experimental uncertainties.While different parametrizations of the Sivers function from global analyses allow describing the data equally well,we obtain very different predictions on the Sivers asymmetry ofρand K^(*)productions at electron-ion colliders,which therefore are expected to provide further constraints.展开更多
We propose a novel extension of quantum field theory by introducing Intrinsic Quantum Oscillators (IQuO) to describe the internal degrees of freedom of a particle. IQuO is composed of sub-oscillators with semi-quanta ...We propose a novel extension of quantum field theory by introducing Intrinsic Quantum Oscillators (IQuO) to describe the internal degrees of freedom of a particle. IQuO is composed of sub-oscillators with semi-quanta and are described by creation operators and annihilation with two components each. In the interaction between two particles, thanks to the structure with semi-quants of an IQuO, it is possible to show that in the initial phase of a coupling between two particle-fields, a non-dynamic process of reduction from a non-local to a local state takes place. Besides, IQuO allows us to demonstrate a direct correlation between the two directions of phase rotation of the wave function of a particle and the two signs of its electric charge. This connection provides a new understanding of particle-antiparticle pair creation and their associated virtual boson fields. Finally, two distinct IQuO configurations, B-IQuO and F-IQuO, explain the fundamental difference between fermions and bosons.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275399).
文摘During the process of rail grinding,the local high temperature generated in the grinding contact area can affect the physical properties of the rail,thereby affecting its service performance.Therefore,studying the temperature field of rail grinding is of great significance for improving the quality of rail grinding.In this paper,a calculation model for the grinding depth and contour of the semi elliptical contact area was established based on the contact geometry relationship between the steel rail and the abrasive belt for the first time,and the influence of grinding process parameters on the parameters of the contact area was elucidated.Combined with the characteristics of steel rail abrasive belt grinding process,a calculation model for heat flux density in the semi elliptical contact area was obtained and verified.Based on the above research results,the temperature field of the moving surface heat source with continuous action in the semi elliptical contact area is solved by discretization.Research has shown that under the set grinding process parameters,the simulation and theoretical temperature changes of the rail grinding surface in the semi elliptical contact area are similar and almost reach the maximum temperature at the same time.The relative error between the simulation and theoretical maximum temperature is 6.14%.Comparative analysis of theoretical calculations and simulation of maximum temperature under different grinding speeds shows good consistency in size and trend.The correctness of the above theoretical model has been verified through existing research results.This study proposes a new method for calculating the tem-perature field in the actual semi elliptical grinding area considering the rail profile,which has important the-oretical significance for the calculation of the temperature field and stress field in the grinding area.
基金Foundation item:This work is partially supported by the NNSF(10171011)of Chinathe NNSF(10571026)of Chinathe Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutes of MOE,P.R.C.
文摘Let R be a ring and I an ideal of R. A ring R is called I-semi-π--regular if R/I is π-regular and idempotents of R can be strongly lifted modulo I. Characterizations of I-semi-π-regular rings are given and relations between semi-π-regular rings and semiregular rings are explored.
文摘In this paper,we prove that the generator of any bounded analytic semigroup in(θ,1)-type real interpolation of its domain and underlying Banach space has maximal L^(1)-regularity,using a duality argument combined with the result of maximal continuous regularity.As an application,we consider maximal L^(1)-regularity of the Dirichlet-Laplacian and the Stokes operator in inhomogeneous B_(q),^(s),1-type Besov spaces on domains of R^(n),n≥2.
文摘1.Introduction As China’s first floating production platform in ultra-deepwater,the“Deep Sea No.1”energy station is a milestone in China’s deepwater resource utilization.The energy station is located in the LS17-2 gas field,150 km off the southeast coast of Hainan Island,China.It is a semi-submersible platform(Fig.1)with a displacement of 101 thousand tonnes and an operational draft of 35 to 40 m.The platform is permanently moored in 1422 m water by 16 chain-polyester-chain mooring lines in a 4×4 pattern,and six steel catenary risers(SCRs)are attached to the platform.It is the world’s first and only semi-submersible platform with the function of condensate storage,so it can be regarded as a floating production storage and offloading(FPSO)unit.With the ability to produce 3 billion m3 of natural gas each year(enough for over 10 million families),the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is a key step toward China’s energy independence.The LS17-2 gas field,where the Deep Sea No.1 energy station is located,was discovered in 2014.Plans for its development were made in 2015,followed by research and a preliminary design.Deep Sea No.1 went into operation on June 25,2021,and will operate onsite continuously without dry-docking for 30 years.
文摘<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">In this paper, tiling a plane with equilateral semi-regular convex polygons is considered, and, that is, tiling with equilateral polygons of<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the same type. Tiling a plane with semi-regular polygons depends not only on the type of a semi-regular polygon, but also on its interior angles that join at a node. In relation to the interior angles, semi-regular equilateral polygons with the same or different interior angles can be joined in the nodes. Here, we shall first consider tiling a plane with semi-regular equilateral polygons with 2m-sides. The analysis is performed by determining the set of all integer solutions of the corresponding Diophantine equation in the form of <img alt="" src="Edit_c185b1c4-6b78-4af5-b1c2-4932af77bf65.png" />, where<img alt="" src="Edit_2e6548d5-3254-4005-b19e-9d49cd5d6f81.png" />are the non-negative integers which are not equal to zero at the same time, and <img alt="" src="Edit_a6dbde8a-5f3a-43d4-bc89-27dcc3057d23.png" />are the interior angles of a semi-regular equilateral polygon from the characteristic angle. It is shown that of all semi-regular equilateral polygons with 2m-sides, a plane can be tiled only with the semi-regular equilateral quadrilaterals and semi-regular equilateral hexagons. Then, the problem of tiling a plane with semi-regular equilateral quadrilaterals is analyzed in detail, and then the one with semi-regular equilateral hexagons. For these semi-regular polygons, all possible solutions of the corresponding Diophantine equations were analyzed and all nodes were determined, and then the problem for different values of characteristic elements was observed. For some of the observed cases of tiling a plane with these semi-regular polygons, some graphical presentations of tiling constructions are also given.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1004701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72271187,62373283)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major(2021SHZDZX0100).
文摘Dear Editor,SO(3)SO(3)This letter proposes a continuous-time semi-decentralized algorithm to minimize a sum of local cost functions on over a multi-agent network.Inspired by the distributed subgradient method in[1],the algorithm combines a consensus protocol on with a local Riemannian gradient term,but the state of each agent evolves on the nonlinear manifold.In absence of global information for each node,a coordinator is introduced in the communication network to ensure that all agents achieve convergence with consensus.Resorting to Lyapunov approaches,it is shown that the proposed algorithm reaches an optimal solution.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2023J011439 and No.2019J01859).
文摘With the rapid urbanization and exponential population growth in China,two-wheeled vehicles have become a popular mode of transportation,particularly for short-distance travel.However,due to a lack of safety awareness,traffic violations by two-wheeled vehicle riders have become a widespread concern,contributing to urban traffic risks.Currently,significant human and material resources are being allocated to monitor and intercept non-compliant riders to ensure safe driving behavior.To enhance the safety,efficiency,and cost-effectiveness of traffic monitoring,automated detection systems based on image processing algorithms can be employed to identify traffic violations from eye-level video footage.In this study,we propose a robust detection algorithm specifically designed for two-wheeled vehicles,which serves as a fundamental step toward intelligent traffic monitoring.Our approach integrates a novel convolutional and attention mechanism to improve detection accuracy and efficiency.Additionally,we introduce a semi-supervised training strategy that leverages a large number of unlabeled images to enhance the model’s learning capability by extracting valuable background information.This method enables the model to generalize effectively to diverse urban environments and varying lighting conditions.We evaluate our proposed algorithm on a custom-built dataset,and experimental results demonstrate its superior performance,achieving an average precision(AP)of 95%and a recall(R)of 90.6%.Furthermore,the model maintains a computational efficiency of only 25.7 GFLOPs while achieving a high processing speed of 249 FPS,making it highly suitable for deployment on edge devices.Compared to existing detection methods,our approach significantly enhances the accuracy and robustness of two-wheeled vehicle identification while ensuring real-time performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271060),The Department of Chemistry at Fudan University and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Ningxia University is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Photoredox catalysis has made significant advances in stateof-the-art chemical synthesis,drawing energy from inexhaustible light and enabling various organic transformations to occur under mild reaction conditions.Over the past few years,a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts have been applied in the photoredox catalysis.Heterogeneous photoredox catalysis offers advantages such as easy separation and superior recyclability compared to homogeneous counterparts,although homogenous catalysts are usually associated with higher activities and selectivity.From a practical perspective,an optimal photoredox catalytic system would integrate the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous cases.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education Chunhui Program of China(No.HZKY20220304).
文摘Because methane is flammable and explosive,the detection process is time-consuming and dangerous,and it is difficult to obtain labeled data.In order to reduce the dependence on marker data when detecting methane concentration using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS)technology,this paper designs a methane gas acquisition platform based on TDLAS and proposes a methane gas concentration detection model based on semi-supervised learning.Firstly,the methane gas is feature extracted,and then semi-supervised learning is introduced to select the optimal feature combination;subsequently,the traditional whale optimization algorithm is improved to optimize the parameters of the random forest to detect the methane gas concentration.The results show that the model is not only able to select the optimal feature combination under limited labeled data,but also has an accuracy of 94.25%,which is better than the traditional model,and is robust in terms of parameter optimization.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023QF092)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373224).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter introduces an innovative event-triggered secondary control strategy for Microgrid(MG)to address challenges of low inertia and renewable energy integration.Utilizing semi-Markov switching topologies,this method employs semi-Markov jump processes for accurate load forecasting,facilitating adaptive adjustments of distributed generators(DGs)in response to load changes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1611004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175117,12475084,and 12321005)the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZFJH202303 and ZR2024MA012)。
文摘The transverse single-spin asymmetry forρ^(0) production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering was recently reported by the COMPASS Collaboration.Using the Sivers function extracted from pion and kaon productions,we perform a calculation of the Sivers asymmetry within the transverse momentum-dependent factorization.Our results are consistent with the COMPASS data,supporting the universality of the Sivers function in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process for different final-state hadrons within current experimental uncertainties.While different parametrizations of the Sivers function from global analyses allow describing the data equally well,we obtain very different predictions on the Sivers asymmetry ofρand K^(*)productions at electron-ion colliders,which therefore are expected to provide further constraints.
文摘We propose a novel extension of quantum field theory by introducing Intrinsic Quantum Oscillators (IQuO) to describe the internal degrees of freedom of a particle. IQuO is composed of sub-oscillators with semi-quanta and are described by creation operators and annihilation with two components each. In the interaction between two particles, thanks to the structure with semi-quants of an IQuO, it is possible to show that in the initial phase of a coupling between two particle-fields, a non-dynamic process of reduction from a non-local to a local state takes place. Besides, IQuO allows us to demonstrate a direct correlation between the two directions of phase rotation of the wave function of a particle and the two signs of its electric charge. This connection provides a new understanding of particle-antiparticle pair creation and their associated virtual boson fields. Finally, two distinct IQuO configurations, B-IQuO and F-IQuO, explain the fundamental difference between fermions and bosons.
