We formulate an irreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the self-avoiding walk （SAW）, which violates the detailed balance condition and satisfies tile balance condition. Its performance improves signific...We formulate an irreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the self-avoiding walk （SAW）, which violates the detailed balance condition and satisfies tile balance condition. Its performance improves significantly compared to that of the Berretti-Sokal algorithm, which is a variant of the Metropolis Hastings method. The gained efficiency increases with spatial dimension （D）, from approximately 10 times in 2D to approximately 40 times in 5D. We simulate the SAW on a 5D hypercubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions, for a linear system with a size up to L = 128, and confirm that as for the 5D Ising model, the finite-size scaling of the SAW is governed by renormalized exponents, υ^＊ = 2/d and γ/υ^＊ = d/2. The critical point is determined, which is approximately 8 times more precise than the best available estimate.展开更多
The self-avoiding walk (SAW) is an important model greatly different from the normalrandom walk in mathematics. Since a site that has been occupied once cannot be visitedagain by the walker, the SAW is not a Markov ch...The self-avoiding walk (SAW) is an important model greatly different from the normalrandom walk in mathematics. Since a site that has been occupied once cannot be visitedagain by the walker, the SAW is not a Markov chain. Generally speaking, it is difficult togive an accurate analytical expression of the problem dealing with the SAW. It is wellknown that the SAW model is widely used in physics, chemistry and biology. For exam-展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking rec...BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.展开更多
In this paper,large deviations principle(LDP)and moderate deviations principle(MDP)of record numbers in random walks are studied under certain conditions.The results show that the rate functions of LDP and MDP are dif...In this paper,large deviations principle(LDP)and moderate deviations principle(MDP)of record numbers in random walks are studied under certain conditions.The results show that the rate functions of LDP and MDP are different from those of weak record numbers,which are interesting complements of the conclusions by Li and Yao[1].展开更多
The no-cloning theorem has sparked considerable interest in achieving high-fidelity approximate quantum cloning.Most of the previous studies mainly focused on the cloning of single particle states,and cloning schemes ...The no-cloning theorem has sparked considerable interest in achieving high-fidelity approximate quantum cloning.Most of the previous studies mainly focused on the cloning of single particle states,and cloning schemes used there are incapable of cloning quantum entangled states in multipartite systems.Few schemes were proposed for cloning multiparticle states,which consume more entanglement resources with loss of qubits,and the fidelity of the cloned state is relatively low.In this paper,cloning schemes for bipartite and tripartite entangled states based on photonic quantum walk and entanglement swapping are proposed.The results show that according to the proposed schemes,two high-fidelity(up to 0.75)cloned states can be obtained with less quantum resource consumption.Because of the simple cloning steps,few quantum resources and high fidelity,these schemes are both efficient and feasible.Moreover,this cloning machine eliminates the need for tracing out cloning machine,thereby minimizing resource waste.展开更多
Missiles provide long-range precision strike capabilities and have become a cornerstone of modern warfare.The contrail clouds formed by missile during their active flight phase present significant chal-lenges to high-...Missiles provide long-range precision strike capabilities and have become a cornerstone of modern warfare.The contrail clouds formed by missile during their active flight phase present significant chal-lenges to high-altitude environmental observation and target detection and tracking.Existing studies primarily focus on specific airspace regions,leaving critical gaps in understanding the effects of long dispersion times,wide altitude ranges,and variable atmospheric conditions on missile contrail clouds.To address these gaps,this article develops a numerical method based on the Lagrangian random walk model,which incorporates various velocity variation terms,including particle velocity caused by the difference of wind field,by the thermal motion of local gas molecules and by random collisions between contrail cloud particles to capture the influence of environmental wind fields,atmospheric conditions,and particle concentrations on the motion of contrail cloud particles.A general coordinate system aligned with the missile's flight trajectory is employed to represent particle distribution characteristics.The proposed method is in good agreement with the conducted experiments as well as with the available numerical simulations.The results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively simulates the dispersion state of contrail clouds,accurately reflecting the impact of large-scale wind field variations and altitude changes with high computational efficiency.Additionally,simulation results indicate that the increased distance between gas molecules in rarefied environments facilitates enhanced particle dispersion,while larger particles exhibit a faster dispersion rate due to their greater mass.展开更多
Walking is the basic locomotion pattern for bipedal robots.The walking pattern is widely generated using the linear inverted pendulum model.The linear inverted pendulum motion of each support period can be designed as...Walking is the basic locomotion pattern for bipedal robots.The walking pattern is widely generated using the linear inverted pendulum model.The linear inverted pendulum motion of each support period can be designed as a walk primitive to be connected to form a walking trajectory.A novel method of integrating double support phase into the walk primitive was proposed in this article.The method describes the generation of walking patterns using walk primitives with double support,specifically for lateral plane including walking in place,walking for lateral,and walking initiation,and for sagittal plane including fixed step length walking,variable step length walking,and walking initiation.Compared to walk primitives without double support phase,those with double support phase reduce the maximum speed required by the robot and eliminate the need to adjust foothold for achieving continuous speed.The performance of the proposed method is validated by simulations and experiments on Neubot,a position-controlled biped robot.展开更多
Background The redirected walking(RDW)method for multi-user collaboration requires maintaining the relative position between users in a virtual environment(VE)and physical environment(PE).A chasing game in a VE is a t...Background The redirected walking(RDW)method for multi-user collaboration requires maintaining the relative position between users in a virtual environment(VE)and physical environment(PE).A chasing game in a VE is a typical virtual reality game that entails multi-user collaboration.When a user approaches and interacts with a target user in the VE,the user is expected to approach and interact with the target user in the corresponding PE as well.Existing methods of multi-user RDW mainly focus on obstacle avoidance,which does not account for the relative positional relationship between the users in both VE and PE.Methods To enhance the user experience and facilitate potential interaction,this paper presents a novel dynamic alignment algorithm for multi-user collaborative redirected walking(DA-RDW)in a shared PE where the target user and other users are moving.This algorithm adopts improved artificial potential fields,where the repulsive force is a function of the relative position and velocity of the user with respect to dynamic obstacles.For the best alignment,this algorithm sets the alignment-guidance force in several cases and then converts it into a constrained optimization problem to obtain the optimal direction.Moreover,this algorithm introduces a potential interaction object selection strategy for a dynamically uncertain environment to speed up the subsequent alignment.To balance obstacle avoidance and alignment,this algorithm uses the dynamic weightings of the virtual and physical distances between users and the target to determine the resultant force vector.Results The efficacy of the proposed method was evaluated using a series of simulations and live-user experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that our novel dynamic alignment method for multi-user collaborative redirected walking can reduce the distance error in both VE and PE to improve alignment with fewer collisions.展开更多
[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of ...[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of Science,SPORTSDiscus,PsycINFO,SCOPUS,CINAHL)up to May 2025.Seventeen randomized controlled trials(RCTs;total n=1142)met inclusion criteria:adults with stroke,device-based HIIT(≥70%HRR/VO 2peak),and outcomes assessing VO_(2)peak,6-min walk distance(6MWD),or Berg Balance Scale(BBS).Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale.Pooled effect sizes(Hedges'g)were calculated via random-effects models,with heterogeneity quantified by I^(2).[Results]HIIT significantly improved peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2)peak)versus controls(g=0.59,95%CI:0.44-0.75,p<0.001;I^(2)=16.29%).Low heterogeneity and symmetrical funnel plots supported robustness.HIIT also enhanced walking endurance(6MWD:g=0.32,95%CI:0.16-0.48,p<0.01;I^(2)=30%).In contrast,no significant benefit was observed for balance function(BBS:g=0.07,95%CI:-0.13-0.26,p=0.50;I^(2)=0%).[Conclusions]HIIT is a safe and highly effective intervention for enhancing aerobic capacity and walking function post-stroke.Its benefits are maximized at higher intensities and longer durations but do not extend to balance improvement.Integrating HIIT into stroke rehabilitation protocols is strongly recommended to promote functional independence.展开更多
目的探讨基于团队学习的画廊漫游(Gallery Walk,GW)教学法在本科《临床麻醉学》课程中的应用效果。方法选取蚌埠医科大学2022级麻醉学专业本科生59名,随机分为实验组(30名)和对照组(29名)。实验组采用GW教学法,通过多站式案例研讨、角...目的探讨基于团队学习的画廊漫游(Gallery Walk,GW)教学法在本科《临床麻醉学》课程中的应用效果。方法选取蚌埠医科大学2022级麻醉学专业本科生59名,随机分为实验组(30名)和对照组(29名)。实验组采用GW教学法,通过多站式案例研讨、角色轮换及即时反馈机制开展教学;对照组采用传统讲授与模拟操作结合的教学模式。比较两组学生的理论知识考核成绩(单选题、案例分析题、开放论述题)、临床技能操作(OSCE评分)、团队协作效能(NASA-TLX与TCO量表)、批判性思维能力(CCTDI量表)及教学满意度(Likert 5级量表),并在课程结束1个月后进行知识保持率测试。结果实验组理论考试总分为(85.2±5.8 vs 79.6±6.3)分、OSCE总分为(86.7±5.1 vs 80.9±5.7)分、团队协作效能为(7.8±1.4 vs 6.1±1.6)分、批判性思维总分为(18.6±7.2 vs 9.3±6.1)分,各项均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组教学满意度评分为(4.2±0.5 vs 3.4±0.7)分、知识保持率为(88.6%vs 75.2%)分,二者亦优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论GW教学法通过动态互动与多维反馈机制,有效提升了学生的临床决策能力、团队协作水平及知识长期保持效果,可作为《临床麻醉学》课程教学改革的有益尝试。展开更多
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11275185 and 11625522, and the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China （No. Y5KF191CJ1）. Y. Deng acknowledges the Ministry of Education （of China） for the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 2340000034.
文摘We formulate an irreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the self-avoiding walk （SAW）, which violates the detailed balance condition and satisfies tile balance condition. Its performance improves significantly compared to that of the Berretti-Sokal algorithm, which is a variant of the Metropolis Hastings method. The gained efficiency increases with spatial dimension （D）, from approximately 10 times in 2D to approximately 40 times in 5D. We simulate the SAW on a 5D hypercubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions, for a linear system with a size up to L = 128, and confirm that as for the 5D Ising model, the finite-size scaling of the SAW is governed by renormalized exponents, υ^＊ = 2/d and γ/υ^＊ = d/2. The critical point is determined, which is approximately 8 times more precise than the best available estimate.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The self-avoiding walk (SAW) is an important model greatly different from the normalrandom walk in mathematics. Since a site that has been occupied once cannot be visitedagain by the walker, the SAW is not a Markov chain. Generally speaking, it is difficult togive an accurate analytical expression of the problem dealing with the SAW. It is wellknown that the SAW model is widely used in physics, chemistry and biology. For exam-
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11671145)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.18dz2271000).
文摘In this paper,large deviations principle(LDP)and moderate deviations principle(MDP)of record numbers in random walks are studied under certain conditions.The results show that the rate functions of LDP and MDP are different from those of weak record numbers,which are interesting complements of the conclusions by Li and Yao[1].
文摘The no-cloning theorem has sparked considerable interest in achieving high-fidelity approximate quantum cloning.Most of the previous studies mainly focused on the cloning of single particle states,and cloning schemes used there are incapable of cloning quantum entangled states in multipartite systems.Few schemes were proposed for cloning multiparticle states,which consume more entanglement resources with loss of qubits,and the fidelity of the cloned state is relatively low.In this paper,cloning schemes for bipartite and tripartite entangled states based on photonic quantum walk and entanglement swapping are proposed.The results show that according to the proposed schemes,two high-fidelity(up to 0.75)cloned states can be obtained with less quantum resource consumption.Because of the simple cloning steps,few quantum resources and high fidelity,these schemes are both efficient and feasible.Moreover,this cloning machine eliminates the need for tracing out cloning machine,thereby minimizing resource waste.
文摘Missiles provide long-range precision strike capabilities and have become a cornerstone of modern warfare.The contrail clouds formed by missile during their active flight phase present significant chal-lenges to high-altitude environmental observation and target detection and tracking.Existing studies primarily focus on specific airspace regions,leaving critical gaps in understanding the effects of long dispersion times,wide altitude ranges,and variable atmospheric conditions on missile contrail clouds.To address these gaps,this article develops a numerical method based on the Lagrangian random walk model,which incorporates various velocity variation terms,including particle velocity caused by the difference of wind field,by the thermal motion of local gas molecules and by random collisions between contrail cloud particles to capture the influence of environmental wind fields,atmospheric conditions,and particle concentrations on the motion of contrail cloud particles.A general coordinate system aligned with the missile's flight trajectory is employed to represent particle distribution characteristics.The proposed method is in good agreement with the conducted experiments as well as with the available numerical simulations.The results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively simulates the dispersion state of contrail clouds,accurately reflecting the impact of large-scale wind field variations and altitude changes with high computational efficiency.Additionally,simulation results indicate that the increased distance between gas molecules in rarefied environments facilitates enhanced particle dispersion,while larger particles exhibit a faster dispersion rate due to their greater mass.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program under Grant 2018YFB1304504.
文摘Walking is the basic locomotion pattern for bipedal robots.The walking pattern is widely generated using the linear inverted pendulum model.The linear inverted pendulum motion of each support period can be designed as a walk primitive to be connected to form a walking trajectory.A novel method of integrating double support phase into the walk primitive was proposed in this article.The method describes the generation of walking patterns using walk primitives with double support,specifically for lateral plane including walking in place,walking for lateral,and walking initiation,and for sagittal plane including fixed step length walking,variable step length walking,and walking initiation.Compared to walk primitives without double support phase,those with double support phase reduce the maximum speed required by the robot and eliminate the need to adjust foothold for achieving continuous speed.The performance of the proposed method is validated by simulations and experiments on Neubot,a position-controlled biped robot.
基金Supported by STI 2030 Major Projects of China(2021ZD0200400).
文摘Background The redirected walking(RDW)method for multi-user collaboration requires maintaining the relative position between users in a virtual environment(VE)and physical environment(PE).A chasing game in a VE is a typical virtual reality game that entails multi-user collaboration.When a user approaches and interacts with a target user in the VE,the user is expected to approach and interact with the target user in the corresponding PE as well.Existing methods of multi-user RDW mainly focus on obstacle avoidance,which does not account for the relative positional relationship between the users in both VE and PE.Methods To enhance the user experience and facilitate potential interaction,this paper presents a novel dynamic alignment algorithm for multi-user collaborative redirected walking(DA-RDW)in a shared PE where the target user and other users are moving.This algorithm adopts improved artificial potential fields,where the repulsive force is a function of the relative position and velocity of the user with respect to dynamic obstacles.For the best alignment,this algorithm sets the alignment-guidance force in several cases and then converts it into a constrained optimization problem to obtain the optimal direction.Moreover,this algorithm introduces a potential interaction object selection strategy for a dynamically uncertain environment to speed up the subsequent alignment.To balance obstacle avoidance and alignment,this algorithm uses the dynamic weightings of the virtual and physical distances between users and the target to determine the resultant force vector.Results The efficacy of the proposed method was evaluated using a series of simulations and live-user experiments.The experimental results demonstrate that our novel dynamic alignment method for multi-user collaborative redirected walking can reduce the distance error in both VE and PE to improve alignment with fewer collisions.
文摘[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of Science,SPORTSDiscus,PsycINFO,SCOPUS,CINAHL)up to May 2025.Seventeen randomized controlled trials(RCTs;total n=1142)met inclusion criteria:adults with stroke,device-based HIIT(≥70%HRR/VO 2peak),and outcomes assessing VO_(2)peak,6-min walk distance(6MWD),or Berg Balance Scale(BBS).Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale.Pooled effect sizes(Hedges'g)were calculated via random-effects models,with heterogeneity quantified by I^(2).[Results]HIIT significantly improved peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2)peak)versus controls(g=0.59,95%CI:0.44-0.75,p<0.001;I^(2)=16.29%).Low heterogeneity and symmetrical funnel plots supported robustness.HIIT also enhanced walking endurance(6MWD:g=0.32,95%CI:0.16-0.48,p<0.01;I^(2)=30%).In contrast,no significant benefit was observed for balance function(BBS:g=0.07,95%CI:-0.13-0.26,p=0.50;I^(2)=0%).[Conclusions]HIIT is a safe and highly effective intervention for enhancing aerobic capacity and walking function post-stroke.Its benefits are maximized at higher intensities and longer durations but do not extend to balance improvement.Integrating HIIT into stroke rehabilitation protocols is strongly recommended to promote functional independence.
文摘目的探讨基于团队学习的画廊漫游(Gallery Walk,GW)教学法在本科《临床麻醉学》课程中的应用效果。方法选取蚌埠医科大学2022级麻醉学专业本科生59名,随机分为实验组(30名)和对照组(29名)。实验组采用GW教学法,通过多站式案例研讨、角色轮换及即时反馈机制开展教学;对照组采用传统讲授与模拟操作结合的教学模式。比较两组学生的理论知识考核成绩(单选题、案例分析题、开放论述题)、临床技能操作(OSCE评分)、团队协作效能(NASA-TLX与TCO量表)、批判性思维能力(CCTDI量表)及教学满意度(Likert 5级量表),并在课程结束1个月后进行知识保持率测试。结果实验组理论考试总分为(85.2±5.8 vs 79.6±6.3)分、OSCE总分为(86.7±5.1 vs 80.9±5.7)分、团队协作效能为(7.8±1.4 vs 6.1±1.6)分、批判性思维总分为(18.6±7.2 vs 9.3±6.1)分,各项均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组教学满意度评分为(4.2±0.5 vs 3.4±0.7)分、知识保持率为(88.6%vs 75.2%)分,二者亦优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论GW教学法通过动态互动与多维反馈机制,有效提升了学生的临床决策能力、团队协作水平及知识长期保持效果,可作为《临床麻醉学》课程教学改革的有益尝试。
