To address the issues of unknown target size,blurred edges,background interference and low contrast in infrared small target detection,this paper proposes a method based on density peaks searching and weighted multi-f...To address the issues of unknown target size,blurred edges,background interference and low contrast in infrared small target detection,this paper proposes a method based on density peaks searching and weighted multi-feature local difference.Firstly,an improved high-boost filter is used for preprocessing to eliminate background clutter and high-brightness interference,thereby increasing the probability of capturing real targets in the density peak search.Secondly,a triple-layer window is used to extract features from the area surrounding candidate targets,addressing the uncertainty of small target sizes.By calculating multi-feature local differences between the triple-layer windows,the problems of blurred target edges and low contrast are resolved.To balance the contribution of different features,intra-class distance is used to calculate weights,achieving weighted fusion of multi-feature local differences to obtain the weighted multi-feature local differences of candidate targets.The real targets are then extracted using the interquartile range.Experiments on datasets such as SIRST and IRSTD-IK show that the proposed method is suitable for various complex types and demonstrates good robustness and detection performance.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on development outline of contemporary art of Chinese sports under the background of differences between Chinese and western culture. The development of any industry must experience ...In this paper, we conduct research on development outline of contemporary art of Chinese sports under the background of differences between Chinese and western culture. The development of any industry must experience the formation, growth, maturity and decline of the industry life cycle. Its period in the entire industry by the proportion of growth, the sports industry is no exception. But due to the particularity of the Chinese system, China’s sports industry life cycle has its particularity. Technology, is the carrier of knowledge talent, technology, knowledge of competition, is essentially talent competition while the country is increasing investment in sports industry, scientifi c research, education, strengthen the training of management personnel, to improve the quality of sports market management. Therefore, we propose the novel idea on the issues that is meaningful.展开更多
The large-scale and small-scale errors could affect background error covariances for a regional numerical model with the specified grid resolution.Based on the different background error covariances influenced by diff...The large-scale and small-scale errors could affect background error covariances for a regional numerical model with the specified grid resolution.Based on the different background error covariances influenced by different scale errors,this study tries to construct a so-called"optimal background error covariances"to consider the interactions among different scale errors.For this purpose,a linear combination of the forecast differences influenced by information of errors at different scales is used to construct the new forecast differences for estimating optimal background error covariances.By adjusting the relative weight of the forecast differences influenced by information of smaller-scale errors,the relative influence of different scale errors on optimal background error covariances can be changed.For a heavy rainfall case,the corresponding optimal background error covariances can be estimated through choosing proper weighting factor for forecast differences influenced by information of smaller-scale errors.The data assimilation and forecast with these optimal covariances show that,the corresponding analyses and forecasts can lead to superior quality,compared with those using covariances that just introduce influences of larger-or smallerscale errors.Due to the interactions among different scale errors included in optimal background error covariances,relevant analysis increments can properly describe weather systems(processes)at different scales,such as dynamic lifting,thermodynamic instability and advection of moisture at large scale,high-level and low-level jet at synoptic scale,and convective systems at mesoscale and small scale,as well as their interactions.As a result,the corresponding forecasts can be improved.展开更多
Both Jane Austen and Eileen Chang are popular female writers.However they endowed their heroines with differentfates:Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice earns a happily-ever-after with her Mr.Right,while Gu Manlu in Eigh...Both Jane Austen and Eileen Chang are popular female writers.However they endowed their heroines with differentfates:Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice earns a happily-ever-after with her Mr.Right,while Gu Manlu in Eighteen Springs has toembrace death long before her time.They are destined due to their different family backgrounds and different characters which aredepicted in the novels.展开更多
Every nation has own language and culture,special expression style and content,which is national features.Cross-culture contact and communication is possible,of which difference is an obstacle for communication.China ...Every nation has own language and culture,special expression style and content,which is national features.Cross-culture contact and communication is possible,of which difference is an obstacle for communication.China and English--using countries have different culture background,which are big difference for looking at world,the thinking and behavior style toward things.With the ever-accelerating pace of China' s reform and opening up,the cross-border communication growing,Western etiquette and cultural differences is increasingly revealed.this difference can not be ignored,we need to understand the Chinese and Western etiquette,which do not get the perfect blend of these etiquette difference.展开更多
In the previous study, the influences of introducing larger- and smaller-scale errors on the background error covariances estimated at the given scales were investigated, respectively. This study used the eovariances ...In the previous study, the influences of introducing larger- and smaller-scale errors on the background error covariances estimated at the given scales were investigated, respectively. This study used the eovariances obtained in the previous study in the data assimilation and model forecast system based on three-dimensional variational method and the Weather Research and Forecasting model. In this study, analyses and forecasts from this system with different covariances for a period of one month were compared, and the causes for differing results were presented. The varia- tions of analysis increments with different-scale errors are consistent with those of variances and correlations of back- ground errors that were reported in the previous paper. In particular, the introduction of smaller-scale errors leads to greater amplitudes in analysis increments for medium-scale wind at the heights of both high- and low-level jets. Tem- perature and humidity analysis increments are greater at the corresponding scales at the middle- and upper-levels. These analysis increments could improve the intensity of the jet-convection system that includes jets at different levels and the coupling between them that is associated with latent heat release. These changes in analyses will contribute to more ac- curate wind and temperature forecasts in the corresponding areas. When smaller-scale errors are included, humidity analysis increments are significantly enhanced at large scales and lower levels, to moisten southern analyses. Thus, dry bias can be corrected, which will improve humidity forecasts. Moreover, the inclusion of larger- （smaller-） scale errors will be beneficial for the accuracy of forecasts of heavy （light） precipitation at large （small） scales because of the ampli- fication （diminution） of the intensity and area in precipitation forecasts.展开更多
An experimental system based on the background-oriented schlieren（BOS） technique is built to reconstruct the density and temperature distribution of a flame-induced distorted flow field which has a density gradient....An experimental system based on the background-oriented schlieren（BOS） technique is built to reconstruct the density and temperature distribution of a flame-induced distorted flow field which has a density gradient. The cross-correlation algorithm with sub-pixel accuracy is introduced and used to calculate the background-element displacement of a disturbed image and a fourth-order difference scheme is also developed to solve the Poisson equation. An experiment for a disturbed flow field caused by a burning candle is performed to validate the built BOS system and the results indicate that density and temperature distribution of the disturbed flow field can be reconstructed accurately. A notable conclusion is that in order to make the reconstructed results have a satisfactory accuracy, the inquiry step length should be less than the size of the interrogation window.展开更多
The time reversal is an unique self-adaptive focusing technique important to ultrasonic imaging. In this paper, the principle and the analytic expression of the ultrasound field in the realization of time reversal du...The time reversal is an unique self-adaptive focusing technique important to ultrasonic imaging. In this paper, the principle and the analytic expression of the ultrasound field in the realization of time reversal during the presence of an interface between two media are presented. Experimental results of time reversal are given and found to agree with theoretical ones.展开更多
In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For examp...In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For example,students who join international exchange programs may find that simple gestures considered polite in one culture,such as bowing or handshakes,might be impolite or confusing in another.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52205548)。
文摘To address the issues of unknown target size,blurred edges,background interference and low contrast in infrared small target detection,this paper proposes a method based on density peaks searching and weighted multi-feature local difference.Firstly,an improved high-boost filter is used for preprocessing to eliminate background clutter and high-brightness interference,thereby increasing the probability of capturing real targets in the density peak search.Secondly,a triple-layer window is used to extract features from the area surrounding candidate targets,addressing the uncertainty of small target sizes.By calculating multi-feature local differences between the triple-layer windows,the problems of blurred target edges and low contrast are resolved.To balance the contribution of different features,intra-class distance is used to calculate weights,achieving weighted fusion of multi-feature local differences to obtain the weighted multi-feature local differences of candidate targets.The real targets are then extracted using the interquartile range.Experiments on datasets such as SIRST and IRSTD-IK show that the proposed method is suitable for various complex types and demonstrates good robustness and detection performance.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on development outline of contemporary art of Chinese sports under the background of differences between Chinese and western culture. The development of any industry must experience the formation, growth, maturity and decline of the industry life cycle. Its period in the entire industry by the proportion of growth, the sports industry is no exception. But due to the particularity of the Chinese system, China’s sports industry life cycle has its particularity. Technology, is the carrier of knowledge talent, technology, knowledge of competition, is essentially talent competition while the country is increasing investment in sports industry, scientifi c research, education, strengthen the training of management personnel, to improve the quality of sports market management. Therefore, we propose the novel idea on the issues that is meaningful.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41130964)National Special Funding Project for Meteorology(GYHY-201006004)
文摘The large-scale and small-scale errors could affect background error covariances for a regional numerical model with the specified grid resolution.Based on the different background error covariances influenced by different scale errors,this study tries to construct a so-called"optimal background error covariances"to consider the interactions among different scale errors.For this purpose,a linear combination of the forecast differences influenced by information of errors at different scales is used to construct the new forecast differences for estimating optimal background error covariances.By adjusting the relative weight of the forecast differences influenced by information of smaller-scale errors,the relative influence of different scale errors on optimal background error covariances can be changed.For a heavy rainfall case,the corresponding optimal background error covariances can be estimated through choosing proper weighting factor for forecast differences influenced by information of smaller-scale errors.The data assimilation and forecast with these optimal covariances show that,the corresponding analyses and forecasts can lead to superior quality,compared with those using covariances that just introduce influences of larger-or smallerscale errors.Due to the interactions among different scale errors included in optimal background error covariances,relevant analysis increments can properly describe weather systems(processes)at different scales,such as dynamic lifting,thermodynamic instability and advection of moisture at large scale,high-level and low-level jet at synoptic scale,and convective systems at mesoscale and small scale,as well as their interactions.As a result,the corresponding forecasts can be improved.
文摘Both Jane Austen and Eileen Chang are popular female writers.However they endowed their heroines with differentfates:Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice earns a happily-ever-after with her Mr.Right,while Gu Manlu in Eighteen Springs has toembrace death long before her time.They are destined due to their different family backgrounds and different characters which aredepicted in the novels.
文摘Every nation has own language and culture,special expression style and content,which is national features.Cross-culture contact and communication is possible,of which difference is an obstacle for communication.China and English--using countries have different culture background,which are big difference for looking at world,the thinking and behavior style toward things.With the ever-accelerating pace of China' s reform and opening up,the cross-border communication growing,Western etiquette and cultural differences is increasingly revealed.this difference can not be ignored,we need to understand the Chinese and Western etiquette,which do not get the perfect blend of these etiquette difference.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grants(41461164008,41130964)National Key Project for Basic Research(973 Project)(2015452803)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project for Guangdong Province(2012A061400012)China Meteorological Administration(GYHY201406009)
文摘In the previous study, the influences of introducing larger- and smaller-scale errors on the background error covariances estimated at the given scales were investigated, respectively. This study used the eovariances obtained in the previous study in the data assimilation and model forecast system based on three-dimensional variational method and the Weather Research and Forecasting model. In this study, analyses and forecasts from this system with different covariances for a period of one month were compared, and the causes for differing results were presented. The varia- tions of analysis increments with different-scale errors are consistent with those of variances and correlations of back- ground errors that were reported in the previous paper. In particular, the introduction of smaller-scale errors leads to greater amplitudes in analysis increments for medium-scale wind at the heights of both high- and low-level jets. Tem- perature and humidity analysis increments are greater at the corresponding scales at the middle- and upper-levels. These analysis increments could improve the intensity of the jet-convection system that includes jets at different levels and the coupling between them that is associated with latent heat release. These changes in analyses will contribute to more ac- curate wind and temperature forecasts in the corresponding areas. When smaller-scale errors are included, humidity analysis increments are significantly enhanced at large scales and lower levels, to moisten southern analyses. Thus, dry bias can be corrected, which will improve humidity forecasts. Moreover, the inclusion of larger- （smaller-） scale errors will be beneficial for the accuracy of forecasts of heavy （light） precipitation at large （small） scales because of the ampli- fication （diminution） of the intensity and area in precipitation forecasts.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC 91441205)
文摘An experimental system based on the background-oriented schlieren（BOS） technique is built to reconstruct the density and temperature distribution of a flame-induced distorted flow field which has a density gradient. The cross-correlation algorithm with sub-pixel accuracy is introduced and used to calculate the background-element displacement of a disturbed image and a fourth-order difference scheme is also developed to solve the Poisson equation. An experiment for a disturbed flow field caused by a burning candle is performed to validate the built BOS system and the results indicate that density and temperature distribution of the disturbed flow field can be reconstructed accurately. A notable conclusion is that in order to make the reconstructed results have a satisfactory accuracy, the inquiry step length should be less than the size of the interrogation window.
文摘尽管长波红外成像技术在陆地遥感、天文学等应用中至关重要,但其面临着来自压倒性热背景辐射的根本性挑战。这种背景光子通量常常将传统探测器推向其背景限制性能(Background-Limited Performance,BLIP)的极限。此时主要的限制因素并非探测器固有的噪声,而是背景本身的散粒噪声。本文论证了一个关键的分类,以区分两种表面相似但本质迥异的探测架构——差分探测器和微分探测器。根据探测器的应用和实现途径可知,传统差分探测器的背景光电流为可探测的信号差异设置了一个由背景决定的阈值,而微分探测器则是一种在物理感知层面直接对目标物理量的差异进行测量的器件:只有微弱的差值信号被积分,导致极大量的累加采样,因此可将信噪比提升至前所未有的水平。特别介绍了基于量子阱红外光电探测器(Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector,QWIP)的微分探测技术路径。QWIP以其极低的暗电流、精准的电学可控性和内禀的光谱选择性,为实现高性能长波红外微分探测器提供了理想的物理基础,并已在实验中取得显著进展。最后利用费雪信息理论和克拉默--拉奥约束为微分探测器提供了严格的理论支撑。
基金This project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the President Foundationof Institute of Acoustics
文摘The time reversal is an unique self-adaptive focusing technique important to ultrasonic imaging. In this paper, the principle and the analytic expression of the ultrasound field in the realization of time reversal during the presence of an interface between two media are presented. Experimental results of time reversal are given and found to agree with theoretical ones.
文摘In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For example,students who join international exchange programs may find that simple gestures considered polite in one culture,such as bowing or handshakes,might be impolite or confusing in another.
