With early rice variety Zhongzao 39 as test material,this paper investigated the effects of organic fertilizer application rate on seedling quality under no-tillage semi-solid state direct seeding.The results showed t...With early rice variety Zhongzao 39 as test material,this paper investigated the effects of organic fertilizer application rate on seedling quality under no-tillage semi-solid state direct seeding.The results showed that the seedling quality of no-tillage semi-solid direct seeding was better than that of traditional direct seeding,and different application rates of organic fertilizer under no-tillage semi-solid direct seeding also had signi ficant effects on seedling emergence rate,dry matter weight in ground and underground,stem base width,root activity,chlorophyll content and seedling growth index of rice seedlings.When the organic fertilizer dosage was A4(0.10∶1),it was most beneficial to the growth and development of rice seedlings under no-tillage semi-solid state direct seeding,it could effectively improve the quality of rice seedlings and enhance their resistances,the cultivated seedlings could lay a good foundation for high yield of rice in late stage.展开更多
This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of cloud seeding on precipitation and seasonal variations over the Boryeong Dam region,which has the lowest dam storage in South Korea,based on a one-year numerical simul...This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of cloud seeding on precipitation and seasonal variations over the Boryeong Dam region,which has the lowest dam storage in South Korea,based on a one-year numerical simulation for2021.The Morrison microphysics scheme in the WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)model was modified to estimate differences in precipitation between simulations with seeding materials(Ag I and Ca Cl2;SEED)and without them(UNSD).The effect of cloud seeding on increasing precipitation or artificial rainfall(AR)between the two simulations was highest in August(average:0.21 mm;31%of the SEED-simulated monthly mean)and lowest in January(average:0.003 mm;30%).This large AR may be attributable to a combination of abundant moisture from the summer monsoon climate and enhanced cloud droplet growth resulting from cloud seeding.In the analysis of seasonal representative cases,cloud seeding demonstrated more pronounced effects in spring and summer,with mean 180-min accumulated AR values of 0.46 and 0.43 mm,respectively,within the study area.In the spring,where an actual flight experiment was conducted,the simulated mean180-min accumulated AR(1.41 mm)in the flight experiment area was close to the observed value(1.61 mm)for the same area.Additionally,cloud seeding promoted the hygroscopic growth of water vapor,thereby reducing the cloud water mixing ratio and increasing the rain water mixing ratio.Seasonal cross-sectional analysis further highlighted the impact of cloud seeding on changes in these two mixing ratios,with the most pronounced effects observed in spring and summer.展开更多
In order to study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on seedling emergence and grain yield, field experiment was conducted to investi- gate the effects of straw mechanized returning and different ...In order to study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on seedling emergence and grain yield, field experiment was conducted to investi- gate the effects of straw mechanized returning and different seeding patterns on e- mergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits of wheat after rice. The results were as follows： in rice straw removal treatments, the emergence rate of mechani- cal seeding in drill was lower than that of mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing, which were 51.84%, 90.89% and 88.87%, respectively; the emer- gence uniformity of manual broadcast sowing was inferior to mechanical seeding in drill and mechanical uniform planting, which were 0.49, 0.26 and 0.23, respectively. As for the treatments with rice straw returning to the field, the emergence rate and emergence uniformity all decreased in the three seeding patterns, of which mechan- ical seeding in drill dropped markedly with emergence rate decreased by 36.54%. The emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting pan- icle, grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight. The grain yield for the treatment with rice straw removal was 6 091.34 kg/hm2, while that with rice straw returning to field was 6 476.20 kg/hm2, and both were higher than the yields of the other two seed- ing patterns. Therefore, mechanical uniform planting was？recommended for its higher emergence rate, better emergence uniformity, which was conductive to increase grain yield in wheat after rice production with rice straw returning to field.展开更多
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of fulvic acid on the growth and yield components of direct seeding rice （Nanjing 44）. MethodThe rice seeds were soaked in 0 （water as a control）, 1, 2, 4 and 6 ...ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of fulvic acid on the growth and yield components of direct seeding rice （Nanjing 44）. MethodThe rice seeds were soaked in 0 （water as a control）, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/L fulvic acid （FA） before sowed. Then, the rice morphological indices, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis parameters, root activity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in the following field studies. ResultCompared with the control, the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and dry matter weight and some fluorescence parameters such as the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II （PSII） （Fv/Fm）, excitation energy capture efficiency of opened PSII reaction center （Fv’/Fm’） and efficiency of the open reaction centre （ΦPS II） increased by different levels at both jointing stage and heading stage of direct seeding rice, whose seeds were soaked by FA with different concentrations. High FA concentration （4-6 g/L） significantly increased the cultivated rice leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and dry matter weight by 10.32% -22.88% , 5.88% -13.11% , 12.16% -26.84% , 11.43% -88.46% , 10.63% -21.63% , 18.49% -19.68% , respectively, thereby improving the physiological function and light energy transform efficiency of rice at the growth stage. With FA concentration increasing, the yield, effective panicles, grain number per panicle and seed setting rate were increased significantly compared with the control by 17.52%-18.71%, 3.46%-3.85%, 6.30%- 6.51% and 7.82%-8.69% respectively. ConclusionSoaking rice seed with FA could be considered as an effective way to improve the rice competitiveness at early growth stage.展开更多
In the east of Hunan Province, the research introduced new-type special controI ed-reIease fertiIizer for rapeseed, ＂Yishizhuang＂, and expIored its appIications in direct-seeding of rapeseed production. The resuIts ...In the east of Hunan Province, the research introduced new-type special controI ed-reIease fertiIizer for rapeseed, ＂Yishizhuang＂, and expIored its appIications in direct-seeding of rapeseed production. The resuIts showed that the appIication of special controI ed reIease fertiIizer for rapeseeds avoids earIy decIine of rapeseed resuIting from fertiIizer Ioss by one-off appIication, improves the number of green Ieaf before winter, and extends photosynthetic Iifespan of pods, which significantIy increases yields. What＆#39; more, with higher output-input ratio, the fertiIizer takes ad-vantages in saving cost, Iabor and increasing yield.展开更多
Hybrid rice Xinhunyou No. 6 could be cultivated by mixing male and fe- male parents and performing seedling raising followed by transplanting, mechanical planting or mechanical direct seeding according to the producti...Hybrid rice Xinhunyou No. 6 could be cultivated by mixing male and fe- male parents and performing seedling raising followed by transplanting, mechanical planting or mechanical direct seeding according to the production methods of com- mercial rice. During flowering stage, leaf cutting, application of ＂920＂ and pollination were conducted; after pollination, bentazon with a certain concentration was sprayed to kill the male parent; and the hybrid rice was harvested mechanically. Before storage, color separation was performed to remove little remaining male parent, thereby achieving whole-process mechanization of hybrid rice seed production. This study introduced mechanized seed production of Xinhunyou No. 6 through mixed- seeding from the aspects including mechanical direct seeding, seeding raising fol- lowed by transplanting and mechanical planting.展开更多
[Objective] The experiment was conducted to study suitable date of seed- ing and density of spring potato at the stock breeding base in Ebian County at an elevation of 1 200 to 1 500 m. [Methods] Virus-free Potato ＂C...[Objective] The experiment was conducted to study suitable date of seed- ing and density of spring potato at the stock breeding base in Ebian County at an elevation of 1 200 to 1 500 m. [Methods] Virus-free Potato ＂Chuanyu 13＂ was used as material to study the effects of date of seeding and density on growing period, germination rate, yield and water use efficiency of spring potato in the field. [Result] With the postponement of date of seeding, the days from sowing to germination shortened, while the germination rate, the number of tubers per plant, the number of middle and small tubers in a group, yield and water use efficiency all increased. Planting density had no effects on the days from sowing to germination and the ger- mination rate, while the number of tubers per ptant, the number of middle and small tubers in a group, yield and water use efficiency increased significantly along with the increasing planting density. [Conclusion] At an elevation of 1 200 m to 1 250 m in Ebian County, the suitable date of seeding for potato was from February 9 to March 1, and the suitable planting density was 12×10^4 plants per hm^2, however, in the optimum planting density has not been found so that it needs further research,展开更多
探讨基于“三全育人”教育理念的护理本科生SEED数字化学风建设,即以学风(style of study)建设为核心,教育(education)为驱动,在线学习(e-learning)为衔接,数字化(digitization)手段为支撑。通过数字化技术整合教育资源,优化学生的学习...探讨基于“三全育人”教育理念的护理本科生SEED数字化学风建设,即以学风(style of study)建设为核心,教育(education)为驱动,在线学习(e-learning)为衔接,数字化(digitization)手段为支撑。通过数字化技术整合教育资源,优化学生的学习行为,推动全员参与、全过程管理和全方位覆盖的学风建设模式,以提升护理本科生的学习投入度和信息素养为主要目标,为护理教育提供新的实践路径。展开更多
The shift from seedling transplanting to direct-seeding cultivation in rice demands robust root systems for early seedling establishment and yield stability.While the pleiotropic gene OsSP3(also designated TAC4 or SG2...The shift from seedling transplanting to direct-seeding cultivation in rice demands robust root systems for early seedling establishment and yield stability.While the pleiotropic gene OsSP3(also designated TAC4 or SG2)is known to regulate aboveground traits,including tiller angle,grain size,and panicle development,its function in root morphogenesis remains uncharacterized.展开更多
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practica...Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practical strategies to enhance seedling establishment and early vigor under saline conditions is therefore essential.In this study,we compared two seed-priming agents-1 mM proline and 25 mM NaCl-under identical hydroponic conditions to elucidate tissue-specific responses to 25 mM NaCl stress.Proline priming significantly improved shoot length(by~23%),total chlorophyll content(by~19%),and ascorbate peroxidase(ASPOX)activity.In contrast,NaCl priming enhanced root biomass retention(by~38%)and peroxidase(POD)activity under salinity stress.Both priming treatments induced higher proline accumulation and antioxidant capacity,though with tissue-specific effects:proline favored aboveground resilience,while NaCl strengthened root ionic and oxidative balance.These findings highlight the complementary nature of proline and NaCl priming and support the concept of stress“memory,”whereby plants acquire enhanced readiness to cope with salinity.Integrating such priming strategies into chickpea cultivation could contribute to improved yield stability and sustainability in saline agroecosystems.展开更多
Seaweed extract contains plant growth regulators and bio-stimulants that enhance plant growth and development.In Bangladesh,winter rice(Boro rice)in the nursery bed often shows poor seed emergence and weak seedling gr...Seaweed extract contains plant growth regulators and bio-stimulants that enhance plant growth and development.In Bangladesh,winter rice(Boro rice)in the nursery bed often shows poor seed emergence and weak seedling growth due to low temperature.This problem can be addressed by using seaweed extract as a seed priming agent and bio-stimulant.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of seaweed extract(Crop Plus)on seed emergence,seedling growth,and vigor of winter rice in the nursery.Two experiments were conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University using BRRI dhan89.The laboratory experiment consisted of 17 treatments combining three concentrations of Crop Plus(5000,10,000 and 15,000 ppm)and four priming durations(6,12,18,and 24 h),along with hydro-priming and a no priming as control.Seed priming with 15,000 ppm for 24 h produced the highest germination percentage and superior seedling growth traits.The nursery bed experiment comprised 11 treatments combining two doses(1 mL m^(−2)and 2 mL m^(−2))of Crop Plus and five different foliar application schedules,along with a control.All treatments outperformed the control,with the best results from Crop Plus@2 mL m^(−2)applied at 20 and 30 days after sowing(DAS).Overall,the treatment involving seed priming with 15,000 ppm seaweed extract for 24 h,followed by nursery application at 2 mL m^(−2)at 20 and 30 DAS,resulted in higher germination and improved early growth of winter rice.However,further validation across multiple locations,seasons,and rice cultivars is recommended.展开更多
Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used...Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used for producing activated charcoal and in environmental remediation,their pharmacological potential remains underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition,biological activity,and potential commercial value of seeds from four widely consumed Saharan cultivars(Assiane,Boufegouss,Aziza,and Majhoul)collected in the Figuig region.Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain seed extracts,which were subsequently characterized by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening.The analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,and other secondary metabolites.The Aziza and Boufegouss varieties were particularly rich in flavonoids(82.09-139.61 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g dry matter)and total polyphenols(69.81-1183.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry matter).Mineral profiling confirmed the occurrence of essential trace elements,including Zn,Cu,Fe,and Co.To investigate their antidiabetic potential,in vitro assays ofα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were performed.Acetone extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes,suggesting a promising role of P.dactylifera seed extracts as natural agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
High temperature stress (HT) significantly reduces maize yield by impairing starch accumulation in kernels.However,the mechanism by which HT affects starch synthesis remains controversial-whether through reduced assim...High temperature stress (HT) significantly reduces maize yield by impairing starch accumulation in kernels.However,the mechanism by which HT affects starch synthesis remains controversial-whether through reduced assimilate supply or direct inhibition on kernel metabolism.To clarify these mechanisms,a heat-sensitive maize hybrid,Xianyu 335 (XY),was exposed to 30℃/20℃ (maximum/minimum temperature,control) and 40℃/30℃ for seven consecutive days during the seed setting stage.Synchronous pollination (SP),apical pollination (AP),and shading treatments were applied to manipulate the inherent source–sink ratio in maize plants.Results showed that apical kernel weight decreased by 11.9%under 40℃ in the SP treatment.The ^(13)C content,starch accumulation,and cell-wall invertase (CWIN) activity also declined by 15.9,36.7,and 16.4%,respectively,under HT.In the shading treatment,40℃/30℃ caused even greater reductions in^(13)C content,starch accumulation,and CWIN activity due to diminished assimilate supply.Conversely,in the AP treatment,starch content and CWIN activity increased by 22.0 and 18.5%,respectively,under 40℃/30℃,resulting in kernel weight and ^(13)C content similar to those in SP and shading treatments regardless of temperature.Consistent with apical kernels under AP,HT did not negatively affect middle kernels in either SP or shading treatments,as kernel weight and starch content remained unchanged under HT.Although all kernels were exposed to the same HT or control environment,their responses varied a lot.The impaired starch synthesis in apical kernels under HT was rescued by increasing carbon supply via AP treatment.The contrasting performance among middle kernels,apical kernels under AP,and apical kernels under SP or shading indicates that reduced carbon supply is a critical factor underlying inhibited starch accumulation.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further understanding kernel abortion under HT.展开更多
[Objectives]To provide a reference for the efficient use of wild Paeonia suffruticosa germplasm resources and the scientific selection of parents.[Methods]This study systematically evaluated cross-compatibility by con...[Objectives]To provide a reference for the efficient use of wild Paeonia suffruticosa germplasm resources and the scientific selection of parents.[Methods]This study systematically evaluated cross-compatibility by conducting interspecific crosses among the major wild species subsect.Delavayanae(Paeonia delavayi,Paeonia lutea,Paeonia potaninii,and Paeonia ludlowii)as well as reciprocal crosses between these species and cultivated varieties from the subsect.Vaginatae.[Results]Crosses among P.delavayi,P.lutea,and P.potaninii generally exhibited good seed set,with the resulting seeds showing a high emergence rate.In contrast,crosses involving P.ludlowii as a parent produced only a limited number of seeds,none of which germinated.In crosses with cultivated varieties where the wild species served as the maternal parent,the average seed set ranked as follows:P.lutea>P.delavayi>P.ludlowii>P.potaninii.When wild species were used as paternal parent,the average seed set ranked as follows:P.potaninii>P.lutea>P.delavayi>P.ludlowii.On the whole,most crosses between wild species of subsect.Delavayanae and cultivated varieties achieved normal seed set,demonstrating a certain degree of cross-compatibility.However,when the wild species served as the maternal parent,both the seed set and seedling emergence rate were superior to those in the reciprocal crosses(with wild species as the paternal parent).[Conclusions]Significant differences in cross-compatibility were observed among species within Paeonia subsect.Delavayanae.In addition,a significant maternal effect was identified in crosses between wild species of this subsection and cultivated varieties.These findings suggest that by selecting highly compatible combinations,there remains considerable potential for utilizing these wild species in peony breeding.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Method:A total of 80 patients with LDH were randomly di...Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Method:A total of 80 patients with LDH were randomly divided into two groups.The combined group received auricular acupuncture with seed application combined with Chinese herbal poultice therapy,while the reference group received auricular acupuncture with seed application alone.The therapeutic outcomes of both groups were compared.Results:The combined intervention group demonstrated decreased sleep quality scores,reduced pain neurotransmitter levels,and improved lumbar spine function scores post-intervention,with significant intergroup differences(p<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice care effectively improves sleep quality and lumbar spine function while alleviating pain perception in patients with lumbar disc herniation,indicating superior therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).Ho...Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).展开更多
Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)...Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)) and three seeding rates(SR67.5,SR90,and SR112.5) to determine suitable sowing date and seeding rate for high wheat yield.A large seasonal variation in accumulated temperature from sowing to winter dormancy was observed among three growing seasons.Suitable sowing dates for strong seedlings before winter varied with the seasons,that was SD2 in 2012–2013,SD3 in 2013–2014,and SD2 as well as SD1 in 2014–2015.Seasonal variation in precipitation during summer fallow also had substantial effects on soil water storage,and consequently influenced grain yield through soil water consumption from winter dormancy to maturity stages.Lower consumption of soil water from winter dormancy to booting stages could make more water available for productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,leading to higher grain yield.SD2 combined with SR90 had the lowest soil water consumption from winter dormancy to booting stages in 2012–2013 and 2014–2015; while in 2013–2014,it was close to that with SR67.5 or SR112.5.For productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,SD2 with SR90 had the highest soil water consumption in all three seasons.The highest water consumption in the productive growth period resulted in the best grain yield in both low and high rainfall years.Ear number largely contributed to the seasonal variation in grain yield,while grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight also contributed to grain yield,especially when soil water storage was high.Our results indicate that sowing date and seeding rate affect grain yield through seedling development before winter and also affect soil water consumption in different growth periods.By selecting the suitable sowing date(1 October) in combination with the proper seeding rate of 90 kg ha–1,the best yield was achieved.Based on these results,we recommend that the current sowing date be delayed from 22 or 23 September to 1 October.展开更多
The field experiments were conducted to investigate the growth and physiological responses of six super hybrid rice combinations to two planting methods, transplanting （TP） and direct seeding （DS） during 2006-2007...The field experiments were conducted to investigate the growth and physiological responses of six super hybrid rice combinations to two planting methods, transplanting （TP） and direct seeding （DS） during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The 1000-grain weight and number of tillers per plant at the early growth stage, the maximum quantum yield of PSII （Fv/Fm） and transpiration rate （Tr） were higher in DS plants than in TP ones, whereas the grain yield, number of panicles per square meter, seed setting rate, net photosynthetic rate （Po） and stomatal conductance were lower in DS plants. However, little difference was detected in number of grains per panicle, stem （shoot） and leaf weight between the combinations in the two planting methods. The responses of plant growth and physiological traits to planting method differed greatly among the six combinations. In both planting methods, Chouyou 58 and Yongyou 6 had the highest and lowest panicle biomass and Pn, respectively. The higher yield of Chunyou 58 was associated with more numbers of panicles per square meter and grains per panicle in both planting methods. The results indicate that lower grain yield in DS relative to TP is attributed to more excessive tillers at the early stage, lower leaf biomass and photosynthetic rate at the late stage.展开更多
Field trials on a silt-loamy paddy soil derived from shallow-sea deposit in direct seeding rice fields were conducted in Zhejiang, China, in 1996 to compare N efficiency of controlled release fertilizers (LP fertilize...Field trials on a silt-loamy paddy soil derived from shallow-sea deposit in direct seeding rice fields were conducted in Zhejiang, China, in 1996 to compare N efficiency of controlled release fertilizers (LP fertilizers) with the conventional urea. Six treatments including CK (no N fertilizer), conventional urea and different types of LP fertilizers at different rates were designed for two succeeding crops of early and late rice. A blend of different types of LP fertilizers as a single preplant "co-situs" application released N in a rate and amount synchronizing with uptake pattern of direct seeding rice. A single preplant application of the LP fertilizers could meet the N requirement of rice for the whole growth period without need of topdressing. Using LP fertilizer blends, equivalent grain yields could be maintained even if the N fertilization rates were reduced by 25%～50% compared with the conventional urea. Agronomic efficiency of the LP fertilizers was 13.6%～ 86.4% higher than that of the conventional urea in early rice and 100%～164.1% in late rice, depending on the amounts of the LP fertilizers applied. N fertilizer recovery rate increased from 27.4% for the conventional application of urea to 41.7%～54.l% for the single preplant "co-situs" application of the LP fertilizers. Use of the LP fertilizers was promising if the increase in production costs due to the high LP fertilizer prices could be compensated by increase in yield and N efficiency, reduction in labor costs and improvement in environment.展开更多
Double-seed sowing(two seeds per hole)is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China,but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation.Besides,the traditional double-seed sowing meth...Double-seed sowing(two seeds per hole)is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China,but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation.Besides,the traditional double-seed sowing method does not facilitate mechanization during sowing.The objective of this study was to determine if single-seed sowing at a proper seeding rate yielded better than traditional double-seed sowing pattern and the differences of physiological metabolism of roots.A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years to compare pod yields of single-seed sowing at 180000(S180),225000(S225),and 270000 seeds ha^-1(S270)with that of double-seed sowing at 270000 seeds ha^-1(D270)using a completely randomized block design with four replications.And the root bleeding sap rate,nutrient content,and the main hormone contents in root bleeding sap were also comparatively investigated.Although the pod yields of single-seed sowing at the three densities were higher than that of traditional double-seed sowing(D270),S225 yielded better than the other two single-seed sowing treatments(S180 and S270).The increased pod yield in single-seed sowing at 225000 seeds ha^-1 was mainly due to the higher pod dry weight per plant and harvest index.The improved pod dry weight and shoot growth had closely relationship with the enhanced root physiological traits such as the increased root bleeding sap rate,content of free amino acids,soluble sugars,K^+,Mg^2+,Zn^2+,and Ca^2+of the individual plant root.The improved activity of root reductive,nitrate reductase(NR)and ATPase and higher zeatin and zeatin riboside(Z+ZR)content of root bleeding sap were alsocrucial to the pod and shoot growth of peanut.Single-seed sowing at a moderate seeding rate(S225)is a potential practice to increase pod yield and to save seed cost.展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2013 BAD07B11)Scientific Research and Innovation Project for Postgraduate of Hunan(CX2015B233)~~
文摘With early rice variety Zhongzao 39 as test material,this paper investigated the effects of organic fertilizer application rate on seedling quality under no-tillage semi-solid state direct seeding.The results showed that the seedling quality of no-tillage semi-solid direct seeding was better than that of traditional direct seeding,and different application rates of organic fertilizer under no-tillage semi-solid direct seeding also had signi ficant effects on seedling emergence rate,dry matter weight in ground and underground,stem base width,root activity,chlorophyll content and seedling growth index of rice seedlings.When the organic fertilizer dosage was A4(0.10∶1),it was most beneficial to the growth and development of rice seedlings under no-tillage semi-solid state direct seeding,it could effectively improve the quality of rice seedlings and enhance their resistances,the cultivated seedlings could lay a good foundation for high yield of rice in late stage.
基金funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program“Research on Weather Modification and Cloud Physics”(Grant No.KMA2018-00224)supported by Korea Institute of Marine Science&Technology Promotion(KIMST)funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries,Korea(RS-202502217872)supported by an NRF grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant No.NRF2023R1A2C1002367)。
文摘This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of cloud seeding on precipitation and seasonal variations over the Boryeong Dam region,which has the lowest dam storage in South Korea,based on a one-year numerical simulation for2021.The Morrison microphysics scheme in the WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)model was modified to estimate differences in precipitation between simulations with seeding materials(Ag I and Ca Cl2;SEED)and without them(UNSD).The effect of cloud seeding on increasing precipitation or artificial rainfall(AR)between the two simulations was highest in August(average:0.21 mm;31%of the SEED-simulated monthly mean)and lowest in January(average:0.003 mm;30%).This large AR may be attributable to a combination of abundant moisture from the summer monsoon climate and enhanced cloud droplet growth resulting from cloud seeding.In the analysis of seasonal representative cases,cloud seeding demonstrated more pronounced effects in spring and summer,with mean 180-min accumulated AR values of 0.46 and 0.43 mm,respectively,within the study area.In the spring,where an actual flight experiment was conducted,the simulated mean180-min accumulated AR(1.41 mm)in the flight experiment area was close to the observed value(1.61 mm)for the same area.Additionally,cloud seeding promoted the hygroscopic growth of water vapor,thereby reducing the cloud water mixing ratio and increasing the rain water mixing ratio.Seasonal cross-sectional analysis further highlighted the impact of cloud seeding on changes in these two mixing ratios,with the most pronounced effects observed in spring and summer.
文摘In order to study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on seedling emergence and grain yield, field experiment was conducted to investi- gate the effects of straw mechanized returning and different seeding patterns on e- mergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits of wheat after rice. The results were as follows： in rice straw removal treatments, the emergence rate of mechani- cal seeding in drill was lower than that of mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing, which were 51.84%, 90.89% and 88.87%, respectively; the emer- gence uniformity of manual broadcast sowing was inferior to mechanical seeding in drill and mechanical uniform planting, which were 0.49, 0.26 and 0.23, respectively. As for the treatments with rice straw returning to the field, the emergence rate and emergence uniformity all decreased in the three seeding patterns, of which mechan- ical seeding in drill dropped markedly with emergence rate decreased by 36.54%. The emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting pan- icle, grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight. The grain yield for the treatment with rice straw removal was 6 091.34 kg/hm2, while that with rice straw returning to field was 6 476.20 kg/hm2, and both were higher than the yields of the other two seed- ing patterns. Therefore, mechanical uniform planting was？recommended for its higher emergence rate, better emergence uniformity, which was conductive to increase grain yield in wheat after rice production with rice straw returning to field.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303022)National Key Technology Research and Development Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(2012BAD19B02)~~
文摘ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of fulvic acid on the growth and yield components of direct seeding rice （Nanjing 44）. MethodThe rice seeds were soaked in 0 （water as a control）, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/L fulvic acid （FA） before sowed. Then, the rice morphological indices, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis parameters, root activity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in the following field studies. ResultCompared with the control, the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and dry matter weight and some fluorescence parameters such as the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II （PSII） （Fv/Fm）, excitation energy capture efficiency of opened PSII reaction center （Fv’/Fm’） and efficiency of the open reaction centre （ΦPS II） increased by different levels at both jointing stage and heading stage of direct seeding rice, whose seeds were soaked by FA with different concentrations. High FA concentration （4-6 g/L） significantly increased the cultivated rice leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and dry matter weight by 10.32% -22.88% , 5.88% -13.11% , 12.16% -26.84% , 11.43% -88.46% , 10.63% -21.63% , 18.49% -19.68% , respectively, thereby improving the physiological function and light energy transform efficiency of rice at the growth stage. With FA concentration increasing, the yield, effective panicles, grain number per panicle and seed setting rate were increased significantly compared with the control by 17.52%-18.71%, 3.46%-3.85%, 6.30%- 6.51% and 7.82%-8.69% respectively. ConclusionSoaking rice seed with FA could be considered as an effective way to improve the rice competitiveness at early growth stage.
基金Supported by Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-13)National Agricultural Science Technology Achievement Transformation Fund(2014GB2D200211)~~
文摘In the east of Hunan Province, the research introduced new-type special controI ed-reIease fertiIizer for rapeseed, ＂Yishizhuang＂, and expIored its appIications in direct-seeding of rapeseed production. The resuIts showed that the appIication of special controI ed reIease fertiIizer for rapeseeds avoids earIy decIine of rapeseed resuIting from fertiIizer Ioss by one-off appIication, improves the number of green Ieaf before winter, and extends photosynthetic Iifespan of pods, which significantIy increases yields. What＆#39; more, with higher output-input ratio, the fertiIizer takes ad-vantages in saving cost, Iabor and increasing yield.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Team of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(15C0108)Subject Construction Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(14A0102)Science and Technology Support Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(2012BAD07B01-3)~~
文摘Hybrid rice Xinhunyou No. 6 could be cultivated by mixing male and fe- male parents and performing seedling raising followed by transplanting, mechanical planting or mechanical direct seeding according to the production methods of com- mercial rice. During flowering stage, leaf cutting, application of ＂920＂ and pollination were conducted; after pollination, bentazon with a certain concentration was sprayed to kill the male parent; and the hybrid rice was harvested mechanically. Before storage, color separation was performed to remove little remaining male parent, thereby achieving whole-process mechanization of hybrid rice seed production. This study introduced mechanized seed production of Xinhunyou No. 6 through mixed- seeding from the aspects including mechanical direct seeding, seeding raising fol- lowed by transplanting and mechanical planting.
基金Supported by Project of Propagation of Improved Potatoes,Project of CropsLivestock and Poultry Breeding in 12th Five-Year Plan of Sichuan ProvinceTeam Project of Sichuan Potato Innovation under National Modern Industrial and Technological System~~
文摘[Objective] The experiment was conducted to study suitable date of seed- ing and density of spring potato at the stock breeding base in Ebian County at an elevation of 1 200 to 1 500 m. [Methods] Virus-free Potato ＂Chuanyu 13＂ was used as material to study the effects of date of seeding and density on growing period, germination rate, yield and water use efficiency of spring potato in the field. [Result] With the postponement of date of seeding, the days from sowing to germination shortened, while the germination rate, the number of tubers per plant, the number of middle and small tubers in a group, yield and water use efficiency all increased. Planting density had no effects on the days from sowing to germination and the ger- mination rate, while the number of tubers per ptant, the number of middle and small tubers in a group, yield and water use efficiency increased significantly along with the increasing planting density. [Conclusion] At an elevation of 1 200 m to 1 250 m in Ebian County, the suitable date of seeding for potato was from February 9 to March 1, and the suitable planting density was 12×10^4 plants per hm^2, however, in the optimum planting density has not been found so that it needs further research,
文摘探讨基于“三全育人”教育理念的护理本科生SEED数字化学风建设,即以学风(style of study)建设为核心,教育(education)为驱动,在线学习(e-learning)为衔接,数字化(digitization)手段为支撑。通过数字化技术整合教育资源,优化学生的学习行为,推动全员参与、全过程管理和全方位覆盖的学风建设模式,以提升护理本科生的学习投入度和信息素养为主要目标,为护理教育提供新的实践路径。
基金funded by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C02063-5)the Key Research and Development Projects of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.ZDYF2023XDNY086)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Hazard Factors and Risk Prevention and Control of Agricultural Products Jointly Constructed by the Ministry and the Province,China(Grant No.2010DS700124)the Zhejiang Province Vanguard Leading Goose Project,China(Grant Nos.2023C02055 and 2022C02034)the Jiaxing Nanhu District Science and Technology Plan Project,China(Grant No.2023017).
文摘The shift from seedling transplanting to direct-seeding cultivation in rice demands robust root systems for early seedling establishment and yield stability.While the pleiotropic gene OsSP3(also designated TAC4 or SG2)is known to regulate aboveground traits,including tiller angle,grain size,and panicle development,its function in root morphogenesis remains uncharacterized.
文摘Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)productivity,particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinization is intensifying.Developing cost-effective and practical strategies to enhance seedling establishment and early vigor under saline conditions is therefore essential.In this study,we compared two seed-priming agents-1 mM proline and 25 mM NaCl-under identical hydroponic conditions to elucidate tissue-specific responses to 25 mM NaCl stress.Proline priming significantly improved shoot length(by~23%),total chlorophyll content(by~19%),and ascorbate peroxidase(ASPOX)activity.In contrast,NaCl priming enhanced root biomass retention(by~38%)and peroxidase(POD)activity under salinity stress.Both priming treatments induced higher proline accumulation and antioxidant capacity,though with tissue-specific effects:proline favored aboveground resilience,while NaCl strengthened root ionic and oxidative balance.These findings highlight the complementary nature of proline and NaCl priming and support the concept of stress“memory,”whereby plants acquire enhanced readiness to cope with salinity.Integrating such priming strategies into chickpea cultivation could contribute to improved yield stability and sustainability in saline agroecosystems.
基金funded by Bangladesh Agricultural University Research System(BAURES)through the Project No.2024/48/BAU.
文摘Seaweed extract contains plant growth regulators and bio-stimulants that enhance plant growth and development.In Bangladesh,winter rice(Boro rice)in the nursery bed often shows poor seed emergence and weak seedling growth due to low temperature.This problem can be addressed by using seaweed extract as a seed priming agent and bio-stimulant.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of seaweed extract(Crop Plus)on seed emergence,seedling growth,and vigor of winter rice in the nursery.Two experiments were conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University using BRRI dhan89.The laboratory experiment consisted of 17 treatments combining three concentrations of Crop Plus(5000,10,000 and 15,000 ppm)and four priming durations(6,12,18,and 24 h),along with hydro-priming and a no priming as control.Seed priming with 15,000 ppm for 24 h produced the highest germination percentage and superior seedling growth traits.The nursery bed experiment comprised 11 treatments combining two doses(1 mL m^(−2)and 2 mL m^(−2))of Crop Plus and five different foliar application schedules,along with a control.All treatments outperformed the control,with the best results from Crop Plus@2 mL m^(−2)applied at 20 and 30 days after sowing(DAS).Overall,the treatment involving seed priming with 15,000 ppm seaweed extract for 24 h,followed by nursery application at 2 mL m^(−2)at 20 and 30 DAS,resulted in higher germination and improved early growth of winter rice.However,further validation across multiple locations,seasons,and rice cultivars is recommended.
文摘Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used for producing activated charcoal and in environmental remediation,their pharmacological potential remains underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition,biological activity,and potential commercial value of seeds from four widely consumed Saharan cultivars(Assiane,Boufegouss,Aziza,and Majhoul)collected in the Figuig region.Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain seed extracts,which were subsequently characterized by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening.The analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,and other secondary metabolites.The Aziza and Boufegouss varieties were particularly rich in flavonoids(82.09-139.61 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g dry matter)and total polyphenols(69.81-1183.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry matter).Mineral profiling confirmed the occurrence of essential trace elements,including Zn,Cu,Fe,and Co.To investigate their antidiabetic potential,in vitro assays ofα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were performed.Acetone extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes,suggesting a promising role of P.dactylifera seed extracts as natural agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071978)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2300901 and 2022YFD2300905)。
文摘High temperature stress (HT) significantly reduces maize yield by impairing starch accumulation in kernels.However,the mechanism by which HT affects starch synthesis remains controversial-whether through reduced assimilate supply or direct inhibition on kernel metabolism.To clarify these mechanisms,a heat-sensitive maize hybrid,Xianyu 335 (XY),was exposed to 30℃/20℃ (maximum/minimum temperature,control) and 40℃/30℃ for seven consecutive days during the seed setting stage.Synchronous pollination (SP),apical pollination (AP),and shading treatments were applied to manipulate the inherent source–sink ratio in maize plants.Results showed that apical kernel weight decreased by 11.9%under 40℃ in the SP treatment.The ^(13)C content,starch accumulation,and cell-wall invertase (CWIN) activity also declined by 15.9,36.7,and 16.4%,respectively,under HT.In the shading treatment,40℃/30℃ caused even greater reductions in^(13)C content,starch accumulation,and CWIN activity due to diminished assimilate supply.Conversely,in the AP treatment,starch content and CWIN activity increased by 22.0 and 18.5%,respectively,under 40℃/30℃,resulting in kernel weight and ^(13)C content similar to those in SP and shading treatments regardless of temperature.Consistent with apical kernels under AP,HT did not negatively affect middle kernels in either SP or shading treatments,as kernel weight and starch content remained unchanged under HT.Although all kernels were exposed to the same HT or control environment,their responses varied a lot.The impaired starch synthesis in apical kernels under HT was rescued by increasing carbon supply via AP treatment.The contrasting performance among middle kernels,apical kernels under AP,and apical kernels under SP or shading indicates that reduced carbon supply is a critical factor underlying inhibited starch accumulation.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further understanding kernel abortion under HT.
文摘[Objectives]To provide a reference for the efficient use of wild Paeonia suffruticosa germplasm resources and the scientific selection of parents.[Methods]This study systematically evaluated cross-compatibility by conducting interspecific crosses among the major wild species subsect.Delavayanae(Paeonia delavayi,Paeonia lutea,Paeonia potaninii,and Paeonia ludlowii)as well as reciprocal crosses between these species and cultivated varieties from the subsect.Vaginatae.[Results]Crosses among P.delavayi,P.lutea,and P.potaninii generally exhibited good seed set,with the resulting seeds showing a high emergence rate.In contrast,crosses involving P.ludlowii as a parent produced only a limited number of seeds,none of which germinated.In crosses with cultivated varieties where the wild species served as the maternal parent,the average seed set ranked as follows:P.lutea>P.delavayi>P.ludlowii>P.potaninii.When wild species were used as paternal parent,the average seed set ranked as follows:P.potaninii>P.lutea>P.delavayi>P.ludlowii.On the whole,most crosses between wild species of subsect.Delavayanae and cultivated varieties achieved normal seed set,demonstrating a certain degree of cross-compatibility.However,when the wild species served as the maternal parent,both the seed set and seedling emergence rate were superior to those in the reciprocal crosses(with wild species as the paternal parent).[Conclusions]Significant differences in cross-compatibility were observed among species within Paeonia subsect.Delavayanae.In addition,a significant maternal effect was identified in crosses between wild species of this subsection and cultivated varieties.These findings suggest that by selecting highly compatible combinations,there remains considerable potential for utilizing these wild species in peony breeding.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Method:A total of 80 patients with LDH were randomly divided into two groups.The combined group received auricular acupuncture with seed application combined with Chinese herbal poultice therapy,while the reference group received auricular acupuncture with seed application alone.The therapeutic outcomes of both groups were compared.Results:The combined intervention group demonstrated decreased sleep quality scores,reduced pain neurotransmitter levels,and improved lumbar spine function scores post-intervention,with significant intergroup differences(p<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular seed therapy combined with Chinese herbal poultice care effectively improves sleep quality and lumbar spine function while alleviating pain perception in patients with lumbar disc herniation,indicating superior therapeutic efficacy.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Program,China (20240602032RC)the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZD001)+1 种基金the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZY012)the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission-Project for Improving the Independent Innovation Capacity of Major Grain Crops,China (2024C002)。
文摘Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-0301-24)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771727)+5 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2015BAD23B04-2)The research project was also supported by the Shanxi Scholarship Council,China (2015Key 4)the Shanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project,China (201605D131041)the Jinzhong Science and Technology Plan Project,China (Y172007-2)the Sanjin Scholar Support Special Funds,Chinathe Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China (201503120)
文摘Sowing date and seeding rate are critical for productivity of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).A three-year field experiment was conducted with three sowing dates(20 September(SD1),1 October(SD2),and 10 October(SD3)) and three seeding rates(SR67.5,SR90,and SR112.5) to determine suitable sowing date and seeding rate for high wheat yield.A large seasonal variation in accumulated temperature from sowing to winter dormancy was observed among three growing seasons.Suitable sowing dates for strong seedlings before winter varied with the seasons,that was SD2 in 2012–2013,SD3 in 2013–2014,and SD2 as well as SD1 in 2014–2015.Seasonal variation in precipitation during summer fallow also had substantial effects on soil water storage,and consequently influenced grain yield through soil water consumption from winter dormancy to maturity stages.Lower consumption of soil water from winter dormancy to booting stages could make more water available for productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,leading to higher grain yield.SD2 combined with SR90 had the lowest soil water consumption from winter dormancy to booting stages in 2012–2013 and 2014–2015; while in 2013–2014,it was close to that with SR67.5 or SR112.5.For productive growth from anthesis to maturity stages,SD2 with SR90 had the highest soil water consumption in all three seasons.The highest water consumption in the productive growth period resulted in the best grain yield in both low and high rainfall years.Ear number largely contributed to the seasonal variation in grain yield,while grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight also contributed to grain yield,especially when soil water storage was high.Our results indicate that sowing date and seeding rate affect grain yield through seedling development before winter and also affect soil water consumption in different growth periods.By selecting the suitable sowing date(1 October) in combination with the proper seeding rate of 90 kg ha–1,the best yield was achieved.Based on these results,we recommend that the current sowing date be delayed from 22 or 23 September to 1 October.
基金We appreciate the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang,China for its financial support (Grant No.2005C12024)
文摘The field experiments were conducted to investigate the growth and physiological responses of six super hybrid rice combinations to two planting methods, transplanting （TP） and direct seeding （DS） during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The 1000-grain weight and number of tillers per plant at the early growth stage, the maximum quantum yield of PSII （Fv/Fm） and transpiration rate （Tr） were higher in DS plants than in TP ones, whereas the grain yield, number of panicles per square meter, seed setting rate, net photosynthetic rate （Po） and stomatal conductance were lower in DS plants. However, little difference was detected in number of grains per panicle, stem （shoot） and leaf weight between the combinations in the two planting methods. The responses of plant growth and physiological traits to planting method differed greatly among the six combinations. In both planting methods, Chouyou 58 and Yongyou 6 had the highest and lowest panicle biomass and Pn, respectively. The higher yield of Chunyou 58 was associated with more numbers of panicles per square meter and grains per panicle in both planting methods. The results indicate that lower grain yield in DS relative to TP is attributed to more excessive tillers at the early stage, lower leaf biomass and photosynthetic rate at the late stage.
文摘Field trials on a silt-loamy paddy soil derived from shallow-sea deposit in direct seeding rice fields were conducted in Zhejiang, China, in 1996 to compare N efficiency of controlled release fertilizers (LP fertilizers) with the conventional urea. Six treatments including CK (no N fertilizer), conventional urea and different types of LP fertilizers at different rates were designed for two succeeding crops of early and late rice. A blend of different types of LP fertilizers as a single preplant "co-situs" application released N in a rate and amount synchronizing with uptake pattern of direct seeding rice. A single preplant application of the LP fertilizers could meet the N requirement of rice for the whole growth period without need of topdressing. Using LP fertilizer blends, equivalent grain yields could be maintained even if the N fertilization rates were reduced by 25%～50% compared with the conventional urea. Agronomic efficiency of the LP fertilizers was 13.6%～ 86.4% higher than that of the conventional urea in early rice and 100%～164.1% in late rice, depending on the amounts of the LP fertilizers applied. N fertilizer recovery rate increased from 27.4% for the conventional application of urea to 41.7%～54.l% for the single preplant "co-situs" application of the LP fertilizers. Use of the LP fertilizers was promising if the increase in production costs due to the high LP fertilizer prices could be compensated by increase in yield and N efficiency, reduction in labor costs and improvement in environment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571605,31801276)+5 种基金the Major Basic Research Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(2018GHZ007)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province,China(2018YFJH0601)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2018D04,CXGC2016B03-1)the Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2018E13,CXGC2016B10,CXGC2018F6)the Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project in Shandong Province,China(201706)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)。
文摘Double-seed sowing(two seeds per hole)is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China,but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation.Besides,the traditional double-seed sowing method does not facilitate mechanization during sowing.The objective of this study was to determine if single-seed sowing at a proper seeding rate yielded better than traditional double-seed sowing pattern and the differences of physiological metabolism of roots.A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years to compare pod yields of single-seed sowing at 180000(S180),225000(S225),and 270000 seeds ha^-1(S270)with that of double-seed sowing at 270000 seeds ha^-1(D270)using a completely randomized block design with four replications.And the root bleeding sap rate,nutrient content,and the main hormone contents in root bleeding sap were also comparatively investigated.Although the pod yields of single-seed sowing at the three densities were higher than that of traditional double-seed sowing(D270),S225 yielded better than the other two single-seed sowing treatments(S180 and S270).The increased pod yield in single-seed sowing at 225000 seeds ha^-1 was mainly due to the higher pod dry weight per plant and harvest index.The improved pod dry weight and shoot growth had closely relationship with the enhanced root physiological traits such as the increased root bleeding sap rate,content of free amino acids,soluble sugars,K^+,Mg^2+,Zn^2+,and Ca^2+of the individual plant root.The improved activity of root reductive,nitrate reductase(NR)and ATPase and higher zeatin and zeatin riboside(Z+ZR)content of root bleeding sap were alsocrucial to the pod and shoot growth of peanut.Single-seed sowing at a moderate seeding rate(S225)is a potential practice to increase pod yield and to save seed cost.
