The second law of thermodynamics, i.e. the law stating that the entropy in isolated macroscopic system can never decrease, is tightly connected to the work of the device called perpetual motion machine of second kind....The second law of thermodynamics, i.e. the law stating that the entropy in isolated macroscopic system can never decrease, is tightly connected to the work of the device called perpetual motion machine of second kind. Often this law is also defined as the inability to construct such a device. In the current paper we give complete, independent and consistent definitions of static, stationary and changing physical field. Based on that for the first time we give summarising, correct and complete definitions of natural resource machine and perpetual motion machine of second kind as well as motion machine of second kind in the set of tardyons and luxons. We present a principal structure of a motion machine of second kind using which we show that the Clausius statement and its equivalent statements in the thermodynamics can be violated for a practically big interval-time even under equilibrium fluctuations.展开更多
为应对复杂多变的未知环境对海洋航行器运动预测所造成的挑战,提出了一种融合级联滤波与误差触发支持向量回归(error-triggered support vector regression,ETSVR)的智能预测系统。首先,该系统基于移动平均滤波对原始数据进行预处理,以...为应对复杂多变的未知环境对海洋航行器运动预测所造成的挑战,提出了一种融合级联滤波与误差触发支持向量回归(error-triggered support vector regression,ETSVR)的智能预测系统。首先,该系统基于移动平均滤波对原始数据进行预处理,以剔除异常值并抑制高频噪声,为后续预测提供高质量的数据集;其次,引入二阶扩展卡尔曼滤波对系统状态进行精确估计,进一步增强数据的平稳度和可靠性;最后,设计ETSVR算法对处理后的高质量数据集进行学习,以构建海洋航行器的运动预测模型,实现精准运动预测,并借助误差触发机制提升系统的实时性与计算效率。基于湖试数据的实验结果表明,所提出的智能运动预测系统在多项误差指标上均显著优于传统的线性回归算法。例如,在侧向速度预测中,均方误差较线性回归算法降低约53.2%;在转艏角速度预测中,最大误差减少了约58.2%。这些结果表明,提出的级联滤波与ETSVR算法相结合的智能预测系统,能够显著提升海洋航行器在复杂未知环境中的运动预测精度,具有较好的应用前景和重要的研究意义。展开更多
A systematic method is developed to studY the classical motion of a mass point in gravitational gauge field. First, by using Mathematica, a spherical symmetric solution of the field equation of gravitational gauge fie...A systematic method is developed to studY the classical motion of a mass point in gravitational gauge field. First, by using Mathematica, a spherical symmetric solution of the field equation of gravitational gauge field is obtained, which is just the traditional Schwarzschild solution. Combining the principle of gauge covariance and Newton＇s second law of motion, the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field is deduced. Based on the spherical symmetric solution of the field equation and the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field, we can discuss classical tests of gauge theory of gravity, including the deflection of light by the sun, the precession of the perihelia of the orbits of the inner planets and the time delay of radar echoes passing the sun. It is found that the theoretical predictions of these classical tests given by gauge theory of gravity are completely the same as those given by general relativity.展开更多
Through a higher-order boundary element method based on NURBS （Non-uniform Rational B-splines）, the calculation of second-order low-frequency forces and slow drift motions is conducted for floating bodies. In the fl...Through a higher-order boundary element method based on NURBS （Non-uniform Rational B-splines）, the calculation of second-order low-frequency forces and slow drift motions is conducted for floating bodies. In the floating body＇s inner domain, an auxiliary equation is obtained by applying a Green function which satisfies the solid surface condition. Then, the auxiliary equation and the velocity potential equation are combined in the fluid domain to remove the solid angle coefficient and the singularity of the double layer potentials in the integral equation. Thus, a new velocity potential integral equation is obtained. The new equation is extended to the inner domain to reheve the irregular frequency effects; on the basis of the order analysis, the comparison is made about the contribution of all integral terms with the result in the second-order tow-frequency problem; the higher-order boundary element method based on NURBS is apphed to calculate the geometric position and velocity potentials; the slow drift motions are calculated by the spectrum analysis method. Removing the solid angle coefficient can apply NURBS technology to the hydrodynamic calculation of floating bodies with complex surfaces, and the extended boundary integral method can reduce the irregular frequency effects. Order analysis shows that free surface integral can be neglected, and the numerical results can also prove the correctness of order analysis. The results of second-order low-frequency forces and slow drift motions and the comparison with the results from references show that the application of the NURBS technology to the second-order low-frequency problem is of high efficiency and credible results.展开更多
A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguisha...A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.展开更多
A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguisha...A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.展开更多
文摘The second law of thermodynamics, i.e. the law stating that the entropy in isolated macroscopic system can never decrease, is tightly connected to the work of the device called perpetual motion machine of second kind. Often this law is also defined as the inability to construct such a device. In the current paper we give complete, independent and consistent definitions of static, stationary and changing physical field. Based on that for the first time we give summarising, correct and complete definitions of natural resource machine and perpetual motion machine of second kind as well as motion machine of second kind in the set of tardyons and luxons. We present a principal structure of a motion machine of second kind using which we show that the Clausius statement and its equivalent statements in the thermodynamics can be violated for a practically big interval-time even under equilibrium fluctuations.
文摘为应对复杂多变的未知环境对海洋航行器运动预测所造成的挑战,提出了一种融合级联滤波与误差触发支持向量回归(error-triggered support vector regression,ETSVR)的智能预测系统。首先,该系统基于移动平均滤波对原始数据进行预处理,以剔除异常值并抑制高频噪声,为后续预测提供高质量的数据集;其次,引入二阶扩展卡尔曼滤波对系统状态进行精确估计,进一步增强数据的平稳度和可靠性;最后,设计ETSVR算法对处理后的高质量数据集进行学习,以构建海洋航行器的运动预测模型,实现精准运动预测,并借助误差触发机制提升系统的实时性与计算效率。基于湖试数据的实验结果表明,所提出的智能运动预测系统在多项误差指标上均显著优于传统的线性回归算法。例如,在侧向速度预测中,均方误差较线性回归算法降低约53.2%;在转艏角速度预测中,最大误差减少了约58.2%。这些结果表明,提出的级联滤波与ETSVR算法相结合的智能预测系统,能够显著提升海洋航行器在复杂未知环境中的运动预测精度,具有较好的应用前景和重要的研究意义。
文摘A systematic method is developed to studY the classical motion of a mass point in gravitational gauge field. First, by using Mathematica, a spherical symmetric solution of the field equation of gravitational gauge field is obtained, which is just the traditional Schwarzschild solution. Combining the principle of gauge covariance and Newton＇s second law of motion, the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field is deduced. Based on the spherical symmetric solution of the field equation and the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field, we can discuss classical tests of gauge theory of gravity, including the deflection of light by the sun, the precession of the perihelia of the orbits of the inner planets and the time delay of radar echoes passing the sun. It is found that the theoretical predictions of these classical tests given by gauge theory of gravity are completely the same as those given by general relativity.
文摘Through a higher-order boundary element method based on NURBS （Non-uniform Rational B-splines）, the calculation of second-order low-frequency forces and slow drift motions is conducted for floating bodies. In the floating body＇s inner domain, an auxiliary equation is obtained by applying a Green function which satisfies the solid surface condition. Then, the auxiliary equation and the velocity potential equation are combined in the fluid domain to remove the solid angle coefficient and the singularity of the double layer potentials in the integral equation. Thus, a new velocity potential integral equation is obtained. The new equation is extended to the inner domain to reheve the irregular frequency effects; on the basis of the order analysis, the comparison is made about the contribution of all integral terms with the result in the second-order tow-frequency problem; the higher-order boundary element method based on NURBS is apphed to calculate the geometric position and velocity potentials; the slow drift motions are calculated by the spectrum analysis method. Removing the solid angle coefficient can apply NURBS technology to the hydrodynamic calculation of floating bodies with complex surfaces, and the extended boundary integral method can reduce the irregular frequency effects. Order analysis shows that free surface integral can be neglected, and the numerical results can also prove the correctness of order analysis. The results of second-order low-frequency forces and slow drift motions and the comparison with the results from references show that the application of the NURBS technology to the second-order low-frequency problem is of high efficiency and credible results.
文摘A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.
文摘A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.
