China’s family planning policy is back in the spotlight.Guangdong, the country’s most populous province according to the latest population census,has officially applied to the Central Government for permission for i...China’s family planning policy is back in the spotlight.Guangdong, the country’s most populous province according to the latest population census,has officially applied to the Central Government for permission for it lifting family planning restrictions.If the application is approved,couples in which either the husband or wife is an only child will be allowed to have a second child,according to Zhang Feng, family planning chief in Guangdong.展开更多
The relaxation of fertility policy in China makes it possible to observe and under-stand the patterns of childbearing behavior in low fertility settings.This paper takes Shanghai,a city with ultra-low fertility over t...The relaxation of fertility policy in China makes it possible to observe and under-stand the patterns of childbearing behavior in low fertility settings.This paper takes Shanghai,a city with ultra-low fertility over the long term,as an example to analyze families who have had a second child since the adjustment of China’s fertility policy.The paper reports the major results of a survey of couples with Shanghai house-hold registration(hukou)who have had a second child,and makes comparisons with other relevant survey.It seeks to answer the question"Who are the couples giving birth to second child?"The results show that most of the women who have had a second child after implementation of the Selective Two-child Policy in 2014 were born in the late 1970s and 1980s.Couples who had higher education levels and higher incomes,and in which the woman worked as a full-time housewife or worked in a less intense job with scheduling flexibility were more likely to have a second child.The ability of a couple to get help from their own parents for childcare,and the gender of the first child also affected the decision to have a second child.This study reveals that couples who have a second child tend to be those with better than average childcare resources.This suggests that formulating reasonable public poli-cies aimed at reducing the cost of childbearing and childrearing would be an effec-tive way to further release fertility potential.展开更多
The 13 th Five-Year Plan(2016─2020), with the balanced development of population being the core element, is crucial for China. The superimposed effect of an aging population and low birthrate leading to a reduction i...The 13 th Five-Year Plan(2016─2020), with the balanced development of population being the core element, is crucial for China. The superimposed effect of an aging population and low birthrate leading to a reduction in the labor supply would have a fundamental influence on the long term balanced development of China's population, implying that China's population policy must be adjusted. This paper argues that a gradual relaxation of the family-planning policy adjustments accords with the original intention of the population policy design and development direction. The universal second-child policy is the logical results of the adjustment and improvement of China's family-planning policy, and is designed to bring about positive effects on future demographic and economic development, particularly in sustaining the long term balanced development of China's population, easing the marriage squeeze, extending the demographic dividend, and delaying the population aging process. China needs to develop and improve support and governance systems for fully implementing the universal second-child policy, realizing the policy transition from rewarding one-child families to population security and the modern transition of governance systems and capacity to a universal second-child policy.展开更多
目的探讨在线积极心理团体干预方案对已育二孩女护士焦虑、抑郁、心理弹性及职业倦怠的干预效果。方法2023年2—4月将我院符合纳入排除标准的80名已育二孩女护士随机分为对照组和观察组,各40名,干预期间由于样本脱落,最终干预组37名、...目的探讨在线积极心理团体干预方案对已育二孩女护士焦虑、抑郁、心理弹性及职业倦怠的干预效果。方法2023年2—4月将我院符合纳入排除标准的80名已育二孩女护士随机分为对照组和观察组,各40名,干预期间由于样本脱落,最终干预组37名、对照组39名完成本研究。2组均接受为期6周的心理健康教育,干预组在此基础上进行在线积极心理团体干预。采用广泛性焦虑量表(generalized anxiety disorder scale,GAD-7)、健康问卷抑郁量表(patient health questionnaire scale,PHQ-9)、心理弹性量表(connor-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)和职业倦怠量表(Maslach burnout inventory human service survey,MBI-HSS)对2组干预前、干预后即刻及干预后3个月的效果进行评价。结果干预结束后,干预组在干预后即刻和干预后3个月的焦虑、抑郁及职业倦怠评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),心理弹性得分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在线积极心理团体干预可有效缓解已育二孩女护士的焦虑、抑郁情绪及职业倦怠感,提升其心理弹性水平,且干预效果在3个月后仍持续存在。展开更多
文摘China’s family planning policy is back in the spotlight.Guangdong, the country’s most populous province according to the latest population census,has officially applied to the Central Government for permission for it lifting family planning restrictions.If the application is approved,couples in which either the husband or wife is an only child will be allowed to have a second child,according to Zhang Feng, family planning chief in Guangdong.
基金supported by 2019 The National Social Sciences Fund of China(19CRK017):“Study on the new characteristics,causes,influences and trends of marriage behavior of residents in big cities of China”.
文摘The relaxation of fertility policy in China makes it possible to observe and under-stand the patterns of childbearing behavior in low fertility settings.This paper takes Shanghai,a city with ultra-low fertility over the long term,as an example to analyze families who have had a second child since the adjustment of China’s fertility policy.The paper reports the major results of a survey of couples with Shanghai house-hold registration(hukou)who have had a second child,and makes comparisons with other relevant survey.It seeks to answer the question"Who are the couples giving birth to second child?"The results show that most of the women who have had a second child after implementation of the Selective Two-child Policy in 2014 were born in the late 1970s and 1980s.Couples who had higher education levels and higher incomes,and in which the woman worked as a full-time housewife or worked in a less intense job with scheduling flexibility were more likely to have a second child.The ability of a couple to get help from their own parents for childcare,and the gender of the first child also affected the decision to have a second child.This study reveals that couples who have a second child tend to be those with better than average childcare resources.This suggests that formulating reasonable public poli-cies aimed at reducing the cost of childbearing and childrearing would be an effec-tive way to further release fertility potential.
文摘The 13 th Five-Year Plan(2016─2020), with the balanced development of population being the core element, is crucial for China. The superimposed effect of an aging population and low birthrate leading to a reduction in the labor supply would have a fundamental influence on the long term balanced development of China's population, implying that China's population policy must be adjusted. This paper argues that a gradual relaxation of the family-planning policy adjustments accords with the original intention of the population policy design and development direction. The universal second-child policy is the logical results of the adjustment and improvement of China's family-planning policy, and is designed to bring about positive effects on future demographic and economic development, particularly in sustaining the long term balanced development of China's population, easing the marriage squeeze, extending the demographic dividend, and delaying the population aging process. China needs to develop and improve support and governance systems for fully implementing the universal second-child policy, realizing the policy transition from rewarding one-child families to population security and the modern transition of governance systems and capacity to a universal second-child policy.
文摘目的探讨在线积极心理团体干预方案对已育二孩女护士焦虑、抑郁、心理弹性及职业倦怠的干预效果。方法2023年2—4月将我院符合纳入排除标准的80名已育二孩女护士随机分为对照组和观察组,各40名,干预期间由于样本脱落,最终干预组37名、对照组39名完成本研究。2组均接受为期6周的心理健康教育,干预组在此基础上进行在线积极心理团体干预。采用广泛性焦虑量表(generalized anxiety disorder scale,GAD-7)、健康问卷抑郁量表(patient health questionnaire scale,PHQ-9)、心理弹性量表(connor-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)和职业倦怠量表(Maslach burnout inventory human service survey,MBI-HSS)对2组干预前、干预后即刻及干预后3个月的效果进行评价。结果干预结束后,干预组在干预后即刻和干预后3个月的焦虑、抑郁及职业倦怠评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),心理弹性得分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在线积极心理团体干预可有效缓解已育二孩女护士的焦虑、抑郁情绪及职业倦怠感,提升其心理弹性水平,且干预效果在3个月后仍持续存在。
