针对SCOPE(soil canopy observation of photosynthesis and energy fluxes)模型模拟冠层净辐射(0.4~2.5μm短波净辐射+2.5~50μm长波净辐射)时假设叶片空间随机分布的问题,开发考虑叶片空间聚集的冠层净辐射模拟新模型。将SCOPE模型的...针对SCOPE(soil canopy observation of photosynthesis and energy fluxes)模型模拟冠层净辐射(0.4~2.5μm短波净辐射+2.5~50μm长波净辐射)时假设叶片空间随机分布的问题,开发考虑叶片空间聚集的冠层净辐射模拟新模型。将SCOPE模型的短波净辐射模块和长波净辐射模块分别用考虑叶片空间聚集的GOST2模型和UFR97模型替换,形成新的冠层净辐射模拟模型NRC(modeling canopy net radiation considering spatial clumping index of leaves);通过浙江省安吉县1个毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林样地(1~4年生异龄林,4500株/hm^(2))2023年整年的观测数据验证,对比SCOPE模型和NRC模型对冠层净辐射的模拟结果。SCOPE模型和NRC模型对冠层净辐射的模拟结果都与观测值有强相关性,决定系数(R^(2))分别为0.97和0.99,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为47.24和13.31 W/m^(2)。SCOPE模型模拟得到的短波净辐射(R_(notot))存在低估(R^(2)=0.96,平均偏差MBE=-14.17 W/m^(2)),长波净辐射(R nttot)存在高估(R^(2)=0.46;MBE=50.27 W/m^(2)),而NRC模型分别成功模拟了R_(notot)(R^(2)=0.99,MBE=1.44 W/m^(2))和R nttot(R^(2)=0.71;MBE=1.34 W/m^(2))。NRC模型具备模拟叶片空间聚集条件下冠层净辐射的潜力。展开更多
Previous solar probes have relied on solar energy for power,but in the near-solar environment,traditional solar panels are prone to overheating and radiation damage,increasing system complexity and reducing power reli...Previous solar probes have relied on solar energy for power,but in the near-solar environment,traditional solar panels are prone to overheating and radiation damage,increasing system complexity and reducing power reliability.This study introduces a dual-power system integrating solar-thermal thermoelectric generation with photovoltaic technology.First,suitable thermoelectric materials are screened,the geometric structure of the thermoelectric devices is simulated,and then the fabricated thermoelectric devices are subjected to cyclic heatingcooling power generation tests and long-duration high-temperature power generation tests.The results demonstrate that a single thermoelectric device can stably provide 3.5 W of power with excellent cycling stability.Additionally,this study discusses design concepts for energy storage and intelligent energy management systems required by the dualpower system.Designed for the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission,this dualpower supply system integrates the benefits of both to address demands under varying environmental conditions.展开更多
First of all, the guiding principle of SCOPE China are to implement the policy that science and technology is to be geared to the needs of economic construction and economic construction is to rely on science and tech...First of all, the guiding principle of SCOPE China are to implement the policy that science and technology is to be geared to the needs of economic construction and economic construction is to rely on science and technology. SCOPE China should serve this purpose and improve the international exchanges on the science and techno-logy of environment.展开更多
1 Founding of SCOPE China CAST supported the setting up of SCOPE China in early 1988. Mr. Lu Jingting, Professors Ma Shijun and Zhuang Yahui participated in the 7th SCOPE General As- sembly in June, 1988, at which SCO...1 Founding of SCOPE China CAST supported the setting up of SCOPE China in early 1988. Mr. Lu Jingting, Professors Ma Shijun and Zhuang Yahui participated in the 7th SCOPE General As- sembly in June, 1988, at which SCOPE China/CAST was admitted as a SCOPE mem-ber. Then the first plenary meeting of SCOPE China was held in Beijing in July, 1988 and the Constitution of SCOPE China was adopted and the committee of展开更多
Purpose:To examine variations in Chinese nurses’Actual Scope of Practice(ASCOP)by educational qualifications and professional titles,and to identify regulatory gaps in competency-based role assignments within China’...Purpose:To examine variations in Chinese nurses’Actual Scope of Practice(ASCOP)by educational qualifications and professional titles,and to identify regulatory gaps in competency-based role assignments within China’s evolving healthcare system.Method:A nationwide cross-sectional study using the validated Chinese Nurses’ASCOP Questionnaire is used.Data from 1,540 nurses were analyzed through descriptive statistics,independent t-tests,one-way ANOVA,and Bonferroni correction.ASCOP scores(1–5 scale)were compared across education levels(diploma,bachelor’s,postgraduate)and titles(junior/senior).Results:The overall ASCOP score was 3.95,with significant disparities in high-complexity tasks:postgraduate nurses(4.25)and senior nurses outperformed diploma holders(3.71)and juniors(p<0.01).Low-complexity tasks showed no educational differences(p>0.05),though bachelor’s or postgraduate nurses reported higher frequencies(4.12 vs.3.89).Alarmingly,37.6%of junior nurses routinely performed high-risk procedures beyond their competency.Conclusion:A systemic mismatch exists between nurses’qualifications and assigned responsibilities,reflecting inadequate regulatory oversight.To address this,this study recommends:(1)competency-based tiered authorization systems,(2)legal framework updates aligning with China’s healthcare reforms,and(3)dynamic monitoring mechanisms.These measures could standardize practice boundaries,mitigate occupational risks,and optimize nursing workforce utilization,particularly in resource-constrained settings.展开更多
The understanding of the scope of protection for the right to health should not be limited to fragmented descriptions in departmental laws,such as those focusing on rights,interests,or legal benefits.Instead,it should...The understanding of the scope of protection for the right to health should not be limited to fragmented descriptions in departmental laws,such as those focusing on rights,interests,or legal benefits.Instead,it should be analyzed holistically within the constitutional framework of fundamental rights.From the perspective of defense right function,the right to health addresses physiological harm that progresses through stages of“risk-danger-infringement,”psychological harm that targets inner distress,and minor harm arising from challenges in social adaptation,to clarify the negative defensive obligations of the state to prevent health-related harm.From the perspectives of the beneficiary right function and the objective value order function,the right to health requires a minimum level of constitutional protection and delineating the positive obligations of the state to ensure it through the fulfillment of basic obligations in healthcare and health promotion.展开更多
Objective:To review the current status of research on kinesiophobia,assessment tools,influencing factors,and intervention strategies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,aiming to provide a reference...Objective:To review the current status of research on kinesiophobia,assessment tools,influencing factors,and intervention strategies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,aiming to provide a reference for promoting pulmonary rehabilitation in these patients.Methods:A scoping review framework was employed to search databases including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,China Biology Medicine(CBM),PubMed,Web of Science,and Wiley Online Library.The search time frame spanned from the database inception to May 20,2024.Two researchers independently screened the literature,summarized,and analyzed the data.Results:A total of 18 articles were included.Commonly used assessment tools included the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the dyspnea beliefs questionnaire.Influencing factors encompassed demographic,disease-related,psychosocial,and BMI-related factors.Intervention methods included inspiratory muscle training,narrative nursing,and cognitive interventions combined with active cycle of breathing techniques.Conclusion:The incidence of kinesiophobia in COPD patients is relatively high and varies among individuals,influenced by multiple factors.There is a need to develop localized assessment tools to identify kinesiophobia in a timely and accurate manner and to further refine intervention strategies.展开更多
This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized ex...This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.展开更多
With the chief aim to list a brief description on business writing,such thesis mainly deal with the content and skill in this field.Business writing locates a role in business world which cannot be ignored by any othe...With the chief aim to list a brief description on business writing,such thesis mainly deal with the content and skill in this field.Business writing locates a role in business world which cannot be ignored by any other means.In case a successful business manager desires to be achievable,the business letters ought to be treated seriously.Some popular forms of writing are also included and simply illustrated in lieu the basic requirement meeting from some of those readers.Obviously we learners and teachers are hopefully required to set great store by the mentioned scope of utilization.展开更多
文摘针对SCOPE(soil canopy observation of photosynthesis and energy fluxes)模型模拟冠层净辐射(0.4~2.5μm短波净辐射+2.5~50μm长波净辐射)时假设叶片空间随机分布的问题,开发考虑叶片空间聚集的冠层净辐射模拟新模型。将SCOPE模型的短波净辐射模块和长波净辐射模块分别用考虑叶片空间聚集的GOST2模型和UFR97模型替换,形成新的冠层净辐射模拟模型NRC(modeling canopy net radiation considering spatial clumping index of leaves);通过浙江省安吉县1个毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林样地(1~4年生异龄林,4500株/hm^(2))2023年整年的观测数据验证,对比SCOPE模型和NRC模型对冠层净辐射的模拟结果。SCOPE模型和NRC模型对冠层净辐射的模拟结果都与观测值有强相关性,决定系数(R^(2))分别为0.97和0.99,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为47.24和13.31 W/m^(2)。SCOPE模型模拟得到的短波净辐射(R_(notot))存在低估(R^(2)=0.96,平均偏差MBE=-14.17 W/m^(2)),长波净辐射(R nttot)存在高估(R^(2)=0.46;MBE=50.27 W/m^(2)),而NRC模型分别成功模拟了R_(notot)(R^(2)=0.99,MBE=1.44 W/m^(2))和R nttot(R^(2)=0.71;MBE=1.34 W/m^(2))。NRC模型具备模拟叶片空间聚集条件下冠层净辐射的潜力。
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0503804).
文摘Previous solar probes have relied on solar energy for power,but in the near-solar environment,traditional solar panels are prone to overheating and radiation damage,increasing system complexity and reducing power reliability.This study introduces a dual-power system integrating solar-thermal thermoelectric generation with photovoltaic technology.First,suitable thermoelectric materials are screened,the geometric structure of the thermoelectric devices is simulated,and then the fabricated thermoelectric devices are subjected to cyclic heatingcooling power generation tests and long-duration high-temperature power generation tests.The results demonstrate that a single thermoelectric device can stably provide 3.5 W of power with excellent cycling stability.Additionally,this study discusses design concepts for energy storage and intelligent energy management systems required by the dualpower system.Designed for the Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission,this dualpower supply system integrates the benefits of both to address demands under varying environmental conditions.
文摘First of all, the guiding principle of SCOPE China are to implement the policy that science and technology is to be geared to the needs of economic construction and economic construction is to rely on science and technology. SCOPE China should serve this purpose and improve the international exchanges on the science and techno-logy of environment.
文摘1 Founding of SCOPE China CAST supported the setting up of SCOPE China in early 1988. Mr. Lu Jingting, Professors Ma Shijun and Zhuang Yahui participated in the 7th SCOPE General As- sembly in June, 1988, at which SCOPE China/CAST was admitted as a SCOPE mem-ber. Then the first plenary meeting of SCOPE China was held in Beijing in July, 1988 and the Constitution of SCOPE China was adopted and the committee of
基金Central Universities Basic Research Fund(Science,Engineering,and Medicine)of Jinan University:“Development of a Nursing Work Time Tracking System Based on the Fourth-Generation Nursing Workload Theory”(Project No.:21619326)。
文摘Purpose:To examine variations in Chinese nurses’Actual Scope of Practice(ASCOP)by educational qualifications and professional titles,and to identify regulatory gaps in competency-based role assignments within China’s evolving healthcare system.Method:A nationwide cross-sectional study using the validated Chinese Nurses’ASCOP Questionnaire is used.Data from 1,540 nurses were analyzed through descriptive statistics,independent t-tests,one-way ANOVA,and Bonferroni correction.ASCOP scores(1–5 scale)were compared across education levels(diploma,bachelor’s,postgraduate)and titles(junior/senior).Results:The overall ASCOP score was 3.95,with significant disparities in high-complexity tasks:postgraduate nurses(4.25)and senior nurses outperformed diploma holders(3.71)and juniors(p<0.01).Low-complexity tasks showed no educational differences(p>0.05),though bachelor’s or postgraduate nurses reported higher frequencies(4.12 vs.3.89).Alarmingly,37.6%of junior nurses routinely performed high-risk procedures beyond their competency.Conclusion:A systemic mismatch exists between nurses’qualifications and assigned responsibilities,reflecting inadequate regulatory oversight.To address this,this study recommends:(1)competency-based tiered authorization systems,(2)legal framework updates aligning with China’s healthcare reforms,and(3)dynamic monitoring mechanisms.These measures could standardize practice boundaries,mitigate occupational risks,and optimize nursing workforce utilization,particularly in resource-constrained settings.
文摘The understanding of the scope of protection for the right to health should not be limited to fragmented descriptions in departmental laws,such as those focusing on rights,interests,or legal benefits.Instead,it should be analyzed holistically within the constitutional framework of fundamental rights.From the perspective of defense right function,the right to health addresses physiological harm that progresses through stages of“risk-danger-infringement,”psychological harm that targets inner distress,and minor harm arising from challenges in social adaptation,to clarify the negative defensive obligations of the state to prevent health-related harm.From the perspectives of the beneficiary right function and the objective value order function,the right to health requires a minimum level of constitutional protection and delineating the positive obligations of the state to ensure it through the fulfillment of basic obligations in healthcare and health promotion.
文摘Objective:To review the current status of research on kinesiophobia,assessment tools,influencing factors,and intervention strategies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,aiming to provide a reference for promoting pulmonary rehabilitation in these patients.Methods:A scoping review framework was employed to search databases including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,China Biology Medicine(CBM),PubMed,Web of Science,and Wiley Online Library.The search time frame spanned from the database inception to May 20,2024.Two researchers independently screened the literature,summarized,and analyzed the data.Results:A total of 18 articles were included.Commonly used assessment tools included the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the dyspnea beliefs questionnaire.Influencing factors encompassed demographic,disease-related,psychosocial,and BMI-related factors.Intervention methods included inspiratory muscle training,narrative nursing,and cognitive interventions combined with active cycle of breathing techniques.Conclusion:The incidence of kinesiophobia in COPD patients is relatively high and varies among individuals,influenced by multiple factors.There is a need to develop localized assessment tools to identify kinesiophobia in a timely and accurate manner and to further refine intervention strategies.
文摘This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.
文摘With the chief aim to list a brief description on business writing,such thesis mainly deal with the content and skill in this field.Business writing locates a role in business world which cannot be ignored by any other means.In case a successful business manager desires to be achievable,the business letters ought to be treated seriously.Some popular forms of writing are also included and simply illustrated in lieu the basic requirement meeting from some of those readers.Obviously we learners and teachers are hopefully required to set great store by the mentioned scope of utilization.
