Whole-plant soybean ensiling has limitations and challenges that affect silage fermentation patterns and reduce ruminal nutrient degradation. Perhaps either the addition of molasses at ensiling or harvesting at differ...Whole-plant soybean ensiling has limitations and challenges that affect silage fermentation patterns and reduce ruminal nutrient degradation. Perhaps either the addition of molasses at ensiling or harvesting at different phenological stages has the potential to enhance whole-plant soybean silage (WSS) ruminal degradation. This experiment was a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating the effects of molasses (0 and 40 g/kg fresh forage) and phenological stage (R5: beginning seed, R6: full seed, and R7: beginning maturity) on ruminal in situ degradation. Molasses increased effective ruminal degradability (ERD) of dry matter (DM) regardless of the phenological stage and increased ERD of crude protein at R5 and R6. The addition of molasses at later phenological stages increased ERD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There was a molasses × phenological stage interaction effect with greater fractions A and B of NDF at R7 and R5, respectively, but lower undegraded NDF at R5 and R6 with molasses addition. Although the benefits of adding molasses were more pronounced in R5 and R6, adding molasses to whole-plant soybean at ensiling is recommended regardless of phenological stage. Increasing the proportion of digestible nutrients at harvesting either by harvesting at later phenological stages or the addition of molasses is a powerful strategy to manage ruminal degradation of DM and nutrients in WSS.展开更多
Postruminal intestinal inflammation and hindgut acidosis caused by increased dietary starch supply and thereby increased quantities of ruminal degradable starch(RDS)in ruminants have been widely studied.Although the r...Postruminal intestinal inflammation and hindgut acidosis caused by increased dietary starch supply and thereby increased quantities of ruminal degradable starch(RDS)in ruminants have been widely studied.Although the roles of the microbiota in mediating hindgut health that are focused on the hindgut have been widely studied,the absence of whole gastrointestinal insight may influence the depth of research.We integrated the microbiome,metabolome,and host transcriptome changes in the rumen,jejunum,ileum,and colon to investigate the contributions of foregut changes to hindgut gene expression driven by gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolite flow.Forty goats were randomly assigned to receive either a low rumen-degradation-rate starch diet(LRDS,n=20)or a high rumen-degradation-rate starch diet(HRDS,n=20).Compared with the HRDS group,the LRDS group significantly decreased the diarrheal rate.Based on the mean values of the fecal scores,6 represented goats of LRDS group(fecal scores=(4.58±0.120))and 6 represented goats of HRDS group(fecal scores=(3.53±0.343))were selected for sampling and subsequent analysis.LRDS had significantly decreased the colonic pathologic scores.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that LRDS reduced jejunal,ileal,and colonic inflammatory responses.An increase in beneficial commensals and a decreased abundance of pathogenic genera in the small intestine and hindgut were found in goats fed the LRDS diet using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.To identify microbial transmission as well as the transmission of microbial metabolites,8 genera were identified as core genera according to their calculated niche width.Metabolomics analysis revealed that a total of 554 metabolites were identified among different gastrointestinal sites.Then,metabolites were incorporated into 3 modules:metabolites increased in the current site(ICS),unchanged inflow metabolites in the current site(UICS),and metabolites decreased in the current site(DCS).The results indicated that the UICS metabolites contributed more than 10%to host gene expression in the jejunum,ileum,and colon.When we further focused on the effects of colonic UICS metabolites on the colonic immune-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs),the results indicated that 1-palmitoylglycerol and deoxycholic acid contributed 60.74 and 11.5%to the colonic immune-related DEGs,respectively.Our findings provide a preliminary framework of microbial effects that includes the microbiota and their metabolite changes,especially reduced 1-palmitoylglycerol and deoxycholic acid,in the former gastrointestinal tract that could be involved in the alleviation of colonic inflammation in goats fed LRDS diets.展开更多
Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoc...Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with Piriformospora indica(Pi) and co-inoculating Pi with Glomus intraradices(Gi+Pi) or Sinorhizobium meliloti(Sm+Pi) on hay yield,chemical composition,molecular structures by Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production.Seedlings were grown in experimental pots in a greenhouse until first cut and then transferred outside and cut a further 4 times.Biomass yield was similar across the treatments.Acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration was higher in Pi than in control hay,and ADF decreased further with co-inoculation(P < 0.05).The ether extract(EE) concentration was lower for Pi and Gi+Pi compared with control hay,and control,Pi and Gi+Pi hays had lower EE concentration compared with Sm+Pi(P < 0.05).The FTIR spectroscopic vibration peak height ratio related to proteins(amide1+amide 2): total carbohydrate ratio was lower for the inoculation treatments compared with control hay(P < 0.05).In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and organic matter were higher for hay of inoculated and co-inoculated seedlings than for control hay(P < 0.05).In conclusion,hay of alfalfa seedlings inoculated and co-inoculated with root growth promoting microorganisms had improved nutritional value compared with hay from non-treated alfalfa seedlings,and co-inoculation was the most effective,however,changes were relatively minor.展开更多
文摘Whole-plant soybean ensiling has limitations and challenges that affect silage fermentation patterns and reduce ruminal nutrient degradation. Perhaps either the addition of molasses at ensiling or harvesting at different phenological stages has the potential to enhance whole-plant soybean silage (WSS) ruminal degradation. This experiment was a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating the effects of molasses (0 and 40 g/kg fresh forage) and phenological stage (R5: beginning seed, R6: full seed, and R7: beginning maturity) on ruminal in situ degradation. Molasses increased effective ruminal degradability (ERD) of dry matter (DM) regardless of the phenological stage and increased ERD of crude protein at R5 and R6. The addition of molasses at later phenological stages increased ERD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There was a molasses × phenological stage interaction effect with greater fractions A and B of NDF at R7 and R5, respectively, but lower undegraded NDF at R5 and R6 with molasses addition. Although the benefits of adding molasses were more pronounced in R5 and R6, adding molasses to whole-plant soybean at ensiling is recommended regardless of phenological stage. Increasing the proportion of digestible nutrients at harvesting either by harvesting at later phenological stages or the addition of molasses is a powerful strategy to manage ruminal degradation of DM and nutrients in WSS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072761,31902184 and 32102570)the Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Association Young Talents Lifting Program Project,China(20220203)。
文摘Postruminal intestinal inflammation and hindgut acidosis caused by increased dietary starch supply and thereby increased quantities of ruminal degradable starch(RDS)in ruminants have been widely studied.Although the roles of the microbiota in mediating hindgut health that are focused on the hindgut have been widely studied,the absence of whole gastrointestinal insight may influence the depth of research.We integrated the microbiome,metabolome,and host transcriptome changes in the rumen,jejunum,ileum,and colon to investigate the contributions of foregut changes to hindgut gene expression driven by gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolite flow.Forty goats were randomly assigned to receive either a low rumen-degradation-rate starch diet(LRDS,n=20)or a high rumen-degradation-rate starch diet(HRDS,n=20).Compared with the HRDS group,the LRDS group significantly decreased the diarrheal rate.Based on the mean values of the fecal scores,6 represented goats of LRDS group(fecal scores=(4.58±0.120))and 6 represented goats of HRDS group(fecal scores=(3.53±0.343))were selected for sampling and subsequent analysis.LRDS had significantly decreased the colonic pathologic scores.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that LRDS reduced jejunal,ileal,and colonic inflammatory responses.An increase in beneficial commensals and a decreased abundance of pathogenic genera in the small intestine and hindgut were found in goats fed the LRDS diet using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.To identify microbial transmission as well as the transmission of microbial metabolites,8 genera were identified as core genera according to their calculated niche width.Metabolomics analysis revealed that a total of 554 metabolites were identified among different gastrointestinal sites.Then,metabolites were incorporated into 3 modules:metabolites increased in the current site(ICS),unchanged inflow metabolites in the current site(UICS),and metabolites decreased in the current site(DCS).The results indicated that the UICS metabolites contributed more than 10%to host gene expression in the jejunum,ileum,and colon.When we further focused on the effects of colonic UICS metabolites on the colonic immune-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs),the results indicated that 1-palmitoylglycerol and deoxycholic acid contributed 60.74 and 11.5%to the colonic immune-related DEGs,respectively.Our findings provide a preliminary framework of microbial effects that includes the microbiota and their metabolite changes,especially reduced 1-palmitoylglycerol and deoxycholic acid,in the former gastrointestinal tract that could be involved in the alleviation of colonic inflammation in goats fed LRDS diets.
文摘Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with Piriformospora indica(Pi) and co-inoculating Pi with Glomus intraradices(Gi+Pi) or Sinorhizobium meliloti(Sm+Pi) on hay yield,chemical composition,molecular structures by Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production.Seedlings were grown in experimental pots in a greenhouse until first cut and then transferred outside and cut a further 4 times.Biomass yield was similar across the treatments.Acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration was higher in Pi than in control hay,and ADF decreased further with co-inoculation(P < 0.05).The ether extract(EE) concentration was lower for Pi and Gi+Pi compared with control hay,and control,Pi and Gi+Pi hays had lower EE concentration compared with Sm+Pi(P < 0.05).The FTIR spectroscopic vibration peak height ratio related to proteins(amide1+amide 2): total carbohydrate ratio was lower for the inoculation treatments compared with control hay(P < 0.05).In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and organic matter were higher for hay of inoculated and co-inoculated seedlings than for control hay(P < 0.05).In conclusion,hay of alfalfa seedlings inoculated and co-inoculated with root growth promoting microorganisms had improved nutritional value compared with hay from non-treated alfalfa seedlings,and co-inoculation was the most effective,however,changes were relatively minor.
