Increasing evidence suggests that fine roots are particularly sensitive to environmental changes,making them essential in responding and adapting forest ecosystems to climate change.However,we still lack a fundamental...Increasing evidence suggests that fine roots are particularly sensitive to environmental changes,making them essential in responding and adapting forest ecosystems to climate change.However,we still lack a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control fine root plasticity.The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil moisture changes on fine root dynamics and morphology of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.).We conducted a 30-month study of fine root traits,i.e.,fine root biomass(FRB),productivity,mortality,turnover,specific root length(SRL),specific root area(SRA),and root tip frequency(RTF),along a soil moisture gradient from dry,intermediate,and wet conditions in a near-natural mature beech forest.Sequential root coring with accompanying soil measurements was carried out at three study sites reflecting the gradient in soil water availability.For most fine root traits,we found significant differences between the upper 10 cm and lower soil depths.FRB showed significant differences between study sites,with the lowest FRB at the dry site.However,productivity,turnover,SRL,SRA,and RTF showed no significant differences between sites,but a high variability between seasons,suggesting an adaptation to short-term fluctuations but not to long-term gradients in soil water content(SWC).Linear mixed models revealed that decreasing SWC led to a significant increase in SRL,SRA,and RTF(standardized coefficients:-1.0±0.46,-1.1±0.46,and-1.1±0.43,respectively).Our observations indicate an adaptation strategy of beech to low availability of soil water and drought by forming thin absorptive roots and by maintaining a high seasonal plasticity to tolerate fluctuations in soil moisture.By highlighting the belowground morphological adaptations of mature forests to low soil water availability,our results provide novel insights into the structure and dynamics of forest ecosystem adaptations to climate change.展开更多
Plant root systems,a crucial component of biogeotechnics,have been recognized as a promising and sustainable strategy to address novel challenges in geotechnical engineering,i.e.,climate change(Ng et al.,2022).Root-so...Plant root systems,a crucial component of biogeotechnics,have been recognized as a promising and sustainable strategy to address novel challenges in geotechnical engineering,i.e.,climate change(Ng et al.,2022).Root-soil composite and root-reinforced slopes have re-ceived widespread attention in recent decades,due to the ability of root to regulate soil properties through mechanical reinforcement and hy-draulic transpiration(Li&Duan,2023;Ni et al.,2024).Fig.1 provides a co-occurrence network plot of plant root-based soil reinforcement strategies published over the last decade,where three clusters are identified with different colors.On the left of the network map,clusters in red and blue are primarily driven by geotechnical investigations of vegetated slopes(i.e.,plant root reinforced slopes)and root-soil com-posite/root-permeated soils,as denoted by the terms like"model","test","slope","strength"and"vegetation",while the green cluster on the right side demonstrates botany-related domains,for instance,"plant growth",Indeed,the reinforcement of vegetated soil strength is com-plex and varies significantly with an abundance of factors,both me-chanically and hydraulically.Particularly,the impact of root mor-phology and architecture cannot be negligible,including keywords"root area ratio"root distribution""root morphology"root diame-ter"root density"in Fig.1 with the root size and root depth ranking foremost.展开更多
Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate a...Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.展开更多
Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology...Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology,root systems can be classified as taproot systems or fibrous root systems.Root system architecture(RSA)refers to the spatial distribution and extension patterns of roots within soil,encompassing characteristics such as root length,branching angle,density,and spatial arrangement.RSA not only determines the plant’s capacity to acquire water and nutrients but also influences other root functions,playing a decisive role in overall plant health.展开更多
Root system architecture has often been overlooked in plant research despite its critical role in plant adaptation to environmental conditions.This study focused on the root system architecture of the desert shrub Rea...Root system architecture has often been overlooked in plant research despite its critical role in plant adaptation to environmental conditions.This study focused on the root system architecture of the desert shrub Reaumuria soongorica in the Alxa steppe desert,Northwest China.Plant samples were collected during May-September 2019.Using excavation methods,in situ measurements,and root scanning techniques,we analyzed the root distribution,topology,and branching patterns of R.soongorica across an age sequence of 7-51 a.Additionally,we investigated the allometric relationships of root collar diameter with total coarse root length,biomass,and topological parameters.The results showed that the roots of R.soongorica were predominantly concentrated in shallow soil layers(10-50 cm),with lateral root branching and biomass allocation increasing with shrub age.The root topology exhibited a herringbone-like structure,with average topological and modified topological indices of 0.89 and 0.96,respectively,both of which adjusted with shrub age.The root system displayed a self-similar branching pattern,maintaining a constant cross-sectional area ratio of 1.13 before and after branching,deviating from the area-preserving rule.These adaptive traits allow R.soongorica to efficiently expand its nutrient acquisition zone,minimize internal competition,and optimize resource uptake from the upper soil layers.Furthermore,significant linear relationships were observed between log10-transformed root collar diameter and log10-transformed total coarse root length,biomass,and topological parameters.These findings advance non-destructive approaches for studying root characteristics and contribute to the development of root-related models.Besides,this study provides new insights into the adaptive strategies of R.soongorica under extreme drought conditions,offering valuable guidance for species selection and cultivation in desert restoration efforts.展开更多
Soil erosion and shallow landslides in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,China,are increasing due to extreme climate events and human disturbances.The biomechanical properties of vegetation roots play an important...Soil erosion and shallow landslides in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,China,are increasing due to extreme climate events and human disturbances.The biomechanical properties of vegetation roots play an important role in soil stabilization and fixation,as they resist soil erosion and shallow landslides in this area.However,the biomechanical properties of the roots of dominant herbs and their influencing factors in this area remain poorly understood.Therefore,we selected two dominant herbs in this area,Stipa aliena Keng and Poa crymophila Keng,and carried out a series of uniaxial tensile tests on the roots of the two herbs under different treatments.Meanwhile,the effects of root diameter,plant species,gauge length,root water content,and loading rate on the biomechanical properties of the two herbs'roots were analyzed.The results showed that root diameter was the most significant factor affecting the root biomechanical properties(P<0.010),and root tensile force displayed a positive power law relationship with root diameter,whereas root tensile strength and Young's modulus followed negative power law correlations with root diameter,and fracture strain increased linearly with root diameter.Root tensile force,tensile strength,and fracture strain of S.aliena were significantly greater than those of P.crymophila(P<0.001),which was mainly due to the higher lignin content and lignin:cellulose ratio of S.aliena roots.During uniaxial tensile process,hydrated roots exhibited elastic-plastic-brittle behavior,whereas dried roots exhibited elastic-brittle behavior.Root fracture strain of the two herbs was significantly lower under 100 mm gauge length than under 50 mm gauge length(P<0.001),and the Young's modulus was significantly greater(P<0.050).Tensile strength and fracture strain of hydrated roots of the two herbs were significantly greater than those of dried roots(P<0.050),whereas the Young's modulus was significantly lower(P<0.001).Root tensile force,tensile strength,and fracture strain of S.aliena were significantly greater under 20 mm/min loading rate than under 200 mm/min loading rate(P<0.050),whereas loading rate had no significant effect on the root biomechanical properties of P.crymophila(P>0.050).Fibrous roots of the two herbs were well developed,with relatively high tensile strengths and Young's moduli of 78.498 and 837.901 MPa for S.aliena,and 67.541 and 901.184 MPa for P.crymophila,respectively.The two herbs can stabilize soil and prevent soil erosion and can be used as pioneer species for ecological restoration in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.These results provide a theoretical basis for soil erosion and shallow landslide control in the giant landslide area of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.展开更多
To study growth responses of the roots of Panicum miliaceum L. to heterogeneous supply of nutrients. The authors analyzed the effects of the nutrient levels in both original patches (O) and destination patches (D) on ...To study growth responses of the roots of Panicum miliaceum L. to heterogeneous supply of nutrients. The authors analyzed the effects of the nutrient levels in both original patches (O) and destination patches (D) on the root growth of P. miliaceum when its roots were allowed to extend from original patch into destination patch. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were low, coarse root biomass ratio (coarse root biomass in the D/total coarse root biomass), coarse root length ratio (coarse root length in the D/total coarse root length), coarse root surface area ratio (coarse root surface area in the D/total coarse root surface area) and fine root length ratio (fine root length in the D/total fine root length) were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, while fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface index, and fine root surface area density were smaller in the former than in the latter. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were high, fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface area index and fine root surface density were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, coarse roots did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly. When the roots extended from the original patches with the same nutrient level into the destination patches with contrasting nutrient levels, fine root biomass and its percentage allocation did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly, whereas both root length and root surface area did. This indicates that the fine roots of P. miliaceum responded to difference in nutrient supply by plasticity in their length and surface area, rather than in their root biomass.展开更多
The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China faces challenges like thaw slumping,threatening slope stability and infrastructure.Understanding the mechanical properties of the roots of the dominant herbaceous plant species in t...The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China faces challenges like thaw slumping,threatening slope stability and infrastructure.Understanding the mechanical properties of the roots of the dominant herbaceous plant species in the alpine meadow layer of the permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is essential for evaluating their role in enhancing soil shear strength and mitigating slope deformation in these fragile environments.In this study,the roots of four dominant herbaceous plant species—Kobresia pygmaea,Kobresia humilis,Carex moorcroftii,and Leontopodium pusillum—that are widely distributed in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were explored to determine their mechanical properties and effects in enhancing soil shear strength.Through indoor single root tensile and root group tensile tests,we determined the root diameter,tensile force,tensile strength,tensile ratio,and strength frequency distributions.We also evaluated their contributions to inhibiting slope deformation and failure during the formation and development of thermal thaw slumps in the alpine meadow.The results showed that the distribution of the root diameter of the dominant plant species is mostly normal,while the tensile strength tends to be logarithmically normally distributed.The relationship between the root diameter and root tensile strength conforms to a power function.The theoretical tensile strength of the root group was calculated using the Wu-Waldron Model(WWM)and the Fiber Bundle Model(FBM)under the assumption that the cumulative single tensile strength of the root bundle is identical to the tensile strength of the root group in the WWM.The FBM considers three fracture modes:FBM-D(the tensile force on each single root is proportional to its diameter relative to the total sum of all the root diameters),FBM-S(the cross-sectional stress in the root bundle is uniform),and FBM-N(each tensile strength test of individual roots experiences an equal load).It was found that the model-calculated tensile strength of the root group was 162.60%higher than the test value.The model-derived tensile force of the root group from the FBM-D,FBM-S,and FBM-N was 73.10%,28.91%,and 13.47%higher than the test values,respectively.The additional cohesion of the soil provided by the roots was calculated to be 25.90-45.06 kPa using the modified WWM,67.05-38.15 kPa using the FBM-S,and 57.24-32.74 kPa using the FBM-N.These results not only provide a theoretical basis for further quantitative evaluation of the mechanical effects of the root systems of herbaceous plant species in reinforcing the surface soil but also have practical significance for the effective prevention and control of thermal thaw slumping disasters in the permafrost regions containing native alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau using flexible plant protection measures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Complicated crown–root fracture (CRF) involves severe injury to the crown, root,and pulp, and may be accompanied by multiple root fractures. The loss of a toothhas lifelong consequences for children and te...BACKGROUND Complicated crown–root fracture (CRF) involves severe injury to the crown, root,and pulp, and may be accompanied by multiple root fractures. The loss of a toothhas lifelong consequences for children and teenagers, but the maintenance of pulphealth and the calcific healing of multiple root fractures are rarely reported in theliterature.CASE SUMMARY This case reports healing of a permanent tooth with complicated crown–root andadditional root fractures, in which pulp health was maintained. A 10-year-old girlfell and fractured the root of her maxillary left central incisor at the cervical level.After the coronal fragment was repositioned, the tooth was splinted until thetooth was no longer mobile, 2 years later. Eight years after treatment, the toothhas remained asymptomatic with vital pulp and localized gingival overgrowth.Cone-beam computed tomography revealed not only calcified healing of the CRFbut also spontaneous healing in an additional undiagnosed root fracture. Thefracture line on the enamel could not be healed by hard tissue and formed agroove in the cervical crown. It was speculated that the groove was related to thelocalized gingival overgrowth.CONCLUSION This case provides a clinical perspective of the treatment of a tooth with acomplicated CRF and an additional root fracture.展开更多
Maize root system plays a crucial role in the development of the aboveground plant and determines the yield through the uptake of water and nutrients in the field.However,the genetic architecture of the maize root sys...Maize root system plays a crucial role in the development of the aboveground plant and determines the yield through the uptake of water and nutrients in the field.However,the genetic architecture of the maize root system is largely unknown mainly due to its complexity and the interactions between genotype and environment.Using a high-throughput semi-automatic hydroponic platform with stable conditions,we comprehensively characterized the root system in a core population of 518 diverse inbred lines of maize.Population structure analysis revealed that the panel has stratification and a linkage disequilibrium decay distance of less than 50 kb.Based on genotyping with the high-density 600 K SNPs,we conducted a genome wide association analysis(GWAS)and identified nine SNPs and seven candidate genes significantly associated with 24 traits.One candidate gene,GRMZM2G400533,is located at the upstream 5 kb region from the leading SNP(AX-91771718)and was significantly associated with primary root length and preferentially expressed in the primary root and crown root.Expression of GRMZM2G400533 increased as the primary root developed but was negatively correlated with primary root elongation.An analysis of candidate gene GRMZM2G400533 identified three functional variants and eight allelic haplotypes.This study will broaden our understanding of maize root development and provide a theoretical basis for maize improvement through optimization of the root system.展开更多
The reproduction of grapevine genotypes,one of the most important species in the world,while preserving their genetic characteristics,is practically done by rooting cuttings.Adventive rooting of cutting studies for se...The reproduction of grapevine genotypes,one of the most important species in the world,while preserving their genetic characteristics,is practically done by rooting cuttings.Adventive rooting of cutting studies for seedling production in nursery conditions often remain below the expected productivity level due to biotic and abiotic stress-related reasons.Studies to increase nursery yields are still on the agenda of grapevine researchers.In this study,the effects of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)produced by the green synthesis method using grape seed extract and AgNO3 on rooting and vegetative growth of the standard(TS 4027)cuttings taken during the dormancy period of Vitis vinifera L.cvs Ekşi Kara and GökÜzüm were investigated under greenhouse conditions.Cuttings treated by keeping in 0.1,0.2 g·L^(−1)AgNPs,0.1,0.2 g·L^(−1)IBA aqueous solutions for 24 h were planted in black,1 L volume seedling bags filled with 1:1 peat:perlite in the greenhouse,while the control was kept in pure water for 24 h and planted.Changes in sprouting rate,plant transformation rate,shoot length,shoot diameter,number of nodes,stomatal conductance,leaf temperature,photosynthetic efficiency,leaf fresh and dry weight,SPAD,root number,root length,root fresh and root weight were examined in developing seedlings.In evaluating the effects of AgNPs and Indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)treatments on cutting rooting and vegetative development,ANOVA,post hoc analysis with the Tukey test,and Principal Component Analyses(PCAs)were used to better understand and depict the correlations between the examined variables.This analysis method was performed using ggplot2 in the R Studio program.The heatmap generated by the pheatmap package was used to visualize the correlation and variation.As a result of this study,AgNPs applications were found to be more effective than IBA treatments in the rooting of grapevine cuttings and the vegetative development of young plants.In conclusion,0.1 g·L^(−1)AgNPs can be tested as a support and/or economical alternative to IBA for the promotion of rooting of cuttings and vegetative development of young plants for subsequent clonal propagation.展开更多
Root resorption is a significant complication in orthodontic treatment,with thin roots and reciprocal movement being recognized as high-risk factors.This paper reports a case of a 19-year-old female patient who underw...Root resorption is a significant complication in orthodontic treatment,with thin roots and reciprocal movement being recognized as high-risk factors.This paper reports a case of a 19-year-old female patient who underwent orthodontic treatment for dental irregularity.The patient had thin roots in the maxillary lateral incisors 12 and 22.During treatment,tooth 22 experienced reciprocal movement of labial expansion followed by retraction,while tooth 12 adopted passive ligation to reduce reciprocal movement.After 23 months of straight-wire extraction treatment,good occlusal relationships were achieved,but significant root resorption occurred in teeth 12 and 22,with tooth 22 showing more severe resorption.This case confirms the synergistic effect between thin roots and reciprocal movement,demonstrating that thin roots are more sensitive to reciprocal movement stimulation,producing a synergistic amplification effect.Additionally,standardized nursing guidance and patient compliance management play important roles in reducing resorption risk.This case emphasizes the importance of pretreatment risk assessment,individualized treatment strategy formulation,and comprehensive nursing intervention throughout treatment,providing reference for clinical prevention of root resorption.展开更多
Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice...Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice rhizosheath development and shoot water relations at seedling stage in drying soil are unclear.Wild-type(WT)seedlings with root hairs and its root hairless mutant rth2 were watered every 2 or 4 d,with root hair,whole root and shoot traits determined.Less frequent irrigation significantly increased rhizosheath of both genotypes by 14%during the seedling stage.Although root exudates from rth2 adhered 54%more soil than WT,facilitating rhizosheath development,root hairs and 25%greater lateral root proliferation of WT seedlings allowed 48%more rhizosheath especially in older seedlings.Greater root hair length,root hair length density and root hair number/root surface area on lateral than axial roots especially enhanced WT rhizosheath development.Soil water deficit increased root and leaf ABA concentrations especially in WT seedlings,causing stomatal closure that contributed to increased leaf water potential.In 36-d-old seedlings,10%greater shoot biomass of WT plants than rth2 accompanied 15%higher root and 36%higher foliar ABA concentrations and ultimately lower stomatal conductance.Higher ABA concentrations of WT plants at the same soil moisture suggested root hairs may be important in mediating shoot water status of rice seedlings.展开更多
Plant root systems serve as a natural reinforcing material,significantly improving soil stability.Furthermore,the tensile strength of soil is crucial in mitigating the formation of cracks.Consequently,this study aims ...Plant root systems serve as a natural reinforcing material,significantly improving soil stability.Furthermore,the tensile strength of soil is crucial in mitigating the formation of cracks.Consequently,this study aims to investigate the influence of plant roots on the tensile strength of soil.For this investigation,Amorpha fruticose was selected due to its large root diameter and the ease of root extraction.Indoor tensile tests were conducted on individual roots and root-soil complexes under three varying factors.The results indicate a power law relationship between root diameter and tensile strength.Increased root content and dry density notably enhance the tensile strength of the root-soil complex while roots mitigate damage associated with soil brittleness.When root content increases from 0 to 10,the maximum enhancement in tensile strength of the root-soil complex reaches 42.3 kPa.The tensile strength of the root-soil complex at a dry density of 1.7 g/cm^(3)is four to five times greater than that of the complex at a dry density of 1.4 g/cm^(3).Moreover,as moisture content increases,the tensile strength of the root-soil complex initially rises before declining,with an increase range of 7.7-35.8 kPa.These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the role of vegetation roots in soil tensile strength and for guiding slope reinforcement strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND The numbers of mandibular first premolar roots and root canals vary,and the incidence of three roots and three canals is 0.09%.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we review the root and root canal conditions for t...BACKGROUND The numbers of mandibular first premolar roots and root canals vary,and the incidence of three roots and three canals is 0.09%.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we review the root and root canal conditions for the mandibular first premolar and report the case of a mandibular left first premolar with three roots and three canals in a male patient,with suggestions for clinical diagnosis and treatment.The patient was referred by an orthodontist for the extraction of the tooth.Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography examination revealed that it had three roots.Under local anesthesia,the extraction socket was carefully expanded,and the tooth was successfully removed intact using forceps.The procedure was uneventful,with no root fractures,postoperative bleeding,or sensory abnormality observed.CONCLUSION The mandibular first premolar is characterized by multiple roots and canal variations that can increase the difficulty of treatment.展开更多
Optimizing root system architecture(RSA)is essential for plants because of its critical role in acquiring water and nutrients from the soil.However,the subterranean nature of roots complicates the measurement of RSA t...Optimizing root system architecture(RSA)is essential for plants because of its critical role in acquiring water and nutrients from the soil.However,the subterranean nature of roots complicates the measurement of RSA traits.Recently developed rhizobox methods allow for the rapid acquisition of root images.Nevertheless,effective and precise approaches for extracting RSA features from these images remain underdeveloped.Deep learning(DL)technology can enhance image segmentation and facilitate RSA trait extraction.However,comprehensive pipelines that integrate DL technologies into image-based root phenotyping techniques are still scarce,hampering their implementation.To address this challenge,we present a reproducible pipeline(faCRSA)for automated RSA traits analysis,consisting of three modules:(1)the RSA traits extraction module functions to segment soil-root images and calculate RSA traits.A lightweight convolutional neural network(CNN)named RootSeg was proposed for efficient and accurate segmentation;(2)the data storage module,which stores image and text data from other modules;and(3)the web application module,which allows researchers to analyze data online in a user-friendly manner.The correlation coefficients(R^(2))of total root length,root surface area,and root volume calculated from faCRSA and manually measured results were 0.96**,0.97**,and 0.93**,respectively,with root mean square errors(RMSE)of 8.13 cm,1.68 cm^(2),and 0.05 cm^(3),processed at a rate of 9.74 s per image,indicating satisfying accuracy.faCRSA has also demonstrated satisfactory performance in dynamically monitoring root system changes under various stress conditions,such as drought or waterlogging.The detailed code and deployable package of faCRSA are provided for researchers with the potential to replace manual and semi-automated methods.展开更多
With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared...With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared at the seedling stage.P-efficient cultivars showed root morphological adaptation,high P uptake activity,and greater phospholipid degradation under low P stress.Improving root morphological adaptation and reducing lipid-P allocation could allow increasing PUE in rapeseed seedlings.展开更多
A hair tonic containing 1.0%Arctium lappa root extract(ALRE)was evaluated for its efficacy and tolerability in Chinese consumers.ALRE was selected based on its ability to promote Collagen Type XVII Alpha 1(COL17A1)syn...A hair tonic containing 1.0%Arctium lappa root extract(ALRE)was evaluated for its efficacy and tolerability in Chinese consumers.ALRE was selected based on its ability to promote Collagen Type XVII Alpha 1(COL17A1)synthesis,along with other active ingredients targeting scalp health and follicular regeneration.In vitro assays confirmed that ALRE significantly enhanced COL17A1 expression.A 28-day clinical trial involving Chinese participants demonstrated that the tonic reduced hair loss by 37.61%and increased local hair density by 26.63%,with no reported adverse effects.These findings validate the product’s effectiveness in a distinct consumer population and highlight the importance of integrating mechanistic insights with clinical validation.Further research should explore long-term efficacy and demographic-specific responses to optimize its application.展开更多
基金supported by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture(BMEL)and the Federal Ministry for the Environment,Nature Conservation,Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection(BMUV)through the Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V.(FNR)(grant no.2218 WK53X4).
文摘Increasing evidence suggests that fine roots are particularly sensitive to environmental changes,making them essential in responding and adapting forest ecosystems to climate change.However,we still lack a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control fine root plasticity.The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil moisture changes on fine root dynamics and morphology of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.).We conducted a 30-month study of fine root traits,i.e.,fine root biomass(FRB),productivity,mortality,turnover,specific root length(SRL),specific root area(SRA),and root tip frequency(RTF),along a soil moisture gradient from dry,intermediate,and wet conditions in a near-natural mature beech forest.Sequential root coring with accompanying soil measurements was carried out at three study sites reflecting the gradient in soil water availability.For most fine root traits,we found significant differences between the upper 10 cm and lower soil depths.FRB showed significant differences between study sites,with the lowest FRB at the dry site.However,productivity,turnover,SRL,SRA,and RTF showed no significant differences between sites,but a high variability between seasons,suggesting an adaptation to short-term fluctuations but not to long-term gradients in soil water content(SWC).Linear mixed models revealed that decreasing SWC led to a significant increase in SRL,SRA,and RTF(standardized coefficients:-1.0±0.46,-1.1±0.46,and-1.1±0.43,respectively).Our observations indicate an adaptation strategy of beech to low availability of soil water and drought by forming thin absorptive roots and by maintaining a high seasonal plasticity to tolerate fluctuations in soil moisture.By highlighting the belowground morphological adaptations of mature forests to low soil water availability,our results provide novel insights into the structure and dynamics of forest ecosystem adaptations to climate change.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0001)High-end Foreign Expert Introduction program(No.G2022165004L)+1 种基金High-end Foreign Expert Introduction program(No.DL2021165001L)The fi-nancial supports are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Plant root systems,a crucial component of biogeotechnics,have been recognized as a promising and sustainable strategy to address novel challenges in geotechnical engineering,i.e.,climate change(Ng et al.,2022).Root-soil composite and root-reinforced slopes have re-ceived widespread attention in recent decades,due to the ability of root to regulate soil properties through mechanical reinforcement and hy-draulic transpiration(Li&Duan,2023;Ni et al.,2024).Fig.1 provides a co-occurrence network plot of plant root-based soil reinforcement strategies published over the last decade,where three clusters are identified with different colors.On the left of the network map,clusters in red and blue are primarily driven by geotechnical investigations of vegetated slopes(i.e.,plant root reinforced slopes)and root-soil com-posite/root-permeated soils,as denoted by the terms like"model","test","slope","strength"and"vegetation",while the green cluster on the right side demonstrates botany-related domains,for instance,"plant growth",Indeed,the reinforcement of vegetated soil strength is com-plex and varies significantly with an abundance of factors,both me-chanically and hydraulically.Particularly,the impact of root mor-phology and architecture cannot be negligible,including keywords"root area ratio"root distribution""root morphology"root diame-ter"root density"in Fig.1 with the root size and root depth ranking foremost.
文摘Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
文摘Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology,root systems can be classified as taproot systems or fibrous root systems.Root system architecture(RSA)refers to the spatial distribution and extension patterns of roots within soil,encompassing characteristics such as root length,branching angle,density,and spatial arrangement.RSA not only determines the plant’s capacity to acquire water and nutrients but also influences other root functions,playing a decisive role in overall plant health.
基金funded by the Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project(Guike AD22080050)the Basic Research Ability Improvement Project of Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Universities in Guangxi(2022KY0386)+1 种基金the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf,Ministry of Education,Nanning Normal University(NNNU-KLOP-K2202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42471055).
文摘Root system architecture has often been overlooked in plant research despite its critical role in plant adaptation to environmental conditions.This study focused on the root system architecture of the desert shrub Reaumuria soongorica in the Alxa steppe desert,Northwest China.Plant samples were collected during May-September 2019.Using excavation methods,in situ measurements,and root scanning techniques,we analyzed the root distribution,topology,and branching patterns of R.soongorica across an age sequence of 7-51 a.Additionally,we investigated the allometric relationships of root collar diameter with total coarse root length,biomass,and topological parameters.The results showed that the roots of R.soongorica were predominantly concentrated in shallow soil layers(10-50 cm),with lateral root branching and biomass allocation increasing with shrub age.The root topology exhibited a herringbone-like structure,with average topological and modified topological indices of 0.89 and 0.96,respectively,both of which adjusted with shrub age.The root system displayed a self-similar branching pattern,maintaining a constant cross-sectional area ratio of 1.13 before and after branching,deviating from the area-preserving rule.These adaptive traits allow R.soongorica to efficiently expand its nutrient acquisition zone,minimize internal competition,and optimize resource uptake from the upper soil layers.Furthermore,significant linear relationships were observed between log10-transformed root collar diameter and log10-transformed total coarse root length,biomass,and topological parameters.These findings advance non-destructive approaches for studying root characteristics and contribute to the development of root-related models.Besides,this study provides new insights into the adaptive strategies of R.soongorica under extreme drought conditions,offering valuable guidance for species selection and cultivation in desert restoration efforts.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42267024,42041006)the Youth Research Fund Project of Qinghai University,China(2023-QGY-10).
文摘Soil erosion and shallow landslides in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,China,are increasing due to extreme climate events and human disturbances.The biomechanical properties of vegetation roots play an important role in soil stabilization and fixation,as they resist soil erosion and shallow landslides in this area.However,the biomechanical properties of the roots of dominant herbs and their influencing factors in this area remain poorly understood.Therefore,we selected two dominant herbs in this area,Stipa aliena Keng and Poa crymophila Keng,and carried out a series of uniaxial tensile tests on the roots of the two herbs under different treatments.Meanwhile,the effects of root diameter,plant species,gauge length,root water content,and loading rate on the biomechanical properties of the two herbs'roots were analyzed.The results showed that root diameter was the most significant factor affecting the root biomechanical properties(P<0.010),and root tensile force displayed a positive power law relationship with root diameter,whereas root tensile strength and Young's modulus followed negative power law correlations with root diameter,and fracture strain increased linearly with root diameter.Root tensile force,tensile strength,and fracture strain of S.aliena were significantly greater than those of P.crymophila(P<0.001),which was mainly due to the higher lignin content and lignin:cellulose ratio of S.aliena roots.During uniaxial tensile process,hydrated roots exhibited elastic-plastic-brittle behavior,whereas dried roots exhibited elastic-brittle behavior.Root fracture strain of the two herbs was significantly lower under 100 mm gauge length than under 50 mm gauge length(P<0.001),and the Young's modulus was significantly greater(P<0.050).Tensile strength and fracture strain of hydrated roots of the two herbs were significantly greater than those of dried roots(P<0.050),whereas the Young's modulus was significantly lower(P<0.001).Root tensile force,tensile strength,and fracture strain of S.aliena were significantly greater under 20 mm/min loading rate than under 200 mm/min loading rate(P<0.050),whereas loading rate had no significant effect on the root biomechanical properties of P.crymophila(P>0.050).Fibrous roots of the two herbs were well developed,with relatively high tensile strengths and Young's moduli of 78.498 and 837.901 MPa for S.aliena,and 67.541 and 901.184 MPa for P.crymophila,respectively.The two herbs can stabilize soil and prevent soil erosion and can be used as pioneer species for ecological restoration in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.These results provide a theoretical basis for soil erosion and shallow landslide control in the giant landslide area of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.
文摘To study growth responses of the roots of Panicum miliaceum L. to heterogeneous supply of nutrients. The authors analyzed the effects of the nutrient levels in both original patches (O) and destination patches (D) on the root growth of P. miliaceum when its roots were allowed to extend from original patch into destination patch. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were low, coarse root biomass ratio (coarse root biomass in the D/total coarse root biomass), coarse root length ratio (coarse root length in the D/total coarse root length), coarse root surface area ratio (coarse root surface area in the D/total coarse root surface area) and fine root length ratio (fine root length in the D/total fine root length) were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, while fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface index, and fine root surface area density were smaller in the former than in the latter. When the nutrient levels in the original patches were high, fine root length, fine root length density, fine root surface area index and fine root surface density were greater in the destination patches with lower nutrient levels than in the destination patches with higher nutrient levels, coarse roots did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly. When the roots extended from the original patches with the same nutrient level into the destination patches with contrasting nutrient levels, fine root biomass and its percentage allocation did not respond to the nutrient levels in the destination patches significantly, whereas both root length and root surface area did. This indicates that the fine roots of P. miliaceum responded to difference in nutrient supply by plasticity in their length and surface area, rather than in their root biomass.
基金supported by the Qinghai Science and Technology Department Project(2025-QY-225)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42267024)the Second Comprehensive Scientific Investigation and Research Project of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(2019QZKK0905).
文摘The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China faces challenges like thaw slumping,threatening slope stability and infrastructure.Understanding the mechanical properties of the roots of the dominant herbaceous plant species in the alpine meadow layer of the permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is essential for evaluating their role in enhancing soil shear strength and mitigating slope deformation in these fragile environments.In this study,the roots of four dominant herbaceous plant species—Kobresia pygmaea,Kobresia humilis,Carex moorcroftii,and Leontopodium pusillum—that are widely distributed in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were explored to determine their mechanical properties and effects in enhancing soil shear strength.Through indoor single root tensile and root group tensile tests,we determined the root diameter,tensile force,tensile strength,tensile ratio,and strength frequency distributions.We also evaluated their contributions to inhibiting slope deformation and failure during the formation and development of thermal thaw slumps in the alpine meadow.The results showed that the distribution of the root diameter of the dominant plant species is mostly normal,while the tensile strength tends to be logarithmically normally distributed.The relationship between the root diameter and root tensile strength conforms to a power function.The theoretical tensile strength of the root group was calculated using the Wu-Waldron Model(WWM)and the Fiber Bundle Model(FBM)under the assumption that the cumulative single tensile strength of the root bundle is identical to the tensile strength of the root group in the WWM.The FBM considers three fracture modes:FBM-D(the tensile force on each single root is proportional to its diameter relative to the total sum of all the root diameters),FBM-S(the cross-sectional stress in the root bundle is uniform),and FBM-N(each tensile strength test of individual roots experiences an equal load).It was found that the model-calculated tensile strength of the root group was 162.60%higher than the test value.The model-derived tensile force of the root group from the FBM-D,FBM-S,and FBM-N was 73.10%,28.91%,and 13.47%higher than the test values,respectively.The additional cohesion of the soil provided by the roots was calculated to be 25.90-45.06 kPa using the modified WWM,67.05-38.15 kPa using the FBM-S,and 57.24-32.74 kPa using the FBM-N.These results not only provide a theoretical basis for further quantitative evaluation of the mechanical effects of the root systems of herbaceous plant species in reinforcing the surface soil but also have practical significance for the effective prevention and control of thermal thaw slumping disasters in the permafrost regions containing native alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau using flexible plant protection measures.
基金Supported by 2021 Disciplinary Construction Project in School of Dentistry,Anhui Medical University,No.2021kqxkFY05.
文摘BACKGROUND Complicated crown–root fracture (CRF) involves severe injury to the crown, root,and pulp, and may be accompanied by multiple root fractures. The loss of a toothhas lifelong consequences for children and teenagers, but the maintenance of pulphealth and the calcific healing of multiple root fractures are rarely reported in theliterature.CASE SUMMARY This case reports healing of a permanent tooth with complicated crown–root andadditional root fractures, in which pulp health was maintained. A 10-year-old girlfell and fractured the root of her maxillary left central incisor at the cervical level.After the coronal fragment was repositioned, the tooth was splinted until thetooth was no longer mobile, 2 years later. Eight years after treatment, the toothhas remained asymptomatic with vital pulp and localized gingival overgrowth.Cone-beam computed tomography revealed not only calcified healing of the CRFbut also spontaneous healing in an additional undiagnosed root fracture. Thefracture line on the enamel could not be healed by hard tissue and formed agroove in the cervical crown. It was speculated that the groove was related to thelocalized gingival overgrowth.CONCLUSION This case provides a clinical perspective of the treatment of a tooth with acomplicated CRF and an additional root fracture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160440)the Manas County National Hybrid Corn Seed Production Base Construction Project,China(MNSZZDX-2021-01)the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2022YFF1003304)。
文摘Maize root system plays a crucial role in the development of the aboveground plant and determines the yield through the uptake of water and nutrients in the field.However,the genetic architecture of the maize root system is largely unknown mainly due to its complexity and the interactions between genotype and environment.Using a high-throughput semi-automatic hydroponic platform with stable conditions,we comprehensively characterized the root system in a core population of 518 diverse inbred lines of maize.Population structure analysis revealed that the panel has stratification and a linkage disequilibrium decay distance of less than 50 kb.Based on genotyping with the high-density 600 K SNPs,we conducted a genome wide association analysis(GWAS)and identified nine SNPs and seven candidate genes significantly associated with 24 traits.One candidate gene,GRMZM2G400533,is located at the upstream 5 kb region from the leading SNP(AX-91771718)and was significantly associated with primary root length and preferentially expressed in the primary root and crown root.Expression of GRMZM2G400533 increased as the primary root developed but was negatively correlated with primary root elongation.An analysis of candidate gene GRMZM2G400533 identified three functional variants and eight allelic haplotypes.This study will broaden our understanding of maize root development and provide a theoretical basis for maize improvement through optimization of the root system.
文摘The reproduction of grapevine genotypes,one of the most important species in the world,while preserving their genetic characteristics,is practically done by rooting cuttings.Adventive rooting of cutting studies for seedling production in nursery conditions often remain below the expected productivity level due to biotic and abiotic stress-related reasons.Studies to increase nursery yields are still on the agenda of grapevine researchers.In this study,the effects of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)produced by the green synthesis method using grape seed extract and AgNO3 on rooting and vegetative growth of the standard(TS 4027)cuttings taken during the dormancy period of Vitis vinifera L.cvs Ekşi Kara and GökÜzüm were investigated under greenhouse conditions.Cuttings treated by keeping in 0.1,0.2 g·L^(−1)AgNPs,0.1,0.2 g·L^(−1)IBA aqueous solutions for 24 h were planted in black,1 L volume seedling bags filled with 1:1 peat:perlite in the greenhouse,while the control was kept in pure water for 24 h and planted.Changes in sprouting rate,plant transformation rate,shoot length,shoot diameter,number of nodes,stomatal conductance,leaf temperature,photosynthetic efficiency,leaf fresh and dry weight,SPAD,root number,root length,root fresh and root weight were examined in developing seedlings.In evaluating the effects of AgNPs and Indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)treatments on cutting rooting and vegetative development,ANOVA,post hoc analysis with the Tukey test,and Principal Component Analyses(PCAs)were used to better understand and depict the correlations between the examined variables.This analysis method was performed using ggplot2 in the R Studio program.The heatmap generated by the pheatmap package was used to visualize the correlation and variation.As a result of this study,AgNPs applications were found to be more effective than IBA treatments in the rooting of grapevine cuttings and the vegetative development of young plants.In conclusion,0.1 g·L^(−1)AgNPs can be tested as a support and/or economical alternative to IBA for the promotion of rooting of cuttings and vegetative development of young plants for subsequent clonal propagation.
文摘Root resorption is a significant complication in orthodontic treatment,with thin roots and reciprocal movement being recognized as high-risk factors.This paper reports a case of a 19-year-old female patient who underwent orthodontic treatment for dental irregularity.The patient had thin roots in the maxillary lateral incisors 12 and 22.During treatment,tooth 22 experienced reciprocal movement of labial expansion followed by retraction,while tooth 12 adopted passive ligation to reduce reciprocal movement.After 23 months of straight-wire extraction treatment,good occlusal relationships were achieved,but significant root resorption occurred in teeth 12 and 22,with tooth 22 showing more severe resorption.This case confirms the synergistic effect between thin roots and reciprocal movement,demonstrating that thin roots are more sensitive to reciprocal movement stimulation,producing a synergistic amplification effect.Additionally,standardized nursing guidance and patient compliance management play important roles in reducing resorption risk.This case emphasizes the importance of pretreatment risk assessment,individualized treatment strategy formulation,and comprehensive nursing intervention throughout treatment,providing reference for clinical prevention of root resorption.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071943, 31872853, 31871557)Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and Yangzhou University (JS-2020-217)+3 种基金Zhejiang A&F University Research Development Fund (2023LFR003)in receipt of a Newton Advanced Fellowship (NA160430)the European Union SHui Project (773903)the GCRF RECIRCULATE (ES/P010857/1) Project
文摘Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice rhizosheath development and shoot water relations at seedling stage in drying soil are unclear.Wild-type(WT)seedlings with root hairs and its root hairless mutant rth2 were watered every 2 or 4 d,with root hair,whole root and shoot traits determined.Less frequent irrigation significantly increased rhizosheath of both genotypes by 14%during the seedling stage.Although root exudates from rth2 adhered 54%more soil than WT,facilitating rhizosheath development,root hairs and 25%greater lateral root proliferation of WT seedlings allowed 48%more rhizosheath especially in older seedlings.Greater root hair length,root hair length density and root hair number/root surface area on lateral than axial roots especially enhanced WT rhizosheath development.Soil water deficit increased root and leaf ABA concentrations especially in WT seedlings,causing stomatal closure that contributed to increased leaf water potential.In 36-d-old seedlings,10%greater shoot biomass of WT plants than rth2 accompanied 15%higher root and 36%higher foliar ABA concentrations and ultimately lower stomatal conductance.Higher ABA concentrations of WT plants at the same soil moisture suggested root hairs may be important in mediating shoot water status of rice seedlings.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Joint Funds of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20232)Supported by Open Project Funding of Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes,Ministry of Education(HGKFZ07)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978249)Innovation Research Team Project of the Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(JCZRQT202500027)the International Collaborative Research Fund for Young Scholars in the Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes.
文摘Plant root systems serve as a natural reinforcing material,significantly improving soil stability.Furthermore,the tensile strength of soil is crucial in mitigating the formation of cracks.Consequently,this study aims to investigate the influence of plant roots on the tensile strength of soil.For this investigation,Amorpha fruticose was selected due to its large root diameter and the ease of root extraction.Indoor tensile tests were conducted on individual roots and root-soil complexes under three varying factors.The results indicate a power law relationship between root diameter and tensile strength.Increased root content and dry density notably enhance the tensile strength of the root-soil complex while roots mitigate damage associated with soil brittleness.When root content increases from 0 to 10,the maximum enhancement in tensile strength of the root-soil complex reaches 42.3 kPa.The tensile strength of the root-soil complex at a dry density of 1.7 g/cm^(3)is four to five times greater than that of the complex at a dry density of 1.4 g/cm^(3).Moreover,as moisture content increases,the tensile strength of the root-soil complex initially rises before declining,with an increase range of 7.7-35.8 kPa.These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the role of vegetation roots in soil tensile strength and for guiding slope reinforcement strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND The numbers of mandibular first premolar roots and root canals vary,and the incidence of three roots and three canals is 0.09%.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we review the root and root canal conditions for the mandibular first premolar and report the case of a mandibular left first premolar with three roots and three canals in a male patient,with suggestions for clinical diagnosis and treatment.The patient was referred by an orthodontist for the extraction of the tooth.Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography examination revealed that it had three roots.Under local anesthesia,the extraction socket was carefully expanded,and the tooth was successfully removed intact using forceps.The procedure was uneventful,with no root fractures,postoperative bleeding,or sensory abnormality observed.CONCLUSION The mandibular first premolar is characterized by multiple roots and canal variations that can increase the difficulty of treatment.
基金supported by the projects of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2301305)Jiangsu Innovation Support Program for International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(BZ2023049)+2 种基金the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272213)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP).
文摘Optimizing root system architecture(RSA)is essential for plants because of its critical role in acquiring water and nutrients from the soil.However,the subterranean nature of roots complicates the measurement of RSA traits.Recently developed rhizobox methods allow for the rapid acquisition of root images.Nevertheless,effective and precise approaches for extracting RSA features from these images remain underdeveloped.Deep learning(DL)technology can enhance image segmentation and facilitate RSA trait extraction.However,comprehensive pipelines that integrate DL technologies into image-based root phenotyping techniques are still scarce,hampering their implementation.To address this challenge,we present a reproducible pipeline(faCRSA)for automated RSA traits analysis,consisting of three modules:(1)the RSA traits extraction module functions to segment soil-root images and calculate RSA traits.A lightweight convolutional neural network(CNN)named RootSeg was proposed for efficient and accurate segmentation;(2)the data storage module,which stores image and text data from other modules;and(3)the web application module,which allows researchers to analyze data online in a user-friendly manner.The correlation coefficients(R^(2))of total root length,root surface area,and root volume calculated from faCRSA and manually measured results were 0.96**,0.97**,and 0.93**,respectively,with root mean square errors(RMSE)of 8.13 cm,1.68 cm^(2),and 0.05 cm^(3),processed at a rate of 9.74 s per image,indicating satisfying accuracy.faCRSA has also demonstrated satisfactory performance in dynamically monitoring root system changes under various stress conditions,such as drought or waterlogging.The detailed code and deployable package of faCRSA are provided for researchers with the potential to replace manual and semi-automated methods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2301200)National Nature Science Foundation of China(32172662).
文摘With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared at the seedling stage.P-efficient cultivars showed root morphological adaptation,high P uptake activity,and greater phospholipid degradation under low P stress.Improving root morphological adaptation and reducing lipid-P allocation could allow increasing PUE in rapeseed seedlings.
文摘A hair tonic containing 1.0%Arctium lappa root extract(ALRE)was evaluated for its efficacy and tolerability in Chinese consumers.ALRE was selected based on its ability to promote Collagen Type XVII Alpha 1(COL17A1)synthesis,along with other active ingredients targeting scalp health and follicular regeneration.In vitro assays confirmed that ALRE significantly enhanced COL17A1 expression.A 28-day clinical trial involving Chinese participants demonstrated that the tonic reduced hair loss by 37.61%and increased local hair density by 26.63%,with no reported adverse effects.These findings validate the product’s effectiveness in a distinct consumer population and highlight the importance of integrating mechanistic insights with clinical validation.Further research should explore long-term efficacy and demographic-specific responses to optimize its application.
