[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which wer...[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.展开更多
Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological process...Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological processes,including vascular smooth muscle relaxation,myocardial cell function regulation,neuron growth,and synaptic plasticity,et al.In recent years,the role of PKG in diseases has gradually attracted attention,and the abnormalities in its signaling pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Although PKG has been widely studied,its complex functions in different physiological systems and potential innovative applications still need to be further explored.This article reviews the purification techniques for PKG,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods,summarizes the structure and activation mechanism of each domain of PKG,and analyzes the physiological functions of PKG in organisms,especially the well-established roles in the cardiovascular system,nervous system,and endocrine system.The emerging therapeutic applications of PKG are also reviewed.In addition,the challenges of this field are proposed at the end.展开更多
With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed,plant functional substances have been widely studied as feed additives.Resveratrol,a natural stilbene,and a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in plants,possesses antioxidant,an...With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed,plant functional substances have been widely studied as feed additives.Resveratrol,a natural stilbene,and a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in plants,possesses antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and metabolic regulatory features.Resveratrol generated intense scientific and public interest,primarily due to its widely reported ability to prevent cancer,delay aging and alleviate related metabolic diseases.Recently,resveratrol has been studied and applied as a feed additive in animal production.This review focuses on the outline of the absorption and metabolism and biological functions of resveratrol and summarizes the application of dietary resveratrol in animal production up to the present,including pigs,poultry,and ruminants.In pigs,dietary resveratrol improved intestinal health,mitochondrial function,meat quality,and more.In poultry,studies have shown that dietary resveratrol improves growth performance and meat and egg quality and alleviates heat stress induced adverse effects.There are few studies on dietary resveratrol in ruminants;however previous studies have indicated that dietary resveratrol increases nutrient digestibility and reduces methane emissions in sheep.It is hoped that this review could provide a specific theoretical basis and research ideas for the research and application of resveratrol.展开更多
Resveratrol(Res)is a non-flavonoid polyphenol compound containing a stilbene structure,which mainly exists in grape,peanut,mulberry,Polygonum cuspidatum and other plants.It has a variety of biological activity such as...Resveratrol(Res)is a non-flavonoid polyphenol compound containing a stilbene structure,which mainly exists in grape,peanut,mulberry,Polygonum cuspidatum and other plants.It has a variety of biological activity such as anti-oxidation,anti-aging,anti-tumor and cardiovascular disease prevention.In this paper,we reviewed the current research on resveratrol s biological activity and application,and prospected the application potential and development prospects of resveratrol in food,health products and biomedicine.展开更多
Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity o...Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity of animals and improving gastrointestinal mieroflora. Lysozyme is non-toxic to livestock and poultry without drug residue or side effects, which is a novel green health-care feed additive. In this paper, the types, function mechanisms and physiological functions of lysozyme and its application in livestock industry were summarized, aiming at providing a scientific basis for the application of lysozyme in animal feeds.展开更多
As a product in the process of insulin synthesis, C-peptide’s physiological function is still not very clear. Recent studies have shown that C-peptide has many potential cell targets and has biological effects on a v...As a product in the process of insulin synthesis, C-peptide’s physiological function is still not very clear. Recent studies have shown that C-peptide has many potential cell targets and has biological effects on a variety of tissue systems in humans and other animals. In this paper, the effects of C-peptide on diabetic complications, reproductive endocrine system, blood system, tissue repair, and neoplastic diseases were reviewed to provide references for further clarification of c-peptide related problems.展开更多
Resveratrol possesses beneficial biological effects, which include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Recently, resveratrol has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in models of...Resveratrol possesses beneficial biological effects, which include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Recently, resveratrol has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson＇s disease, cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer＇s disease. However, its effects on vascular dementia remain unclear. The present study established a rat model of vascular dementia using permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. At 8-12 weeks after model induction, rats were intragastrically administered 25 mg/kg resveratrol daily. Our results found that resveratrol shortened the escape latency and escape distances in the Morris water maze, and pro- longed the time spent percentage and swimming distance percentage in the target quadrant during the probe test, indicating that resveratrol improved learning and memory ability in vascular dementia rats. Further experiments found that resveratrol decreased malonyldialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of vascular dementia rats. These results confirmed that the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on vascular dementia were associated with its anti-oxidant properties.展开更多
Resveratrol(3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene,RSV) has been widely used in mammalian cells,but whether it can be used during freezing boar semen is still unknown.The effects of RSV treatment during boar semen freezing on its...Resveratrol(3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene,RSV) has been widely used in mammalian cells,but whether it can be used during freezing boar semen is still unknown.The effects of RSV treatment during boar semen freezing on its anti-freezing ability,apoptosis,and possible apoptotic pathways were observed in this study.Sperm motility,mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm),adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)-positive apoptotic state,and messenger RNA(mRNA) expression levels of apoptotic genes involved in different apoptotic pathways after freezing with or without RSV treatment were tested.The results showed that:(1) Compared with fresh sperm,the motility,normal acrosome rate,and plasma membrane integrity rate of frozen boar sperm decreased significantly(P<0.05),and RSV did not significantly increase the sperm motility(0.44 vs.0.40,P>0.05),but it did significantly improve the normal acrosome rate(57.65% vs.47.00%,P<0.05) and plasma membrane integrity rate(46.67% vs.38.85%,P<0.05).(2) After freezing,most boar sperm showed low mitochondrial ΔΨm.RSV treatment could increase the rate of high mitochondrial ΔΨm of boar sperm.(3) RSV treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels(58.65% vs.88.41%,P<0.05)and increased the ATP content(0.49 μmol/L vs.0.25 μmol/L,P<0.05) of boar sperm during freezing.(4) The apoptotic rate of the freezing group(80.41%) with TUNEL detection increased significantly compared to the fresh group(9.70%,P<0.05),and RSV treatment greatly decreased the apoptotic rate(68.32%,P<0.05).(5) Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) showed that not only the genes from the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),Fas ligand(FasL),and Caspase-8),but also the genes from the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway(manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD),B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),and Caspase-9) were both significantly changed after freezing.RSV treatment during freezing greatly changed their expression levels.Although RSV treatment during boar semen freezing did not significantly increase motility after thawing,it still played an efficient antioxidant role,which could enhance the mitochondrial function and decrease the apoptotic level induced by both the death receptor-and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.According to the Global Cancer Statistics,colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality,closely fo...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.According to the Global Cancer Statistics,colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality,closely followed by gastric cancer(GC).Environmental,dietary,and lifestyle factors including cigarette smoking,alcohol intake,and genetics are the most important risk factors for GI cancer.Furthermore,infections caused by Helicobacter pylori are a major cause of GC initiation.Despite improvements in conventional therapies,including surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,the length or quality of life of patients with advanced GI cancer is still poor because of delayed diagnosis,recurrence and side effect.Resveratrol(3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene;Res),a natural polyphenolic compound,reportedly has various pharmacologic functions including anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,and cardioprotective functions.Many studies have demonstrated that Res also exerts a chemopreventive effect on GI cancer.Research investigating the anti-cancer mechanism of Res for the prevention and treatment of GI cancer has implicated multiple pathways including oxidative stress,cell proliferation,and apoptosis.Therefore,this paper provides a review of the function and molecular mechanisms of Res in the prevention and treatment of GI cancer.展开更多
The aim of this study was to test if previous ingestion of compounds containing resveratrol or hydroxytyrosol, followed by an exhausting hand grip exercise, could induce an acute post-exercise increase in brachial blo...The aim of this study was to test if previous ingestion of compounds containing resveratrol or hydroxytyrosol, followed by an exhausting hand grip exercise, could induce an acute post-exercise increase in brachial blood flow. Six healthy subjects (three males and three females, 35 ± 7 years), 60 minutes after ingestion of a capsule containing 200 mg of resveratrol or 30 ml of extra virgin olive oil enriched with tyrosol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, performed a hand grip exercise equal to half of their maximum strength until they were no longer able to express the same force (2-day interval between tests). The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical evaluations. Brachial artery blood flow (Fba) and both blood velocity (Vba) and artery diameter (Dba) were assessed immediately after exercise cessation by means of colour Doppler ultrasound. After ingestion of the oil mixture the post-exercise value of Fba median was 2.4 times higher than that after ingestion of the resveratrol compound (P = 0.03), and also the Vba median concerning the hydroxytyrosol was 1.9 times higher than that of the resveratrol (P = 0.03). Both functional foods did not lead to a significant difference in the Dba medians. These results indicate that hydroxytyrosol, but not resveratrol, may be an effective adjuvant of recreational or agonistic, long-lasting sports performances, thanks to the powerful blood flow increment which can be obtained as soon as one hour from its oral intake.展开更多
Resveratrol(RSV),as a functional food component extracted from natural plants,has been widely studied and recognized in preventing and treating various diseases,with major mechanisms including executing anti-inflammat...Resveratrol(RSV),as a functional food component extracted from natural plants,has been widely studied and recognized in preventing and treating various diseases,with major mechanisms including executing anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation functions,and improving mitochondrial quality.Chronic diseases as non-communicable diseases are mainly caused by multiple factors,such as physiological decline and dysfunction in the body,and have become a significant challenge on public health worldwide.It is worth noting that chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease(AD),Parkinson's disease(PD),muscle atrophy,cardiovascular disease,obesity,and cancer are accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial function.Therefore,targeted regulation of mitochondria may be a meaningful way to prevent and treat chronic diseases.Increasing evidence has confirmed that RSV is actively involved in regulating mitochondria,and it has become an essential consideration to prevent and treat chronic diseases through targeting mitochondria and improving corresponding functions.In this article,current studies on RSV to optimize mitochondrial quality for preventing and alleviating chronic disease are systematically summarized,which can provide a theoretical reference for the development of functional foods or drugs to combat chronic diseases.展开更多
Resveratrol is a ployphenolic compound which has a wide variety of pharmacological activity. This paper reviewed the physicochemical properties of resveratrol and its purification technology including macroporous resi...Resveratrol is a ployphenolic compound which has a wide variety of pharmacological activity. This paper reviewed the physicochemical properties of resveratrol and its purification technology including macroporous resin method, high-speed countercurrent chromatography method, molecular imprinting method, membrane separation method, column chromatography method, two-aqueous phase extraction method and the combination of purification methods, so as to provide certain reference for further research and development.展开更多
The physiological mechanism of photosynthetic function and senescence of rice leaves was studied by using early rice variety Baliangyou 100 and late rice variety Weiyou 46, treated with controlled-release nitrogen fer...The physiological mechanism of photosynthetic function and senescence of rice leaves was studied by using early rice variety Baliangyou 100 and late rice variety Weiyou 46, treated with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF）, urea and no nitrogen fertilizer. CRNF showed obvious effects on delaying the senescence and prolonging photosynthetic function duration of rice leaves. Compared with urea, CRNF could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of functional leaves in both early and late rice varieties, and this difference between the treatments became larger as rice growth progressed; CRNF increased the activities of active oxygen scavenging enzymes super oxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD）, and decreased the accumulation amount of malondialdehyde （MDA） in functional leaves during leaf aging; Photosynthetic rate of functional leaves in CRNF treatment was significantly higher than that in urea treatment. The result also indicated that CRNF could effectively regulate the contents of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and abscisic acid （ABA） in functional leaves; IAA content was higher and ABA content was lower in CRNF treatment than those in urea treatment. Therefore, application of CRNF could increase the rice yield significantly due to these physiological changes in the functional leaves.展开更多
As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory,...As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immune regulation and hormone-like effects. Phytosterol does not show any toxicity to human and animals, and it is a new functional feed additive approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. This article generally reviewed the physiological function of phytosterol like regulation of cholesterol metabolism, antioxidation, hormone-like effects, and its application on animal, production like hypolipidemic and improving dairy animals＇ milk composition. The paper provides a reference for wide application of phytosterol in animal feed.展开更多
Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. How...Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. However, in recent years, their dynamic changes and contributions in physiological states have a significant attention. CRMs have specific phenotypes and functions in different cardiac chambers or locations of the heart and at different stages. They further show specific differentiation and development processes. The present review will summarize the new progress about the spatiotemporal distribution, potential developmental regulation, and their roles in cardiac development and aging as well as the translational potential of CRMs on cardiac diseases. Of course, the research tools for CRMs, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and key issues on CRMs will further be discussed.展开更多
Selenium(Se)-enriched lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are live bacteria preparations that accumulate and bio-transform inorganic Se into organic Se forms including Se-nanoparticles(SeNPs),Se-amino acids and selenoproteins.Se...Selenium(Se)-enriched lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are live bacteria preparations that accumulate and bio-transform inorganic Se into organic Se forms including Se-nanoparticles(SeNPs),Se-amino acids and selenoproteins.Se-enriched LAB can play the dual role of organic Se supplement and probiotic effects,and have great applications in the food and biomedical fields.Therefore,more and more attentions have been paid on the Se-enriched LAB.This paper firstly summarized the factors affecting the Se-enrichment efficiency of Se-enriched LAB,then discussed the metabolic mechanisms and physiological functions of Se-enriched LAB,and finally reviewed their applications in food production,in order to provide a guidance for the theoretical and practical implementation of Se-enriched LAB.We concluded that 1)both biomass and the amount of Se enrichment should be used as dual indicators to screen Se-enriched LAB and comprehensively optimize the influencing factors including initial Se concentration,pH,inoculation amount,species of LAB to ensure the Se enrichment efficiency.2)The metabolic mechanism underlining Se-enriched LAB needs to be further revealed,which will facilitate the production of higher value Se compounds by LAB.3)The proven physiological functions of Se-enriched LAB include 5 categories:antioxidant activity,antibacterial activity,improving the physical function of animals,detoxification and disease prevention.However,the application of Se-enriched LAB in medical field currently still lacks clinical research,and convincing clinical evidence of effectiveness for Se-enriched LAB on human being must be established.4)The application in the food field will benefit from the stable existence in the food system of Se-enriched LAB and public acceptance,which come before the various health benefits.In any case,the great potential value of Se-enriched LAB formulations deserves further comprehensive exploration and development.展开更多
Phytosterols are a kind of active ingredients in plants with various physiological functions.Phytosterols have a good effect in antagonizing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases.They also have physiologi...Phytosterols are a kind of active ingredients in plants with various physiological functions.Phytosterols have a good effect in antagonizing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases.They also have physiological functions including regulating growth,promoting protein synthesis,resisting inflammation,oxidation and cancer,and regulating immune and parahormones.In this paper,the physicochemical properties of phytosterols,the mechanism of lowering cholesterol,their application in food field and their development prospects were systematically reviewed.展开更多
G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest protein superfamily in the body,expressed in various tissues and organs,and are currently one of the most important clinical drug targets.Recently,a class of GPCRs wit...G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest protein superfamily in the body,expressed in various tissues and organs,and are currently one of the most important clinical drug targets.Recently,a class of GPCRs without endogenous ligands(orphan GPCRs)have been discovered.They exhibit different physiological functions in the body and act extensively on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.Among them,G protein-coupled receptor 124(GPR124)is an orphaned member of the G protein coupled receptor adhesion family that has attracted much attention.It plays a key role in promoting cerebral angiogenesis and maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier.It also associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia and atherosclerosis.However,the role of GPR124 in these diseases,the associated signaling pathways,and possible drug intervention targets are still unclear.This article summarizes the physiological effects,pharmacological effects and related signal pathways of GPR124 published in the field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases published in recent years,in order to provide a reference for the study of the role of GPR124 in the occurrence and development of diseases.展开更多
In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers su...In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Construction of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of BAAFS(KJCX201101010-22)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22374033,22174031,22407037)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2022B001).
文摘Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological processes,including vascular smooth muscle relaxation,myocardial cell function regulation,neuron growth,and synaptic plasticity,et al.In recent years,the role of PKG in diseases has gradually attracted attention,and the abnormalities in its signaling pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Although PKG has been widely studied,its complex functions in different physiological systems and potential innovative applications still need to be further explored.This article reviews the purification techniques for PKG,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods,summarizes the structure and activation mechanism of each domain of PKG,and analyzes the physiological functions of PKG in organisms,especially the well-established roles in the cardiovascular system,nervous system,and endocrine system.The emerging therapeutic applications of PKG are also reviewed.In addition,the challenges of this field are proposed at the end.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (TD2019C001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32002209)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (YQ2021C017)the Postdoctoral Foundation in Heilongjiang Province (LBHZ19005)the Academic Backbone Project of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHeilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed,plant functional substances have been widely studied as feed additives.Resveratrol,a natural stilbene,and a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in plants,possesses antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and metabolic regulatory features.Resveratrol generated intense scientific and public interest,primarily due to its widely reported ability to prevent cancer,delay aging and alleviate related metabolic diseases.Recently,resveratrol has been studied and applied as a feed additive in animal production.This review focuses on the outline of the absorption and metabolism and biological functions of resveratrol and summarizes the application of dietary resveratrol in animal production up to the present,including pigs,poultry,and ruminants.In pigs,dietary resveratrol improved intestinal health,mitochondrial function,meat quality,and more.In poultry,studies have shown that dietary resveratrol improves growth performance and meat and egg quality and alleviates heat stress induced adverse effects.There are few studies on dietary resveratrol in ruminants;however previous studies have indicated that dietary resveratrol increases nutrient digestibility and reduces methane emissions in sheep.It is hoped that this review could provide a specific theoretical basis and research ideas for the research and application of resveratrol.
基金The Innovation Team Construction Project of Hebei Province Phase Ⅱ Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(HBCT2018120207)Tangshan Science and Technology Planning Project(19150204E)Hebei Province Innovation Ability Promotion Plan Project(20567673H).
文摘Resveratrol(Res)is a non-flavonoid polyphenol compound containing a stilbene structure,which mainly exists in grape,peanut,mulberry,Polygonum cuspidatum and other plants.It has a variety of biological activity such as anti-oxidation,anti-aging,anti-tumor and cardiovascular disease prevention.In this paper,we reviewed the current research on resveratrol s biological activity and application,and prospected the application potential and development prospects of resveratrol in food,health products and biomedicine.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Program of North Jiangsu(BN2014076)
文摘Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity of animals and improving gastrointestinal mieroflora. Lysozyme is non-toxic to livestock and poultry without drug residue or side effects, which is a novel green health-care feed additive. In this paper, the types, function mechanisms and physiological functions of lysozyme and its application in livestock industry were summarized, aiming at providing a scientific basis for the application of lysozyme in animal feeds.
文摘As a product in the process of insulin synthesis, C-peptide’s physiological function is still not very clear. Recent studies have shown that C-peptide has many potential cell targets and has biological effects on a variety of tissue systems in humans and other animals. In this paper, the effects of C-peptide on diabetic complications, reproductive endocrine system, blood system, tissue repair, and neoplastic diseases were reviewed to provide references for further clarification of c-peptide related problems.
文摘Resveratrol possesses beneficial biological effects, which include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Recently, resveratrol has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson＇s disease, cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer＇s disease. However, its effects on vascular dementia remain unclear. The present study established a rat model of vascular dementia using permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. At 8-12 weeks after model induction, rats were intragastrically administered 25 mg/kg resveratrol daily. Our results found that resveratrol shortened the escape latency and escape distances in the Morris water maze, and pro- longed the time spent percentage and swimming distance percentage in the target quadrant during the probe test, indicating that resveratrol improved learning and memory ability in vascular dementia rats. Further experiments found that resveratrol decreased malonyldialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of vascular dementia rats. These results confirmed that the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on vascular dementia were associated with its anti-oxidant properties.
基金Project supported by the Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Academy Research Project(No.NSF201509)the Jiangsu University Brand Speciality Construction Work Founded Project(No.PPZY2015C230),China。
文摘Resveratrol(3,5,4’-trihydroxystilbene,RSV) has been widely used in mammalian cells,but whether it can be used during freezing boar semen is still unknown.The effects of RSV treatment during boar semen freezing on its anti-freezing ability,apoptosis,and possible apoptotic pathways were observed in this study.Sperm motility,mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm),adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)-positive apoptotic state,and messenger RNA(mRNA) expression levels of apoptotic genes involved in different apoptotic pathways after freezing with or without RSV treatment were tested.The results showed that:(1) Compared with fresh sperm,the motility,normal acrosome rate,and plasma membrane integrity rate of frozen boar sperm decreased significantly(P<0.05),and RSV did not significantly increase the sperm motility(0.44 vs.0.40,P>0.05),but it did significantly improve the normal acrosome rate(57.65% vs.47.00%,P<0.05) and plasma membrane integrity rate(46.67% vs.38.85%,P<0.05).(2) After freezing,most boar sperm showed low mitochondrial ΔΨm.RSV treatment could increase the rate of high mitochondrial ΔΨm of boar sperm.(3) RSV treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels(58.65% vs.88.41%,P<0.05)and increased the ATP content(0.49 μmol/L vs.0.25 μmol/L,P<0.05) of boar sperm during freezing.(4) The apoptotic rate of the freezing group(80.41%) with TUNEL detection increased significantly compared to the fresh group(9.70%,P<0.05),and RSV treatment greatly decreased the apoptotic rate(68.32%,P<0.05).(5) Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) showed that not only the genes from the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),Fas ligand(FasL),and Caspase-8),but also the genes from the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway(manganese superoxide dismutase(MnSOD),B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),and Caspase-9) were both significantly changed after freezing.RSV treatment during freezing greatly changed their expression levels.Although RSV treatment during boar semen freezing did not significantly increase motility after thawing,it still played an efficient antioxidant role,which could enhance the mitochondrial function and decrease the apoptotic level induced by both the death receptor-and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.21576254National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81903560Dalian Young Star of Science and Technology Project,No.2018RQ81.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.According to the Global Cancer Statistics,colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality,closely followed by gastric cancer(GC).Environmental,dietary,and lifestyle factors including cigarette smoking,alcohol intake,and genetics are the most important risk factors for GI cancer.Furthermore,infections caused by Helicobacter pylori are a major cause of GC initiation.Despite improvements in conventional therapies,including surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,the length or quality of life of patients with advanced GI cancer is still poor because of delayed diagnosis,recurrence and side effect.Resveratrol(3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene;Res),a natural polyphenolic compound,reportedly has various pharmacologic functions including anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,and cardioprotective functions.Many studies have demonstrated that Res also exerts a chemopreventive effect on GI cancer.Research investigating the anti-cancer mechanism of Res for the prevention and treatment of GI cancer has implicated multiple pathways including oxidative stress,cell proliferation,and apoptosis.Therefore,this paper provides a review of the function and molecular mechanisms of Res in the prevention and treatment of GI cancer.
文摘The aim of this study was to test if previous ingestion of compounds containing resveratrol or hydroxytyrosol, followed by an exhausting hand grip exercise, could induce an acute post-exercise increase in brachial blood flow. Six healthy subjects (three males and three females, 35 ± 7 years), 60 minutes after ingestion of a capsule containing 200 mg of resveratrol or 30 ml of extra virgin olive oil enriched with tyrosol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, performed a hand grip exercise equal to half of their maximum strength until they were no longer able to express the same force (2-day interval between tests). The nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical evaluations. Brachial artery blood flow (Fba) and both blood velocity (Vba) and artery diameter (Dba) were assessed immediately after exercise cessation by means of colour Doppler ultrasound. After ingestion of the oil mixture the post-exercise value of Fba median was 2.4 times higher than that after ingestion of the resveratrol compound (P = 0.03), and also the Vba median concerning the hydroxytyrosol was 1.9 times higher than that of the resveratrol (P = 0.03). Both functional foods did not lead to a significant difference in the Dba medians. These results indicate that hydroxytyrosol, but not resveratrol, may be an effective adjuvant of recreational or agonistic, long-lasting sports performances, thanks to the powerful blood flow increment which can be obtained as soon as one hour from its oral intake.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071176)the 14th Five-Year-Plan Advantageous and Characteristic Disciplines(Groups)of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province for Exercise and Brain Science from Hubei Provincial Department of Education+1 种基金the Chutian Scholar ProgramInnovative Start-Up Foundation from Wuhan Sports University to Ning Chen。
文摘Resveratrol(RSV),as a functional food component extracted from natural plants,has been widely studied and recognized in preventing and treating various diseases,with major mechanisms including executing anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation functions,and improving mitochondrial quality.Chronic diseases as non-communicable diseases are mainly caused by multiple factors,such as physiological decline and dysfunction in the body,and have become a significant challenge on public health worldwide.It is worth noting that chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease(AD),Parkinson's disease(PD),muscle atrophy,cardiovascular disease,obesity,and cancer are accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial function.Therefore,targeted regulation of mitochondria may be a meaningful way to prevent and treat chronic diseases.Increasing evidence has confirmed that RSV is actively involved in regulating mitochondria,and it has become an essential consideration to prevent and treat chronic diseases through targeting mitochondria and improving corresponding functions.In this article,current studies on RSV to optimize mitochondrial quality for preventing and alleviating chronic disease are systematically summarized,which can provide a theoretical reference for the development of functional foods or drugs to combat chronic diseases.
基金Supported by Hebei Provincial PhaseⅡModern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project(HBCT2018120207)Tangshan Science and Technology Planning Project(19150204E)Hebei Province Innovation Ability Promotion Plan Project(20567673H)。
文摘Resveratrol is a ployphenolic compound which has a wide variety of pharmacological activity. This paper reviewed the physicochemical properties of resveratrol and its purification technology including macroporous resin method, high-speed countercurrent chromatography method, molecular imprinting method, membrane separation method, column chromatography method, two-aqueous phase extraction method and the combination of purification methods, so as to provide certain reference for further research and development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270770)Foundation for Achievement Transfer(02EFN214301156) Key Subject Foundation of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(03-05).
文摘The physiological mechanism of photosynthetic function and senescence of rice leaves was studied by using early rice variety Baliangyou 100 and late rice variety Weiyou 46, treated with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF）, urea and no nitrogen fertilizer. CRNF showed obvious effects on delaying the senescence and prolonging photosynthetic function duration of rice leaves. Compared with urea, CRNF could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of functional leaves in both early and late rice varieties, and this difference between the treatments became larger as rice growth progressed; CRNF increased the activities of active oxygen scavenging enzymes super oxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD）, and decreased the accumulation amount of malondialdehyde （MDA） in functional leaves during leaf aging; Photosynthetic rate of functional leaves in CRNF treatment was significantly higher than that in urea treatment. The result also indicated that CRNF could effectively regulate the contents of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and abscisic acid （ABA） in functional leaves; IAA content was higher and ABA content was lower in CRNF treatment than those in urea treatment. Therefore, application of CRNF could increase the rice yield significantly due to these physiological changes in the functional leaves.
基金Supported by Major Project of National Spark Program(2011GA650001)
文摘As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immune regulation and hormone-like effects. Phytosterol does not show any toxicity to human and animals, and it is a new functional feed additive approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. This article generally reviewed the physiological function of phytosterol like regulation of cholesterol metabolism, antioxidation, hormone-like effects, and its application on animal, production like hypolipidemic and improving dairy animals＇ milk composition. The paper provides a reference for wide application of phytosterol in animal feed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32370984 and 82101914)Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(2019-WSN-122,China)+2 种基金Projects of International Cooperation from Jiangsu Province(BX2019100,China)Key Funds from the Health Commission of Jiangsu Province(ZD2021009,China)the Social Development Foundation of Zhenjiang(SH2022060,China).
文摘Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. However, in recent years, their dynamic changes and contributions in physiological states have a significant attention. CRMs have specific phenotypes and functions in different cardiac chambers or locations of the heart and at different stages. They further show specific differentiation and development processes. The present review will summarize the new progress about the spatiotemporal distribution, potential developmental regulation, and their roles in cardiac development and aging as well as the translational potential of CRMs on cardiac diseases. Of course, the research tools for CRMs, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and key issues on CRMs will further be discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project(31972050).
文摘Selenium(Se)-enriched lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are live bacteria preparations that accumulate and bio-transform inorganic Se into organic Se forms including Se-nanoparticles(SeNPs),Se-amino acids and selenoproteins.Se-enriched LAB can play the dual role of organic Se supplement and probiotic effects,and have great applications in the food and biomedical fields.Therefore,more and more attentions have been paid on the Se-enriched LAB.This paper firstly summarized the factors affecting the Se-enrichment efficiency of Se-enriched LAB,then discussed the metabolic mechanisms and physiological functions of Se-enriched LAB,and finally reviewed their applications in food production,in order to provide a guidance for the theoretical and practical implementation of Se-enriched LAB.We concluded that 1)both biomass and the amount of Se enrichment should be used as dual indicators to screen Se-enriched LAB and comprehensively optimize the influencing factors including initial Se concentration,pH,inoculation amount,species of LAB to ensure the Se enrichment efficiency.2)The metabolic mechanism underlining Se-enriched LAB needs to be further revealed,which will facilitate the production of higher value Se compounds by LAB.3)The proven physiological functions of Se-enriched LAB include 5 categories:antioxidant activity,antibacterial activity,improving the physical function of animals,detoxification and disease prevention.However,the application of Se-enriched LAB in medical field currently still lacks clinical research,and convincing clinical evidence of effectiveness for Se-enriched LAB on human being must be established.4)The application in the food field will benefit from the stable existence in the food system of Se-enriched LAB and public acceptance,which come before the various health benefits.In any case,the great potential value of Se-enriched LAB formulations deserves further comprehensive exploration and development.
文摘Phytosterols are a kind of active ingredients in plants with various physiological functions.Phytosterols have a good effect in antagonizing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases.They also have physiological functions including regulating growth,promoting protein synthesis,resisting inflammation,oxidation and cancer,and regulating immune and parahormones.In this paper,the physicochemical properties of phytosterols,the mechanism of lowering cholesterol,their application in food field and their development prospects were systematically reviewed.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960663,81860640)Key Project of Education Department of Hainan Province(No.Hnky2019ZD-25)。
文摘G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest protein superfamily in the body,expressed in various tissues and organs,and are currently one of the most important clinical drug targets.Recently,a class of GPCRs without endogenous ligands(orphan GPCRs)have been discovered.They exhibit different physiological functions in the body and act extensively on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.Among them,G protein-coupled receptor 124(GPR124)is an orphaned member of the G protein coupled receptor adhesion family that has attracted much attention.It plays a key role in promoting cerebral angiogenesis and maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier.It also associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia and atherosclerosis.However,the role of GPR124 in these diseases,the associated signaling pathways,and possible drug intervention targets are still unclear.This article summarizes the physiological effects,pharmacological effects and related signal pathways of GPR124 published in the field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases published in recent years,in order to provide a reference for the study of the role of GPR124 in the occurrence and development of diseases.
基金supported by the Shanghai New Three-year Action Plan for Public Health(Grant No.GWV-10.1-XK16)the US National Institute on Aging(RO1-AGO34479).
文摘In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.
