You are cordially invited to the 40th Topical Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry,which will be held from 15 to 17 August 2025 in Changchun,China.Changchun is a City of Science,Education,and Resor...You are cordially invited to the 40th Topical Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry,which will be held from 15 to 17 August 2025 in Changchun,China.Changchun is a City of Science,Education,and Resort with a population of more than 9 million.展开更多
On a sunny afternoon,Nelly Wahome mounted a smartphone on a tripod to film one of Mombasa’s tourist hotspots-Nyali Resort,a popular northern beach resort in Kenya.Wahome,25,shared the latest video clip via her TikTok...On a sunny afternoon,Nelly Wahome mounted a smartphone on a tripod to film one of Mombasa’s tourist hotspots-Nyali Resort,a popular northern beach resort in Kenya.Wahome,25,shared the latest video clip via her TikTok handle in a quest to enchant her followers with the day’s tourism scene along Nyali’s coastline.Within a few hours of uploading,her content attracted hundreds of views.展开更多
1 As autumn becomes winter,I eagerly anticipate December's reunion with my older brother,Don,at SilverStar Mountain Resort.Our annual“SilverStar time”has reconnected us over the past decade,filling me with excit...1 As autumn becomes winter,I eagerly anticipate December's reunion with my older brother,Don,at SilverStar Mountain Resort.Our annual“SilverStar time”has reconnected us over the past decade,filling me with excitement and reflection.展开更多
Shanghai Disney Resort broke ground on a new Spider⁃Man⁃themed land,a major expansion that represents a rising global investment interest in Chinas theme park sector.Located close to Zootopia,the new land includes the...Shanghai Disney Resort broke ground on a new Spider⁃Man⁃themed land,a major expansion that represents a rising global investment interest in Chinas theme park sector.Located close to Zootopia,the new land includes the parks first major Marvel⁃themed attraction-a high⁃energy thrill roller coaster featuring Spider⁃Man,one of the most popular Marvel superheroes,according to the company.展开更多
The establishment of happiness index evaluation system for tourism resorts is an effective approach to enhance the scientific development of resorts and the well-being of people. Through analyzing happiness indexes of...The establishment of happiness index evaluation system for tourism resorts is an effective approach to enhance the scientific development of resorts and the well-being of people. Through analyzing happiness indexes of population in tourism resorts, this study aims to provide references for the scientific development of resorts.展开更多
Chengde Mountain Resort and its outlying temples are the world's cultural heritage with a high value of appreciation and research in aesthetics.Man-made obstacles and its causes for enjoying beautiful scenery of t...Chengde Mountain Resort and its outlying temples are the world's cultural heritage with a high value of appreciation and research in aesthetics.Man-made obstacles and its causes for enjoying beautiful scenery of the Resort were analyzed from an aesthetic view in this study,and the solving countermeasures were also proposed.展开更多
Based on the introduction about the gardening conception,layout and method of Chengde Imperial Summer Resort,this study analyzed the eco-consciousness in the gardening and the landscape benefits,ecological benefits,so...Based on the introduction about the gardening conception,layout and method of Chengde Imperial Summer Resort,this study analyzed the eco-consciousness in the gardening and the landscape benefits,ecological benefits,social benefits and economic benefits it has generated.展开更多
To study the investment activities of tourism developers in suburban tourism destinations of metropolis.421 holiday resorts around Beijing City are selected to study the evolution process of their economic types and d...To study the investment activities of tourism developers in suburban tourism destinations of metropolis.421 holiday resorts around Beijing City are selected to study the evolution process of their economic types and development modes.The results show that the development mode of holiday resorts in suburban Beijing is guided by state investment,collectively operated by rural residents,and supplemented by private or other investment types.展开更多
Relevant ecotourism theories were applied to further investigate the mushrooming cave dwelling resorts on the Loess Plateau.By introducing the present development of cave dwelling settlements in the study area,types o...Relevant ecotourism theories were applied to further investigate the mushrooming cave dwelling resorts on the Loess Plateau.By introducing the present development of cave dwelling settlements in the study area,types of cave dwelling resort was summarized:historic cave dwelling resort based on high cultural value,artistic value and aesthetic value;cave dwelling resort characterized by primitive folk customs;cave hotel showing folk house features of the Loess Plateau.Luochuan Resort of the Loess Folk Customs,Miaoshang Resort of Sanmenxia,Stone Cave Hotel of Yangjialing in Yan'an were respectively studied to analyze features and development conditions of cave dwelling resort,on the basis of which development principles and countermeasures were discussed.The orientation of cave dwelling resort on the Loess Plateau should be determined first,sustainability and accountability of ecotourism should be followed.Finally,the significance of cave dwelling resort for promoting local economic development,enhancing the rational utilization of natural resources,protecting and developing traditional settlements of cave dwellings was given.展开更多
Tourist's satisfaction degree is one of the important indexes to evaluate the service quality of scenic spot.Taking Xi'an Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area for an example,with the expectation difference theory and...Tourist's satisfaction degree is one of the important indexes to evaluate the service quality of scenic spot.Taking Xi'an Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area for an example,with the expectation difference theory and customers' satisfaction evaluation model as the theoretical basis of the research,the overall satisfaction degree of tourists to hot spring resort area,and the actual sensation accomplishments and the expectation difference of each service index were analyzed by using regression analysis and paired sample t test method.The results showed:① The overall satisfaction degree of tourists to the resort area was higher.There were remarkable correlation among three variables:the sensation value,the overall satisfaction degree,and the tourist's loyalty degree;② Generally,the sensation actual accomplishments of 15 service appraisal factors were higher than the expectation value.According to the characteristics,these 15 service appraisal factors were divided into 5 groups.Some unsatisfactory aspects were found out,and the corrective measures were put forward.展开更多
现今,消费者最为关注的是时间,他们不愿意花过长的时间去等待。因此,在服务行业,排队管理被认为是体现服务质量最重要的部分之一。在本文中,对排队管理的理论研究将基于前人的一些研究理论,包括:心理方面、队列间的关系、服务质量和成...现今,消费者最为关注的是时间,他们不愿意花过长的时间去等待。因此,在服务行业,排队管理被认为是体现服务质量最重要的部分之一。在本文中,对排队管理的理论研究将基于前人的一些研究理论,包括:心理方面、队列间的关系、服务质量和成本。同时,在理论研究的基础上,将通过实际案例澳洲Couran Cove Island Resort来分析排队管理在酒店行业的运用。通过在Couran Cove Island Resort工作期间的观察,笔者发现排队时间的问题在餐厅就餐和前台入住高峰期显得尤为突出。因此,基于对理论的研究,笔者将会提出实质性的建议来帮助酒店缓解一定程度上的问题,例如:如何进行菜单管理、如何在客人等候服务的过程中分散客人注意力、如何说服顾客在非高峰期时使用服务和如何提升客人对酒店的感知价值和服务。最后,通过理论和实践的研究,笔者将会阐明排队管理的操作将会直接影响到企业当前和回报的业务。展开更多
More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short p...More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short presentation for the present study status; and the errors in the translation of signs are set forth from the viewpoint of three rules of Skopostheorie. Some suggestions are proposed to make a further study of public signs with a wide scope of examples.展开更多
Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to w...Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents' perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents' attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents' attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents' attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents' attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents' attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.展开更多
Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Informat...Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.展开更多
The present study aims to assess the externalities of a ski resort,that is planned to be built at Tzoumerka mountains,in Greece.The research relies on the Contingent Valuation method,which indirectly estimates the eco...The present study aims to assess the externalities of a ski resort,that is planned to be built at Tzoumerka mountains,in Greece.The research relies on the Contingent Valuation method,which indirectly estimates the economic value of environmental and other nonmarket assets,based on the expressed preferences of members of a social group.The investigation was based on primary data.The core idea of questionnaire’s design,is subject to the use of a double WTP(willingness to pay)question,aiming at the monetary assessment of the attitude of the residents,regarding the upcoming infrastructure project,taking into account both its positive and its negative externalities.Depending on the attitude of the survey respondents,they were asked to decide if they wish to offer an amount of money either to promote or to prevent the construction of the ski resort.Parametric and non-parametric models were then applied in order to calculate in economic terms the expressed opinion of the respondents.The primary question to be answered is whether the willingness to build the ski resort holds a higher economic value than the desire to prevent it.According to the results of the survey,the vast majority of residents(92.4%)supported the idea of building the ski resort,projecting their apparent desire for the tourist and economic development of the area.The reinforcement of the construction idea of the project was estimated on average at €378,200.The very low proportion of the participants who disagreed with the project(5%),did not allow the economic assessment of its prevention,leaving room for further research into the application of Contingent Valuation method and its contribution in cost-benefit analysis and decision making,regarding upcoming projects.展开更多
Based upon a case study of Silver Beach coastal resort of Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, this article examines the rise and fall of Chinese coastal tourist resort development since the 1980s. It explores th...Based upon a case study of Silver Beach coastal resort of Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, this article examines the rise and fall of Chinese coastal tourist resort development since the 1980s. It explores the causes for and responses to the decline of Chinese coastal resorts. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve local key information providers, and secondary information sources such as government archives, survey reports, and resort plans. It was found that the rise and fall of Chinese coastal resorts in the last three decades is closely linked to the transitional reform from a central planned economy to a market economy. Three stages of coastal tourism development were identified in a sequence of rapid growth, decline and redevelopment. It was government financial funds and high local government involvement that promoted the rapid expansion of coastal resorts during the 1980s. However, coastal resort decline occurred when transitional reform was intensified and deflationary policy executed af- ter 1992. Institutional failure is found to be the main reason of Chinese coastal resorts decline since the mid-1990s. The government-dominated pattern could not be sustained and should be restructured in forthcoming coastal tourism de- velopment in China. Revival strategies should emphasize enhancing market-oriented reform in the declining resorts on both suoolv and demand sides.展开更多
The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to ...The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to the difference in tourism policy and investment,public goods,and service;a profound analytical framework is much needed for further empirical studies.This article has reviewed the relevant studies on links between decentralization and restructuring,spatial influences of decentralization on tourism,based on which we put forward the theoretical framework of resort spatial restructuring from the view of political economy analysis,then we elaborate on and discuss it based on the example of Sanya,China.In short,the article suggests that decentralization of fiscal responsibilities and institutional power contributes to the spatial disequilibrium of tourism industrial structure,land use,public infrastructure and service facilities,and to community inequality.Interests of government,investors,and community should be comprehensively coordinated in the resort spatial restructuring process from three aspects:restructuring government,optimizing space structure,and tourism industry.Furthermore,we argue that resort restructuring in the context of Sanya requires coordination of various interest groups through four ways:restructure the government power under administrative division adjustment,optimizing spatial structure,expanding industrial space to diversified tourism products,and building resort management services organization.Finally,we discussed some policy requirements for resort sustainable development.展开更多
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections represent a dire threat to global health.The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria coupled with the lack of development of new antibiotics is creating infections req...Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections represent a dire threat to global health.The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria coupled with the lack of development of new antibiotics is creating infections requiring antibiotics of last resort,and even some infections for which we have no available treatment.Biofilm-based infections present some of the most challenging targets for treatment.The biofilm matrix provides a physical barrier that can impede access of antibiotics and antimicrobials to resident bacteria.The phenotypic diversity found in biofilms further exacerbates the difficulty of eliminating infections,with quiescent“persister”cells evading therapeutics and re-initiating infections after treatment.Nanomaterials provide a tool for combatting these refractory biofilm infections.The distinctive size regime and physical properties of nanomaterials provide them with the capability to penetrate and disrupt biofilms.Nanomaterials can also access antimicrobial pathways inaccessible to conventional antimicrobials,providing a synergistic strategy for treating biofilm infections.This review will summarize key challenges presented by antibiotic resistance and biofilms when treating infection and provide selected examples of how nanomaterials are being used to address these challenges.展开更多
This paper expounded the proposing process,basic content and development of Resort Life Cycle Theory and analyzed rural tourism development in our country by using this theory.Rural tourism in our country generally ex...This paper expounded the proposing process,basic content and development of Resort Life Cycle Theory and analyzed rural tourism development in our country by using this theory.Rural tourism in our country generally experienced exploration,involvement and development period,and now was in consolidated phase.However,as China covered a large territory and rural tourism development differed greatly from place to place,the regional developmental level and developmental stage of rural tourism should be indentified according to local actual conditions.Meanwhile,in order to prevent rural tourism in our country from entering decline stage after consolidation stage,the author put forward six suggestions on achievement of its sustainable development,that is,overall planning and strengthening attractive power;intensifying sales promotion and improving popularity;enhancing government's guide management and cultivating high-quality tourist talents;strengthening regional cooperation and promoting competitive strength;highlighting ecological subject and emphasizing integration of tourism production.展开更多
Whether in war or in peace.once burns(in-cluding thirmal inluries)occur.people will natural-ly be led to have resort to the therapy.which is tokeep a burn wound dry.The method has beenemployed for decades.and consider...Whether in war or in peace.once burns(in-cluding thirmal inluries)occur.people will natural-ly be led to have resort to the therapy.which is tokeep a burn wound dry.The method has beenemployed for decades.and considered both athome and abroad to be the only effective meansso far available Now with his Moist Burn MedicalScience(hereinafter referred to as MBMS)XuRongxiang has challenged such a展开更多
文摘You are cordially invited to the 40th Topical Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry,which will be held from 15 to 17 August 2025 in Changchun,China.Changchun is a City of Science,Education,and Resort with a population of more than 9 million.
文摘On a sunny afternoon,Nelly Wahome mounted a smartphone on a tripod to film one of Mombasa’s tourist hotspots-Nyali Resort,a popular northern beach resort in Kenya.Wahome,25,shared the latest video clip via her TikTok handle in a quest to enchant her followers with the day’s tourism scene along Nyali’s coastline.Within a few hours of uploading,her content attracted hundreds of views.
文摘1 As autumn becomes winter,I eagerly anticipate December's reunion with my older brother,Don,at SilverStar Mountain Resort.Our annual“SilverStar time”has reconnected us over the past decade,filling me with excitement and reflection.
文摘Shanghai Disney Resort broke ground on a new Spider⁃Man⁃themed land,a major expansion that represents a rising global investment interest in Chinas theme park sector.Located close to Zootopia,the new land includes the parks first major Marvel⁃themed attraction-a high⁃energy thrill roller coaster featuring Spider⁃Man,one of the most popular Marvel superheroes,according to the company.
文摘The establishment of happiness index evaluation system for tourism resorts is an effective approach to enhance the scientific development of resorts and the well-being of people. Through analyzing happiness indexes of population in tourism resorts, this study aims to provide references for the scientific development of resorts.
文摘Chengde Mountain Resort and its outlying temples are the world's cultural heritage with a high value of appreciation and research in aesthetics.Man-made obstacles and its causes for enjoying beautiful scenery of the Resort were analyzed from an aesthetic view in this study,and the solving countermeasures were also proposed.
文摘Based on the introduction about the gardening conception,layout and method of Chengde Imperial Summer Resort,this study analyzed the eco-consciousness in the gardening and the landscape benefits,ecological benefits,social benefits and economic benefits it has generated.
文摘To study the investment activities of tourism developers in suburban tourism destinations of metropolis.421 holiday resorts around Beijing City are selected to study the evolution process of their economic types and development modes.The results show that the development mode of holiday resorts in suburban Beijing is guided by state investment,collectively operated by rural residents,and supplemented by private or other investment types.
基金Supported by Program of Social Science Joint Association of Henan Province(SKL-2009-3256)~~
文摘Relevant ecotourism theories were applied to further investigate the mushrooming cave dwelling resorts on the Loess Plateau.By introducing the present development of cave dwelling settlements in the study area,types of cave dwelling resort was summarized:historic cave dwelling resort based on high cultural value,artistic value and aesthetic value;cave dwelling resort characterized by primitive folk customs;cave hotel showing folk house features of the Loess Plateau.Luochuan Resort of the Loess Folk Customs,Miaoshang Resort of Sanmenxia,Stone Cave Hotel of Yangjialing in Yan'an were respectively studied to analyze features and development conditions of cave dwelling resort,on the basis of which development principles and countermeasures were discussed.The orientation of cave dwelling resort on the Loess Plateau should be determined first,sustainability and accountability of ecotourism should be followed.Finally,the significance of cave dwelling resort for promoting local economic development,enhancing the rational utilization of natural resources,protecting and developing traditional settlements of cave dwellings was given.
文摘Tourist's satisfaction degree is one of the important indexes to evaluate the service quality of scenic spot.Taking Xi'an Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area for an example,with the expectation difference theory and customers' satisfaction evaluation model as the theoretical basis of the research,the overall satisfaction degree of tourists to hot spring resort area,and the actual sensation accomplishments and the expectation difference of each service index were analyzed by using regression analysis and paired sample t test method.The results showed:① The overall satisfaction degree of tourists to the resort area was higher.There were remarkable correlation among three variables:the sensation value,the overall satisfaction degree,and the tourist's loyalty degree;② Generally,the sensation actual accomplishments of 15 service appraisal factors were higher than the expectation value.According to the characteristics,these 15 service appraisal factors were divided into 5 groups.Some unsatisfactory aspects were found out,and the corrective measures were put forward.
文摘现今,消费者最为关注的是时间,他们不愿意花过长的时间去等待。因此,在服务行业,排队管理被认为是体现服务质量最重要的部分之一。在本文中,对排队管理的理论研究将基于前人的一些研究理论,包括:心理方面、队列间的关系、服务质量和成本。同时,在理论研究的基础上,将通过实际案例澳洲Couran Cove Island Resort来分析排队管理在酒店行业的运用。通过在Couran Cove Island Resort工作期间的观察,笔者发现排队时间的问题在餐厅就餐和前台入住高峰期显得尤为突出。因此,基于对理论的研究,笔者将会提出实质性的建议来帮助酒店缓解一定程度上的问题,例如:如何进行菜单管理、如何在客人等候服务的过程中分散客人注意力、如何说服顾客在非高峰期时使用服务和如何提升客人对酒店的感知价值和服务。最后,通过理论和实践的研究,笔者将会阐明排队管理的操作将会直接影响到企业当前和回报的业务。
文摘More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short presentation for the present study status; and the errors in the translation of signs are set forth from the viewpoint of three rules of Skopostheorie. Some suggestions are proposed to make a further study of public signs with a wide scope of examples.
基金Under the auspices of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.03BJY084)
文摘Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents' perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents' attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents' attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents' attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents' attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents' attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.
文摘Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.
文摘The present study aims to assess the externalities of a ski resort,that is planned to be built at Tzoumerka mountains,in Greece.The research relies on the Contingent Valuation method,which indirectly estimates the economic value of environmental and other nonmarket assets,based on the expressed preferences of members of a social group.The investigation was based on primary data.The core idea of questionnaire’s design,is subject to the use of a double WTP(willingness to pay)question,aiming at the monetary assessment of the attitude of the residents,regarding the upcoming infrastructure project,taking into account both its positive and its negative externalities.Depending on the attitude of the survey respondents,they were asked to decide if they wish to offer an amount of money either to promote or to prevent the construction of the ski resort.Parametric and non-parametric models were then applied in order to calculate in economic terms the expressed opinion of the respondents.The primary question to be answered is whether the willingness to build the ski resort holds a higher economic value than the desire to prevent it.According to the results of the survey,the vast majority of residents(92.4%)supported the idea of building the ski resort,projecting their apparent desire for the tourist and economic development of the area.The reinforcement of the construction idea of the project was estimated on average at €378,200.The very low proportion of the participants who disagreed with the project(5%),did not allow the economic assessment of its prevention,leaving room for further research into the application of Contingent Valuation method and its contribution in cost-benefit analysis and decision making,regarding upcoming projects.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70703012)Cutural and Social Foundation of National Education Ministry (No.11YJAZH059)
文摘Based upon a case study of Silver Beach coastal resort of Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, this article examines the rise and fall of Chinese coastal tourist resort development since the 1980s. It explores the causes for and responses to the decline of Chinese coastal resorts. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve local key information providers, and secondary information sources such as government archives, survey reports, and resort plans. It was found that the rise and fall of Chinese coastal resorts in the last three decades is closely linked to the transitional reform from a central planned economy to a market economy. Three stages of coastal tourism development were identified in a sequence of rapid growth, decline and redevelopment. It was government financial funds and high local government involvement that promoted the rapid expansion of coastal resorts during the 1980s. However, coastal resort decline occurred when transitional reform was intensified and deflationary policy executed af- ter 1992. Institutional failure is found to be the main reason of Chinese coastal resorts decline since the mid-1990s. The government-dominated pattern could not be sustained and should be restructured in forthcoming coastal tourism de- velopment in China. Revival strategies should emphasize enhancing market-oriented reform in the declining resorts on both suoolv and demand sides.
基金financial support for this study from National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number:413711784130114141361033]
文摘The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to the difference in tourism policy and investment,public goods,and service;a profound analytical framework is much needed for further empirical studies.This article has reviewed the relevant studies on links between decentralization and restructuring,spatial influences of decentralization on tourism,based on which we put forward the theoretical framework of resort spatial restructuring from the view of political economy analysis,then we elaborate on and discuss it based on the example of Sanya,China.In short,the article suggests that decentralization of fiscal responsibilities and institutional power contributes to the spatial disequilibrium of tourism industrial structure,land use,public infrastructure and service facilities,and to community inequality.Interests of government,investors,and community should be comprehensively coordinated in the resort spatial restructuring process from three aspects:restructuring government,optimizing space structure,and tourism industry.Furthermore,we argue that resort restructuring in the context of Sanya requires coordination of various interest groups through four ways:restructure the government power under administrative division adjustment,optimizing spatial structure,expanding industrial space to diversified tourism products,and building resort management services organization.Finally,we discussed some policy requirements for resort sustainable development.
基金This research was supported by the US National Institutes of Health(NIHAI134770)。
文摘Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections represent a dire threat to global health.The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria coupled with the lack of development of new antibiotics is creating infections requiring antibiotics of last resort,and even some infections for which we have no available treatment.Biofilm-based infections present some of the most challenging targets for treatment.The biofilm matrix provides a physical barrier that can impede access of antibiotics and antimicrobials to resident bacteria.The phenotypic diversity found in biofilms further exacerbates the difficulty of eliminating infections,with quiescent“persister”cells evading therapeutics and re-initiating infections after treatment.Nanomaterials provide a tool for combatting these refractory biofilm infections.The distinctive size regime and physical properties of nanomaterials provide them with the capability to penetrate and disrupt biofilms.Nanomaterials can also access antimicrobial pathways inaccessible to conventional antimicrobials,providing a synergistic strategy for treating biofilm infections.This review will summarize key challenges presented by antibiotic resistance and biofilms when treating infection and provide selected examples of how nanomaterials are being used to address these challenges.
文摘This paper expounded the proposing process,basic content and development of Resort Life Cycle Theory and analyzed rural tourism development in our country by using this theory.Rural tourism in our country generally experienced exploration,involvement and development period,and now was in consolidated phase.However,as China covered a large territory and rural tourism development differed greatly from place to place,the regional developmental level and developmental stage of rural tourism should be indentified according to local actual conditions.Meanwhile,in order to prevent rural tourism in our country from entering decline stage after consolidation stage,the author put forward six suggestions on achievement of its sustainable development,that is,overall planning and strengthening attractive power;intensifying sales promotion and improving popularity;enhancing government's guide management and cultivating high-quality tourist talents;strengthening regional cooperation and promoting competitive strength;highlighting ecological subject and emphasizing integration of tourism production.
文摘Whether in war or in peace.once burns(in-cluding thirmal inluries)occur.people will natural-ly be led to have resort to the therapy.which is tokeep a burn wound dry.The method has beenemployed for decades.and considered both athome and abroad to be the only effective meansso far available Now with his Moist Burn MedicalScience(hereinafter referred to as MBMS)XuRongxiang has challenged such a
