In the present paper the concept and properties of the residual functional in Sobolev space are investigated.The weak compactness,force condition,lower semi-continuity and convex of the residual functional are proved....In the present paper the concept and properties of the residual functional in Sobolev space are investigated.The weak compactness,force condition,lower semi-continuity and convex of the residual functional are proved.In Sobolev space,the minimum principle of the residual functional is proposed.The minimum existence theoreomfor J(u)=0 is given by the modern critical point theory.And the equivalence theorem or five equivalence forms for the residual functional equation are also proved.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the correlation between residual renal function and hypertension in regular haemodialysis patients. <strong>Background:</strong> Initiating chronic dialy...<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the correlation between residual renal function and hypertension in regular haemodialysis patients. <strong>Background:</strong> Initiating chronic dialysis treatment gives end-stage renal disease patients a new lease on life. However, the annual mortality rate in dialysis patients is ~20% and quality of life is substantially reduced. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This study was carried out on a reasonable number of subjects on regular haemodialysis divided into two groups. All were given informed consent and, the study was approved by the ethics committee of Menoufia University. <strong>Results:</strong> There was significant relation between presence of residual renal function and hypertension in patients with ESRD on regular haemodialysis, but the relation between residual renal function and control of hypertension is not statistically significant. 40% of group 1 were hypertensive, 66.7% of group 2 patients were hypertensive, the interdialytic weight gain mean was 1.42 in group 1 and 2.37 in group 2. Control of hypertension was achieved in 63.6% of group 1 patients by one drug, 27.3% patients by 2 drugs;however 9.1% of patients need 3 drugs to control their blood pressure, while in group 2 40% of patients were controlled by one drug, 45% with 2 drugs and 15% need 3 drugs to control blood pressure. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is significant relation between presence of residual renal function and hypertension in patients with ESRD on regular haemodialysis, but the relation between residual renal function and control of hypertension is not statistically significant.展开更多
Controlled synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks(2D COFs),including stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric variations,is a topic of growing interest due to its potential in gas separation application...Controlled synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks(2D COFs),including stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric variations,is a topic of growing interest due to its potential in gas separation applications.In this study,we successfully synthesized three distinct 2D COFs by carefully adjusting solvent compositions and monomer ratios during the synthesis of[4+4]type COFs.These included a stoichiometric[4+4]type COF and two sub-stoichiometric[4+2]type COFs,featuring unreacted amino or formyl groups.The resulting COFs exhibit different gas adsorption and separation properties.Specifically,sub-stoichiometric COF-DA with residual amino groups shows comparable adsorption capacity for C_(2)H_(2),C_(2)H_(4),and CO_(2)to stoichiometric COF-DAPy.In contrast,sub-stoichiometric COF-Py with residual formyl groups displays enhanced adsorption selectivity for C_(2)H_(2)/C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2)separation,with the C_(2)H_(2)/C_(2)H_(4)selectivity being the highest among reported COFs,attributed to increased pore polarity resulting from the presence of formyl groups.This study not only offers an additional example of substoichiometric COF synthesis but also advocates for further exploration of sub-stoichiometric COF materials,particularly in the field of gas adsorption and separation.展开更多
We introduce a new generalization of the exponentiated power Lindley distribution,called the exponentiated power Lindley power series(EPLPS)distribution.The new distribution arises on a latent complementary risks scen...We introduce a new generalization of the exponentiated power Lindley distribution,called the exponentiated power Lindley power series(EPLPS)distribution.The new distribution arises on a latent complementary risks scenario,in which the lifetime associated with a particular risk is not observable;rather,we observe only the maximum lifetime value among all risks.The distribution exhibits decreasing,increasing,unimodal and bathtub shaped hazard rate functions,depending on its parameters.Several properties of the EPLPS distribution are investigated.Moreover,we discuss maximum likelihood estimation and provide formulas for the elements of the Fisher information matrix.Finally,applications to three real data sets show the flexibility and potentiality of the EPLPS distribution.展开更多
This paper addresses tensile shock physics in thermoviscoelastic (TVE) solids without memory. The mathematical model is derived using conservation and balance laws (CBL) of classical continuum mechanics (CCM), incorpo...This paper addresses tensile shock physics in thermoviscoelastic (TVE) solids without memory. The mathematical model is derived using conservation and balance laws (CBL) of classical continuum mechanics (CCM), incorporating the contravariant second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor, the covariant Green’s strain tensor, and its rates up to order n. This mathematical model permits the study of finite deformation and finite strain compressible deformation physics with an ordered rate dissipation mechanism. Constitutive theories are derived using conjugate pairs in entropy inequality and the representation theorem. The resulting mathematical model is both thermodynamically and mathematically consistent and has closure. The solution of the initial value problems (IVPs) describing evolutions is obtained using a variationally consistent space-time coupled finite element method, derived using space-time residual functional in which the local approximations are in hpk higher-order scalar product spaces. This permits accurate description problem physics over the discretization and also permits precise a posteriori computation of the space-time residual functional, an accurate measure of the accuracy of the computed solution. Model problem studies are presented to demonstrate tensile shock formation, propagation, reflection, and interaction. A unique feature of this research is that tensile shocks can only exist in solid matter, as their existence requires a medium to be elastic (presence of strain), which is only possible in a solid medium. In tensile shock physics, a decrease in the density of the medium caused by tensile waves leads to shock formation ahead of the wave. In contrast, in compressive shocks, an increase in density and the corresponding compressive waves result in the formation of compression shocks behind of the wave. Although these are two similar phenomena, they are inherently different in nature. To our knowledge, this work has not been reported in the published literature.展开更多
This paper extends the quantitative stability results to a more general class of two-stage stochastic variational inequality problems(TSVIP).The existence of solutions to the TSVIP is discussed,and the quantitative re...This paper extends the quantitative stability results to a more general class of two-stage stochastic variational inequality problems(TSVIP).The existence of solutions to the TSVIP is discussed,and the quantitative relationship between the TSVIP and its distribution perturbed problem is derived.展开更多
The paper addresses tensile shock physics in compressible thermoviscoelastic solids with rheology i.e., in compressible polymeric solids. Polymeric solids have elasticity, dissipation mechanisms and relaxation phenome...The paper addresses tensile shock physics in compressible thermoviscoelastic solids with rheology i.e., in compressible polymeric solids. Polymeric solids have elasticity, dissipation mechanisms and relaxation phenomena due to the presence of long chain molecules in the viscous medium. Thus, the main focus of this investigation is to study how the presence of rheology influences tensile shock physics compared to the tensile shock physics in thermoelastic solids with same elasticity and dissipation but without rheology. A traveling stress wave in polymeric solids leaves nonzero stress signature behind it that naturally influences density. Complete relaxation of the nonzero signatures of stress and associated density change depends upon viscosity of the medium, Deborah number, strength of the stress or velocity wave etc. These aspects of the tensile shock physics in TVES with rheology are investigated in the paper. The mathematical model for finite deformation, finite strain is derived using CBL and CCM, and constitutive theories are derived using conjugate pairs in the entropy inequality and the representation theorem. This mathematical model is thermodynamically and mathematically consistent and has closure. The solution of the IVPs described by this mathematical model related to tensile shock physics in TVES with memory are obtained using space-time coupled finite element method based on space-time residual functional for a space-time strip with time marching. p-version hierarchical space-time local approximations with higher order global differentiability in hpk-scalar product spaces and use of minimally conforming spaces ensure that all space-time integrals over space-time discretization are Riemann. This facilitates more accurate description of the physics in the computational process. Model problem studies are presented to illustrate various aspects of tensile shock physics in compressible TVES with rheology.展开更多
AIM: To investigate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and to explore related factors contributing to GI symptoms. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients undergoing PD participated i...AIM: To investigate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and to explore related factors contributing to GI symptoms. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients undergoing PD participated in the study. The gastrointestinal symptom rating scale was used for measuring GI symptoms. Information on age, height, weight, body mass index, disease leading to chronic renal failure, history of corticosteroid therapy, presence of predialytic GI symptoms, daily dosage of pills, and duration, type and daily dialysate volume of PD was obtained by interviewing patients and/or reviewing the medical records. Hemoglobin, albumin and Kt/V data were obtained from follow-up database. We used multiple regression analysis with stepwise backward variable selection to test for factors predicting GSRS scores with significance level of selection entry at 0.05 and selection of stay at 0.10. RESULTS: The prevalence of eating dysfunction, reflux and indigestion in the PD patients was 44.2%, 32.7%,32.7%, respectively. A history of corticosteroid therapy (b = 8.93, P < 0.001) and all pills daily intake (b = 0.16, P = 0.007) were positively correlated to GI symptoms, while residual renal Kt/V (b =-3.47, P = 0.009) was negatively correlated to GI symptoms. Other factors were proven to be not associated with GI symptoms, with P > 0.05. CONCLUSION: Eating dysfunction, reflux and indigestion were common in PD patients. Daily dosage of pills and corticosteroid history predicted GI symptoms, while residual renal function prevented them.展开更多
A major concern inhibiting some clinicians from embracing peritoneal dialysis(PD) as the preferred first modality of dialysis is the effects of PD solutions on the peritoneal membrane. These anatomical and functional ...A major concern inhibiting some clinicians from embracing peritoneal dialysis(PD) as the preferred first modality of dialysis is the effects of PD solutions on the peritoneal membrane. These anatomical and functional changes predispose to complications like peritonitis,encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and ultrafiltration failure. In recent years, "biocompatible" and glucosesparing PD regimens have been developed to minimize damage to the peritoneal membrane. Can the use of these more expensive solutions be justified on current evidence? In this review of the literature, we explore how we may individualize the prescription of biocompatible PD fluid.展开更多
This study compares the climatology and long-term trend of northern winter stratospheric residual mean meridional circulation(RMMC), as well as its responses to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), stratospheric Quasi ...This study compares the climatology and long-term trend of northern winter stratospheric residual mean meridional circulation(RMMC), as well as its responses to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), stratospheric Quasi Biennial Oscillation(QBO), and solar cycle in ten reanalyses and a stratosphere-resolving model, CESM1-WACCM. The RMMC is a large-scale meridional circulation cell in the stratosphere, usually referred to as the estimate of the Brewer Dobson circulation(BDC). The distribution of the BDC is generally consistent among multiple reanalyses except that the NOAA twentieth century reanalysis(20RC) largely underestimates it. Most reanalyses(except ERA40 and ERA-Interim) show a strengthening trend for the BDC during 1979–2010. All reanalyses and CESM1-WACCM consistently reveal that the deep branch of the BDC is significantly enhanced in El Ni?o winters as more waves from the troposphere dissipate in the stratospheric polar vortex region. A secondary circulation cell is coupled to the temperature anomalies below the QBO easterly center at 50 hPa with tropical upwelling/cooling and midlatitude downwelling/warming, and similar secondary circulation cells also appear between 50–10 hPa and above 10 hPa to balance the temperature anomalies. The direct BDC response to QBO in the upper stratosphere creates a barrier near 30°N to prevent waves from propagating to midlatitudes, contributing to the weakening of the polar vortex. The shallow branch of the BDC in the lower stratosphere is intensified during solar minima, and the downwelling warms the Arctic lower stratosphere. The stratospheric responses to QBO and solar cycle in most reanalyses are generally consistent except in the two 20 CRs.展开更多
Objective：A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for...Objective：A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for a system of ordinary differential equations（ODEs）that represent the time course of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance test（GTT）in physiological studies is presented.The aim of this study was to explore how to interpret those laboratory glucose and insulin data as well as enhance the Ackerman mathematical model.Methods：Parameters estimation for a system of ODEs was performed by minimizing the sum of squared residuals（SSR）function,which quantifies the difference between theoretical model predictions and GTT＇s experimental observations.Our proposed perturbation search and multiple-shooting methods were applied during the estimating process.Results：Based on the Ackerman＇s published data,we estimated the key parameters by applying R-based iterative computer programs.As a result,the theoretically simulated curves perfectly matched the experimental data points.Our model showed that the estimated parameters,computed frequency and period values,were proven a good indicator of diabetes.Conclusion：The present paper introduces a computational algorithm to biomedical problems,particularly to endocrinology and metabolism fields,which involves two coupled differential equations with four parameters describing the glucose-insulin regulatory system that Ackerman proposed earlier.The enhanced approach may provide clinicians in endocrinology and metabolism field insight into the transition nature of human metabolic mechanism from normal to impaired glucose tolerance.展开更多
In recent years,there has been an increased interest among the researchers to propose new families of distributions to provide the best fit to lifetime data with monotonic(increasing,decreasing,constant)and non-monoto...In recent years,there has been an increased interest among the researchers to propose new families of distributions to provide the best fit to lifetime data with monotonic(increasing,decreasing,constant)and non-monotonic(unimodal,modified unimodal,bathtub)hazard functions.We further carry this area of research and propose a new family of lifetime distributions called a new logarithmic family via the T-X family approach.For the proposed family,explicit expressions for some mathematical properties along with the estimation of parameters through Maximum likelihood method are discussed.A sub-model,called a new logarithmic Weibull distribution is taken up.The proposed model is very flexible and can be used to model data with increasing,decreasing,modified unimodal or bathtub shaped hazard rates.The maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters are obtained.To assess the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimators,a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study has been carried out.Finally,the potentiality of the new model is shown via analyzing two real data sets taken from reliability engineering and biomedical fields.The comparison of the proposed model is made with the other well-known competitors such as(i)the three parameters exponentiated Weibull and Marshall–Olkin Weibull distributions and(ii)a four-parameter beta Weibull distribution.The practical applications show that the proposed model performs much better than the competitive models and can be used as a good candidate model to analyze data in engineering,medical sciences and other related fields.展开更多
A temporary profile from Shiquan in the southern part of Shaanxi Province to Ningxian in Gansu Province for observation of geomagnetic short period variations was set up. The characteristics of geomagnetic short perio...A temporary profile from Shiquan in the southern part of Shaanxi Province to Ningxian in Gansu Province for observation of geomagnetic short period variations was set up. The characteristics of geomagnetic short period variations in the profile region was analyzed through geomagnetic transfer functions at measurement sites (Fan, et al, 1998). According to the theory of multi-scale analysis of wavelet transform, the components affected by regional origin in the region is extracted in this paper. The components of regional origin is used as original data in the inversion study for investigation of 2-D conductivity structure corresponding to the regional origin. The inversion method (Zhdanov, Traynin, 1997) which is based on the minimum of the total energy of the residual field between observational electro-magnetic field and the calculated theoretical field of conductivity model and the conception of migrated residual field is introduced into our inversion of the data of magneto-variation sounding. The result of the inversion gives the underground conductivity structure in depth range of 100 km beneath the profile, and shows that a high conductivity area is located under Wugong and Qianling. The main characteristics of the inversion method is briefly discussed, that is, it can reflect the depth and the distribution of anomalous conductivity area comparatively well, and large number of parameters of inversion model is allowed to be used in the Inversion.展开更多
Seventeen cases of hypertensive nephropathy with azotemia (test group) treated with Zhen-gan Xifeng Decoction (ZGXFD) and a routine regimen of Western Medicine were observed. The result wascompared with that of 15 cas...Seventeen cases of hypertensive nephropathy with azotemia (test group) treated with Zhen-gan Xifeng Decoction (ZGXFD) and a routine regimen of Western Medicine were observed. The result wascompared with that of 15 cases treated with routine regimen alone(control. group) . After 3 months of treat-ment, the blood pressure, sodium excretion, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were all reduced, while cre-atinine clearance rate (CCr) and residual renal function index(RRFI) were improved significantly in bothgroups. Compared with the control group, the treatment on the test group showed a more prominent effect onlowering of diastolic blood pressure, elevating the hemoglobin, reducing the blood level of triglyceride andcreatinine as well as improving on CCr and RRFI , suggesting the deterioration of residual renal function couldbe restrained by ZGXFD , through improving the disorder of lipid metabolism, osmolality gradient and creati-nine kinetics.展开更多
文摘In the present paper the concept and properties of the residual functional in Sobolev space are investigated.The weak compactness,force condition,lower semi-continuity and convex of the residual functional are proved.In Sobolev space,the minimum principle of the residual functional is proposed.The minimum existence theoreomfor J(u)=0 is given by the modern critical point theory.And the equivalence theorem or five equivalence forms for the residual functional equation are also proved.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the correlation between residual renal function and hypertension in regular haemodialysis patients. <strong>Background:</strong> Initiating chronic dialysis treatment gives end-stage renal disease patients a new lease on life. However, the annual mortality rate in dialysis patients is ~20% and quality of life is substantially reduced. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This study was carried out on a reasonable number of subjects on regular haemodialysis divided into two groups. All were given informed consent and, the study was approved by the ethics committee of Menoufia University. <strong>Results:</strong> There was significant relation between presence of residual renal function and hypertension in patients with ESRD on regular haemodialysis, but the relation between residual renal function and control of hypertension is not statistically significant. 40% of group 1 were hypertensive, 66.7% of group 2 patients were hypertensive, the interdialytic weight gain mean was 1.42 in group 1 and 2.37 in group 2. Control of hypertension was achieved in 63.6% of group 1 patients by one drug, 27.3% patients by 2 drugs;however 9.1% of patients need 3 drugs to control their blood pressure, while in group 2 40% of patients were controlled by one drug, 45% with 2 drugs and 15% need 3 drugs to control blood pressure. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is significant relation between presence of residual renal function and hypertension in patients with ESRD on regular haemodialysis, but the relation between residual renal function and control of hypertension is not statistically significant.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFE0113800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375179)+1 种基金the startup grant(No.2019125016829)in Zhejiang University of Technologypartially supported by the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202310337063)。
文摘Controlled synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks(2D COFs),including stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric variations,is a topic of growing interest due to its potential in gas separation applications.In this study,we successfully synthesized three distinct 2D COFs by carefully adjusting solvent compositions and monomer ratios during the synthesis of[4+4]type COFs.These included a stoichiometric[4+4]type COF and two sub-stoichiometric[4+2]type COFs,featuring unreacted amino or formyl groups.The resulting COFs exhibit different gas adsorption and separation properties.Specifically,sub-stoichiometric COF-DA with residual amino groups shows comparable adsorption capacity for C_(2)H_(2),C_(2)H_(4),and CO_(2)to stoichiometric COF-DAPy.In contrast,sub-stoichiometric COF-Py with residual formyl groups displays enhanced adsorption selectivity for C_(2)H_(2)/C_(2)H_(4)and C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2)separation,with the C_(2)H_(2)/C_(2)H_(4)selectivity being the highest among reported COFs,attributed to increased pore polarity resulting from the presence of formyl groups.This study not only offers an additional example of substoichiometric COF synthesis but also advocates for further exploration of sub-stoichiometric COF materials,particularly in the field of gas adsorption and separation.
文摘We introduce a new generalization of the exponentiated power Lindley distribution,called the exponentiated power Lindley power series(EPLPS)distribution.The new distribution arises on a latent complementary risks scenario,in which the lifetime associated with a particular risk is not observable;rather,we observe only the maximum lifetime value among all risks.The distribution exhibits decreasing,increasing,unimodal and bathtub shaped hazard rate functions,depending on its parameters.Several properties of the EPLPS distribution are investigated.Moreover,we discuss maximum likelihood estimation and provide formulas for the elements of the Fisher information matrix.Finally,applications to three real data sets show the flexibility and potentiality of the EPLPS distribution.
文摘This paper addresses tensile shock physics in thermoviscoelastic (TVE) solids without memory. The mathematical model is derived using conservation and balance laws (CBL) of classical continuum mechanics (CCM), incorporating the contravariant second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor, the covariant Green’s strain tensor, and its rates up to order n. This mathematical model permits the study of finite deformation and finite strain compressible deformation physics with an ordered rate dissipation mechanism. Constitutive theories are derived using conjugate pairs in entropy inequality and the representation theorem. The resulting mathematical model is both thermodynamically and mathematically consistent and has closure. The solution of the initial value problems (IVPs) describing evolutions is obtained using a variationally consistent space-time coupled finite element method, derived using space-time residual functional in which the local approximations are in hpk higher-order scalar product spaces. This permits accurate description problem physics over the discretization and also permits precise a posteriori computation of the space-time residual functional, an accurate measure of the accuracy of the computed solution. Model problem studies are presented to demonstrate tensile shock formation, propagation, reflection, and interaction. A unique feature of this research is that tensile shocks can only exist in solid matter, as their existence requires a medium to be elastic (presence of strain), which is only possible in a solid medium. In tensile shock physics, a decrease in the density of the medium caused by tensile waves leads to shock formation ahead of the wave. In contrast, in compressive shocks, an increase in density and the corresponding compressive waves result in the formation of compression shocks behind of the wave. Although these are two similar phenomena, they are inherently different in nature. To our knowledge, this work has not been reported in the published literature.
基金Supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2024GXNSFBA010345)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guangxi Minzu University (S202310608001)。
文摘This paper extends the quantitative stability results to a more general class of two-stage stochastic variational inequality problems(TSVIP).The existence of solutions to the TSVIP is discussed,and the quantitative relationship between the TSVIP and its distribution perturbed problem is derived.
文摘The paper addresses tensile shock physics in compressible thermoviscoelastic solids with rheology i.e., in compressible polymeric solids. Polymeric solids have elasticity, dissipation mechanisms and relaxation phenomena due to the presence of long chain molecules in the viscous medium. Thus, the main focus of this investigation is to study how the presence of rheology influences tensile shock physics compared to the tensile shock physics in thermoelastic solids with same elasticity and dissipation but without rheology. A traveling stress wave in polymeric solids leaves nonzero stress signature behind it that naturally influences density. Complete relaxation of the nonzero signatures of stress and associated density change depends upon viscosity of the medium, Deborah number, strength of the stress or velocity wave etc. These aspects of the tensile shock physics in TVES with rheology are investigated in the paper. The mathematical model for finite deformation, finite strain is derived using CBL and CCM, and constitutive theories are derived using conjugate pairs in the entropy inequality and the representation theorem. This mathematical model is thermodynamically and mathematically consistent and has closure. The solution of the IVPs described by this mathematical model related to tensile shock physics in TVES with memory are obtained using space-time coupled finite element method based on space-time residual functional for a space-time strip with time marching. p-version hierarchical space-time local approximations with higher order global differentiability in hpk-scalar product spaces and use of minimally conforming spaces ensure that all space-time integrals over space-time discretization are Riemann. This facilitates more accurate description of the physics in the computational process. Model problem studies are presented to illustrate various aspects of tensile shock physics in compressible TVES with rheology.
文摘AIM: To investigate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and to explore related factors contributing to GI symptoms. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients undergoing PD participated in the study. The gastrointestinal symptom rating scale was used for measuring GI symptoms. Information on age, height, weight, body mass index, disease leading to chronic renal failure, history of corticosteroid therapy, presence of predialytic GI symptoms, daily dosage of pills, and duration, type and daily dialysate volume of PD was obtained by interviewing patients and/or reviewing the medical records. Hemoglobin, albumin and Kt/V data were obtained from follow-up database. We used multiple regression analysis with stepwise backward variable selection to test for factors predicting GSRS scores with significance level of selection entry at 0.05 and selection of stay at 0.10. RESULTS: The prevalence of eating dysfunction, reflux and indigestion in the PD patients was 44.2%, 32.7%,32.7%, respectively. A history of corticosteroid therapy (b = 8.93, P < 0.001) and all pills daily intake (b = 0.16, P = 0.007) were positively correlated to GI symptoms, while residual renal Kt/V (b =-3.47, P = 0.009) was negatively correlated to GI symptoms. Other factors were proven to be not associated with GI symptoms, with P > 0.05. CONCLUSION: Eating dysfunction, reflux and indigestion were common in PD patients. Daily dosage of pills and corticosteroid history predicted GI symptoms, while residual renal function prevented them.
文摘A major concern inhibiting some clinicians from embracing peritoneal dialysis(PD) as the preferred first modality of dialysis is the effects of PD solutions on the peritoneal membrane. These anatomical and functional changes predispose to complications like peritonitis,encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and ultrafiltration failure. In recent years, "biocompatible" and glucosesparing PD regimens have been developed to minimize damage to the peritoneal membrane. Can the use of these more expensive solutions be justified on current evidence? In this review of the literature, we explore how we may individualize the prescription of biocompatible PD fluid.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41705024,41875048)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0602104)+1 种基金the Planning and Budgeting Committee of the Council for Higher Education in Israelthe Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST(2016r060)
文摘This study compares the climatology and long-term trend of northern winter stratospheric residual mean meridional circulation(RMMC), as well as its responses to El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), stratospheric Quasi Biennial Oscillation(QBO), and solar cycle in ten reanalyses and a stratosphere-resolving model, CESM1-WACCM. The RMMC is a large-scale meridional circulation cell in the stratosphere, usually referred to as the estimate of the Brewer Dobson circulation(BDC). The distribution of the BDC is generally consistent among multiple reanalyses except that the NOAA twentieth century reanalysis(20RC) largely underestimates it. Most reanalyses(except ERA40 and ERA-Interim) show a strengthening trend for the BDC during 1979–2010. All reanalyses and CESM1-WACCM consistently reveal that the deep branch of the BDC is significantly enhanced in El Ni?o winters as more waves from the troposphere dissipate in the stratospheric polar vortex region. A secondary circulation cell is coupled to the temperature anomalies below the QBO easterly center at 50 hPa with tropical upwelling/cooling and midlatitude downwelling/warming, and similar secondary circulation cells also appear between 50–10 hPa and above 10 hPa to balance the temperature anomalies. The direct BDC response to QBO in the upper stratosphere creates a barrier near 30°N to prevent waves from propagating to midlatitudes, contributing to the weakening of the polar vortex. The shallow branch of the BDC in the lower stratosphere is intensified during solar minima, and the downwelling warms the Arctic lower stratosphere. The stratospheric responses to QBO and solar cycle in most reanalyses are generally consistent except in the two 20 CRs.
基金supported by a grant from the NIH(No.U42 RR16607)
文摘Objective：A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for a system of ordinary differential equations（ODEs）that represent the time course of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance test（GTT）in physiological studies is presented.The aim of this study was to explore how to interpret those laboratory glucose and insulin data as well as enhance the Ackerman mathematical model.Methods：Parameters estimation for a system of ODEs was performed by minimizing the sum of squared residuals（SSR）function,which quantifies the difference between theoretical model predictions and GTT＇s experimental observations.Our proposed perturbation search and multiple-shooting methods were applied during the estimating process.Results：Based on the Ackerman＇s published data,we estimated the key parameters by applying R-based iterative computer programs.As a result,the theoretically simulated curves perfectly matched the experimental data points.Our model showed that the estimated parameters,computed frequency and period values,were proven a good indicator of diabetes.Conclusion：The present paper introduces a computational algorithm to biomedical problems,particularly to endocrinology and metabolism fields,which involves two coupled differential equations with four parameters describing the glucose-insulin regulatory system that Ackerman proposed earlier.The enhanced approach may provide clinicians in endocrinology and metabolism field insight into the transition nature of human metabolic mechanism from normal to impaired glucose tolerance.
基金The first and second authors acknowledge the Research on the Demand Side and Supply Side Demand Mechanism of Overcapacity Capacity of China's Machinery Manufacturing Industryin the“One Belt and One Road”Strategy,16BJY079.
文摘In recent years,there has been an increased interest among the researchers to propose new families of distributions to provide the best fit to lifetime data with monotonic(increasing,decreasing,constant)and non-monotonic(unimodal,modified unimodal,bathtub)hazard functions.We further carry this area of research and propose a new family of lifetime distributions called a new logarithmic family via the T-X family approach.For the proposed family,explicit expressions for some mathematical properties along with the estimation of parameters through Maximum likelihood method are discussed.A sub-model,called a new logarithmic Weibull distribution is taken up.The proposed model is very flexible and can be used to model data with increasing,decreasing,modified unimodal or bathtub shaped hazard rates.The maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters are obtained.To assess the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimators,a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study has been carried out.Finally,the potentiality of the new model is shown via analyzing two real data sets taken from reliability engineering and biomedical fields.The comparison of the proposed model is made with the other well-known competitors such as(i)the three parameters exponentiated Weibull and Marshall–Olkin Weibull distributions and(ii)a four-parameter beta Weibull distribution.The practical applications show that the proposed model performs much better than the competitive models and can be used as a good candidate model to analyze data in engineering,medical sciences and other related fields.
文摘A temporary profile from Shiquan in the southern part of Shaanxi Province to Ningxian in Gansu Province for observation of geomagnetic short period variations was set up. The characteristics of geomagnetic short period variations in the profile region was analyzed through geomagnetic transfer functions at measurement sites (Fan, et al, 1998). According to the theory of multi-scale analysis of wavelet transform, the components affected by regional origin in the region is extracted in this paper. The components of regional origin is used as original data in the inversion study for investigation of 2-D conductivity structure corresponding to the regional origin. The inversion method (Zhdanov, Traynin, 1997) which is based on the minimum of the total energy of the residual field between observational electro-magnetic field and the calculated theoretical field of conductivity model and the conception of migrated residual field is introduced into our inversion of the data of magneto-variation sounding. The result of the inversion gives the underground conductivity structure in depth range of 100 km beneath the profile, and shows that a high conductivity area is located under Wugong and Qianling. The main characteristics of the inversion method is briefly discussed, that is, it can reflect the depth and the distribution of anomalous conductivity area comparatively well, and large number of parameters of inversion model is allowed to be used in the Inversion.
文摘Seventeen cases of hypertensive nephropathy with azotemia (test group) treated with Zhen-gan Xifeng Decoction (ZGXFD) and a routine regimen of Western Medicine were observed. The result wascompared with that of 15 cases treated with routine regimen alone(control. group) . After 3 months of treat-ment, the blood pressure, sodium excretion, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were all reduced, while cre-atinine clearance rate (CCr) and residual renal function index(RRFI) were improved significantly in bothgroups. Compared with the control group, the treatment on the test group showed a more prominent effect onlowering of diastolic blood pressure, elevating the hemoglobin, reducing the blood level of triglyceride andcreatinine as well as improving on CCr and RRFI , suggesting the deterioration of residual renal function couldbe restrained by ZGXFD , through improving the disorder of lipid metabolism, osmolality gradient and creati-nine kinetics.
