Utilising dissolved gases analysis, a new insulation fault diagnosis methodfor power transformers is proposed. This method is based on the group grey relational grade analysismethod. First, according to the fault type...Utilising dissolved gases analysis, a new insulation fault diagnosis methodfor power transformers is proposed. This method is based on the group grey relational grade analysismethod. First, according to the fault type and grey reference sequence structure, some typicalfault samples are divided into several sets of grey reference sequences. These sets are structuredas one grey reference sequence group. Secondly, according to a new calculation method of the greyrelational coefficient, the individual relational coefficient and grade are computed. Then accordingto the given calculation method for the group grey relation grade, the group grey relational gradeis computed and the group grey relational grade matrix is structured. Finally, according to therelational sequence, the insulation fault is identified for power transformers. The results of alarge quantity of instant analyses show that the proposed method has higher diagnosis accuracy andreliability than the three-ratio method and the traditional grey relational method. It has goodclassified diagnosis ability and reliability.展开更多
An efficient approach was introduced for improving the condition of major controlled rolling process pa- rameters of roughing, finishing and coiling temperatures and optimizing these parameters to obtain minimum grain...An efficient approach was introduced for improving the condition of major controlled rolling process pa- rameters of roughing, finishing and coiling temperatures and optimizing these parameters to obtain minimum grain size and maximum dome height simultaneously. Taguchi method combined with grey relational analysis was applied to achieve optimum grain size and dome height during controlled rolling process. For this purpose, four levels for the above temperatures were chosen and sixteen experiments were conducted based on orthogonal array of Taguchi meth- od. Based on Taguchi approach, signal-to-noise （S/N） ratios were calculated and used in order to obtain the opti- mum levels for every input parameter. Analysis of variance revealed that finishing and coiling temperatures have the maximum effect on the grain size and dome height of microalloyed steels. The confirmation tests with the optimal levels of parameters indicated that the grain size and dome height of controlled rolled microalloyed steels can be im- proved effectively through this approach.展开更多
The relation between morphometric grades (M grading) of 84 cases of bladder tumor and prognoses was evaluated. The results shown that the higher the M grading, the lower the survival rate and the higher the recurrence...The relation between morphometric grades (M grading) of 84 cases of bladder tumor and prognoses was evaluated. The results shown that the higher the M grading, the lower the survival rate and the higher the recurrence rate. As the M grade increases, the tumor has partial of total absence of ABO(H) antigens of tumor cell surface and could be accompanied with muscular invasion. When recurring, the tumor has a poor prognosis if M grading increases from lower to higher grades. The morphometric grading system is able to make a quantitative pathologic diagnosis and can predict the biological behavior of bladder tumors.展开更多
Thinking of grey group model is the improvement on the traditional grey model. It does not merely use a grey model as the ultimate basis, but takes full account of the traditional GM （1,1） model and the GM （1, n） ...Thinking of grey group model is the improvement on the traditional grey model. It does not merely use a grey model as the ultimate basis, but takes full account of the traditional GM （1,1） model and the GM （1, n） model and join two predictions to form a prediction interval. So, the results are more reasonable and more realistic requirements and have strong guidance and reference. The farther the forecast period is, the worse the forecast is. The forecasts in the forecast period of 1-3 Years are the best, but the results of long-term are only as a reference value and the guidance data. Therefore, as the forecast period goes on, rolling grey model is used to increase accuracy.展开更多
Snow cover is an important water source for vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid areas,and grassland phenology provides valuable information on the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.The Mongolian...Snow cover is an important water source for vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid areas,and grassland phenology provides valuable information on the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.The Mongolian Plateau features both abundant snow cover resources and typical grassland ecosystems.In recent years,with the intensification of global climate change,the snow cover on the Mongolian Plateau has changed correspondingly,with resulting effects on vegetation growth.In this study,using MOD10A1 snow cover data and MOD13A1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data combined with remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in snow cover and grassland phenology on the Mongolian Plateau from 2001 to 2018.The correlation analysis and grey relation analysis were used to determine the influence of snow cover parameters(snow cover fraction(SCF),snow cover duration(SCD),snow cover onset date(SCOD),and snow cover end date(SCED))on different types of grassland vegetation.The results showed wide snow cover areas,an early start time,a late end time,and a long duration of snow cover over the northern Mongolian Plateau.Additionally,a late start,an early end,and a short duration were observed for grassland phenology,but the southern area showed the opposite trend.The SCF decreased at an annual rate of 0.33%.The SCD was shortened at an annual rate of 0.57 d.The SCOD and SCED in more than half of the study area advanced at annual rates of 5.33 and 5.74 DOY(day of year),respectively.For grassland phenology,the start of the growing season(SOS)advanced at an annual rate of 0.03 DOY,the end of the growing season(EOS)was delayed at an annual rate of 0.14 DOY,and the length of the growing season(LOS)was prolonged at an annual rate of 0.17 d.The SCF,SCD,and SCED in the snow season were significantly positively correlated with the SOS and negatively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCOD was significantly negatively correlated with the SOS and positively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCD and SCF can directly affect the SOS of grassland vegetation,while the EOS and LOS were obviously influenced by the SCOD and SCED.This study provides a scientific basis for exploring the response trends of alpine vegetation to global climate change.展开更多
A novel adaptive sampling interval algorithm for multitarget tracking is presented. This algorithm which is based on interacting multiple models incorporates the grey relational grade （GRG） into the particle swarm o...A novel adaptive sampling interval algorithm for multitarget tracking is presented. This algorithm which is based on interacting multiple models incorporates the grey relational grade （GRG） into the particle swarm optimization （PSO）. Firstly, the desired tracking accuracy is set for each target. Secondly, sampling intervals are selected as particles, and then the advantage of the GRG is taken as the measurement function for resource management. Meanwhile, the fitness value of the PSO is used to measure the difference between desired tracking accuracy and estimated tracking accuracy. Finally, it is suggested that the radar should track the target whose prediction value of the next sampling interval is the smallest. Simulations show that the proposed method improves both the tracking accuracy and tracking efficiency of the phased-array radar.展开更多
The analysis of grey system, kriging interpolation, and integration selection index were employed to investigate the relationships between the flower yield/plant （FY） and 15 other quantitative traits of 20 rugosa ro...The analysis of grey system, kriging interpolation, and integration selection index were employed to investigate the relationships between the flower yield/plant （FY） and 15 other quantitative traits of 20 rugosa rose cultivars. The result showed that： The grey relational grade （GRG） of the number of flowers/plant （NF）, the number of branches/plant （NB）, the width of floral bud （WB）, and the weight/flower （WF） to the FY were larger （〉 0.5）; FY improved with the increase of NF and NB. Moreover, the indirect selection of either trait could not achieve improvement of FY. It is necessary to improve FY by multi-trait selection. The integration selection index （ISI） equation of FY was established with the characters NF, NB, WB, and WF： I= 0.3187x1 - 318.6x2 ＋ 670.1 x4 ＋ 6.3xa, index heritability = 0.8014, selective response of the integration breeding value = 245.8811. This will provide a theoretic basis for the genetic breeding of rugosa rose.展开更多
A comprehensive assessing method based on the principle of the gray system theory and gray relational grade analysis was put forward to optimize water consumption forecasting models. The method provides a better accur...A comprehensive assessing method based on the principle of the gray system theory and gray relational grade analysis was put forward to optimize water consumption forecasting models. The method provides a better accuracy for the assessment and the optimal selection of the water consumption forecasting models. The results show that the forecasting model built on this comprehensive assessing method presents better self-adaptability and accuracy in forecasting.展开更多
Multi-attribute decision problems where the performances of the alternatives are random variables are considered. The suggested approach grades the probabilities of preference of one alternative over another with resp...Multi-attribute decision problems where the performances of the alternatives are random variables are considered. The suggested approach grades the probabilities of preference of one alternative over another with respect to the same attribute. Based on the graded probabilistic dominance relation, the pairwise comparison information table is defined. The global preferences of the decision maker can be seen as a rough binary relation. The present paper proposes to approximate this preference relation by means of the graded probabilistic dominance relation with respect to the subsets of attributes. At last, the method is illustrated by an example.展开更多
According to characteristic of hydroforming of parallel multi-branch tubes,multi-objective problems were transformed to single objective problem of relational grade comparison by grey system theory.Two different objec...According to characteristic of hydroforming of parallel multi-branch tubes,multi-objective problems were transformed to single objective problem of relational grade comparison by grey system theory.Two different objectives were selected,according to the principle that process parameters were optimal which of grey relational grade were maximum,the optimal loading parameters under different objective condition were obtained,and loading paths were optimized.The results indicated that parallel multi-branch tubes hydroformed under loading paths optimized by grey system theory could meet with the requirement that objective was optimal.And the optimal loading paths under different objectives were different,and the appropriate objective should be selected according to forming characteristic.展开更多
Computer chip is always accompanied by the increase of heat dissipation and miniaturization. The miniature heat pipes are widely used in notebook computer to resolve the heat dissipation problems. Maximum heat removed...Computer chip is always accompanied by the increase of heat dissipation and miniaturization. The miniature heat pipes are widely used in notebook computer to resolve the heat dissipation problems. Maximum heat removed model of miniature heat pipes building by grey model is presented. In order to know the foundation for modeling, the smooth grade of error examination is inquired and the accuracy of grey relational grade is verified. The model can be used to select a suitable heat pipes to solve electric heat problems in the future. Final results show that the grey model only needs four experiment data and its error value is less than 10%, further, it is better than computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model.展开更多
Low temperature significantly restricts crop yield and quality.Medicago falcata(M.falcata)is a typical legume species that exhibits great capacity of tolerance to low temperature.To understand the low-temperature resp...Low temperature significantly restricts crop yield and quality.Medicago falcata(M.falcata)is a typical legume species that exhibits great capacity of tolerance to low temperature.To understand the low-temperature responses in M.falcata,the electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation level,and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD),and contents of reduced glutathione(GSH),soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline were investigated in low-temperature-stressed M.falcata leaves.The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde(MDA)content increased,and could be used to quantify low-temperature damage at cellular level.And then,the significant change of SOD,POD and CAT activities,and GSH content reflected the higher reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging capacity in M.falcata.In addition,the significant change of soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline contents helped to maintain osmotic equilibrium,energy supply and protein functions.These nine physiological traits were analyzed by gray relational grade analysis and ranked from the highest to the lowest as follows:electrolyte leakage,GSH,proline,soluble protein,MDA,soluble sugar,SOD,CAT and POD,and illustrated that the electrolyte leakage level,GSH and proline contents should be selected and measured priority in M.falcata low-temperature tolerance to improve measurement efficiency.展开更多
文摘Utilising dissolved gases analysis, a new insulation fault diagnosis methodfor power transformers is proposed. This method is based on the group grey relational grade analysismethod. First, according to the fault type and grey reference sequence structure, some typicalfault samples are divided into several sets of grey reference sequences. These sets are structuredas one grey reference sequence group. Secondly, according to a new calculation method of the greyrelational coefficient, the individual relational coefficient and grade are computed. Then accordingto the given calculation method for the group grey relation grade, the group grey relational gradeis computed and the group grey relational grade matrix is structured. Finally, according to therelational sequence, the insulation fault is identified for power transformers. The results of alarge quantity of instant analyses show that the proposed method has higher diagnosis accuracy andreliability than the three-ratio method and the traditional grey relational method. It has goodclassified diagnosis ability and reliability.
文摘An efficient approach was introduced for improving the condition of major controlled rolling process pa- rameters of roughing, finishing and coiling temperatures and optimizing these parameters to obtain minimum grain size and maximum dome height simultaneously. Taguchi method combined with grey relational analysis was applied to achieve optimum grain size and dome height during controlled rolling process. For this purpose, four levels for the above temperatures were chosen and sixteen experiments were conducted based on orthogonal array of Taguchi meth- od. Based on Taguchi approach, signal-to-noise （S/N） ratios were calculated and used in order to obtain the opti- mum levels for every input parameter. Analysis of variance revealed that finishing and coiling temperatures have the maximum effect on the grain size and dome height of microalloyed steels. The confirmation tests with the optimal levels of parameters indicated that the grain size and dome height of controlled rolled microalloyed steels can be im- proved effectively through this approach.
文摘The relation between morphometric grades (M grading) of 84 cases of bladder tumor and prognoses was evaluated. The results shown that the higher the M grading, the lower the survival rate and the higher the recurrence rate. As the M grade increases, the tumor has partial of total absence of ABO(H) antigens of tumor cell surface and could be accompanied with muscular invasion. When recurring, the tumor has a poor prognosis if M grading increases from lower to higher grades. The morphometric grading system is able to make a quantitative pathologic diagnosis and can predict the biological behavior of bladder tumors.
文摘Thinking of grey group model is the improvement on the traditional grey model. It does not merely use a grey model as the ultimate basis, but takes full account of the traditional GM （1,1） model and the GM （1, n） model and join two predictions to form a prediction interval. So, the results are more reasonable and more realistic requirements and have strong guidance and reference. The farther the forecast period is, the worse the forecast is. The forecasts in the forecast period of 1-3 Years are the best, but the results of long-term are only as a reference value and the guidance data. Therefore, as the forecast period goes on, rolling grey model is used to increase accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41861014)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(2020BS03042,2020BS04009)the Scientific Research Start-up Fund Projects of Introduced Talents(5909001803,1004031904).
文摘Snow cover is an important water source for vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid areas,and grassland phenology provides valuable information on the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.The Mongolian Plateau features both abundant snow cover resources and typical grassland ecosystems.In recent years,with the intensification of global climate change,the snow cover on the Mongolian Plateau has changed correspondingly,with resulting effects on vegetation growth.In this study,using MOD10A1 snow cover data and MOD13A1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data combined with remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in snow cover and grassland phenology on the Mongolian Plateau from 2001 to 2018.The correlation analysis and grey relation analysis were used to determine the influence of snow cover parameters(snow cover fraction(SCF),snow cover duration(SCD),snow cover onset date(SCOD),and snow cover end date(SCED))on different types of grassland vegetation.The results showed wide snow cover areas,an early start time,a late end time,and a long duration of snow cover over the northern Mongolian Plateau.Additionally,a late start,an early end,and a short duration were observed for grassland phenology,but the southern area showed the opposite trend.The SCF decreased at an annual rate of 0.33%.The SCD was shortened at an annual rate of 0.57 d.The SCOD and SCED in more than half of the study area advanced at annual rates of 5.33 and 5.74 DOY(day of year),respectively.For grassland phenology,the start of the growing season(SOS)advanced at an annual rate of 0.03 DOY,the end of the growing season(EOS)was delayed at an annual rate of 0.14 DOY,and the length of the growing season(LOS)was prolonged at an annual rate of 0.17 d.The SCF,SCD,and SCED in the snow season were significantly positively correlated with the SOS and negatively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCOD was significantly negatively correlated with the SOS and positively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCD and SCF can directly affect the SOS of grassland vegetation,while the EOS and LOS were obviously influenced by the SCOD and SCED.This study provides a scientific basis for exploring the response trends of alpine vegetation to global climate change.
基金supported by the Pre-research Fund (N0901-041)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education(CX09B 081Z CX10B 110Z)
文摘A novel adaptive sampling interval algorithm for multitarget tracking is presented. This algorithm which is based on interacting multiple models incorporates the grey relational grade （GRG） into the particle swarm optimization （PSO）. Firstly, the desired tracking accuracy is set for each target. Secondly, sampling intervals are selected as particles, and then the advantage of the GRG is taken as the measurement function for resource management. Meanwhile, the fitness value of the PSO is used to measure the difference between desired tracking accuracy and estimated tracking accuracy. Finally, it is suggested that the radar should track the target whose prediction value of the next sampling interval is the smallest. Simulations show that the proposed method improves both the tracking accuracy and tracking efficiency of the phased-array radar.
文摘The analysis of grey system, kriging interpolation, and integration selection index were employed to investigate the relationships between the flower yield/plant （FY） and 15 other quantitative traits of 20 rugosa rose cultivars. The result showed that： The grey relational grade （GRG） of the number of flowers/plant （NF）, the number of branches/plant （NB）, the width of floral bud （WB）, and the weight/flower （WF） to the FY were larger （〉 0.5）; FY improved with the increase of NF and NB. Moreover, the indirect selection of either trait could not achieve improvement of FY. It is necessary to improve FY by multi-trait selection. The integration selection index （ISI） equation of FY was established with the characters NF, NB, WB, and WF： I= 0.3187x1 - 318.6x2 ＋ 670.1 x4 ＋ 6.3xa, index heritability = 0.8014, selective response of the integration breeding value = 245.8811. This will provide a theoretic basis for the genetic breeding of rugosa rose.
基金Project(2003BA808A15-2-4) supported by the National Scientific and Technologies Key Task Program
文摘A comprehensive assessing method based on the principle of the gray system theory and gray relational grade analysis was put forward to optimize water consumption forecasting models. The method provides a better accuracy for the assessment and the optimal selection of the water consumption forecasting models. The results show that the forecasting model built on this comprehensive assessing method presents better self-adaptability and accuracy in forecasting.
文摘Multi-attribute decision problems where the performances of the alternatives are random variables are considered. The suggested approach grades the probabilities of preference of one alternative over another with respect to the same attribute. Based on the graded probabilistic dominance relation, the pairwise comparison information table is defined. The global preferences of the decision maker can be seen as a rough binary relation. The present paper proposes to approximate this preference relation by means of the graded probabilistic dominance relation with respect to the subsets of attributes. At last, the method is illustrated by an example.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U0934006)
文摘According to characteristic of hydroforming of parallel multi-branch tubes,multi-objective problems were transformed to single objective problem of relational grade comparison by grey system theory.Two different objectives were selected,according to the principle that process parameters were optimal which of grey relational grade were maximum,the optimal loading parameters under different objective condition were obtained,and loading paths were optimized.The results indicated that parallel multi-branch tubes hydroformed under loading paths optimized by grey system theory could meet with the requirement that objective was optimal.And the optimal loading paths under different objectives were different,and the appropriate objective should be selected according to forming characteristic.
文摘Computer chip is always accompanied by the increase of heat dissipation and miniaturization. The miniature heat pipes are widely used in notebook computer to resolve the heat dissipation problems. Maximum heat removed model of miniature heat pipes building by grey model is presented. In order to know the foundation for modeling, the smooth grade of error examination is inquired and the accuracy of grey relational grade is verified. The model can be used to select a suitable heat pipes to solve electric heat problems in the future. Final results show that the grey model only needs four experiment data and its error value is less than 10%, further, it is better than computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(YQ2021C019)。
文摘Low temperature significantly restricts crop yield and quality.Medicago falcata(M.falcata)is a typical legume species that exhibits great capacity of tolerance to low temperature.To understand the low-temperature responses in M.falcata,the electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation level,and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD),and contents of reduced glutathione(GSH),soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline were investigated in low-temperature-stressed M.falcata leaves.The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde(MDA)content increased,and could be used to quantify low-temperature damage at cellular level.And then,the significant change of SOD,POD and CAT activities,and GSH content reflected the higher reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging capacity in M.falcata.In addition,the significant change of soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline contents helped to maintain osmotic equilibrium,energy supply and protein functions.These nine physiological traits were analyzed by gray relational grade analysis and ranked from the highest to the lowest as follows:electrolyte leakage,GSH,proline,soluble protein,MDA,soluble sugar,SOD,CAT and POD,and illustrated that the electrolyte leakage level,GSH and proline contents should be selected and measured priority in M.falcata low-temperature tolerance to improve measurement efficiency.
