Taxation,the primary source of fiscal revenue,has profound implications in guiding resource allocation,promoting economic growth,adjusting social wealth distribution,and enhancing cultural influence.The development of...Taxation,the primary source of fiscal revenue,has profound implications in guiding resource allocation,promoting economic growth,adjusting social wealth distribution,and enhancing cultural influence.The development of e-taxation provides a enhanced security for taxation,but it still faces the risk of inefficiency and tax data leakage.As a decentralized ledger,blockchain provides an effective solution for protecting tax data and avoiding tax-related errors and fraud.The introduction of blockchain into e-taxation protocols can ensure the public verification of taxes.However,balancing taxpayer identity privacy with regulation remains a challenge.In this paper,we propose a blockchain-based anonymous and regulatory e-taxation protocol.This protocol ensures the supervision and tracking of malicious taxpayers while maintaining honest taxpayer identity privacy,reduces the storage needs for public key certificates in the public key infrastructure,and enables selfcertification of taxpayers’public keys and addresses.We formalize the security model of unforgeability for transactions,anonymity for honest taxpayers,and traceability for malicious taxpayers.Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol satisfies unforgeability,anonymity,and traceability.The experimental results of time consumption show that the protocol is feasible in practical applications.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries show great potential as energy storage candidates due to their high-safety and low-cost,but confronts hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and dendrite growth at anode side and polyio...Aqueous zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries show great potential as energy storage candidates due to their high-safety and low-cost,but confronts hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and dendrite growth at anode side and polyiodide shuttling at cathode side.Herein,"tennis racket"(TR)hydrogel electrolytes were prepared by the co-polymerization and co-blending of polyacrylamide(PAM),sodium lignosulfonate(SL),and sodium alginate(SA)to synchronously regulate cathode and anode of Zn-I_(2)batteries."Gridline structure"of TR can induce the uniform transportation of Zn^(2+)ions through the coordination effect to hinder HER and dendrite growth at anode side,as well as hit I_(3)^(-)ions as"tennis"via the strong repulsion force to avoid shuttle effect at cathode side.The synergistic effect of TR electrolyte endows Zn-Zn symmetric battery with high cycling stability over 4500 h and Zn-I_(2)cell with the stably cycling life of 15000 cycles at5 A g^(-1),outperforming the reported works.The practicability of TR electrolyte is verified by flexible Zn-I_(2)pouch battery.This work opens a route to synchronously regulate cathode and anode to enhance the electrochemical performance of Zn-I_(2)batteries.展开更多
The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA P...The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.展开更多
The development of high-performance structural and functional materials is vital in many industrial fields.High-and medium-entropy alloys(H/MEAs)with superior comprehensive properties owing to their specific microstru...The development of high-performance structural and functional materials is vital in many industrial fields.High-and medium-entropy alloys(H/MEAs)with superior comprehensive properties owing to their specific microstructures are promising candidates for structural materials.More importantly,multitudinous efforts have been made to regulate the microstructures and the properties of H/MEAs to further expand their industrial applications.The various heterostructures have enormous potential for the development of H/MEAs with outstanding performance.Herein,multiple heterogeneous structures with single and hierarchical heterogeneities were discussed in detail.Moreover,preparation methods for compositional inhomogeneity,bimodal structures,dualphase structures,lamella/layered structures,harmonic structures(core-shell),multiscale precipitates and heterostructures coupled with specific microstructures in H/MEAs were also systematically reviewed.The deformation mechanisms induced by the different heterostructures were thoroughly discussed to explore the relationship between the heterostructures and the optimized properties of H/MEAs.The contributions of the heterostructures and advanced microstructures to the H/MEAs were comprehensively elucidated to further improve the properties of the alloys.Finally,this review discussed the future challenges of high-performance H/MEAs for industrial applications and provides feasible methods for optimizing heterostructures to enhance the comprehensive properties of H/MEAs.展开更多
Anthocyanins are important metabolites that provide a red or blue-purple hue to plants.The biosynthesis of these metabolites is mainly activated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40(MBW)complex and repressed by a wide variety of prot...Anthocyanins are important metabolites that provide a red or blue-purple hue to plants.The biosynthesis of these metabolites is mainly activated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40(MBW)complex and repressed by a wide variety of proteins.Studies have shown that MYB activators activate MYB repressors to balance anthocyanin biosynthesis.However,there is a scarcity of studies investigating this mechanism in grapes.To explore the transcription factors involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis,we reanalyzed the RNA-seq database for different developmental stages of‘Muscat Hamburg'berries,and the R2R3-MYB gene,annotated as VvMYB3,was screened.Our study revealed the anthocyanin content of the grape cultivar‘Y73'was higher than that of its parental cultivar MH,and the putative repressor VvMYB3 was found to be highly expressed in‘Y73'by qRT-PCR.The calli transgenic assays demonstrated that the repressive activity of VvMYB3 was conferred by the b HLH-binding motif,as well as by the C1 and C2 motifs.Yeast hybridization and chip-PCR assays revealed that VvMYB3 could repress anthocyanin biosynthesis by competing with VvMYBA1 to bind to VvMYC1 and promoting histone deacetylation of VvUFGT via the C2 motif.However,the expression of VvMYB3 was activated by VvMYBA1,which forms a negative feedback regulatory loop to modulate anthocyanin accumulation.In addition,we found a 408-bp repeat tandem sequence insertion in the VvMYBA1 promoter region of‘Y73'by sequencing.The GUS activity analysis showed that this sequence enhanced the expression of VvMYBA1 and led to an excessive accumulation of anthocyanins.Overall,our results provide insights into the anthocyanin activator-repressor system in grapes that prevents overaccumulation of anthocyanins.展开更多
Carotenoid isomerase(CRTISO)is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis,and it catalyzes the conversion of lycopene precursors to lycopene in several plant species.However,the role of CRTISO in other biochemical...Carotenoid isomerase(CRTISO)is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis,and it catalyzes the conversion of lycopene precursors to lycopene in several plant species.However,the role of CRTISO in other biochemical processes during plant growth and development remains unclear.Here,we showed that Chinese kale boacrtiso mutants have distinctive characteristics,including a yellowgreen hue and glossy appearance,and this contrasts with the dark green and glaucous traits observed in wild-type(WT)plants.Analysis of pigments in mutants revealed that the reduction in the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls contributed to the yellow-green coloration observed in mutants.An examination of cuticular waxes in Chinese kale indicated that there was a decrease in both the total wax content and the content of individual waxes in boacrtiso mutants(bearing a mutation of BoaCRTISO),which may be caused by the decrease of abscisic acid(ABA)content.The expression of carotenoid,chlorophyll,ABA,and wax biosynthesis genes was downregulated in boacrtiso mutants.This finding confirms that BoaCRTISO regulates the biosynthesis of pigments,ABA,and cuticular waxes in Chinese kale.Our results provide new insights into the interplay between plant pigment and cuticular wax metabolic pathways in Brassica vegetables.展开更多
The orientation of precipitates was regulated by an improved twinning-aging-detwinning(TAD)process in Mg-Sn sheets.A structure with specific proportions of dual-precipitates was regulated,significantly enhancing the m...The orientation of precipitates was regulated by an improved twinning-aging-detwinning(TAD)process in Mg-Sn sheets.A structure with specific proportions of dual-precipitates was regulated,significantly enhancing the material’s strength.The formation mechanism of the dual-precipitates was investigated,and the evolution of precipitate orientation was confirmed.A combined SEM,EBSD and TEM method was developed to identify the coupling relationship between complex grain orientation and precipitate orientation.The orientation relationship between precipitates and the matrix could be quantitatively analyzed in the same region.Subsequently,the Orowan model was refined to quantify the strength enhancement effect following the orientation regulation of precipitates.The TAD sample containing dual-precipitates exhibited a 99.1%increase in TYS,equivalent to an increase of 108 MPa,compared to unregulated samples A.According to Orowan calculations,the theoretical strength increment from the three strengthening mechanisms was 113 MPa,closely matching the experimental increment of 108 MPa.Notably,the materials with a specific proportion of the dual-precipitates showed a substantial increase in strength.展开更多
Red fruit peel is one of pear's most valuable economic traits and is mainly determined by anthocyanins.Many pear cultivars with a red peel originated from bud sports;however,little is known about the genetic mecha...Red fruit peel is one of pear's most valuable economic traits and is mainly determined by anthocyanins.Many pear cultivars with a red peel originated from bud sports;however,little is known about the genetic mechanisms underlying this trait.We have previously identified a mutant Pp BBX24 containing a 14-nucleotide deletion in the coding region(Ppbbx24-del)as the only known variant associated with the red coloration of the mutant‘Red Zaosu'pear(Pyrus pyrifolia White Pear Group).Herein,we analyzed the role of the mutant gene in red coloration and its mechanism of action.The results showed that light promoted red peel coloration in the‘Red Zaosu'pear,and Ppbbx24-del positively affected light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis,while normal Pp BBX24 had the opposite effects.Transient and stable transformation experiments confirmed that Ppbbx24-del could promote anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruit peels,calli,and tobacco flowers.Due to the loss of nuclear localization sequence(NLS)and viral protein(VP)domains,Ppbbx24-del co-localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm,whereas PpBBX24 localized only in the nucleus.Real-time PCR and transcriptome analyses indicated that PpM YB10 and PpH Y5 are highly expressed in the‘Red Zaosu'pear.In yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays,Ppbbx24-del and PpHY5 independently promoted the expression of PpC HS,PpC HI,and PpM YB10 by binding to their promoters;however,PpBBX24 did not affect the expression of these genes.Additionally,we found that Ppbbx24-del and PpHY5 had additive effects on the expression of PpC HS,PpC HI,and PpMYB10,as they promote the expression of anthocyanin synthesis genes separately.The co-expression of PpB BX24 and PpHY5 inhibited the activation of downstream genes by PpHY5,which was attributed to the interaction between the two loci.In conclusion,our results clarify the molecular mechanism by which mutant Ppbbx24-del and PpBBX24 exert opposite effects in regulating anthocyanin accumulation in pear.These findings lay an important theoretical foundation for using Ppbbx24-del to create red pear cultivars.展开更多
To advance the precise regulation and high-value utilization of halloysite nanotubes(HNTs),this work systematically investigated five treatment strategies,including calcination,acid treatment,alkali treatment,acid tre...To advance the precise regulation and high-value utilization of halloysite nanotubes(HNTs),this work systematically investigated five treatment strategies,including calcination,acid treatment,alkali treatment,acid treatment of calcined HNTs,and alkali treatment of calcined HNTs,to modulate their structural and application properties.The structural characteristics,surface properties,and methylene blue(MB)adsorption capacity of HNTs under multiple treatments were systematically analyzed.Calcination at varying temperatures modified the crystal structure,morphology,and surface properties of HNTs,with higher calcination temperatures reducing their reactivity towards MB.Moderate acid treatment expanded the lumen and decreased the surface potential of HNTs,significantly enhancing MB adsorption capacity.In contrast,alkali treatment dispersed the multilayered walls of HNTs and raised surface potential,reducing MB affinity.Acid treatment of calcined HNTs effectively increased their specific surface areas by leaching most of Al while maintaining the tubular structure,thereby maximizing MB adsorption.Alkali treatment of calcined HNTs destroyed the tubular structure and resulted in poor MB adsorption.HNTs pre-calcined at 600℃ for 3 h and acid-treated at 60℃ for 8 h exhibited an optimal specific surface area of443 m^(2)·g^(-1)and an MB adsorption capacity of 190 mg·g^(-1).Kinetic and Arrhenius equation fittings indicated that chemical reactions control interactions of acids and alkalis with HNTs.This study provides a comprehensive comparison and analysis of five treatment methods,offering insights into regulating the structures and surface properties of HNTs by controlling the treatment condition,thereby laying a foundation for their efficient utilization in practical applications.展开更多
Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida)petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles,and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment.Nevertheless,the r...Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida)petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles,and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment.Nevertheless,the regulatory interplay between anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification processes remains somewhat unclear.The present study characterized an activator RhMYB114 and a repressor RhMYB16,which functioned synergistically in anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in rose.Transforming tobacco and roses by overexpression,the introduction of RhMYB114 resulted in an increase in anthocyanin levels and a noticeable decrease in pH in the petal cells of both rose and tobacco,whereas RhMYB16 introduction led to inverse effects.To further clarify the underlying the regulatory mechanisms,the yeast two-hybrid(Y2H),bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and dual-luciferase(LUC)were employed.The results showed that RhMYB16 competed with RhMYB114,bound to RhbHLH3 or RhbHLH33,and inhibited its ability to induce the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and acidification.Our findings revealed a feedback mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification involving RhMYB114,which stimulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB16,whose encoded protein RhMYB16,in turn,negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB114.Therefore,this study underscores the pivotal roles of the RhMYB114eRhMYB16 loop in regulating anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification,offering insights into metabolic manipulation to enhance the aesthetic appeal of roses.展开更多
5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA)is a natural plant growth regulator that promotes plant freezing tolerance.The WRKY family consists of plantspecific transcription factors(TFs)associated with abiotic stress responses.Up to n...5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA)is a natural plant growth regulator that promotes plant freezing tolerance.The WRKY family consists of plantspecific transcription factors(TFs)associated with abiotic stress responses.Up to now,whether WRKYs are involved in ALA-induced plant freezing tolerance and the underlying mechanism is not clear.In this study,we found that pretreatment with 50 mg·L^(-1) ALA one week earlier significantly increased the freezing tolerance of nectarine(Prunus persica var.nectarina)pistils with higher antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic solutes when the floral twigs were stressed by-3℃ for 6 h.ALA also enhanced the expression of PpWRKY18,PpCBF1,PpCOR1,and several genes encoding antioxidant enzymes(such as superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase)and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase(P5CS).When PpWRKY18 was overexpressed in tobacco,the transgenic plants exhibited greater freezing tolerance,which was further promoted by exogenous ALA.Y2H,Pull-down,BiFC,and LCI analyses revealed that PpWRKY18 interacts with PpCBF1,promoting the latter transcriptional activity.Additionally,Y1H experiments showed that PpWRKY18 directly binds to the promoter of PpPOD41 while PpCBF1 binds to the promoters of PpP5CS1 and PpCOR1,activating the target gene expressions.Furthermore,we established a yeast library using the promoter of PpWRKY18 as the bait to screen the upstream regulatory factors.By library screening,Y1H,DLR,and EMSA,we found that PpC3H37,a zinc finger protein,was responsive to chilling and ALA treatment,and as a transcription factor,it activated PpWRKY18 expression by directly binding to the promoter.Taken together,we reveal a regulatory network where ALA induces upregulation of PpC3H37 expression,which positively regulates PpWRKY18 expression.Subsequently,the regulatory pathway diverges into two branches.The first is CBF-dependent,where PpCBF1 interacts with PpWRKY18,binding the promoters of PpP5CS1 and PpCOR1.The second is CBF-independent,where PpWRKY18 directly binds the promoter of PpPOD41 to upregulate the gene expression and increase the antioxidant enzyme activity and freezing tolerance.These findings provide a novel insight of the mechanism of ALA in regulating the cold hardiness of nectarine pistil.展开更多
Objective Glioma is a highly heterogeneous and malignant intracranial tumor that presents challenges for clinical treatment.ELMO domain containing 2(ELMOD2)is a GTPase-activating protein that regulates a range of cell...Objective Glioma is a highly heterogeneous and malignant intracranial tumor that presents challenges for clinical treatment.ELMO domain containing 2(ELMOD2)is a GTPase-activating protein that regulates a range of cellular biological processes.However,its specific role and prognostic value in tumorigenesis are still unknown.This study aimed to assess the prognostic relevance and signaling function of ELMOD2 in gliomas.Methods The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA)and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the expression profile of ELMOD2 in gliomas,elucidating its associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis.Single-cell analysis was performed to characterize ELMOD2 expression across distinct glioma cell subpopulations.Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses,and Gene Set Variation Analysis(GSVA)were employed to evaluate the potential biological functions of ELMOD2 in gliomagenesis.Specific small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)were used to knock down ELMOD2 in the glioma cell lines U251 and A172 to assess their cellular behaviors and examine the levels of multiple key signaling molecules associated with the occurrence of gliomas.Results ELMOD2 was overexpressed in gliomas,and this upregulation was correlated with tumor grade,isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation,and 1p/19q codeletion status.Notably,ELMOD2 expression was elevated in classical and mesenchymal subtypes,and single-cell resolution analysis revealed predominant enrichment within malignant cells.Functionally,ELMOD2 regulated cell cycle progression,and its overexpression was related to independent adverse outcomes.In vitro experiments revealed that ELMOD2 was located in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.Furthermore,ELMOD2 knockdown reduced proliferation,migration,and invasion and increased apoptosis in U251 and A172 cell lines.Finally,ELMOD2 knockdown significantly decreased p-Erk1/2.Conclusions ELMOD2 expression in glioma is positively correlated with tumorigenesis and is a crucial independent prognostic marker.Thus,ELMOD2 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma treatment.展开更多
Heterotrimeric G proteins are crucial transducers of signaling from receptors,participating in growth and development,as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli.However,little is known about their roles in ...Heterotrimeric G proteins are crucial transducers of signaling from receptors,participating in growth and development,as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli.However,little is known about their roles in regulating various yield-related traits in legumes.In this study,we systematically analyzed the functions of two G-protein-encoding genes,MtGα1 and MtGβ1,along with Regulator of G-protein Signaling1(MtRGS1),in Medicago truncatula.All three genes were ubiquitously expressed in roots,stems,leaves,nodules,flowers,and pods.We generated the knockout mutants Mtgα1,Mtgβ1,and Mtrgs1 using CRISPR/Cas9 and assessed their growth and development.MtGα1 knockout resulted in slightly shorter plants with smaller pods and shorter spines,but larger seeds,without affecting overall biomass or other traits.MtGβ1 knockout led to dwarfism,weak root development,a severe drop in biomass production,smaller legume pods with shorter spines,and smaller seeds.However,the Mtrgs1 mutants were largely similar to wild-type plants,with few significant defects in growth and development.We also investigated the symbiotic nodulation-related phenotypes of these mutants,discovering that Mtgβ1 mutants produce lighter nodules,whereas Mtgα1 and Mtrgs1 mutants have normal nodulation phenotypes similar to those of wild-type plants.These observations suggest that MtGβ1 positively regulates nodulation,although the detailed mechanisms by which G proteins regulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation in M.truncatula remain to be explored.This work provides potentially valuable genetic resources for further functional analysis and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of G proteins in this model legume.展开更多
Constructing multi-dimensional hydrogen bond(H-bond)regulated single-molecule systems with multiemission remains a challenge.Herein,we report the design of a new excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)feat...Constructing multi-dimensional hydrogen bond(H-bond)regulated single-molecule systems with multiemission remains a challenge.Herein,we report the design of a new excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)featured chromophore(HBT-DPI)that shows flexible emission tunability via the multidimensional regulation of intra-and intermolecular H-bonds.The feature of switchable intramolecular Hbonds is induced via incorporating several hydrogen bond acceptors and donors into one single HBT-DPI molecule,allowing the“turn on/off”of ESIPT process by forming isomers with distinct intramolecular Hbonds configurations.In response to different external H-bonding environments,the obtained four types of crystal/cocrystals vary in the contents of isomers and the molecular packing modes,which are mainly guided by the intermolecular H-bonds,exhibiting non-emissive features or emissions ranging from green to orange.Utilizing the feature of intermolecular H-bond guided molecular packing,we demonstrate the utility of this fluorescent material for visualizing hydrophobic/hydrophilic areas on large-scale heterogeneous surfaces of modified poly(1,1-difluoroethylene)(PVDF)membranes and quantitatively estimating the surface hydrophobicity,providing a new approach for hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity monitoring and measurement.Overall,this study represents a new design strategy for constructing multi-dimensional hydrogen bond regulated ESIPT-based fluorescent materials that enable multiple emissions and unique applications.展开更多
Platinum(Pt) nanoparticle catalysts remain the most popular cathode materials for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Non-metallic alloying of Pt has become an emerging strategy to i...Platinum(Pt) nanoparticle catalysts remain the most popular cathode materials for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Non-metallic alloying of Pt has become an emerging strategy to improve electrocatalytic performance, however, the electrocatalytic ORR mechanisms still need to be understood for further improvement toward practical application. Herein, a rapid microwave reduction method is employed for alloying phosphorous(P) into Pt to form a carbon supported phosphorus-alloyed Pt nanoparticle catalyst(P-Pt/C), which demonstrates the ability to replace commercial Pt/C. By a combination of density functional theory calculations and in-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy, the regulation role of P-alloying in the electrocatalytic mechanisms is revealed. It is found that the nearby Pt atoms can convert the ORR pathway from associative one to dissociative one, exhibiting a spontaneous dissociation of*OOH intermediate to*OH and*O species as well as a change of potential determining step to*O protonation. Furthermore, the strategy of large-scale economic synthesis of such alloying Pt-based catalyst is also established, demonstrated by a gram-level synthesis per batch.This study puts insight into the electrocatalytic ORR fundamentals of Pt-alloying with non-metals and provides a basis for the reasonable design and synthesis of efficient nonmetals-alloyed Pt catalysts.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: Exploring the effect of Optimized New Shengmai powder(优化新生脉散方, ONSMP) on myocardial fibrosis in heart failure(HF) based on rat sarcoma(RAS)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma(RAF)/mitogen-activated pro...OBJECTIVE: Exploring the effect of Optimized New Shengmai powder(优化新生脉散方, ONSMP) on myocardial fibrosis in heart failure(HF) based on rat sarcoma(RAS)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma(RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK) signaling pathway. METHODS: Randomized 70 Sprague-Dawley rats into sham(n = 10) and operation(n = 60) groups, then established the HF rat by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. We randomly divided the operation group rats into the model, ONSMP [including low(L), medium(M), and high(H) dose], and enalapril groups. After the 4-week drug intervention, echocardiography examines the cardiac function and calculates the ratios of the whole/left heart to the rat's body weight. Finally, we observed the degree of myocardial fibrosis by pathological sections, determined myocardium collagen(COL) Ⅰ and COL Ⅲ content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, detected the m RNA levels of COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅲ, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), and c-Fos proto-oncogene(c-Fos) by universal real-time, and detected the protein expression of p-RAS, p-RAF, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-ETS-like-1 transcription factor(p-ELK1), p-c-Fos, α-SMA, COL Ⅰ, and COL Ⅲ by Western blot. RESULTS: ONSMP can effectively improve HF rat's cardiac function, decrease cardiac organ coefficient, COL volume fraction, and COL Ⅰ/Ⅲ content, down-regulate the m RNA of COL Ⅰ/Ⅲ, α-SMA and c-Fos, and the protein of p-RAS, p-RAF, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-ELK1, c-Fos, COL Ⅰ/Ⅲ, and α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS: ONSMP can effectively reduce myocardial fibrosis in HF rats, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.展开更多
The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries for large-grid scale systems is still hindered by uncontrolled zinc dendrite and side reactions.Regulating the elec-trical double layer via the electrode/electro...The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries for large-grid scale systems is still hindered by uncontrolled zinc dendrite and side reactions.Regulating the elec-trical double layer via the electrode/electrolyte interface layer is an effective strategy to improve the stability of Zn anodes.Herein,we report an ultrathin zincophilic ZnS layer as a model regu-lator.At a given cycling current,the cell with Zn@ZnS electrode displays a lower potential drop over the Helmholtz layer(stern layer)and a suppressed diffuse layer,indicating the regulated charge distribution and decreased electric double layer repulsion force.Boosted zinc adsorption sites are also expected as proved by the enhanced electric double-layer capacitance.Consequently,the symmetric cell with the ZnS protection layer can stably cycle for around 3,000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2) with a lower overpotential of 25 mV.When coupled with an I2/AC cathode,the cell demonstrates a high rate performance of 160 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) and long cycling stability of over 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).The Zn||MnO_(2) also sustains both high capacity and long cycling stability of 130 mAh g^(-1) after 1,200 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1).展开更多
Zinc-ion batteries are promising for large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems,which still suffer from interfacial issues,e.g.,hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER),self-corrosion,and uncontrollable dendritic...Zinc-ion batteries are promising for large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems,which still suffer from interfacial issues,e.g.,hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER),self-corrosion,and uncontrollable dendritic Zn electrodeposition.Although the regulation of electric double layer(EDL)has been verified for interfacial issues,the principle to select the additive as the regulator is still misted.Here,several typical amino acids with different characteristics were examined to reveal the interfacial behaviors in regulated EDL on the Zn anode.Negative charged acidic polarity(NCAP)has been unveiled as the guideline for selecting additive to reconstruct EDL with an inner zincophilic H_(2)O-poor layer and to replace H_(2)O molecules of hydrated Zn^(2+)with NCAP glutamate.Taking the synergistic effects of EDL regulation,the uncontrollable interface is significantly stabilized from the suppressed HER and anti-self-corrosion with uniform electrodeposition.Consequently,by adding NCAP glutamate,a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%of Zn metal is achieved in Zn|Cu asymmetrical cell for over 2000 cycles,and NH4V4O10|Zn full cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 82.1%after 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Recapitulating,the NCAP principle posted here can quicken the design of trailblazing electrolyte additives for aqueous Zn-based electrochemical energy storage systems.展开更多
Phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)is a multifunctional gene involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are generated from back-splicing events during mRNA processing and...Phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)is a multifunctional gene involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are generated from back-splicing events during mRNA processing and participate in cell biological processes through binding to RNAs or proteins.However,PTEN-related circRNAs are largely unknown.Here,we report that circPTEN-mitochondria(MT)(hsa_circ_0002934)is a circular RNA encoded by exons 3,4,and 5 of PTEN and is a critical regulator of mitochondrial energy metabolism.CircPTEN-MT is localized to mitochondria and physically associated with leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein(LRPPRC),which regulates posttranscriptional gene expression in mitochondria.Knocking down circPTEN-MT reduces the interaction of LRPPRC and steroid receptor RNA activator(SRA)stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein(SLIRP)and inhibits the polyadenylation of mitochondrial mRNA,which decreases the mRNA level of the mitochondrial complex I subunit and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production.Our data demonstrate that circPTEN-MT is an important regulator of cellular energy metabolism.This study expands our understanding of the role of PTEN,which produces both linear and circular RNAs with different and independent functions.展开更多
Florets are the basic structural units of spikelets,and their morphogenesis determines the yield and quality of rice grains.However,whether and how pseudouridine-5’-phosphate glycosidase participates in rice spikelet...Florets are the basic structural units of spikelets,and their morphogenesis determines the yield and quality of rice grains.However,whether and how pseudouridine-5’-phosphate glycosidase participates in rice spikelet development remains an open question.In this study,we identified a novel gene,OsPPG,which encodes a peroxisome-localized pseudouridine-5’-phosphate glycosidase and regulates the development of rice spikelets.osppg mutants exhibited abnormal sterile lemma,lemma,palea,lodicule,stamens,and pistils;male sterility;shorter panicles;and reduced plant height.OsPPG was found to regulate several OsMADS genes,thereby affecting the morphogenesis of rice spikelets.Furthermore,metabolomics revealed that the OsPPG gene was involved in the decomposition of pseudouridine via the pyrimidine metabolism pathway and may affect the jasmonic acid signaling pathway.These results suggest that OsPPG is a key regulator of rice spikelet development.展开更多
文摘Taxation,the primary source of fiscal revenue,has profound implications in guiding resource allocation,promoting economic growth,adjusting social wealth distribution,and enhancing cultural influence.The development of e-taxation provides a enhanced security for taxation,but it still faces the risk of inefficiency and tax data leakage.As a decentralized ledger,blockchain provides an effective solution for protecting tax data and avoiding tax-related errors and fraud.The introduction of blockchain into e-taxation protocols can ensure the public verification of taxes.However,balancing taxpayer identity privacy with regulation remains a challenge.In this paper,we propose a blockchain-based anonymous and regulatory e-taxation protocol.This protocol ensures the supervision and tracking of malicious taxpayers while maintaining honest taxpayer identity privacy,reduces the storage needs for public key certificates in the public key infrastructure,and enables selfcertification of taxpayers’public keys and addresses.We formalize the security model of unforgeability for transactions,anonymity for honest taxpayers,and traceability for malicious taxpayers.Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol satisfies unforgeability,anonymity,and traceability.The experimental results of time consumption show that the protocol is feasible in practical applications.
基金financially supported by the Energy Revolution S&T Program of Yulin Innovation Institute of Clean Energy(E411060316)the NSFC-CONICFT Joint Project(51961125207)+1 种基金the Special Fund(2024)of Basic Scientific Research Project at Undergraduate University in Liaoning Province(LJ212410152056)the Foundation(GZKF202301)of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking,Qilu University of Technology,Shandong Academy of Sciences。
文摘Aqueous zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries show great potential as energy storage candidates due to their high-safety and low-cost,but confronts hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and dendrite growth at anode side and polyiodide shuttling at cathode side.Herein,"tennis racket"(TR)hydrogel electrolytes were prepared by the co-polymerization and co-blending of polyacrylamide(PAM),sodium lignosulfonate(SL),and sodium alginate(SA)to synchronously regulate cathode and anode of Zn-I_(2)batteries."Gridline structure"of TR can induce the uniform transportation of Zn^(2+)ions through the coordination effect to hinder HER and dendrite growth at anode side,as well as hit I_(3)^(-)ions as"tennis"via the strong repulsion force to avoid shuttle effect at cathode side.The synergistic effect of TR electrolyte endows Zn-Zn symmetric battery with high cycling stability over 4500 h and Zn-I_(2)cell with the stably cycling life of 15000 cycles at5 A g^(-1),outperforming the reported works.The practicability of TR electrolyte is verified by flexible Zn-I_(2)pouch battery.This work opens a route to synchronously regulate cathode and anode to enhance the electrochemical performance of Zn-I_(2)batteries.
基金supported by Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Project(Grant No.202401BD070001-016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202530)+3 种基金Talent Introduction and Training Project of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024RCYP-09)Fundamental Research Project(Grant No.202401CF070046)Xingdian Talent support program(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0457)Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Flower Technique.
文摘The proper flowering time of rose(Rosa hybrida)is vital for the market value of this horticultural crop,but the mechanism regulating this trait is largely unclear.Here,we found that the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE4(RhSPL4)positively regulates flowering time in rose.Transient silencing or overexpression transgenic rose plants of RhSPL4 exhibited delayed or early flowering,respectively.Analysis of transcriptome data from transgenic lines overexpressing RhSPL4 compared to the wild type indicated that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the circadian rhythm pathway.Among the proteins encoded by these genes,RhSPL4 binds to the promoter of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5-LIKE(RhPRR5L),as revealed in yeast one-hybrid,dual-Luciferase/Renilla luciferase reporter,chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Furthermore,RhSPL4 specifically binds to the478 to441 bp region of the RhPRR5L promoter and activates its transcription.The silencing of RhPRR5L delayed flowering time in rose,resembling the phenotype of RhSPL4-silenced plants.Together,these results indicate that the RhSPL4-RhPRR5L module positively regulates flowering time in rose,laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of flowering time in this important horticultural crop.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52261032,51861021,51661016)Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(21YF5GA074)+2 种基金Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(LGG22E010008)Wenzhou Basic Public Welfare Scientific Research Project(G2023020)Incubation Program of Excellent Doctoral Dissertation-Lanzhou University of Technology。
文摘The development of high-performance structural and functional materials is vital in many industrial fields.High-and medium-entropy alloys(H/MEAs)with superior comprehensive properties owing to their specific microstructures are promising candidates for structural materials.More importantly,multitudinous efforts have been made to regulate the microstructures and the properties of H/MEAs to further expand their industrial applications.The various heterostructures have enormous potential for the development of H/MEAs with outstanding performance.Herein,multiple heterogeneous structures with single and hierarchical heterogeneities were discussed in detail.Moreover,preparation methods for compositional inhomogeneity,bimodal structures,dualphase structures,lamella/layered structures,harmonic structures(core-shell),multiscale precipitates and heterostructures coupled with specific microstructures in H/MEAs were also systematically reviewed.The deformation mechanisms induced by the different heterostructures were thoroughly discussed to explore the relationship between the heterostructures and the optimized properties of H/MEAs.The contributions of the heterostructures and advanced microstructures to the H/MEAs were comprehensively elucidated to further improve the properties of the alloys.Finally,this review discussed the future challenges of high-performance H/MEAs for industrial applications and provides feasible methods for optimizing heterostructures to enhance the comprehensive properties of H/MEAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202438)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-29)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.CAASASTIP-ZFRI)。
文摘Anthocyanins are important metabolites that provide a red or blue-purple hue to plants.The biosynthesis of these metabolites is mainly activated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40(MBW)complex and repressed by a wide variety of proteins.Studies have shown that MYB activators activate MYB repressors to balance anthocyanin biosynthesis.However,there is a scarcity of studies investigating this mechanism in grapes.To explore the transcription factors involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis,we reanalyzed the RNA-seq database for different developmental stages of‘Muscat Hamburg'berries,and the R2R3-MYB gene,annotated as VvMYB3,was screened.Our study revealed the anthocyanin content of the grape cultivar‘Y73'was higher than that of its parental cultivar MH,and the putative repressor VvMYB3 was found to be highly expressed in‘Y73'by qRT-PCR.The calli transgenic assays demonstrated that the repressive activity of VvMYB3 was conferred by the b HLH-binding motif,as well as by the C1 and C2 motifs.Yeast hybridization and chip-PCR assays revealed that VvMYB3 could repress anthocyanin biosynthesis by competing with VvMYBA1 to bind to VvMYC1 and promoting histone deacetylation of VvUFGT via the C2 motif.However,the expression of VvMYB3 was activated by VvMYBA1,which forms a negative feedback regulatory loop to modulate anthocyanin accumulation.In addition,we found a 408-bp repeat tandem sequence insertion in the VvMYBA1 promoter region of‘Y73'by sequencing.The GUS activity analysis showed that this sequence enhanced the expression of VvMYBA1 and led to an excessive accumulation of anthocyanins.Overall,our results provide insights into the anthocyanin activator-repressor system in grapes that prevents overaccumulation of anthocyanins.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32372732,32072586,32372683,32460750,31500247)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2022NSFSC1689)+3 种基金Sichuan Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(Grant No.SCCXTD-2024-05)Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Project(Grant No.2023ZYD0090)the Joint research on mustard breeding in Sichuan Province(Grant No.2023YZ002)Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program[(2021)No.207].
文摘Carotenoid isomerase(CRTISO)is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis,and it catalyzes the conversion of lycopene precursors to lycopene in several plant species.However,the role of CRTISO in other biochemical processes during plant growth and development remains unclear.Here,we showed that Chinese kale boacrtiso mutants have distinctive characteristics,including a yellowgreen hue and glossy appearance,and this contrasts with the dark green and glaucous traits observed in wild-type(WT)plants.Analysis of pigments in mutants revealed that the reduction in the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls contributed to the yellow-green coloration observed in mutants.An examination of cuticular waxes in Chinese kale indicated that there was a decrease in both the total wax content and the content of individual waxes in boacrtiso mutants(bearing a mutation of BoaCRTISO),which may be caused by the decrease of abscisic acid(ABA)content.The expression of carotenoid,chlorophyll,ABA,and wax biosynthesis genes was downregulated in boacrtiso mutants.This finding confirms that BoaCRTISO regulates the biosynthesis of pigments,ABA,and cuticular waxes in Chinese kale.Our results provide new insights into the interplay between plant pigment and cuticular wax metabolic pathways in Brassica vegetables.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374405)Joint Innovaion Fund Project of Lanzhou Jiaotong University and Corresponding Supporting University(LH2024018)State Key Laboratory Open Project(Q110824Q02001)。
文摘The orientation of precipitates was regulated by an improved twinning-aging-detwinning(TAD)process in Mg-Sn sheets.A structure with specific proportions of dual-precipitates was regulated,significantly enhancing the material’s strength.The formation mechanism of the dual-precipitates was investigated,and the evolution of precipitate orientation was confirmed.A combined SEM,EBSD and TEM method was developed to identify the coupling relationship between complex grain orientation and precipitate orientation.The orientation relationship between precipitates and the matrix could be quantitatively analyzed in the same region.Subsequently,the Orowan model was refined to quantify the strength enhancement effect following the orientation regulation of precipitates.The TAD sample containing dual-precipitates exhibited a 99.1%increase in TYS,equivalent to an increase of 108 MPa,compared to unregulated samples A.According to Orowan calculations,the theoretical strength increment from the three strengthening mechanisms was 113 MPa,closely matching the experimental increment of 108 MPa.Notably,the materials with a specific proportion of the dual-precipitates showed a substantial increase in strength.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072531)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0190700)the ScienceTechnology&Innovation Funding Authority(STDF)of Egypt(43093)for funding this work。
文摘Red fruit peel is one of pear's most valuable economic traits and is mainly determined by anthocyanins.Many pear cultivars with a red peel originated from bud sports;however,little is known about the genetic mechanisms underlying this trait.We have previously identified a mutant Pp BBX24 containing a 14-nucleotide deletion in the coding region(Ppbbx24-del)as the only known variant associated with the red coloration of the mutant‘Red Zaosu'pear(Pyrus pyrifolia White Pear Group).Herein,we analyzed the role of the mutant gene in red coloration and its mechanism of action.The results showed that light promoted red peel coloration in the‘Red Zaosu'pear,and Ppbbx24-del positively affected light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis,while normal Pp BBX24 had the opposite effects.Transient and stable transformation experiments confirmed that Ppbbx24-del could promote anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruit peels,calli,and tobacco flowers.Due to the loss of nuclear localization sequence(NLS)and viral protein(VP)domains,Ppbbx24-del co-localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm,whereas PpBBX24 localized only in the nucleus.Real-time PCR and transcriptome analyses indicated that PpM YB10 and PpH Y5 are highly expressed in the‘Red Zaosu'pear.In yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays,Ppbbx24-del and PpHY5 independently promoted the expression of PpC HS,PpC HI,and PpM YB10 by binding to their promoters;however,PpBBX24 did not affect the expression of these genes.Additionally,we found that Ppbbx24-del and PpHY5 had additive effects on the expression of PpC HS,PpC HI,and PpMYB10,as they promote the expression of anthocyanin synthesis genes separately.The co-expression of PpB BX24 and PpHY5 inhibited the activation of downstream genes by PpHY5,which was attributed to the interaction between the two loci.In conclusion,our results clarify the molecular mechanism by which mutant Ppbbx24-del and PpBBX24 exert opposite effects in regulating anthocyanin accumulation in pear.These findings lay an important theoretical foundation for using Ppbbx24-del to create red pear cultivars.
基金Tural Science Foundation of China(No.52274255)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(No.52404276)+3 种基金Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.N2301003,N2201008,N2201004,and N2301025)Liaon-ingRevitalizationTalentsProgram,China(No.XLYC2202028)Postdoctoral Foundation of NortheasternUniversity,Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program byChina Association for Science and Technology(No.2022QNRC001)and China Postdoctoral Science Founda-tion(No.2022M720025)。
文摘To advance the precise regulation and high-value utilization of halloysite nanotubes(HNTs),this work systematically investigated five treatment strategies,including calcination,acid treatment,alkali treatment,acid treatment of calcined HNTs,and alkali treatment of calcined HNTs,to modulate their structural and application properties.The structural characteristics,surface properties,and methylene blue(MB)adsorption capacity of HNTs under multiple treatments were systematically analyzed.Calcination at varying temperatures modified the crystal structure,morphology,and surface properties of HNTs,with higher calcination temperatures reducing their reactivity towards MB.Moderate acid treatment expanded the lumen and decreased the surface potential of HNTs,significantly enhancing MB adsorption capacity.In contrast,alkali treatment dispersed the multilayered walls of HNTs and raised surface potential,reducing MB affinity.Acid treatment of calcined HNTs effectively increased their specific surface areas by leaching most of Al while maintaining the tubular structure,thereby maximizing MB adsorption.Alkali treatment of calcined HNTs destroyed the tubular structure and resulted in poor MB adsorption.HNTs pre-calcined at 600℃ for 3 h and acid-treated at 60℃ for 8 h exhibited an optimal specific surface area of443 m^(2)·g^(-1)and an MB adsorption capacity of 190 mg·g^(-1).Kinetic and Arrhenius equation fittings indicated that chemical reactions control interactions of acids and alkalis with HNTs.This study provides a comprehensive comparison and analysis of five treatment methods,offering insights into regulating the structures and surface properties of HNTs by controlling the treatment condition,thereby laying a foundation for their efficient utilization in practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171851)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(Grant No.LZ23C160003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang A&F University(Grant No.2016FR033)。
文摘Coloration in rose(Rosa hybrida)petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles,and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment.Nevertheless,the regulatory interplay between anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification processes remains somewhat unclear.The present study characterized an activator RhMYB114 and a repressor RhMYB16,which functioned synergistically in anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in rose.Transforming tobacco and roses by overexpression,the introduction of RhMYB114 resulted in an increase in anthocyanin levels and a noticeable decrease in pH in the petal cells of both rose and tobacco,whereas RhMYB16 introduction led to inverse effects.To further clarify the underlying the regulatory mechanisms,the yeast two-hybrid(Y2H),bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and dual-luciferase(LUC)were employed.The results showed that RhMYB16 competed with RhMYB114,bound to RhbHLH3 or RhbHLH33,and inhibited its ability to induce the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and acidification.Our findings revealed a feedback mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification involving RhMYB114,which stimulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB16,whose encoded protein RhMYB16,in turn,negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB114.Therefore,this study underscores the pivotal roles of the RhMYB114eRhMYB16 loop in regulating anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification,offering insights into metabolic manipulation to enhance the aesthetic appeal of roses.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32230097 and 32172512)the Jiangsu Special Fund for Frontier Foundation Research of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization(Grant No.BK20220005)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[Grant No.CX(20)2023]a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘5-Aminolevulinic acid(ALA)is a natural plant growth regulator that promotes plant freezing tolerance.The WRKY family consists of plantspecific transcription factors(TFs)associated with abiotic stress responses.Up to now,whether WRKYs are involved in ALA-induced plant freezing tolerance and the underlying mechanism is not clear.In this study,we found that pretreatment with 50 mg·L^(-1) ALA one week earlier significantly increased the freezing tolerance of nectarine(Prunus persica var.nectarina)pistils with higher antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic solutes when the floral twigs were stressed by-3℃ for 6 h.ALA also enhanced the expression of PpWRKY18,PpCBF1,PpCOR1,and several genes encoding antioxidant enzymes(such as superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase)and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase(P5CS).When PpWRKY18 was overexpressed in tobacco,the transgenic plants exhibited greater freezing tolerance,which was further promoted by exogenous ALA.Y2H,Pull-down,BiFC,and LCI analyses revealed that PpWRKY18 interacts with PpCBF1,promoting the latter transcriptional activity.Additionally,Y1H experiments showed that PpWRKY18 directly binds to the promoter of PpPOD41 while PpCBF1 binds to the promoters of PpP5CS1 and PpCOR1,activating the target gene expressions.Furthermore,we established a yeast library using the promoter of PpWRKY18 as the bait to screen the upstream regulatory factors.By library screening,Y1H,DLR,and EMSA,we found that PpC3H37,a zinc finger protein,was responsive to chilling and ALA treatment,and as a transcription factor,it activated PpWRKY18 expression by directly binding to the promoter.Taken together,we reveal a regulatory network where ALA induces upregulation of PpC3H37 expression,which positively regulates PpWRKY18 expression.Subsequently,the regulatory pathway diverges into two branches.The first is CBF-dependent,where PpCBF1 interacts with PpWRKY18,binding the promoters of PpP5CS1 and PpCOR1.The second is CBF-independent,where PpWRKY18 directly binds the promoter of PpPOD41 to upregulate the gene expression and increase the antioxidant enzyme activity and freezing tolerance.These findings provide a novel insight of the mechanism of ALA in regulating the cold hardiness of nectarine pistil.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Grant No:2022GXNSFAA035639 and 2023GXNSFBA026092)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:81860445 and 82260554)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(Grant No:YCBZ2024118)。
文摘Objective Glioma is a highly heterogeneous and malignant intracranial tumor that presents challenges for clinical treatment.ELMO domain containing 2(ELMOD2)is a GTPase-activating protein that regulates a range of cellular biological processes.However,its specific role and prognostic value in tumorigenesis are still unknown.This study aimed to assess the prognostic relevance and signaling function of ELMOD2 in gliomas.Methods The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA)and The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the expression profile of ELMOD2 in gliomas,elucidating its associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis.Single-cell analysis was performed to characterize ELMOD2 expression across distinct glioma cell subpopulations.Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses,and Gene Set Variation Analysis(GSVA)were employed to evaluate the potential biological functions of ELMOD2 in gliomagenesis.Specific small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)were used to knock down ELMOD2 in the glioma cell lines U251 and A172 to assess their cellular behaviors and examine the levels of multiple key signaling molecules associated with the occurrence of gliomas.Results ELMOD2 was overexpressed in gliomas,and this upregulation was correlated with tumor grade,isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation,and 1p/19q codeletion status.Notably,ELMOD2 expression was elevated in classical and mesenchymal subtypes,and single-cell resolution analysis revealed predominant enrichment within malignant cells.Functionally,ELMOD2 regulated cell cycle progression,and its overexpression was related to independent adverse outcomes.In vitro experiments revealed that ELMOD2 was located in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.Furthermore,ELMOD2 knockdown reduced proliferation,migration,and invasion and increased apoptosis in U251 and A172 cell lines.Finally,ELMOD2 knockdown significantly decreased p-Erk1/2.Conclusions ELMOD2 expression in glioma is positively correlated with tumorigenesis and is a crucial independent prognostic marker.Thus,ELMOD2 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
基金supported by the Major Demonstration Project of the Open Competition for Seed Industry Science and Technology Innovation in Inner Mongolia(2022JBGS0016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370253)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001400,and 2022YFA0912100)a Faculty Resources Project of the College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University(2022-101).
文摘Heterotrimeric G proteins are crucial transducers of signaling from receptors,participating in growth and development,as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli.However,little is known about their roles in regulating various yield-related traits in legumes.In this study,we systematically analyzed the functions of two G-protein-encoding genes,MtGα1 and MtGβ1,along with Regulator of G-protein Signaling1(MtRGS1),in Medicago truncatula.All three genes were ubiquitously expressed in roots,stems,leaves,nodules,flowers,and pods.We generated the knockout mutants Mtgα1,Mtgβ1,and Mtrgs1 using CRISPR/Cas9 and assessed their growth and development.MtGα1 knockout resulted in slightly shorter plants with smaller pods and shorter spines,but larger seeds,without affecting overall biomass or other traits.MtGβ1 knockout led to dwarfism,weak root development,a severe drop in biomass production,smaller legume pods with shorter spines,and smaller seeds.However,the Mtrgs1 mutants were largely similar to wild-type plants,with few significant defects in growth and development.We also investigated the symbiotic nodulation-related phenotypes of these mutants,discovering that Mtgβ1 mutants produce lighter nodules,whereas Mtgα1 and Mtrgs1 mutants have normal nodulation phenotypes similar to those of wild-type plants.These observations suggest that MtGβ1 positively regulates nodulation,although the detailed mechanisms by which G proteins regulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation in M.truncatula remain to be explored.This work provides potentially valuable genetic resources for further functional analysis and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of G proteins in this model legume.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2103600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878156,21978131,22275085,and 22278224)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20200089 and BK20200691)the Project of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(No.KL21-08).
文摘Constructing multi-dimensional hydrogen bond(H-bond)regulated single-molecule systems with multiemission remains a challenge.Herein,we report the design of a new excited-state intramolecular proton transfer(ESIPT)featured chromophore(HBT-DPI)that shows flexible emission tunability via the multidimensional regulation of intra-and intermolecular H-bonds.The feature of switchable intramolecular Hbonds is induced via incorporating several hydrogen bond acceptors and donors into one single HBT-DPI molecule,allowing the“turn on/off”of ESIPT process by forming isomers with distinct intramolecular Hbonds configurations.In response to different external H-bonding environments,the obtained four types of crystal/cocrystals vary in the contents of isomers and the molecular packing modes,which are mainly guided by the intermolecular H-bonds,exhibiting non-emissive features or emissions ranging from green to orange.Utilizing the feature of intermolecular H-bond guided molecular packing,we demonstrate the utility of this fluorescent material for visualizing hydrophobic/hydrophilic areas on large-scale heterogeneous surfaces of modified poly(1,1-difluoroethylene)(PVDF)membranes and quantitatively estimating the surface hydrophobicity,providing a new approach for hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity monitoring and measurement.Overall,this study represents a new design strategy for constructing multi-dimensional hydrogen bond regulated ESIPT-based fluorescent materials that enable multiple emissions and unique applications.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 23ZR1423900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22272105)。
文摘Platinum(Pt) nanoparticle catalysts remain the most popular cathode materials for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Non-metallic alloying of Pt has become an emerging strategy to improve electrocatalytic performance, however, the electrocatalytic ORR mechanisms still need to be understood for further improvement toward practical application. Herein, a rapid microwave reduction method is employed for alloying phosphorous(P) into Pt to form a carbon supported phosphorus-alloyed Pt nanoparticle catalyst(P-Pt/C), which demonstrates the ability to replace commercial Pt/C. By a combination of density functional theory calculations and in-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy, the regulation role of P-alloying in the electrocatalytic mechanisms is revealed. It is found that the nearby Pt atoms can convert the ORR pathway from associative one to dissociative one, exhibiting a spontaneous dissociation of*OOH intermediate to*OH and*O species as well as a change of potential determining step to*O protonation. Furthermore, the strategy of large-scale economic synthesis of such alloying Pt-based catalyst is also established, demonstrated by a gram-level synthesis per batch.This study puts insight into the electrocatalytic ORR fundamentals of Pt-alloying with non-metals and provides a basis for the reasonable design and synthesis of efficient nonmetals-alloyed Pt catalysts.
基金Innovation Team Development Program of the Ministry of Education:Research on the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRT-16R54)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: Exploring the effect of Optimized New Shengmai powder(优化新生脉散方, ONSMP) on myocardial fibrosis in heart failure(HF) based on rat sarcoma(RAS)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma(RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK) signaling pathway. METHODS: Randomized 70 Sprague-Dawley rats into sham(n = 10) and operation(n = 60) groups, then established the HF rat by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. We randomly divided the operation group rats into the model, ONSMP [including low(L), medium(M), and high(H) dose], and enalapril groups. After the 4-week drug intervention, echocardiography examines the cardiac function and calculates the ratios of the whole/left heart to the rat's body weight. Finally, we observed the degree of myocardial fibrosis by pathological sections, determined myocardium collagen(COL) Ⅰ and COL Ⅲ content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, detected the m RNA levels of COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅲ, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), and c-Fos proto-oncogene(c-Fos) by universal real-time, and detected the protein expression of p-RAS, p-RAF, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-ETS-like-1 transcription factor(p-ELK1), p-c-Fos, α-SMA, COL Ⅰ, and COL Ⅲ by Western blot. RESULTS: ONSMP can effectively improve HF rat's cardiac function, decrease cardiac organ coefficient, COL volume fraction, and COL Ⅰ/Ⅲ content, down-regulate the m RNA of COL Ⅰ/Ⅲ, α-SMA and c-Fos, and the protein of p-RAS, p-RAF, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-ELK1, c-Fos, COL Ⅰ/Ⅲ, and α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS: ONSMP can effectively reduce myocardial fibrosis in HF rats, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
基金financially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC),through the Discovery Grant Program (RGPIN-2018-06725)the Discovery Accelerator Supplement Grant program (RGPAS-2018-522651)+2 种基金the New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration program (NFRFE-2019-00488)supported by funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund as part of the University of Alberta’s Future Energy Systems research initiative (FES-T06-Q03)supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)(Grant No. 202006450027).
文摘The practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries for large-grid scale systems is still hindered by uncontrolled zinc dendrite and side reactions.Regulating the elec-trical double layer via the electrode/electrolyte interface layer is an effective strategy to improve the stability of Zn anodes.Herein,we report an ultrathin zincophilic ZnS layer as a model regu-lator.At a given cycling current,the cell with Zn@ZnS electrode displays a lower potential drop over the Helmholtz layer(stern layer)and a suppressed diffuse layer,indicating the regulated charge distribution and decreased electric double layer repulsion force.Boosted zinc adsorption sites are also expected as proved by the enhanced electric double-layer capacitance.Consequently,the symmetric cell with the ZnS protection layer can stably cycle for around 3,000 h at 1 mA cm^(-2) with a lower overpotential of 25 mV.When coupled with an I2/AC cathode,the cell demonstrates a high rate performance of 160 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) and long cycling stability of over 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).The Zn||MnO_(2) also sustains both high capacity and long cycling stability of 130 mAh g^(-1) after 1,200 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2057,12102328,and 52372252)the Newly Introduced Scientific Research Start-up Funds for Hightech Talents(DD11409024).
文摘Zinc-ion batteries are promising for large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems,which still suffer from interfacial issues,e.g.,hydrogen evolution side reaction(HER),self-corrosion,and uncontrollable dendritic Zn electrodeposition.Although the regulation of electric double layer(EDL)has been verified for interfacial issues,the principle to select the additive as the regulator is still misted.Here,several typical amino acids with different characteristics were examined to reveal the interfacial behaviors in regulated EDL on the Zn anode.Negative charged acidic polarity(NCAP)has been unveiled as the guideline for selecting additive to reconstruct EDL with an inner zincophilic H_(2)O-poor layer and to replace H_(2)O molecules of hydrated Zn^(2+)with NCAP glutamate.Taking the synergistic effects of EDL regulation,the uncontrollable interface is significantly stabilized from the suppressed HER and anti-self-corrosion with uniform electrodeposition.Consequently,by adding NCAP glutamate,a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%of Zn metal is achieved in Zn|Cu asymmetrical cell for over 2000 cycles,and NH4V4O10|Zn full cell exhibits a high-capacity retention of 82.1%after 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Recapitulating,the NCAP principle posted here can quicken the design of trailblazing electrolyte additives for aqueous Zn-based electrochemical energy storage systems.
基金Y.Yin including the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030081 and 81874235)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1300601)the Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund and Shenzhen Basic Research Key Project(JCYJ20220818102811024).
文摘Phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)is a multifunctional gene involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are generated from back-splicing events during mRNA processing and participate in cell biological processes through binding to RNAs or proteins.However,PTEN-related circRNAs are largely unknown.Here,we report that circPTEN-mitochondria(MT)(hsa_circ_0002934)is a circular RNA encoded by exons 3,4,and 5 of PTEN and is a critical regulator of mitochondrial energy metabolism.CircPTEN-MT is localized to mitochondria and physically associated with leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein(LRPPRC),which regulates posttranscriptional gene expression in mitochondria.Knocking down circPTEN-MT reduces the interaction of LRPPRC and steroid receptor RNA activator(SRA)stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein(SLIRP)and inhibits the polyadenylation of mitochondrial mRNA,which decreases the mRNA level of the mitochondrial complex I subunit and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production.Our data demonstrate that circPTEN-MT is an important regulator of cellular energy metabolism.This study expands our understanding of the role of PTEN,which produces both linear and circular RNAs with different and independent functions.
基金partially supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science of Fujian Province(2022J02010)Science and Technology Project of State Administration of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense,Seed Innovation and Industrialization Project of Fujian Province(zycxny2021003)Fujian Province Public Welfare Scientific Research Program(2016R1018-8)。
文摘Florets are the basic structural units of spikelets,and their morphogenesis determines the yield and quality of rice grains.However,whether and how pseudouridine-5’-phosphate glycosidase participates in rice spikelet development remains an open question.In this study,we identified a novel gene,OsPPG,which encodes a peroxisome-localized pseudouridine-5’-phosphate glycosidase and regulates the development of rice spikelets.osppg mutants exhibited abnormal sterile lemma,lemma,palea,lodicule,stamens,and pistils;male sterility;shorter panicles;and reduced plant height.OsPPG was found to regulate several OsMADS genes,thereby affecting the morphogenesis of rice spikelets.Furthermore,metabolomics revealed that the OsPPG gene was involved in the decomposition of pseudouridine via the pyrimidine metabolism pathway and may affect the jasmonic acid signaling pathway.These results suggest that OsPPG is a key regulator of rice spikelet development.
