The extensive application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles has led to a torrential surge of endof-life batteries.As the dominant anode material,graphite's environmental and resource costs in productio...The extensive application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles has led to a torrential surge of endof-life batteries.As the dominant anode material,graphite's environmental and resource costs in production highlight the necessity of recycling spent graphite(SG).However,SG recycling technologies remain markedly underdeveloped compared to the cathode recovery status,due to perceived lower economic value.This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current SG growth trend and highlights the cost accounting for graphite recycling and the significant importance of advanced recycling technologies.By examining the failure mechanisms of graphite,various recycling and upcycling technologies in both practical application and fundamental research are fully discussed,in terms of the regeneration principle,recycling effect,strengths,and limitations of each method.Furthermore,the multi-purpose applications of recycled graphite beyond LIB anodes are explored to enhance its high-value properties.Finally,the prospects of SG recycling and large-scale application challenges are presented,including economic feasibility,process optimization,and regulatory restrictions.This review provides a comprehensive overview of developments in SG recycling strategies,offering valuable insights for narrowing the gap between fundamental research and practical applications.展开更多
Large eddy simulations generally are used to predict 3D wind field characteristics in complex mountainous areas.Certain simulation boundary conditions,such as the height and length of the computational domain or the c...Large eddy simulations generally are used to predict 3D wind field characteristics in complex mountainous areas.Certain simulation boundary conditions,such as the height and length of the computational domain or the characteristics of inflow turbulence,can significantly impact the quality of predictions.In this study,we examined these boundary conditions within the context of the mountainous terrain around a long-span cable-stayed bridge using a wind tunnel experiment.Various sizes of computational domains and turbulent incoming wind velocities were used in large eddy simulations.The results show that when the height of the computational domain is five times greater than the height of the terrain model,there is minimal influence from the top wall on the wind field characteristics in this complex mountainous area.Expanding the length of the wake region of the computational domain has negligible effects on the wind fields.Turbulence in the inlet boundary reduces the length of the wake region on a leeward hill with a low slope,but has less impact on the mean wind velocity of steep hills.展开更多
In order to understand the physical phenomenon of the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction,the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)is conducted to investigate shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction ...In order to understand the physical phenomenon of the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction,the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)is conducted to investigate shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in a 12°compression ramp with inlet high Mach number of 2.9.Rescaling/recycling method is used as inflow turbulence generation technique and validated on a supersonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer.The flow field of recycling plane in the plate computation domain is obtained to give the inlet boundary condition for the LES computation.This paper focuses on the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction region,where the fine flow structure and instantaneous flow field are analyzed in detail.It is found that the unsteady motion of the shock wave leads to the increase of wall pressure fluctuation.展开更多
This research delves into the complicated issues associated with demolition,renovation,and construction of buildings to find viable,sustainable practices that will relieve some strain on nature.Identifying major compo...This research delves into the complicated issues associated with demolition,renovation,and construction of buildings to find viable,sustainable practices that will relieve some strain on nature.Identifying major components like governmental policies,cooperative work of stakeholders,assimilation of technology,and the possible transformative capacity brought by Building Information Modeling(BIM),this research attempts to unveil how a more ecologically mindful construction industry can be achieved.The methodology used in this research has a multi-dimensional approach that is aimed at thoroughly understanding and clearing the challenges within the construction industry.The strengths like government support,stakeholder involvement,technological innovations,and adoption of BIM assist in building a strong base for sustainability.The research identified opportunities for technological advancements,special solutions,and government incentives.Technological advancement is a constantly changing environment,which gives the building sector an opportunity to adapt and enhance its recycling strategies.Customized solutions highlight the fact that such"place-based"strategies are needed because different urban,suburban,and rural landscapes present distinct challenges.Most property owners would be convinced to swap their regular buildings with sustainable building techniques through incentives from the government,such as tax benefits and subsidies.Furthermore,regulatory compliance issues and resistance to change cement the fact that societies need not only solid guidelines but also constant efforts to redefine standards in every industry.Effective negotiation between stakeholders becomes essential.Therefore,it can be stated that the findings give weight as catalysts of change in terms of action within the construction industry.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2023YFB3809300)Longzhong Laboratory Research Project(grant no.2024KF-20)+4 种基金the National Science Foundation of China(grant no.52373306)the Key Research and Development Program Project of Hubei Province(grant no.2023BAB140,2024BAA013)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(grant no.2023AFA053)the Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province(grant no.251111240100)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(grant no.GZB20230553)。
文摘The extensive application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles has led to a torrential surge of endof-life batteries.As the dominant anode material,graphite's environmental and resource costs in production highlight the necessity of recycling spent graphite(SG).However,SG recycling technologies remain markedly underdeveloped compared to the cathode recovery status,due to perceived lower economic value.This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current SG growth trend and highlights the cost accounting for graphite recycling and the significant importance of advanced recycling technologies.By examining the failure mechanisms of graphite,various recycling and upcycling technologies in both practical application and fundamental research are fully discussed,in terms of the regeneration principle,recycling effect,strengths,and limitations of each method.Furthermore,the multi-purpose applications of recycled graphite beyond LIB anodes are explored to enhance its high-value properties.Finally,the prospects of SG recycling and large-scale application challenges are presented,including economic feasibility,process optimization,and regulatory restrictions.This review provides a comprehensive overview of developments in SG recycling strategies,offering valuable insights for narrowing the gap between fundamental research and practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51925808 and 52178516)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2020JJ5745 and 2023JJ20073),China.
文摘Large eddy simulations generally are used to predict 3D wind field characteristics in complex mountainous areas.Certain simulation boundary conditions,such as the height and length of the computational domain or the characteristics of inflow turbulence,can significantly impact the quality of predictions.In this study,we examined these boundary conditions within the context of the mountainous terrain around a long-span cable-stayed bridge using a wind tunnel experiment.Various sizes of computational domains and turbulent incoming wind velocities were used in large eddy simulations.The results show that when the height of the computational domain is five times greater than the height of the terrain model,there is minimal influence from the top wall on the wind field characteristics in this complex mountainous area.Expanding the length of the wake region of the computational domain has negligible effects on the wind fields.Turbulence in the inlet boundary reduces the length of the wake region on a leeward hill with a low slope,but has less impact on the mean wind velocity of steep hills.
基金co-supported by the National Key Project GJXM92579 of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11532007)。
文摘In order to understand the physical phenomenon of the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction,the Large Eddy Simulation(LES)is conducted to investigate shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in a 12°compression ramp with inlet high Mach number of 2.9.Rescaling/recycling method is used as inflow turbulence generation technique and validated on a supersonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer.The flow field of recycling plane in the plate computation domain is obtained to give the inlet boundary condition for the LES computation.This paper focuses on the reflected shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction region,where the fine flow structure and instantaneous flow field are analyzed in detail.It is found that the unsteady motion of the shock wave leads to the increase of wall pressure fluctuation.
文摘This research delves into the complicated issues associated with demolition,renovation,and construction of buildings to find viable,sustainable practices that will relieve some strain on nature.Identifying major components like governmental policies,cooperative work of stakeholders,assimilation of technology,and the possible transformative capacity brought by Building Information Modeling(BIM),this research attempts to unveil how a more ecologically mindful construction industry can be achieved.The methodology used in this research has a multi-dimensional approach that is aimed at thoroughly understanding and clearing the challenges within the construction industry.The strengths like government support,stakeholder involvement,technological innovations,and adoption of BIM assist in building a strong base for sustainability.The research identified opportunities for technological advancements,special solutions,and government incentives.Technological advancement is a constantly changing environment,which gives the building sector an opportunity to adapt and enhance its recycling strategies.Customized solutions highlight the fact that such"place-based"strategies are needed because different urban,suburban,and rural landscapes present distinct challenges.Most property owners would be convinced to swap their regular buildings with sustainable building techniques through incentives from the government,such as tax benefits and subsidies.Furthermore,regulatory compliance issues and resistance to change cement the fact that societies need not only solid guidelines but also constant efforts to redefine standards in every industry.Effective negotiation between stakeholders becomes essential.Therefore,it can be stated that the findings give weight as catalysts of change in terms of action within the construction industry.
