This paper investigates the properties of traveling wave-beam interaction in a rectangular helix traveling-wave-tube （TWT） for a solid sheet electron beam. The ＂hot＂ dispersion equation is obtained by means of the...This paper investigates the properties of traveling wave-beam interaction in a rectangular helix traveling-wave-tube （TWT） for a solid sheet electron beam. The ＂hot＂ dispersion equation is obtained by means of the self-consistent field theory. The small signal analysis,which includes the effects of the beam parameters and slow-wave structure （SWS） parameters,is carried out by theoretical computation. The numerical results show that the bandwidth and the small-signal gain of the rectangular helix TWT increase as the beam current increases;and the beam voltage not obviously influences the small signal gain. Among different rectangular helix structures,the small-signal gain increases as the width of the rectangular helix SWS increases,however,the bandwidth decreases whether structure parameters a and L or ψ and L are fixed or not.In addition,a comparison of the small-signal gain of this structure with a conventional round helix is made.The presented analysis will be useful for the design of the TWT with a rectangular helix circuit.展开更多
With the method of separation of variables and the eigenfunction expansion employed, an analytical solution is presented for the radiation and diffraction of a rectangular structure with an opening near a vertical wal...With the method of separation of variables and the eigenfunction expansion employed, an analytical solution is presented for the radiation and diffraction of a rectangular structure with an opening near a vertical wall in oblique seas, in which the unknown coefficients are determined by the boundary conditions and matching requirement on the interface. The effects of the width of the opening and the angle of incidence on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a rectangular structure with an opening near a vertical wall are mainly studied. The comparisons of the calculation results with wall-present and with wall-absent are also made. The results indicate that the variation trends of the heave added mass and excitation force with wall-present are almost the same as those with wall-absent, and that the peak values in the former case are obviously larger than those in the latter due to the reflection of the vertical wall.展开更多
Great attention has been paid to the development of very large floating structures. Owing to their extreme large size and great flexibility, the coupling between the structural deformation and fluid motion is signific...Great attention has been paid to the development of very large floating structures. Owing to their extreme large size and great flexibility, the coupling between the structural deformation and fluid motion is significant. This is a typical problem of hydroelasticity. Efficient and accurate estimation of the hydroelastic response of very large floating structures in waves is very important for design. In this paper, the plate Green function and fluid Green function are combined to analyze the hydroelastic response of very large floating structures. The plate Green function here is a new one proposed by the authors and it satisfies all boundary conditions for free-free rectangular plates on elastic foundations. The results are compared with some experimental data. It is shown that the method proposed in this paper is efficient and accurate. Finally, various factors affecting the hydroelastic response of very large floating structures are also studied.展开更多
Measurement of out-of-plane deformation is significant to understanding of the deflection mechanisms of the plate and tube structures.In this study,a new surface contouring technique with color structured light is app...Measurement of out-of-plane deformation is significant to understanding of the deflection mechanisms of the plate and tube structures.In this study,a new surface contouring technique with color structured light is applied to measure the out-of-plane deformation of structures with one-shot projection.Through color fringe recognizing,decoding and triangulation processing for the captured images corresponding to each deformation state,the feasibility of the method is testified by the measurement of elastic deflections of a flexible square plate,showing good agreement with those from the calibrated displacement driver.The plastic deformation of two alloy aluminum rectangular tubes is measured to show the technique application to surface topographic evaluation of the buckling structures with large displacements.展开更多
在相变材料(phase change material,PCM)中嵌入翅片是增强相变材料与传热流体(heat transfer fluid,HTF)间传热最有效的方法之一。本文针对无翅片及具有不同翅片分布位置的管壳式潜热储能装置中PCM的熔化过程进行数值研究,重点是根据PC...在相变材料(phase change material,PCM)中嵌入翅片是增强相变材料与传热流体(heat transfer fluid,HTF)间传热最有效的方法之一。本文针对无翅片及具有不同翅片分布位置的管壳式潜热储能装置中PCM的熔化过程进行数值研究,重点是根据PCM瞬态温度变化、液相分数以及熔化边界和温度云图来评估加入翅片以及翅片分布方式对相变材料熔化过程的影响。通过对6种翅片模型的模拟分析,确定了翅片下爪型分布为最佳分布位置。研究结果表明,PCM在熔化过程中受到自然对流的影响,表现出显著的不均匀性。与无翅片结构相比,翅片的均匀分布、Y型分布、倒Y型分布、交叉Y型分布和下爪型分布分别使PCM的完全熔化时间缩短了75.68%、75.14%、44.54%、78.14%和85.25%,证明翅片结构在优化熔化性能方面具有显著作用,为后续管壳式潜热储能装置的设计优化提供了参考依据。展开更多
Implicit large-eddy simulation of an over-expanded screeching rectangular jet is performed with a seventh-order finite difference scheme.Good agreement is found between the predicted flow-and acoustic fields with the ...Implicit large-eddy simulation of an over-expanded screeching rectangular jet is performed with a seventh-order finite difference scheme.Good agreement is found between the predicted flow-and acoustic fields with the experimental observations.Fourier decomposition,phase-averaging analysis and Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(SPOD)are used to investigate the origin of the screech,the shock leakage during the shear-layer flapping,and the distinguishing fluctuating characteristics in the minor-and major-axis plane of the rectangular jet.It finds that the screech is radiated from the end of the forth shock cell,where the interaction of the shock waves with the shear layer causes periodic leakages of shock-wave tips in the minor-axis plane,resulting in the generation of intense acoustic waves in the surrounding air.An obvious flapping mode at the same frequency of the screech is captured in the minor-axis plane and dominates the dynamic motions of the rectangular jet.The SPOD modes of pressure and velocity fluctuations at the screech frequency help to reveal the relationship between the screech generation and the coherent structures.展开更多
The natural frequencies, complex modes and critical speeds of an axially moving rectangular plate, which is partially immersed in a fluid and subjected to a pretension, are investigated. The effects of free surface wa...The natural frequencies, complex modes and critical speeds of an axially moving rectangular plate, which is partially immersed in a fluid and subjected to a pretension, are investigated. The effects of free surface waves, compressibility and viscidity of the fluid are neglected in the analysis. The subsection functions are used to describe the discontinuous characteristics of the system due to partial immersion. The classical thin plate theory is adopted to formulate the equations of motion of a vibrating plate. The velocity potential and Bernoulli＇s equation are used to describe the fluid pressure acting on the moving plate. The effect of fluid on the vibrations of the plate may be equivalent to the added mass on the plate. The effects of distance ratio, moving speed, immersed-depth ratio, boundary conditions, stiffness ratio and aspect ratio of the plate as well as the fluid-plate density ratios on the free vibrations of the moving plate-fluid system are investigated.展开更多
Full-range analysis for the buckling and post buck ling at rectangular plates under in-plane compression has been made by perturbation technique which takes deflection as its perturbation parameter.In this paper the e...Full-range analysis for the buckling and post buck ling at rectangular plates under in-plane compression has been made by perturbation technique which takes deflection as its perturbation parameter.In this paper the effects of initial geometric imperfection on the postbuc kling behavior of plates have been discussed. It is seen that the effect of initial imperfection on the inelastic postbuckling oj plates is sensitive. By comparison, it is found that the theoretical results of this paper are in good agreement with experiments.展开更多
Differential equation of restrained torsion for rectangular-section box bar with honeycomb core was established and solved by using the method of undetermined function.Non-dimension normal stress, shear stress acting...Differential equation of restrained torsion for rectangular-section box bar with honeycomb core was established and solved by using the method of undetermined function.Non-dimension normal stress, shear stress acting in the faceplate and shear stress acting in the honeycomb-core and warping displacement were deduced. Numerical analysis shows the normal stress attenuates quickly along x-axis. Normal stress acting on the cross section at a distance of 20 h from the fixed end is only one per cent of that acting on the fixed end.展开更多
Direct numerical simulation of a jet issuing from a nozzle having a rectangular cross-section is conducted. The vortex in cell (VIC) method, of which computational accuracy was heightened by the authors in a prior stu...Direct numerical simulation of a jet issuing from a nozzle having a rectangular cross-section is conducted. The vortex in cell (VIC) method, of which computational accuracy was heightened by the authors in a prior study, is used for the DNS. The aspect ratio of the nozzle cross-section is 15, and the Reynolds number based on the shorter side length of the nozzle exit is 6700. The turbulence statics, such as the mean velocity and the turbulence intensity, are favorably compared with the experimentally measured results. The behavior of the large-scale eddies as well as the development of the turbulent flow is also confirmed to agree with the measurement. These indicate that the authors’ VIC method is successfully employed for the DNS of rectangular jet.展开更多
A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation c...A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation curves from the test results,the rationality and reliability of the finite element model has been confirmed,moreover,the change of the section stiffness and stress in the forcing process and the ultimate bearing capacity of the column were analyzed.Based on the model,the comparison of ultimate bearing capacity and ductility between CFLRST column and reinforced concrete(RC)column were also analyzed.The results of the finite element analysis show that the loading process of CFLRST column consists of elastic stage,yield stage and failure stage.The failure modes are mainly strength failure and failure of elastoplastic instability.CFLRST column has higher bearing capacities in comparison with reinforced concrete columns with the same steel ratio.In addition,the stiffness degeneration of CFLRST column is slower than RC column and CFLRST column has good ductility.展开更多
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60532010)the Talent Fund of Chinese Education Administration
文摘This paper investigates the properties of traveling wave-beam interaction in a rectangular helix traveling-wave-tube （TWT） for a solid sheet electron beam. The ＂hot＂ dispersion equation is obtained by means of the self-consistent field theory. The small signal analysis,which includes the effects of the beam parameters and slow-wave structure （SWS） parameters,is carried out by theoretical computation. The numerical results show that the bandwidth and the small-signal gain of the rectangular helix TWT increase as the beam current increases;and the beam voltage not obviously influences the small signal gain. Among different rectangular helix structures,the small-signal gain increases as the width of the rectangular helix SWS increases,however,the bandwidth decreases whether structure parameters a and L or ψ and L are fixed or not.In addition,a comparison of the small-signal gain of this structure with a conventional round helix is made.The presented analysis will be useful for the design of the TWT with a rectangular helix circuit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51079082 and 51679132)the Nature Science Foundation of Shanghai City(Grant No.14ZR1419600)the Research Innovation Projects of 2013 Shanghai Postgraduate(Grant No.20131129)
文摘With the method of separation of variables and the eigenfunction expansion employed, an analytical solution is presented for the radiation and diffraction of a rectangular structure with an opening near a vertical wall in oblique seas, in which the unknown coefficients are determined by the boundary conditions and matching requirement on the interface. The effects of the width of the opening and the angle of incidence on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a rectangular structure with an opening near a vertical wall are mainly studied. The comparisons of the calculation results with wall-present and with wall-absent are also made. The results indicate that the variation trends of the heave added mass and excitation force with wall-present are almost the same as those with wall-absent, and that the peak values in the former case are obviously larger than those in the latter due to the reflection of the vertical wall.
文摘Great attention has been paid to the development of very large floating structures. Owing to their extreme large size and great flexibility, the coupling between the structural deformation and fluid motion is significant. This is a typical problem of hydroelasticity. Efficient and accurate estimation of the hydroelastic response of very large floating structures in waves is very important for design. In this paper, the plate Green function and fluid Green function are combined to analyze the hydroelastic response of very large floating structures. The plate Green function here is a new one proposed by the authors and it satisfies all boundary conditions for free-free rectangular plates on elastic foundations. The results are compared with some experimental data. It is shown that the method proposed in this paper is efficient and accurate. Finally, various factors affecting the hydroelastic response of very large floating structures are also studied.
文摘Measurement of out-of-plane deformation is significant to understanding of the deflection mechanisms of the plate and tube structures.In this study,a new surface contouring technique with color structured light is applied to measure the out-of-plane deformation of structures with one-shot projection.Through color fringe recognizing,decoding and triangulation processing for the captured images corresponding to each deformation state,the feasibility of the method is testified by the measurement of elastic deflections of a flexible square plate,showing good agreement with those from the calibrated displacement driver.The plastic deformation of two alloy aluminum rectangular tubes is measured to show the technique application to surface topographic evaluation of the buckling structures with large displacements.
文摘在相变材料(phase change material,PCM)中嵌入翅片是增强相变材料与传热流体(heat transfer fluid,HTF)间传热最有效的方法之一。本文针对无翅片及具有不同翅片分布位置的管壳式潜热储能装置中PCM的熔化过程进行数值研究,重点是根据PCM瞬态温度变化、液相分数以及熔化边界和温度云图来评估加入翅片以及翅片分布方式对相变材料熔化过程的影响。通过对6种翅片模型的模拟分析,确定了翅片下爪型分布为最佳分布位置。研究结果表明,PCM在熔化过程中受到自然对流的影响,表现出显著的不均匀性。与无翅片结构相比,翅片的均匀分布、Y型分布、倒Y型分布、交叉Y型分布和下爪型分布分别使PCM的完全熔化时间缩短了75.68%、75.14%、44.54%、78.14%和85.25%,证明翅片结构在优化熔化性能方面具有显著作用,为后续管壳式潜热储能装置的设计优化提供了参考依据。
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372221)is acknowledged。
文摘Implicit large-eddy simulation of an over-expanded screeching rectangular jet is performed with a seventh-order finite difference scheme.Good agreement is found between the predicted flow-and acoustic fields with the experimental observations.Fourier decomposition,phase-averaging analysis and Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(SPOD)are used to investigate the origin of the screech,the shock leakage during the shear-layer flapping,and the distinguishing fluctuating characteristics in the minor-and major-axis plane of the rectangular jet.It finds that the screech is radiated from the end of the forth shock cell,where the interaction of the shock waves with the shear layer causes periodic leakages of shock-wave tips in the minor-axis plane,resulting in the generation of intense acoustic waves in the surrounding air.An obvious flapping mode at the same frequency of the screech is captured in the minor-axis plane and dominates the dynamic motions of the rectangular jet.The SPOD modes of pressure and velocity fluctuations at the screech frequency help to reveal the relationship between the screech generation and the coherent structures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11302046 and 11172063)
文摘The natural frequencies, complex modes and critical speeds of an axially moving rectangular plate, which is partially immersed in a fluid and subjected to a pretension, are investigated. The effects of free surface waves, compressibility and viscidity of the fluid are neglected in the analysis. The subsection functions are used to describe the discontinuous characteristics of the system due to partial immersion. The classical thin plate theory is adopted to formulate the equations of motion of a vibrating plate. The velocity potential and Bernoulli＇s equation are used to describe the fluid pressure acting on the moving plate. The effect of fluid on the vibrations of the plate may be equivalent to the added mass on the plate. The effects of distance ratio, moving speed, immersed-depth ratio, boundary conditions, stiffness ratio and aspect ratio of the plate as well as the fluid-plate density ratios on the free vibrations of the moving plate-fluid system are investigated.
文摘Full-range analysis for the buckling and post buck ling at rectangular plates under in-plane compression has been made by perturbation technique which takes deflection as its perturbation parameter.In this paper the effects of initial geometric imperfection on the postbuc kling behavior of plates have been discussed. It is seen that the effect of initial imperfection on the inelastic postbuckling oj plates is sensitive. By comparison, it is found that the theoretical results of this paper are in good agreement with experiments.
文摘Differential equation of restrained torsion for rectangular-section box bar with honeycomb core was established and solved by using the method of undetermined function.Non-dimension normal stress, shear stress acting in the faceplate and shear stress acting in the honeycomb-core and warping displacement were deduced. Numerical analysis shows the normal stress attenuates quickly along x-axis. Normal stress acting on the cross section at a distance of 20 h from the fixed end is only one per cent of that acting on the fixed end.
文摘Direct numerical simulation of a jet issuing from a nozzle having a rectangular cross-section is conducted. The vortex in cell (VIC) method, of which computational accuracy was heightened by the authors in a prior study, is used for the DNS. The aspect ratio of the nozzle cross-section is 15, and the Reynolds number based on the shorter side length of the nozzle exit is 6700. The turbulence statics, such as the mean velocity and the turbulence intensity, are favorably compared with the experimentally measured results. The behavior of the large-scale eddies as well as the development of the turbulent flow is also confirmed to agree with the measurement. These indicate that the authors’ VIC method is successfully employed for the DNS of rectangular jet.
基金This work was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP11819),National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant 51378240,2015 Jiangsu provincial building energy saving and construction industry science and technology project,2016 Jiangsu provincial construction industry modernization base project.
文摘A kind of concrete-filled lattice rectangular steel tube(CFLRST)column was put forward.The numerical simulation was modeled to analyze the mechanical characteristic of CFLRST column.By comparing the load-deformation curves from the test results,the rationality and reliability of the finite element model has been confirmed,moreover,the change of the section stiffness and stress in the forcing process and the ultimate bearing capacity of the column were analyzed.Based on the model,the comparison of ultimate bearing capacity and ductility between CFLRST column and reinforced concrete(RC)column were also analyzed.The results of the finite element analysis show that the loading process of CFLRST column consists of elastic stage,yield stage and failure stage.The failure modes are mainly strength failure and failure of elastoplastic instability.CFLRST column has higher bearing capacities in comparison with reinforced concrete columns with the same steel ratio.In addition,the stiffness degeneration of CFLRST column is slower than RC column and CFLRST column has good ductility.
