Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in the rain and street runoff samples from two sites in the vicinity of Amman City during the pluvial period 1999—2000. The results showed that...Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in the rain and street runoff samples from two sites in the vicinity of Amman City during the pluvial period 1999—2000. The results showed that elevated levels of PAHs were detected in the city center(site 1) than the residential area(site 2) and that the levels were higher in street runoff than rain samples of the same sites. The highest concentration of PAHs in both street runoff and rain samples were observed in the first rainy month(November 1999) which indicated a wash out effect of PAHs originating from vehicular emission accumulated during the long dry summer season before sampling. Within the investigated cold winter seasons, fluctuations in PAHs concentration were observed. The variation was attributed to the fossil combustion for heating purposes and to intervals between rainfalls: as the longer the intervals between rains were, the higher the PAH concentration were. Removal of PAHs from the atmosphere through precipitation over the investigated period varied with time and places depending on the amount of rainfall where higher rainfall removed higher amount of PAHs from the atmosphere. The amount of PAHs washed out through precipitation was estimated to be around 14.8 mg/m 2 and 21.1 mg/m 2 for sites 1 and 2 respectively.展开更多
The conceptual rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL is used to simulate runoffs of the Meishan and Nianyushan catchments during the summers of 1998 and 1999 in the GAME/HUBEX (GEWEX Asia Monsoon Experiment /HUAIHE River Bas...The conceptual rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL is used to simulate runoffs of the Meishan and Nianyushan catchments during the summers of 1998 and 1999 in the GAME/HUBEX (GEWEX Asia Monsoon Experiment /HUAIHE River Basin Experiment) project. The rainfall distributions are estimated by weather radar and rain gauge networks according to different methods. Observed and simulated runoffs are compared and analyzed for both catchments. Results show that (1) the runoff of the catchment is best simulated by radar data combined with rain gauge network data from inside the catchment, and (2) the rainfall estimated by radar adjusted by a few rain gauges outside the catchment can be used to simulate runoff equally as well as using the dense rain gauge network alone.展开更多
The dynamical-wave routing model of the urban unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow was established by conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and it was solved by applying the four point implicit difference met...The dynamical-wave routing model of the urban unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow was established by conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and it was solved by applying the four point implicit difference method and the pursuit method. It was obtained from the experiment checking and comparative analysis that the dynamical-wave muting model can reflect influence like attenuate and backwater when flood peak propagate in pipeline with high calculation precision and vast application scope, and it can be applied in routing of urban rain pipe flow of different slopes and inflow conditions. The routing model supplies a scientific foundation for the town rainfall piping design or checking, disaster administration of storm runoff, and so on.展开更多
文摘Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in the rain and street runoff samples from two sites in the vicinity of Amman City during the pluvial period 1999—2000. The results showed that elevated levels of PAHs were detected in the city center(site 1) than the residential area(site 2) and that the levels were higher in street runoff than rain samples of the same sites. The highest concentration of PAHs in both street runoff and rain samples were observed in the first rainy month(November 1999) which indicated a wash out effect of PAHs originating from vehicular emission accumulated during the long dry summer season before sampling. Within the investigated cold winter seasons, fluctuations in PAHs concentration were observed. The variation was attributed to the fossil combustion for heating purposes and to intervals between rainfalls: as the longer the intervals between rains were, the higher the PAH concentration were. Removal of PAHs from the atmosphere through precipitation over the investigated period varied with time and places depending on the amount of rainfall where higher rainfall removed higher amount of PAHs from the atmosphere. The amount of PAHs washed out through precipitation was estimated to be around 14.8 mg/m 2 and 21.1 mg/m 2 for sites 1 and 2 respectively.
基金This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 49635200 and 49794030.
文摘The conceptual rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL is used to simulate runoffs of the Meishan and Nianyushan catchments during the summers of 1998 and 1999 in the GAME/HUBEX (GEWEX Asia Monsoon Experiment /HUAIHE River Basin Experiment) project. The rainfall distributions are estimated by weather radar and rain gauge networks according to different methods. Observed and simulated runoffs are compared and analyzed for both catchments. Results show that (1) the runoff of the catchment is best simulated by radar data combined with rain gauge network data from inside the catchment, and (2) the rainfall estimated by radar adjusted by a few rain gauges outside the catchment can be used to simulate runoff equally as well as using the dense rain gauge network alone.
基金Hunan Provincial Education Department of Key Projects(No.08A019)Funded Projects in Hunan Science and Technology Department(No.2008SK4029)
文摘The dynamical-wave routing model of the urban unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow was established by conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and it was solved by applying the four point implicit difference method and the pursuit method. It was obtained from the experiment checking and comparative analysis that the dynamical-wave muting model can reflect influence like attenuate and backwater when flood peak propagate in pipeline with high calculation precision and vast application scope, and it can be applied in routing of urban rain pipe flow of different slopes and inflow conditions. The routing model supplies a scientific foundation for the town rainfall piping design or checking, disaster administration of storm runoff, and so on.
