How to measure the quality of conceptual models is an important issue in the IS field and related research. This paper conducts a review of research in measuring conceptual model quality and identifies the major theor...How to measure the quality of conceptual models is an important issue in the IS field and related research. This paper conducts a review of research in measuring conceptual model quality and identifies the major theoretical and practical issues that need to be addressed in future studies. We review current classification frameworks for conceptual model quality and practice of measuring conceptual model quality. Based on the review, challenges for studies of measuring the quality of conceptual models are proposed and these challenges are also research points which should be strengthened in future studies.展开更多
Measuring software quality requires software engineers to understand the system’s quality attributes and their measurements.The quality attribute is a qualitative property;however,the quantitative feature is needed f...Measuring software quality requires software engineers to understand the system’s quality attributes and their measurements.The quality attribute is a qualitative property;however,the quantitative feature is needed for software measurement,which is not considered during the development of most software systems.Many research studies have investigated different approaches for measuring software quality,but with no practical approaches to quantify and measure quality attributes.This paper proposes a software quality measurement model,based on a software interconnection model,to measure the quality of software components and the overall quality of the software system.Unlike most of the existing approaches,the proposed approach can be applied at the early stages of software development,to different architectural design models,and at different levels of system decomposition.This article introduces a software measurement model that uses a heuristic normalization of the software’s internal quality attributes,i.e.,coupling and cohesion,for software quality measurement.In this model,the quality of a software component is measured based on its internal strength and the coupling it exhibits with other component(s).The proposed model has been experimented with nine software engineering teams that have agreed to participate in the experiment during the development of their different software systems.The experiments have shown that coupling reduces the internal strength of the coupled components by the amount of coupling they exhibit,which degrades their quality and the overall quality of the software system.The introduced model can help in understanding the quality of software design.In addition,it identifies the locations in software design that exhibit unnecessary couplings that degrade the quality of the software systems,which can be eliminated.展开更多
Processing method is one of the maln factors affecting the quality of hon-eysuckIe herbs, which is directIy reIated to economic benefits of farmers. This paper compares various processing methods of honeysuckIe to pro...Processing method is one of the maln factors affecting the quality of hon-eysuckIe herbs, which is directIy reIated to economic benefits of farmers. This paper compares various processing methods of honeysuckIe to provide some references for deveIoping a suitabIe processing procedure that can be used in Iarge-scale pro-duction and improve herb quality.展开更多
Four rapid spectral comparison methods are introduced in mobile labs.They are conformity test method,general correlation coefficient method,reverse correlation coefficient method and correlation coefficient method usi...Four rapid spectral comparison methods are introduced in mobile labs.They are conformity test method,general correlation coefficient method,reverse correlation coefficient method and correlation coefficient method using characteristic spectral ranges.The first method is used for tracking the movements of drugs in the distribution channels;the second is used for quickly identify new counterfeit drugs;the last two are used to screen drugs illegally added in Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）.The applicability of the four methods is evaluated with counterfeit and authentic drugs.Our results show that these methods can be quickly constructed and used to identify counterfeit drugs accurately.展开更多
The research explored effects of cultivation methods on growth, yield and quality of cassava. The results showed that the mulching treatment by direct seed- ing, the mulching treatment by transplanting, and the expose...The research explored effects of cultivation methods on growth, yield and quality of cassava. The results showed that the mulching treatment by direct seed- ing, the mulching treatment by transplanting, and the exposed treatment by trans- planting performed excellently in bringing seedling stage forward, improving germina- tion rate, yield and quality. For example, seedling emergence stages were 36, 31 and 31 d earlier; germination rates improved by 19.24%, 14.29% and 14.29%; yields grew by 41.98%, 26.72% and 11.45%; starch contents increased by 3.50%, 2.10% and 1.40%, respectively. Therefore, cassava in the mulching treatment by direct seeding is characterized by earlier seedling emergence stage, high germination rate, high yield and quality.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of ...[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [method] The tobaccos were divided into two groups treated with two methods and the related indices of treated tobaccos were then measured to evaluate effects of curing methods on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [Result] Tobaccos treated with two methods were all dominated by reddish yellow and yellow; exterior quality differed little. In detail, total sugar and reducing sugar in an average level in three locations were all higher with method A than those with method B, but nicotine and total N were lower; comprehensive chemical components in group with method B proved more appropriate with higher K. In addition, sensory qualities of leaves in moderate and bottom locations were better with method B compared with method A; sensory quality of top leaves was better; comprehensive sensory quality of leaves treated with method B proved better. On the other hand, cost for method A was 2.82 times of method B; the area of sun-curing field was 3.27 times and manage- ment work was 1.77 times, which indicated that method B is low-cost and time-saving, which would be a guarantee of tobacco quality. [Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for rational use of tobacco resources and optimization of sun-curing technology.展开更多
Soil quality is one of the most important environmental factors in sustaining the global biosphere and developing sustainable agricultural practices. A study was initiated in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, C...Soil quality is one of the most important environmental factors in sustaining the global biosphere and developing sustainable agricultural practices. A study was initiated in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China to elucidate the soil quality changes of natural secondary succession, forest planting and agricultural practices after deforestation in the humid mountainous region. The soil qualities of six land use types (natural forestland, grassland, shrub land, secondary forestland, cultivated land and reforested land) were compared using two quantitative methods: the integrated soil quality index(QI) and soil deterioration index(DI). The QI values of natural forestland, grassland, shrub land, secondary forestland, cultivated land, reforested land were 0.8039, 0.3277, 0.9127, 0.6881, 0.0285 and 0.3183, respectively. The DI values were 0%, -14%, 12%, 1%, -26% and -18% respectively. Both indexes suggested that shrub land can restore soil properties. To compare the two methods more directly, a deduced index QI′ based on QI value was developed. The results showed that DI and QI′had a very high linear correlation coefficient (r=0.9775) despite the values were different. Both methods were efficient in evaluating the soil quality levels and DI was a more simple way in soil quality assessment, while QI could show more ecological meanings.展开更多
Mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings(MC) and mechanical direct seeding(MD) are newly developed planting methods, which increase in popularity and planted area each year. Knowing the difference for yield and ...Mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings(MC) and mechanical direct seeding(MD) are newly developed planting methods, which increase in popularity and planted area each year. Knowing the difference for yield and rice quality under different planting methods is of great importance for the development of high quality and yield cultivation techniques under mechanical conditions. Therefore, three kinds of japonica rice including hybrid japonica rice, inbreed japonica rice, and soft rice were adopted as materials. And the differences in the quality of processing, appearance, cooking and eating quality, nutrition, and the rapid viscosity analyzer(RVA) profile were studied to reveal the effects of planting methods on yield and quality of different types of japonica rice. Results showed that the milled rice and head rice rates under MC was significantly higher than those under MD, and the processing quality of inbreed japonica rice was the most stable. Compared with MC, length/width ratio of rice under MD was significantly increased, and chalkiness rate, size, and degree were significantly decreased. The protein content under MD was lower than that under MC. MC showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown value than MD. The taste value was the greatest for soft rice, followed by inbreed japonica rice, and then by japonica hybrid rice, with no significant differences resulting from planting methods. Compared with MC, MD significantly improved the appearance quality, though processing quality and nutritional quality were decreased. And there was no significant difference in cooking and eating quality between MC and MD. Under different planting methods, the appearance quality of inbreed japonica rice changed the most and the processing quality was the most stable. The nutritional, cooking and eating quality of soft rice changed the least. Therefore, according to the different planting methods and market needs, selecting the appropriate rice varieties can reduce the risks in rice production and achieve good rice quality.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the effects of different application methods and application rates of biological nano-selenium on the quality of passion fruit.[Methods]In this experiment,passion fruit Tainong 1 was sprayed with ...[Objectives]To study the effects of different application methods and application rates of biological nano-selenium on the quality of passion fruit.[Methods]In this experiment,passion fruit Tainong 1 was sprayed with biological nano-selenium.The concentration of spraying refers to the recommended application rate of biological nano-selenium manufacturers.Three treatments with different concentrations were carried out:3,4.5 and 6 L/ha biological nano-selenium was sprayed on 100%root,(50%root+50%leaf surface)and 100%leaf surface of passion fruit,respectively.[Results]From the aspects of economic cost and rational utilization of resources,spraying 3 L/ha selenium fertilizer on the leaves of passion fruit played the best role in improving the quality of passion fruit.[Conclusions]To study the selenium-rich production technology of agricultural products and improve the quality of agricultural products is of great significance for improving human health and producing high-quality agricultural products.展开更多
This study focused on analysis of the chemical characteristics of mine waters. The aim of this study is to correlate the degree of different ionic components in mine water and the influence of their convergence using ...This study focused on analysis of the chemical characteristics of mine waters. The aim of this study is to correlate the degree of different ionic components in mine water and the influence of their convergence using a combination of the three-scale AHP and fuzzy evaluation methods for the comprehensive evaluation of water quality. Ion chromatography (ICS 1100) has been used to analyze the content of the water sample while portable pH/EC/TDS/Tem- perature meters (SX 811 and SX 813) were used to test physical-chemical parameters. The results of this study show that chemistry of in No.11 gushing mine is dominated by HCO3-Na and HCO3-Ca, and had a pH between 7.1 and 8.00, belonging to neutral or slightly alkaline water. In addition, water were found to have the hardness between 18 mg/L and 542.5 mg/L. Results also show that the TDS of the roof sandstone and goaves water are higher than Cambrian limestone water, while the turbidity of the mixed water is 20 NTU in the sump, again higher than in other samples such as Cambrian limestone water. Total dissolved solids and the total hardness of Cambrian limestone groundwater mainly depend on the content of K+ + Na+, Ca2+, B={b1,b2,…,bj} and SO2-4. Thus, chemical composition changes remarkably after mine water mixing. Results showed that the coal roof sandstone water is class V while that in the sump is class III, and the Cambrian limestone groundwater is class I. In gushing, the quality of water can vary greatly;thus, water from the coal face roof sandstone and the Cambrian limestone should be stored and treated separately before being utilized.展开更多
Coastal areas face challenges in updating and enhancing the quality of coastal shelterbelt forests due to limited soil resource utilization,the biological characteristics of tree species,and the impact of coastal stor...Coastal areas face challenges in updating and enhancing the quality of coastal shelterbelt forests due to limited soil resource utilization,the biological characteristics of tree species,and the impact of coastal storm surges.This study,based on clarifying the connotation of stand quality(SQ)for Casuarina equisetifolia(C.equisetifolia),a typical coastal shelterbelt species,integrates stand growth conditions and structure,applying the AHP-EWM method to construct an SQ evaluation model.The model identifies key factors influencing the quality of C.equisetifolia stands and explores the mechanisms driving their growth processes.The results indicate that mean tree height,mean diameter at breast height,and stand density are key indicators for assessing the SQ of C.equisetifolia stands.The SQ of C.equisetifolia coastal shelterbelt stands varies across different land-sea positions,mainly influenced by stand age and soil nutrient levels.As stand age increases,the SQ initially improves and then declines.Additionally,C.equisetifolia trees growing in nutrient-rich soils exhibit better growth and higher SQ than those in poor soils.The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the management and quality enhancement of coastal shelterbelt forests.展开更多
High-quality rice flour is the foundation for the production of various rice-based products.Milling is an essential step in obtaining rice flour,during which significant changes occur in the physicochemical and qualit...High-quality rice flour is the foundation for the production of various rice-based products.Milling is an essential step in obtaining rice flour,during which significant changes occur in the physicochemical and quality characteristics of the flour.Although rice flour obtained through mainstream wet milling methods exhibits superior quality,low production efficiency and wastewater discharge limit the development of the industry.Dry milling,on the other hand,conserves water resources,but adversely affects flour performance due to excessive heat generation.As an emerging powder-making technique,semi-dry milling offers a promising solution by enhancing flour quality and reducing environmental impact.This is achieved by minimizing soaking time through hot air treatment while reducing mechanical energy consumption to reach saturated water absorption levels.However,continuous production remains a challenge.This comprehensive review summarizes the effects of various milling technologies on rice flour properties and product qualities.It also discusses key control indicators and technical considerations for rice flour processing equipment and processes.展开更多
This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land sur...This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land surface dewfall, and describes several basic dewfall measurement methods. Moreover, the basic principles of these methods and instruments are interpreted, and their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are analyzed. Recommendations for the further improvement of these observational instruments and the development of dewfall measuring methods are presented, and new technologies and scientific proposals for exploiting dewfall are elucidated.展开更多
In the framework of fighting against the poor quality medicines sold in developing countries using classical analytical methods easily accessible in those countries, four UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods for one ...In the framework of fighting against the poor quality medicines sold in developing countries using classical analytical methods easily accessible in those countries, four UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods for one antimalarial (quinine) and two antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) have been developed and validated according to the total error strategy using the accuracy profiles as a decision tool. The dosing range was 2 - 10 μg/mL (for quinine sulfate in tablet), 4 - 12 μg/mL (for quinine bichlorhydrate in oral drop-metronidazole benzaote in oral suspension) and 15 - 35 μg/mL (for amoxicillin trihydrate in capsule). The validated methods were then applied in determining the content of some analogous medicines sold in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Thus, the proposed UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods are simple and suitable to quantify quinine, amoxicillin and metronidazole in different pharmaceutical forms.展开更多
Flavored vegetable oils have attracted more and more attentions from consumers and researchers due to their high oxidative stability and sensory quality.In the present study,the quality indices,chemical composition an...Flavored vegetable oils have attracted more and more attentions from consumers and researchers due to their high oxidative stability and sensory quality.In the present study,the quality indices,chemical composition and frying performance of galangal flavored sunflower oil prepared by infusion method(GFSO-I),combination pressing method(GFSO-C)and direct addition method(GFSO-A)were investigated.The results displayed that the preparation time,the levels for the acid value(AV),peroxide value(PV),p-anisidine value(AnV),total oxidation value(TOTOX),and the values for total polar compounds(TPC),thiobarbituric acid(TBA),K232 and K268 of GFSO-C were prominently low(P<0.05),compared with that of GFSO-I and GFSO-A,while the fatty acid composition of them were similar.In the frying of Chinese Maye(tradional Chinese food,fried dough stick)at 180°C for 30 h,the values for TPC,TBA,K232 and K268,polymer,viscosity and b*of GFSO-C were obviously low(P<0.05),while the value for L*was obviously high(P<0.05),compared with that of GFSO-I and GFSO-A.In the sensory evaluation,the flavor,taste,crispness and overall acceptance of Chinese Maye fried by GFSO-C were better than that of Chinese Maye fried by GFSO-I and GFSO-A.Consequently,GFSO-C is more suitable for cooking,and the combination pressing method is optimal for industrial production of GFSO.展开更多
[Objectives] To study the effects of different drying methods on quality of Chinese wolfberry powder. [Methods] The physical properties and nutritional contents of Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by hot air drying,v...[Objectives] To study the effects of different drying methods on quality of Chinese wolfberry powder. [Methods] The physical properties and nutritional contents of Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by hot air drying,vacuum freeze drying,microwave vacuum drying,drum drying and spray drying were measured and analyzed to explore the effects of different drying methods on quality characteristics of Chinese wolfberry powder. [Results] The total sugar content and reducing sugar contents of product: vacuum freeze drying > spray drying > microwave vacuum drying > drum drying > hot air drying; carotene and total flavonoid contents: vacuum freeze drying > microwave vacuum drying > spray drying > drum drying > hot air drying; after drying process,the dietary fiber content of product obtained by drum drying and spray drying was relatively higher,while the Vc content of Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by vacuum freeze drying was the highest. a~*value( redness to greenness) of color: vacuum freeze drying > microwave vacuum drying > spray drying > drum drying > hot air drying; the Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by vacuum freeze drying had the best solubility,hygroscopicity and rehydration ratio. [Conclusions] Microwave vacuum drying was the best method to prepare Chinese wolfberry powder,in order to keep its quality and consider the cost of production.展开更多
The fingerprint image quality has a significant effect on the performance of automatic fingerprint identification system. A method for measure of fingerprint image quality based on Fourier spectrum is proposed. First ...The fingerprint image quality has a significant effect on the performance of automatic fingerprint identification system. A method for measure of fingerprint image quality based on Fourier spectrum is proposed. First the band frequency which corresponds to the global average period of ridge is searched. Then the quality score of the fingerprint image is computed by measuring relative magnitude of the band frequency components. The method is verified to have good performance by experiments.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the effects of different storage methods and storage time on the quality of Codonopsis pilosula.[Methods]Experiment was performed by setting three different storage methods and times.[Results]When...[Objectives]To study the effects of different storage methods and storage time on the quality of Codonopsis pilosula.[Methods]Experiment was performed by setting three different storage methods and times.[Results]When stored for 12 months,the extract content in the natural storage,conventional sealing,and controlled atmosphere storage was slightly lower than 77.32%before storage,and decreased by 2.82%,3.62%,and 1.71%,respectively.When stored for 18 months,the extract content was 74.14%,73.21%,and 72.08%,decreased by 4.11%,5.31%,and 6.78%,respectively compared with that before storage,all of which met the specified content in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.[Conclusions]The three storage times had significant effects on moisture and extract content of C.pilosula,but had no significant effects on atractylenolide III.With the extension of storage time,the moisture,extract,and content declined,so the storage time theoretically should not exceed 12 months.展开更多
Bupleurum has been used as traditional medicine in China,Japan,South Korea,and other Asian countries for more than 2,000 years.The crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Bupleurum have a variety of biological...Bupleurum has been used as traditional medicine in China,Japan,South Korea,and other Asian countries for more than 2,000 years.The crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Bupleurum have a variety of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antipyretic,antibacterial,anti-viral,liver protection,neuroprotection,and immune regxilation.The pharmacological effects of Bupleurum have been classified and summarized in this paper by consulting literatures at home and abroad.At the same time,the quality analysis methods of bupleurum,including high-performance liquid chromatography,thin layer chromatography,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF-MS,and so on,are discussed.This paper provides a reference for further research,development,and application of Bupleurum.展开更多
As an important material for manufacturing resonant components of musical instruments,Paulownia has an important influence on the sound quality of Ruan.In this paper,a model for evaluating the sound quality of Ruan ba...As an important material for manufacturing resonant components of musical instruments,Paulownia has an important influence on the sound quality of Ruan.In this paper,a model for evaluating the sound quality of Ruan based on the vibration characteristics of wood is developed using machine learning methods.Generally,the selection of materials for Ruan manufacturing relies primarily on manually weighing,observing,striking,and listening by the instrument technician.Deficiencies in scientific theory have hindered the quality of the finished Ruan.In this study,nine Ruans were manufactured,and a prediction model of Ruan sound quality was proposed based on the raw material information of Ruans.Out of a total of 180 data sets,145 and 45 sets were chosen for training and validation,respec-tively.In this paper,typical correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between two single indicators in two adjacent pairwise combinations of the measured objects in each stage of the production process in Ruan.The vibra-tion characteristics of the wood were tested,and a model for predicting the evaluation of Ruan’s acoustic qualities was developed by measuring the vibration characteristics of the resonating plate material.The acoustic quality of the Ruan sound board wood was evaluated and predicted using machine learning model generalized regression neural net-work.The results show that the prediction of Ruan sound quality can be achieved using Matlab simulation based on the vibration characteristics of the soundboard wood.When the model-predicted values were compared with the tradi-tional predicted results,it was found that the generalized regression neural network had good performance,achieving an accuracy of 93.8%which was highly consistent with the experimental results.It was concluded that the model can accurately predict the acoustic quality of the Ruan based on the vibration performance of the soundboards.展开更多
基金supported by the Programs Foundation of Military Theoretical Research under Grant No. 2011C025
文摘How to measure the quality of conceptual models is an important issue in the IS field and related research. This paper conducts a review of research in measuring conceptual model quality and identifies the major theoretical and practical issues that need to be addressed in future studies. We review current classification frameworks for conceptual model quality and practice of measuring conceptual model quality. Based on the review, challenges for studies of measuring the quality of conceptual models are proposed and these challenges are also research points which should be strengthened in future studies.
文摘Measuring software quality requires software engineers to understand the system’s quality attributes and their measurements.The quality attribute is a qualitative property;however,the quantitative feature is needed for software measurement,which is not considered during the development of most software systems.Many research studies have investigated different approaches for measuring software quality,but with no practical approaches to quantify and measure quality attributes.This paper proposes a software quality measurement model,based on a software interconnection model,to measure the quality of software components and the overall quality of the software system.Unlike most of the existing approaches,the proposed approach can be applied at the early stages of software development,to different architectural design models,and at different levels of system decomposition.This article introduces a software measurement model that uses a heuristic normalization of the software’s internal quality attributes,i.e.,coupling and cohesion,for software quality measurement.In this model,the quality of a software component is measured based on its internal strength and the coupling it exhibits with other component(s).The proposed model has been experimented with nine software engineering teams that have agreed to participate in the experiment during the development of their different software systems.The experiments have shown that coupling reduces the internal strength of the coupled components by the amount of coupling they exhibit,which degrades their quality and the overall quality of the software system.The introduced model can help in understanding the quality of software design.In addition,it identifies the locations in software design that exhibit unnecessary couplings that degrade the quality of the software systems,which can be eliminated.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program during the12thFive-Year Plan Period(2011BAI06B01,2011BAC02B04)Special Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research(201407002)+1 种基金Science and Technology Development Program of Shandong Province(2014GSF119018)Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Program of Shandong Province(2011Z-003-2)~~
文摘Processing method is one of the maln factors affecting the quality of hon-eysuckIe herbs, which is directIy reIated to economic benefits of farmers. This paper compares various processing methods of honeysuckIe to provide some references for deveIoping a suitabIe processing procedure that can be used in Iarge-scale pro-duction and improve herb quality.
基金National Key Technologies R&D Program Foundation of China(Grant No.2008BAI55B06).
文摘Four rapid spectral comparison methods are introduced in mobile labs.They are conformity test method,general correlation coefficient method,reverse correlation coefficient method and correlation coefficient method using characteristic spectral ranges.The first method is used for tracking the movements of drugs in the distribution channels;the second is used for quickly identify new counterfeit drugs;the last two are used to screen drugs illegally added in Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）.The applicability of the four methods is evaluated with counterfeit and authentic drugs.Our results show that these methods can be quickly constructed and used to identify counterfeit drugs accurately.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)~~
文摘The research explored effects of cultivation methods on growth, yield and quality of cassava. The results showed that the mulching treatment by direct seed- ing, the mulching treatment by transplanting, and the exposed treatment by trans- planting performed excellently in bringing seedling stage forward, improving germina- tion rate, yield and quality. For example, seedling emergence stages were 36, 31 and 31 d earlier; germination rates improved by 19.24%, 14.29% and 14.29%; yields grew by 41.98%, 26.72% and 11.45%; starch contents increased by 3.50%, 2.10% and 1.40%, respectively. Therefore, cassava in the mulching treatment by direct seeding is characterized by earlier seedling emergence stage, high germination rate, high yield and quality.
基金Supported by China Tobacco Yunnan Indutrial Co.Ltd Scientific Program(2010YL02)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research effects of bamboo split curing method and steely barn curing method on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco, providing scientific references for optimization of curing technology of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [method] The tobaccos were divided into two groups treated with two methods and the related indices of treated tobaccos were then measured to evaluate effects of curing methods on quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco. [Result] Tobaccos treated with two methods were all dominated by reddish yellow and yellow; exterior quality differed little. In detail, total sugar and reducing sugar in an average level in three locations were all higher with method A than those with method B, but nicotine and total N were lower; comprehensive chemical components in group with method B proved more appropriate with higher K. In addition, sensory qualities of leaves in moderate and bottom locations were better with method B compared with method A; sensory quality of top leaves was better; comprehensive sensory quality of leaves treated with method B proved better. On the other hand, cost for method A was 2.82 times of method B; the area of sun-curing field was 3.27 times and manage- ment work was 1.77 times, which indicated that method B is low-cost and time-saving, which would be a guarantee of tobacco quality. [Conclusion] The research provides scientific references for rational use of tobacco resources and optimization of sun-curing technology.
文摘Soil quality is one of the most important environmental factors in sustaining the global biosphere and developing sustainable agricultural practices. A study was initiated in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China to elucidate the soil quality changes of natural secondary succession, forest planting and agricultural practices after deforestation in the humid mountainous region. The soil qualities of six land use types (natural forestland, grassland, shrub land, secondary forestland, cultivated land and reforested land) were compared using two quantitative methods: the integrated soil quality index(QI) and soil deterioration index(DI). The QI values of natural forestland, grassland, shrub land, secondary forestland, cultivated land, reforested land were 0.8039, 0.3277, 0.9127, 0.6881, 0.0285 and 0.3183, respectively. The DI values were 0%, -14%, 12%, 1%, -26% and -18% respectively. Both indexes suggested that shrub land can restore soil properties. To compare the two methods more directly, a deduced index QI′ based on QI value was developed. The results showed that DI and QI′had a very high linear correlation coefficient (r=0.9775) despite the values were different. Both methods were efficient in evaluating the soil quality levels and DI was a more simple way in soil quality assessment, while QI could show more ecological meanings.
基金grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0300503)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-27)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2016344)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System,China(JATS[2018]298)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘Mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings(MC) and mechanical direct seeding(MD) are newly developed planting methods, which increase in popularity and planted area each year. Knowing the difference for yield and rice quality under different planting methods is of great importance for the development of high quality and yield cultivation techniques under mechanical conditions. Therefore, three kinds of japonica rice including hybrid japonica rice, inbreed japonica rice, and soft rice were adopted as materials. And the differences in the quality of processing, appearance, cooking and eating quality, nutrition, and the rapid viscosity analyzer(RVA) profile were studied to reveal the effects of planting methods on yield and quality of different types of japonica rice. Results showed that the milled rice and head rice rates under MC was significantly higher than those under MD, and the processing quality of inbreed japonica rice was the most stable. Compared with MC, length/width ratio of rice under MD was significantly increased, and chalkiness rate, size, and degree were significantly decreased. The protein content under MD was lower than that under MC. MC showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown value than MD. The taste value was the greatest for soft rice, followed by inbreed japonica rice, and then by japonica hybrid rice, with no significant differences resulting from planting methods. Compared with MC, MD significantly improved the appearance quality, though processing quality and nutritional quality were decreased. And there was no significant difference in cooking and eating quality between MC and MD. Under different planting methods, the appearance quality of inbreed japonica rice changed the most and the processing quality was the most stable. The nutritional, cooking and eating quality of soft rice changed the least. Therefore, according to the different planting methods and market needs, selecting the appropriate rice varieties can reduce the risks in rice production and achieve good rice quality.
基金Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project(Gui Ke AA17202037,Gui Ke AD19245169,Gui Ke AD18281072)Yulin Science and Technology Project(Yu Shi Ke Neng 20194301,2019CXPT00A4).
文摘[Objectives]To study the effects of different application methods and application rates of biological nano-selenium on the quality of passion fruit.[Methods]In this experiment,passion fruit Tainong 1 was sprayed with biological nano-selenium.The concentration of spraying refers to the recommended application rate of biological nano-selenium manufacturers.Three treatments with different concentrations were carried out:3,4.5 and 6 L/ha biological nano-selenium was sprayed on 100%root,(50%root+50%leaf surface)and 100%leaf surface of passion fruit,respectively.[Results]From the aspects of economic cost and rational utilization of resources,spraying 3 L/ha selenium fertilizer on the leaves of passion fruit played the best role in improving the quality of passion fruit.[Conclusions]To study the selenium-rich production technology of agricultural products and improve the quality of agricultural products is of great significance for improving human health and producing high-quality agricultural products.
文摘This study focused on analysis of the chemical characteristics of mine waters. The aim of this study is to correlate the degree of different ionic components in mine water and the influence of their convergence using a combination of the three-scale AHP and fuzzy evaluation methods for the comprehensive evaluation of water quality. Ion chromatography (ICS 1100) has been used to analyze the content of the water sample while portable pH/EC/TDS/Tem- perature meters (SX 811 and SX 813) were used to test physical-chemical parameters. The results of this study show that chemistry of in No.11 gushing mine is dominated by HCO3-Na and HCO3-Ca, and had a pH between 7.1 and 8.00, belonging to neutral or slightly alkaline water. In addition, water were found to have the hardness between 18 mg/L and 542.5 mg/L. Results also show that the TDS of the roof sandstone and goaves water are higher than Cambrian limestone water, while the turbidity of the mixed water is 20 NTU in the sump, again higher than in other samples such as Cambrian limestone water. Total dissolved solids and the total hardness of Cambrian limestone groundwater mainly depend on the content of K+ + Na+, Ca2+, B={b1,b2,…,bj} and SO2-4. Thus, chemical composition changes remarkably after mine water mixing. Results showed that the coal roof sandstone water is class V while that in the sump is class III, and the Cambrian limestone groundwater is class I. In gushing, the quality of water can vary greatly;thus, water from the coal face roof sandstone and the Cambrian limestone should be stored and treated separately before being utilized.
基金supported by the Fujian Forestry Science and Technology Research Project(2023FKJ15)Fuzhou Forestry Science and Technology Research Project(2130206)+1 种基金Special Fund Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KFB23173)University Key Lab for Geomatics Technology&Optimize Resources Utilization in Fujian Province(KJG20104A).
文摘Coastal areas face challenges in updating and enhancing the quality of coastal shelterbelt forests due to limited soil resource utilization,the biological characteristics of tree species,and the impact of coastal storm surges.This study,based on clarifying the connotation of stand quality(SQ)for Casuarina equisetifolia(C.equisetifolia),a typical coastal shelterbelt species,integrates stand growth conditions and structure,applying the AHP-EWM method to construct an SQ evaluation model.The model identifies key factors influencing the quality of C.equisetifolia stands and explores the mechanisms driving their growth processes.The results indicate that mean tree height,mean diameter at breast height,and stand density are key indicators for assessing the SQ of C.equisetifolia stands.The SQ of C.equisetifolia coastal shelterbelt stands varies across different land-sea positions,mainly influenced by stand age and soil nutrient levels.As stand age increases,the SQ initially improves and then declines.Additionally,C.equisetifolia trees growing in nutrient-rich soils exhibit better growth and higher SQ than those in poor soils.The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the management and quality enhancement of coastal shelterbelt forests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972005)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region‘Tianshan Talent’Training Plan Project,China(Grant No.2022TSYCCX0063).
文摘High-quality rice flour is the foundation for the production of various rice-based products.Milling is an essential step in obtaining rice flour,during which significant changes occur in the physicochemical and quality characteristics of the flour.Although rice flour obtained through mainstream wet milling methods exhibits superior quality,low production efficiency and wastewater discharge limit the development of the industry.Dry milling,on the other hand,conserves water resources,but adversely affects flour performance due to excessive heat generation.As an emerging powder-making technique,semi-dry milling offers a promising solution by enhancing flour quality and reducing environmental impact.This is achieved by minimizing soaking time through hot air treatment while reducing mechanical energy consumption to reach saturated water absorption levels.However,continuous production remains a challenge.This comprehensive review summarizes the effects of various milling technologies on rice flour properties and product qualities.It also discusses key control indicators and technical considerations for rice flour processing equipment and processes.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40830957 and 40575006)
文摘This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land surface dewfall, and describes several basic dewfall measurement methods. Moreover, the basic principles of these methods and instruments are interpreted, and their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are analyzed. Recommendations for the further improvement of these observational instruments and the development of dewfall measuring methods are presented, and new technologies and scientific proposals for exploiting dewfall are elucidated.
文摘In the framework of fighting against the poor quality medicines sold in developing countries using classical analytical methods easily accessible in those countries, four UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods for one antimalarial (quinine) and two antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole) have been developed and validated according to the total error strategy using the accuracy profiles as a decision tool. The dosing range was 2 - 10 μg/mL (for quinine sulfate in tablet), 4 - 12 μg/mL (for quinine bichlorhydrate in oral drop-metronidazole benzaote in oral suspension) and 15 - 35 μg/mL (for amoxicillin trihydrate in capsule). The validated methods were then applied in determining the content of some analogous medicines sold in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Thus, the proposed UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods are simple and suitable to quantify quinine, amoxicillin and metronidazole in different pharmaceutical forms.
基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA.
文摘Flavored vegetable oils have attracted more and more attentions from consumers and researchers due to their high oxidative stability and sensory quality.In the present study,the quality indices,chemical composition and frying performance of galangal flavored sunflower oil prepared by infusion method(GFSO-I),combination pressing method(GFSO-C)and direct addition method(GFSO-A)were investigated.The results displayed that the preparation time,the levels for the acid value(AV),peroxide value(PV),p-anisidine value(AnV),total oxidation value(TOTOX),and the values for total polar compounds(TPC),thiobarbituric acid(TBA),K232 and K268 of GFSO-C were prominently low(P<0.05),compared with that of GFSO-I and GFSO-A,while the fatty acid composition of them were similar.In the frying of Chinese Maye(tradional Chinese food,fried dough stick)at 180°C for 30 h,the values for TPC,TBA,K232 and K268,polymer,viscosity and b*of GFSO-C were obviously low(P<0.05),while the value for L*was obviously high(P<0.05),compared with that of GFSO-I and GFSO-A.In the sensory evaluation,the flavor,taste,crispness and overall acceptance of Chinese Maye fried by GFSO-C were better than that of Chinese Maye fried by GFSO-I and GFSO-A.Consequently,GFSO-C is more suitable for cooking,and the combination pressing method is optimal for industrial production of GFSO.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Plan Program(2016-YFD0400704-3)
文摘[Objectives] To study the effects of different drying methods on quality of Chinese wolfberry powder. [Methods] The physical properties and nutritional contents of Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by hot air drying,vacuum freeze drying,microwave vacuum drying,drum drying and spray drying were measured and analyzed to explore the effects of different drying methods on quality characteristics of Chinese wolfberry powder. [Results] The total sugar content and reducing sugar contents of product: vacuum freeze drying > spray drying > microwave vacuum drying > drum drying > hot air drying; carotene and total flavonoid contents: vacuum freeze drying > microwave vacuum drying > spray drying > drum drying > hot air drying; after drying process,the dietary fiber content of product obtained by drum drying and spray drying was relatively higher,while the Vc content of Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by vacuum freeze drying was the highest. a~*value( redness to greenness) of color: vacuum freeze drying > microwave vacuum drying > spray drying > drum drying > hot air drying; the Chinese wolfberry powder prepared by vacuum freeze drying had the best solubility,hygroscopicity and rehydration ratio. [Conclusions] Microwave vacuum drying was the best method to prepare Chinese wolfberry powder,in order to keep its quality and consider the cost of production.
文摘The fingerprint image quality has a significant effect on the performance of automatic fingerprint identification system. A method for measure of fingerprint image quality based on Fourier spectrum is proposed. First the band frequency which corresponds to the global average period of ridge is searched. Then the quality score of the fingerprint image is computed by measuring relative magnitude of the band frequency components. The method is verified to have good performance by experiments.
基金Supported by 2016 Shanxi Province Key R&D Plan"Research on Codonopsis pilosula Germplasm Resources and Standardized Production Technology(201603D3111005)Special Project of Zhendong Company"Study on High Quality and High Yield Cultivation Techniques of Codonopsis pilosula"(2016ZD0107)+1 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Project of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34)Research and Application of Ecological Agriculture of Chinese Medicinal Materials Based on Landscape Layout(2017YFC1700702).
文摘[Objectives]To study the effects of different storage methods and storage time on the quality of Codonopsis pilosula.[Methods]Experiment was performed by setting three different storage methods and times.[Results]When stored for 12 months,the extract content in the natural storage,conventional sealing,and controlled atmosphere storage was slightly lower than 77.32%before storage,and decreased by 2.82%,3.62%,and 1.71%,respectively.When stored for 18 months,the extract content was 74.14%,73.21%,and 72.08%,decreased by 4.11%,5.31%,and 6.78%,respectively compared with that before storage,all of which met the specified content in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.[Conclusions]The three storage times had significant effects on moisture and extract content of C.pilosula,but had no significant effects on atractylenolide III.With the extension of storage time,the moisture,extract,and content declined,so the storage time theoretically should not exceed 12 months.
文摘Bupleurum has been used as traditional medicine in China,Japan,South Korea,and other Asian countries for more than 2,000 years.The crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Bupleurum have a variety of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antipyretic,antibacterial,anti-viral,liver protection,neuroprotection,and immune regxilation.The pharmacological effects of Bupleurum have been classified and summarized in this paper by consulting literatures at home and abroad.At the same time,the quality analysis methods of bupleurum,including high-performance liquid chromatography,thin layer chromatography,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF-MS,and so on,are discussed.This paper provides a reference for further research,development,and application of Bupleurum.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651240)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670559).
文摘As an important material for manufacturing resonant components of musical instruments,Paulownia has an important influence on the sound quality of Ruan.In this paper,a model for evaluating the sound quality of Ruan based on the vibration characteristics of wood is developed using machine learning methods.Generally,the selection of materials for Ruan manufacturing relies primarily on manually weighing,observing,striking,and listening by the instrument technician.Deficiencies in scientific theory have hindered the quality of the finished Ruan.In this study,nine Ruans were manufactured,and a prediction model of Ruan sound quality was proposed based on the raw material information of Ruans.Out of a total of 180 data sets,145 and 45 sets were chosen for training and validation,respec-tively.In this paper,typical correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between two single indicators in two adjacent pairwise combinations of the measured objects in each stage of the production process in Ruan.The vibra-tion characteristics of the wood were tested,and a model for predicting the evaluation of Ruan’s acoustic qualities was developed by measuring the vibration characteristics of the resonating plate material.The acoustic quality of the Ruan sound board wood was evaluated and predicted using machine learning model generalized regression neural net-work.The results show that the prediction of Ruan sound quality can be achieved using Matlab simulation based on the vibration characteristics of the soundboard wood.When the model-predicted values were compared with the tradi-tional predicted results,it was found that the generalized regression neural network had good performance,achieving an accuracy of 93.8%which was highly consistent with the experimental results.It was concluded that the model can accurately predict the acoustic quality of the Ruan based on the vibration performance of the soundboards.
