Background: Studies have shown a strong correlation between the growth of E2 in serum and estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3G) in urine during ovarian stimulation. Thus, we developed theoretical models for using urinary E1-3...Background: Studies have shown a strong correlation between the growth of E2 in serum and estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3G) in urine during ovarian stimulation. Thus, we developed theoretical models for using urinary E1-3G in ovarian stimulation and focused on their experimental verification and analysis. Methods: A prospective, observational pilot study was conducted involving 54 patients who underwent 54 cycles of ovarian stimulation. The goal was to establish the growth rate of urinary E1-3G during the course of stimulation and to determine the daily upper and lower limits of growth rates at which stimulation is appropriate and safe. Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using two different stimulation protocols—an antagonist protocol in 25 cases and a progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol (PPOS) in 29 cases, with fixed doses of gonadotropins. From the second day of stimulation, patients self-measured their daily urine E1-3G levels at home using a portable analyzer. In parallel, a standard ultrasound follow-up protocol accompanied by a determination of E2, LH, and P levels was applied to optimally control stimulation. Results: The average daily growth rates in both groups were about 50%. The daily increase in E1-3G for the antagonist protocol ranged from 14% to 79%, while they were 28% to 79% for the PPOS protocol. Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze the dynamics of E1-3G in two different protocols and to estimate the limits of its increase during the entire course of the stimulation. The results confirm our theoretical model for the viability of using urinary E1-3G for monitoring ovarian stimulation.展开更多
随着互联网应用的日趋广泛,网络的正常运行变得越来越重要,网络路由监测成为网络管理的重要组成部分。网络路由监测最常用的方法就是分析内部网关协议报文。IS-IS(Intermediate system to Intermediate system)协议是目前ISP广泛应用在...随着互联网应用的日趋广泛,网络的正常运行变得越来越重要,网络路由监测成为网络管理的重要组成部分。网络路由监测最常用的方法就是分析内部网关协议报文。IS-IS(Intermediate system to Intermediate system)协议是目前ISP广泛应用在大型网络中的内部网关协议之一。在对目前比较成熟的面向IS-IS网络的路由监测系统充分研究的基础上,设计并实现了一款针对IS-IS网络的Net Monitor系统。此系统较现有系统占用网络资源少,部署简单,能提供可视化的网络拓扑以便客观发现并分析网络中的异常。介绍系统整体架构与模块划分,详细阐述路由异常发现方法,提出网络采集设备的部署方案。通过使用仿真网络环境对系统测试,实验结果证实该系统满足网络监测对可靠性和实时性的要求,为网络运营管理提供决策依据。展开更多
Intrapartum maternal normoglycemia seems to play an important role in the prevention of adverse perinatal, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Several glucose monitoring protocols have been developed, aiming to achieve a ...Intrapartum maternal normoglycemia seems to play an important role in the prevention of adverse perinatal, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Several glucose monitoring protocols have been developed, aiming to achieve a tight glucose monitoring and control. Depending on the type of diabetes and the optimal or suboptimal glycemic control, the treatment options include fasting status of the parturient, frequent monitoring of capillary blood glucose, intravenous dextrose infusion and subcutaneous or intravenous use of insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) is a relatively new technology that measures interstitial glucose at very short time intervals over a specifi c period of time. The resulting profi le provides a more comprehensive measure of glycemic excursions than intermittent home blood glucose monitoring. Results of studies applying the CGMS technology in patients with or without diabetes mellitus(DM) have revealed new insights in glucose metabolism. Moreover, CGMS have a potential role in the improvement of glycemic control during pregnancy and labor, which may lead to a decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, the use of CGMS, with its important technical advantages compared to the conventional way of monitoring, may lead into a more etiological intrapartum management of both the mother and her fetus/infant in pregnancies complicated with DM.展开更多
The information transmission is transparent for the user in the ZigBee wireless sensors network, which are lack of interactivity and self-constrain. The information in the ZigBee wireless sensors network can not be vi...The information transmission is transparent for the user in the ZigBee wireless sensors network, which are lack of interactivity and self-constrain. The information in the ZigBee wireless sensors network can not be viewed in a real time by a friendly interface. Modbus protocol is embedded into ZigBee stack, in this way, we can implement interaction well and the information can be viewed in a friendly interface. The paper presents the measures to embed the Modbus protocol into the ZigBee stack provided by Chipcon company, which contains address bound mechanism, information centralized storage, and flexible monitoring, by which we can monitor the real time information from the ZigBee wireless network and use some instructions to control the remote device in a friendly interface, which can be used well in the middle and small ZigBee monitoring wireless sensors network. We implement it in the plant physiological ecology monitoring system.展开更多
In order to adapt to the construction needs of the smart grid, smart substation need to solve the problem of protocol conversion between the conventional non-standardized condition monitoring equipment and the standar...In order to adapt to the construction needs of the smart grid, smart substation need to solve the problem of protocol conversion between the conventional non-standardized condition monitoring equipment and the standardized monitoring system. This paper proposed a realization method of conversion method between Modbus and IEC61850. Object-oriented technology is used for information model on Modbus. After the analysis of IEC61850 and MMS information and service model, to establish the model mapping relationship between IEC61850, MMS and Modbus based on the principle of minimum information point which is one to one correspondence. Combined with the implementation of SISCO MMS-EASE LITE software development kit programming, giving a realization method using QT programming techniques based on the mapping model. Finally, the establishment the interval controller as an example of protocol scheme verifies the correctness and the feasibility of protocol conversion method.展开更多
The security problems of wireless sensor networks (WSN) have attracted people’s wide attention. In this paper, after we have summarized the existing security problems and solutions in WSN, we find that the insider at...The security problems of wireless sensor networks (WSN) have attracted people’s wide attention. In this paper, after we have summarized the existing security problems and solutions in WSN, we find that the insider attack to WSN is hard to solve. Insider attack is different from outsider attack, because it can’t be solved by the traditional encryption and message authentication. Therefore, a reliable secure routing protocol should be proposed in order to defense the insider attack. In this paper, we focus on insider selective forwarding attack. The existing detection mechanisms, such as watchdog, multipath retreat, neighbor-based monitoring and so on, have both advantages and disadvantages. According to their characteristics, we proposed a secure routing protocol based on monitor node and trust mechanism. The reputation value is made up with packet forwarding rate and node’s residual energy. So this detection and routing mechanism is universal because it can take account of both the safety and lifetime of network. Finally, we use OPNET simulation to verify the performance of our algorithm.展开更多
为进一步规范治疗药物监测工作全流程技术环节,促进该项工作技术方法的标准化,以提升监测结果的科学性和临床指导价值,由中国药理学会治疗药物监测研究专业委员会和中国药师协会药品临床评价工作委员会联合发起制订《治疗药物监测技术...为进一步规范治疗药物监测工作全流程技术环节,促进该项工作技术方法的标准化,以提升监测结果的科学性和临床指导价值,由中国药理学会治疗药物监测研究专业委员会和中国药师协会药品临床评价工作委员会联合发起制订《治疗药物监测技术管理指南》。指南制订委员会将按照美国国家科学院医学研究所(Institute of Medicine)最新的指南定义、世界卫生组织(WHO)指南手册、指南质量评价工具(Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation)等相关方法学要求规范指南制订过程,并遵循卫生保健实践指南报告条目(Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare)标准化指南撰写。《治疗药物监测技术管理指南》已在“国际实践指南注册与透明化平台”(PREPARE)进行注册,版本为“原创版”,分类为“标准指南”,注册编码“PREPARE-2023CN646”。该指南计划书主要报告指南的制订背景、研究内容、适用范围、制订方法和路线等,以期为科学、规范、客观、可行的高质量指南制订提供依据和保障。展开更多
Water-environment monitoring network (WMN) is a wireless sensor network based real-time system, which collects, transmits, analyzes and processes water-environment parameters in large area. Both cluster selection mech...Water-environment monitoring network (WMN) is a wireless sensor network based real-time system, which collects, transmits, analyzes and processes water-environment parameters in large area. Both cluster selection mechanisms and energy saving strategies play an important role on designing network routing protocols for the WMN. Since those existing routing algorithms can not be used directly in the WMN, we thus propose an improved version of LEACH, a LEACH-Head Expected Frequency Appraisal (LEACH-HEFA) algorithm, for the WMN in this paper. Simulation results show that the LEACH-HEFA can balance the energy consumption of nodes, rationalize the clustering process and prolong the network lifetime significantly in the WMN. It indicates that the LEACH-HEFA is suitable to the WMN.展开更多
This paper presents a multi-interface embedded server architecture for remote real-time monitoring system and distributed monitoring applications. In the scheme,an embedded microprocessor( LPC3250 from NXP) is chosen ...This paper presents a multi-interface embedded server architecture for remote real-time monitoring system and distributed monitoring applications. In the scheme,an embedded microprocessor( LPC3250 from NXP) is chosen as the CPU of the embedded server with a linux operation system( OS) environment. The embedded server provides multiple interfaces for supporting various application scenarios. The whole network is based on local area network and adopts the Browser / Server( B / S) model. The monitoring and control node is as a browser endpoint and the remote node with an embedded server is as a server endpoint. Users can easily acquire various sensors information through writing Internet protocol address of remote node on the computer browser. Compared with client / server( C / S) mode,B / S model needs less maintain and can be applicable to large user group. In addition,a simple network management protocol( SNMP) is used for management of devices in Internet protocol( IP) networks. The results of the demonstration experiment show that the proposed system gives good support to manage the network from different user terminals and allows the users to better interact with the ambient environment.展开更多
A literature review on immune monitoring in kidney transplantation produced dozens of research articles and a multitude of promising biomarkers,all in the quest for the much sought after-but perennially elusive-"...A literature review on immune monitoring in kidney transplantation produced dozens of research articles and a multitude of promising biomarkers,all in the quest for the much sought after-but perennially elusive-"holy grail" of kidney biomarkers able to unequivocally predict acute transplant rejection vs non-rejection.Detection methodologies and study designs were many and varied.Hence the motivation for this editorial,which espouses the notion that in today's kidney transplantation milieu,the judicious use of disease classifiers tailored to specific patient immune risks may be more achievable and productive in the long run and confer a greater advantage for patient treatment than the pursuit of a single "omniscient" biomarker.In addition,we desire to direct attention toward greater scrutiny of biomarker publications and decisions to implement biomarkers in practice,standardization of methods in the development of biomarkers and consideration for adoption of "biomarker-driven" biopsies.We propose "biomarkerdriven" biopsies as an adjunctive to and/or alternative to random surveillance(protocol) biopsies or belated indication biopsies.The discovery of a single kidney transplantation biomarker would represent a major breakthrough in kidney transplantation practice,but until that occurs-if ever it does occur,other approaches offer substantial potential for unlocking prognostic,diagnostic and therapeutic options.We conclude our editorial with suggestions and recommendations for productively incorporating current biomarkers into diagnostic algorithms and for testing future biomarkers of acute rejection in kidney transplantation.展开更多
文摘Background: Studies have shown a strong correlation between the growth of E2 in serum and estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3G) in urine during ovarian stimulation. Thus, we developed theoretical models for using urinary E1-3G in ovarian stimulation and focused on their experimental verification and analysis. Methods: A prospective, observational pilot study was conducted involving 54 patients who underwent 54 cycles of ovarian stimulation. The goal was to establish the growth rate of urinary E1-3G during the course of stimulation and to determine the daily upper and lower limits of growth rates at which stimulation is appropriate and safe. Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using two different stimulation protocols—an antagonist protocol in 25 cases and a progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol (PPOS) in 29 cases, with fixed doses of gonadotropins. From the second day of stimulation, patients self-measured their daily urine E1-3G levels at home using a portable analyzer. In parallel, a standard ultrasound follow-up protocol accompanied by a determination of E2, LH, and P levels was applied to optimally control stimulation. Results: The average daily growth rates in both groups were about 50%. The daily increase in E1-3G for the antagonist protocol ranged from 14% to 79%, while they were 28% to 79% for the PPOS protocol. Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze the dynamics of E1-3G in two different protocols and to estimate the limits of its increase during the entire course of the stimulation. The results confirm our theoretical model for the viability of using urinary E1-3G for monitoring ovarian stimulation.
文摘随着互联网应用的日趋广泛,网络的正常运行变得越来越重要,网络路由监测成为网络管理的重要组成部分。网络路由监测最常用的方法就是分析内部网关协议报文。IS-IS(Intermediate system to Intermediate system)协议是目前ISP广泛应用在大型网络中的内部网关协议之一。在对目前比较成熟的面向IS-IS网络的路由监测系统充分研究的基础上,设计并实现了一款针对IS-IS网络的Net Monitor系统。此系统较现有系统占用网络资源少,部署简单,能提供可视化的网络拓扑以便客观发现并分析网络中的异常。介绍系统整体架构与模块划分,详细阐述路由异常发现方法,提出网络采集设备的部署方案。通过使用仿真网络环境对系统测试,实验结果证实该系统满足网络监测对可靠性和实时性的要求,为网络运营管理提供决策依据。
文摘Intrapartum maternal normoglycemia seems to play an important role in the prevention of adverse perinatal, maternal and neonatal outcomes. Several glucose monitoring protocols have been developed, aiming to achieve a tight glucose monitoring and control. Depending on the type of diabetes and the optimal or suboptimal glycemic control, the treatment options include fasting status of the parturient, frequent monitoring of capillary blood glucose, intravenous dextrose infusion and subcutaneous or intravenous use of insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS) is a relatively new technology that measures interstitial glucose at very short time intervals over a specifi c period of time. The resulting profi le provides a more comprehensive measure of glycemic excursions than intermittent home blood glucose monitoring. Results of studies applying the CGMS technology in patients with or without diabetes mellitus(DM) have revealed new insights in glucose metabolism. Moreover, CGMS have a potential role in the improvement of glycemic control during pregnancy and labor, which may lead to a decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, the use of CGMS, with its important technical advantages compared to the conventional way of monitoring, may lead into a more etiological intrapartum management of both the mother and her fetus/infant in pregnancies complicated with DM.
文摘The information transmission is transparent for the user in the ZigBee wireless sensors network, which are lack of interactivity and self-constrain. The information in the ZigBee wireless sensors network can not be viewed in a real time by a friendly interface. Modbus protocol is embedded into ZigBee stack, in this way, we can implement interaction well and the information can be viewed in a friendly interface. The paper presents the measures to embed the Modbus protocol into the ZigBee stack provided by Chipcon company, which contains address bound mechanism, information centralized storage, and flexible monitoring, by which we can monitor the real time information from the ZigBee wireless network and use some instructions to control the remote device in a friendly interface, which can be used well in the middle and small ZigBee monitoring wireless sensors network. We implement it in the plant physiological ecology monitoring system.
文摘In order to adapt to the construction needs of the smart grid, smart substation need to solve the problem of protocol conversion between the conventional non-standardized condition monitoring equipment and the standardized monitoring system. This paper proposed a realization method of conversion method between Modbus and IEC61850. Object-oriented technology is used for information model on Modbus. After the analysis of IEC61850 and MMS information and service model, to establish the model mapping relationship between IEC61850, MMS and Modbus based on the principle of minimum information point which is one to one correspondence. Combined with the implementation of SISCO MMS-EASE LITE software development kit programming, giving a realization method using QT programming techniques based on the mapping model. Finally, the establishment the interval controller as an example of protocol scheme verifies the correctness and the feasibility of protocol conversion method.
文摘The security problems of wireless sensor networks (WSN) have attracted people’s wide attention. In this paper, after we have summarized the existing security problems and solutions in WSN, we find that the insider attack to WSN is hard to solve. Insider attack is different from outsider attack, because it can’t be solved by the traditional encryption and message authentication. Therefore, a reliable secure routing protocol should be proposed in order to defense the insider attack. In this paper, we focus on insider selective forwarding attack. The existing detection mechanisms, such as watchdog, multipath retreat, neighbor-based monitoring and so on, have both advantages and disadvantages. According to their characteristics, we proposed a secure routing protocol based on monitor node and trust mechanism. The reputation value is made up with packet forwarding rate and node’s residual energy. So this detection and routing mechanism is universal because it can take account of both the safety and lifetime of network. Finally, we use OPNET simulation to verify the performance of our algorithm.
文摘为进一步规范治疗药物监测工作全流程技术环节,促进该项工作技术方法的标准化,以提升监测结果的科学性和临床指导价值,由中国药理学会治疗药物监测研究专业委员会和中国药师协会药品临床评价工作委员会联合发起制订《治疗药物监测技术管理指南》。指南制订委员会将按照美国国家科学院医学研究所(Institute of Medicine)最新的指南定义、世界卫生组织(WHO)指南手册、指南质量评价工具(Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation)等相关方法学要求规范指南制订过程,并遵循卫生保健实践指南报告条目(Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare)标准化指南撰写。《治疗药物监测技术管理指南》已在“国际实践指南注册与透明化平台”(PREPARE)进行注册,版本为“原创版”,分类为“标准指南”,注册编码“PREPARE-2023CN646”。该指南计划书主要报告指南的制订背景、研究内容、适用范围、制订方法和路线等,以期为科学、规范、客观、可行的高质量指南制订提供依据和保障。
文摘Water-environment monitoring network (WMN) is a wireless sensor network based real-time system, which collects, transmits, analyzes and processes water-environment parameters in large area. Both cluster selection mechanisms and energy saving strategies play an important role on designing network routing protocols for the WMN. Since those existing routing algorithms can not be used directly in the WMN, we thus propose an improved version of LEACH, a LEACH-Head Expected Frequency Appraisal (LEACH-HEFA) algorithm, for the WMN in this paper. Simulation results show that the LEACH-HEFA can balance the energy consumption of nodes, rationalize the clustering process and prolong the network lifetime significantly in the WMN. It indicates that the LEACH-HEFA is suitable to the WMN.
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No.2012AA02A604)
文摘This paper presents a multi-interface embedded server architecture for remote real-time monitoring system and distributed monitoring applications. In the scheme,an embedded microprocessor( LPC3250 from NXP) is chosen as the CPU of the embedded server with a linux operation system( OS) environment. The embedded server provides multiple interfaces for supporting various application scenarios. The whole network is based on local area network and adopts the Browser / Server( B / S) model. The monitoring and control node is as a browser endpoint and the remote node with an embedded server is as a server endpoint. Users can easily acquire various sensors information through writing Internet protocol address of remote node on the computer browser. Compared with client / server( C / S) mode,B / S model needs less maintain and can be applicable to large user group. In addition,a simple network management protocol( SNMP) is used for management of devices in Internet protocol( IP) networks. The results of the demonstration experiment show that the proposed system gives good support to manage the network from different user terminals and allows the users to better interact with the ambient environment.
文摘A literature review on immune monitoring in kidney transplantation produced dozens of research articles and a multitude of promising biomarkers,all in the quest for the much sought after-but perennially elusive-"holy grail" of kidney biomarkers able to unequivocally predict acute transplant rejection vs non-rejection.Detection methodologies and study designs were many and varied.Hence the motivation for this editorial,which espouses the notion that in today's kidney transplantation milieu,the judicious use of disease classifiers tailored to specific patient immune risks may be more achievable and productive in the long run and confer a greater advantage for patient treatment than the pursuit of a single "omniscient" biomarker.In addition,we desire to direct attention toward greater scrutiny of biomarker publications and decisions to implement biomarkers in practice,standardization of methods in the development of biomarkers and consideration for adoption of "biomarker-driven" biopsies.We propose "biomarkerdriven" biopsies as an adjunctive to and/or alternative to random surveillance(protocol) biopsies or belated indication biopsies.The discovery of a single kidney transplantation biomarker would represent a major breakthrough in kidney transplantation practice,but until that occurs-if ever it does occur,other approaches offer substantial potential for unlocking prognostic,diagnostic and therapeutic options.We conclude our editorial with suggestions and recommendations for productively incorporating current biomarkers into diagnostic algorithms and for testing future biomarkers of acute rejection in kidney transplantation.
