Objective： To explore the effects of thiazolidinediones （TZDs） pioglitazone on proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes. Methods：Omental adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 15 patients who w...Objective： To explore the effects of thiazolidinediones （TZDs） pioglitazone on proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes. Methods：Omental adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 15 patients who were undergoing elective open-abdominal surgery. The primary culture and differentiated induction of human preadipocytes were performed, and the human preadipo-cytes were treated with pioglitazone at different concentrations at proper moments. Dynamic morphological changes of the human preadipocytes were observed, and their proliferation and differentiation were assessed with Colorimetric MTT Assay and Oil Red O Staining. Results：After 24 hours and 72 hours with pioglitazone, 0.1 μmol/L （μmol/ml） pioglitazone increased the MTT values of the human preadipocytes by 25.3% and 34.8%,respectively（P 〈 0.05）, while 1 μmol/L pioglitazone by 27.4% and 26.6%（P 〈 0.05）, compared with the control group without pioglitazone. The human preadipocytes with pioglitazone cumulated more adipose in the endochylema than those without pioglitazone obviously. 0.1 μmol/L pioglitazone increased the differentiation degree of the human preadipocytes differentiated for 8-10 days by 44.81% and 1 μmol/L pioglitazone by 53.76%（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion：Thi- azolidinediones pioglitazone may significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of the human omental preadipocytes.展开更多
Aging affects the nervous system as well as other organs.In our study,we aimed to study the pharmacological effects and mechanism of porcine placental peptides(PPP)in aging process,and to observe the changes of neurob...Aging affects the nervous system as well as other organs.In our study,we aimed to study the pharmacological effects and mechanism of porcine placental peptides(PPP)in aging process,and to observe the changes of neuroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as partial gene expression in hippocampus of D-galactose-induced aged mouse.Based on the analysis of experimental results,it was confirmed that PPP significantly improved neurobalst proliferation and differentiation in the mouse hippocampal DG by ki-67 and DCX immunohistochemistry.This result showed that PPP had anti-aging effects on D-galactoseinduced aging mouse model.Moreover,we observed up-regulated expressions of BDNF and TrkB proteins and down-regulated expressions of Caspase 3,8,and 9 proteins in the PPP-treated mouse hippocampus.Therefore,our results showed that PPP obviously improved neuroblast proliferation and differentiation,and its anti-aging effect might berelated to down-regulation of apoptosis-related proteins,including Caspase 3,8,and 9,via BDNF/TrkB pathway.Our findings provided valuable evidence for its applications in the health and medicine sectors.展开更多
Objective To study the effects of combination of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and strontium chloride on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCM-SCs)in v...Objective To study the effects of combination of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and strontium chloride on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCM-SCs)in vitro culture.展开更多
Objective To study the effects of emodin on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3 L1 preadipocyte and the possible mechanism Methods Cell proliferation was determined by MTT spectrophotometry, cell differentiat...Objective To study the effects of emodin on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3 L1 preadipocyte and the possible mechanism Methods Cell proliferation was determined by MTT spectrophotometry, cell differentiation was determined by Oil Red O staining, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity was determined by spectrophotometry Results Emodin promoted proliferation of 3T3 L1 preadipocyte at low concentration and inhibited the proliferation at high concentration in a dose related manner In contrast, it inhibited cell differentiation into adipocyte at low concentration in a dose related manner In vitro emodin inhibited the activity of FAS in a dose related manner Conclusions The effects of emodin on 3T3 L1 cell's proliferation and differentiation are dose dependent Emodin inhibits the activity of FAS Our results suggest that emodin should have a potential to serve as a fat reducing drug展开更多
The phenomenon of adult neurogenesis is now an accepted occurrence in mammals and also in humans.At least two discrete places house stem cells for generation of neurons in adult brain. These are olfactory system and t...The phenomenon of adult neurogenesis is now an accepted occurrence in mammals and also in humans.At least two discrete places house stem cells for generation of neurons in adult brain. These are olfactory system and the hippocampus. In animals, newly generated neurons have been directly or indirectly demonstrated to generate a significant amount of new neurons to have a functional role. However, the data in humans on the extent of this process is still scanty and such as difficult to comprehend its functional role in humans. This paper explores the available data on as extent of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans and makes comparison to animal data.展开更多
Objective： To observe the effect of acupuncture on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain tissues of rats with traumatic brain injuny. Methods： Thirty SD rats were randomly and equally alloc...Objective： To observe the effect of acupuncture on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain tissues of rats with traumatic brain injuny. Methods： Thirty SD rats were randomly and equally allocated to the sham-operated, the model and the acupuncture groups. The traumatic brain injury model was established by the free drop method. For the rats in the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied once a day for 7 days. Brain histotomy was carried out when treatments were completed. Immunohistochemical techniques were adopted to detect the cells that express nestin, neurofilament proteins （NF）-200 and glial fibrillary acidic proteins （GFAP）, the markers of neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes respectively. Results： Compared to the sham-operated group, the number of nestin-positive cells and NF-200-positive cells in brain tissues was decreased significantly in the model group （P〈0.01）, whereas the number of GFAP-positive cells was significantly increased （P〈0.01）. Compared to the model group, the positive cells of nestin, NF-200, GFAP in brain tissues in the acupuncture group were increased obviously （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Acupuncture can significantly increase the number of nestin-positive cells, NF-200-positive cells and GFAP-positive cells, indicating the significant increase of neural stem cells, neurons and astrocytes in number. Acupuncture can improve neuranagenesis by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain tissues. This might be one of the mechanisms for acupuncture to treat traumatic brain injury and to promote the repair of nervous function.展开更多
The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of rat cytomegalovirus （RCMV） infection on the development of the nervous system in rat embryos, and to evaluate the involvement of Wnt signaling pathway key mo...The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of rat cytomegalovirus （RCMV） infection on the development of the nervous system in rat embryos, and to evaluate the involvement of Wnt signaling pathway key molecules and the downstream gene neurogenin 1 （Ngnl） in RCMV infected neural stem cells （NSCs）. Infection and control groups were established, each containing 20 pregnant Wistar rats. Rats in the infection group were inoculated with RCMV by intraperitoneal injection on the first day of pregnancy. Rat E20 embryos were taken to evaluate the teratogenic rate. NSCs were isolated from El3 embryos, and maintained in vitro. We found： 1） Poor fetal development was found in the infection group with low survival and high malformation rates. 2） The proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were affected. In the infection group, NSCs proliferated more slowly and had a lower neurosphere formation rate than the control. The differentiation ratio from NSCs to neurons and glial cells was significantly different from that of the control, showed by immunofluorescenee staining. 3） Ngnl mRNA expression and the nuclear p-catenin protein level were significantly lower than the control on day 2 when NSCs differentiated. 4） The Morris water maze test was performed on 4-week pups, and the infected rats were found worse in learning and memory ability. In a summary, RCMV infection caused abnormalities in the rat embryonic nervous system, significantly inhibited NSC proliferation and differentiation, and inhibited the expression of key molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway so as to affect NSCs differentiation. This may be an important mechanism by which RCMV causes embryonic nervous system abnormalities.展开更多
Objective To observe the effects of dexamethasone on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult human osteoblasts in vitro.Methods Iliac trabecular bone specimens were obtained from adult patients undergoin...Objective To observe the effects of dexamethasone on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult human osteoblasts in vitro.Methods Iliac trabecular bone specimens were obtained from adult patients undergoing necessary surgery. After the bone pieces were digested with collagenase-trypsin, osteoblasts were released and incubated at 37℃in a relative humidity of 95% and 5% CO2. Then, the cells were purified, and their passages were given DMEM-F12 and fetal bovine serum medium. Subsequently, 10^(-8) mol/L dexamethasone was added into the culture medium to incubate the osteoblasts for three days, and the cells from control groups were incubated without any drugs. All cells were observed continually with phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope. Finally, apoptosis was detected by the use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and biochemical indices, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were used to determine the effects of dexamethasone on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult osteoblasts in vitro.Results In the adult osteoblasts obtained by collagenase-trypsin digestion, it achieved high survial, stable biochemical indices and excellent purification. Under the condition of dexamethasone 10^(-8) mol/L and osteoblasts 10 000/ml, there was significant promotion of ALP and OCN secretion without cell apoptosis.Conclusions Dexamethasone has a significant effect on the proliferation and differentiation of adult osteoblasts in vitro without apoptosis, and dexamethasone at the suggested concentration can be used as positive control in drug studies for osteoporosis treatment.展开更多
Transplantation of somatic cells,including bone marrow stromal cells（BMSCs）,bone marrow mononuclear cells（BMNCs）,and choroid plexus epithelial cells（CPECs）,enhances the outgrowth of regenerating axons and promot...Transplantation of somatic cells,including bone marrow stromal cells（BMSCs）,bone marrow mononuclear cells（BMNCs）,and choroid plexus epithelial cells（CPECs）,enhances the outgrowth of regenerating axons and promotes locomotor improvements.They are not integrated into the host spinal cord,but disappear within 2-3 weeks after transplantation.Regenerating axons extend at the spinal cord lesion through the astrocyte-devoid area that is filled with connective tissue matrices.Regenerating axons have characteristics of peripheral nerves：they are associated with Schwann cells,and embedded in connective tissue matrices.It has been suggested that neurotrophic factors secreted from BMSCs and CPECs promote “intrinsic” ability of the spinal cord to regenerate.Transplanted Schwann cells survive long-term,and are integrated into the host spinal cord,serving as an effective scaffold for the outgrowth of regenerating axons in the spinal cord.The disadvantage that axons are blocked to extend through the glial scar at the border of the lesion is overcome.Schwann cells have been approved for clinical applications.Neural stem/progenitor cells（NSPCs） survive long-term,proliferate,and differentiate into glial cells and/or neurons after transplantation.No method is available at present to manipulate and control the behaviors of NPSCs to allow them to appropriately integrate into the host spinal cord.NPSP transplantation is not necessarily effective for locomotor improvement.展开更多
The present work focused on developing an innovative composite material by reinforcing polymer matrix with highly porous activated charcoal. Polyvinyl alcohol-activated charcoal（PVA-AC） composite scaffolds were deve...The present work focused on developing an innovative composite material by reinforcing polymer matrix with highly porous activated charcoal. Polyvinyl alcohol-activated charcoal（PVA-AC） composite scaffolds were developed by varying the AC concentrations（0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 wt%） in PVA matrix by freeze drying method. The developed scaffolds were characterized for their physicochemical, mechanical and in-vitro biological properties. In addition, the effect of AC on the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast MG 63 cells was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay, alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity assay and alizarin red stain-based（ARS） assay. All the PVA-AC composite scaffolds exhibited good bioactivity, hemocompatibility and protein adsorption properties. The scaffolds with high AC concentration（2.5 wt%） showed controlled drug release kinetics that are suitable for long term healing. The mechanical properties of all the PVA-AC composite scaffolds were improved when compared to the pure PVA scaffold. The high porosity, swelling degree and hydrophilicity of PVA-AC composite scaffolds facilitated cell attachment and proliferation. This is due to porous AC present in the sample that supported the osteoblast differentiation and formed mineralized nodules without the addition of any extra agents. From the above studies, it can be concluded that PVA-AC composite scaffolds are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.展开更多
This study was carried out to optimize the culture media for the micropropagation of Taxodium hybrid Zhongshanshan（ T. distichum × T. mucronatum）.Using the tender stems of Zhongshanshan 301 as the explants,the ...This study was carried out to optimize the culture media for the micropropagation of Taxodium hybrid Zhongshanshan（ T. distichum × T. mucronatum）.Using the tender stems of Zhongshanshan 301 as the explants,the effects of NAA,6-BA,IBA and KT on the induction of differentiation,proliferation and rooting were evaluated on MS or 1/2 MS medium. The results showed that Zhongshanshan can be proliferated via tissue culture. The combined use of NAA and 6-BA in MS medium greatly promoted the differentiation of Zhongshanshan explants,and the optimal medium was MS ＋ 0. 2 mg/L NAA ＋ 0. 4 mg/L6-BA. The optimal medium for the proliferation of differentiated buds was MS ＋ 0. 3 mg/L NAA ＋ 0. 4 mg/L 6-BA,on which the proliferation rate was up to 3. 8. 1/2 MS medium was more conducive than MS medium to the induction of rooting. The optimal medium for the rooting of tissue-cultured Zhongshanshan shoots was 1/2 MS ＋ 0. 3 mg/L IBA ＋ 0. 2 mg/L NAA.展开更多
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B(DYRK1B),also known as minibrain-related kinase(MIRK)is one of the best functionally studied members of the DYRK kinase family.DYRKs comprise a family of pr...Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B(DYRK1B),also known as minibrain-related kinase(MIRK)is one of the best functionally studied members of the DYRK kinase family.DYRKs comprise a family of protein kinases that are emerging modulators of signal transduction pathways,cell proliferation and differentiation,survival,and cell motility.DYRKs were found to participate in several signaling pathways critical for development and cell homeostasis.In this review,we focus on the DYRK1B protein kinase from a functional point of view concerning the signaling pathways through which DYRK1B exerts its cell type-dependent function in a positive or negative manner,in development and human diseases.In particular,we focus on the physiological role of DYRK1B in behavior of stem cells in myogenesis,adipogenesis,spermatogenesis and neurogenesis,as well as in its pathological implication in cancer and metabolic syndrome.Thus,understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate signaling pathways is of high importance.Recent studies have identified a close regulatory connection between DYRK1B and the hedgehog(HH)signaling pathway.Here,we aim to bring together what is known about the functional integration and cross-talk between DYRK1B and several signaling pathways,such as HH,RAS and PI3K/mTOR/AKT,as well as how this might affect cellular and molecular processes in development,physiology,and pathology.Thus,this review summarizes the major known functions of DYRK1B kinase,as well as the mechanisms by which DYRK1B exerts its functions in development and human diseases focusing on the homeostasis of stem and cancer stem cells.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to select media suitable for proliferation,differentiation and rooting of Cymbidium hybridum"Huangjinjia".[Methods]The lateral buds and protocorms of the new variety C.hy...[Objectives]This study was conducted to select media suitable for proliferation,differentiation and rooting of Cymbidium hybridum"Huangjinjia".[Methods]The lateral buds and protocorms of the new variety C.hybridum"Huangjinjia"were used as materials to explore the effects of different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA on protocorm proliferation and rooting.[Results]The optimal medium for protocorm propagation was 1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L+potato 50 g/L+sucrose 20 g/L,in which the protocorms multiplied easily and grew rapidly.The optimal medium for inducing adventitious buds was1/2 MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+banana 25 g/L+apple 25 g/L+activated carbon 1.0 g/L,in which the induction rate of adventitious buds reached 335%.The optimal medium for rooting was 1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+sucrose 25 g/L+banana 75 g/L+apple 25 g/L+activated carbon1.0 g/L,in which the average root length was 3.0 cm,the average number of roots was 2.6,and plantlets had green leaves,thick roots and suitable plant height.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the establishment of a rapid propagation system using lateral buds.展开更多
<正>Objective To investigate the combined effects of fluoride(Na F)and arsenate(Na As O2)exposure on proliferation,differentiation and bata-catenin expression in SD rat osteoblasts.Methods Osteoblasts were isola...<正>Objective To investigate the combined effects of fluoride(Na F)and arsenate(Na As O2)exposure on proliferation,differentiation and bata-catenin expression in SD rat osteoblasts.Methods Osteoblasts were isolated from calvarias of twelve SD rats born in 1~3 days and cul-展开更多
Male fertility is built on the proper proliferation and differentiation of germline cells within the seminiferous epithelium in the testis,which continuously produces millions of sperm per day in mammals[1].RNA modifi...Male fertility is built on the proper proliferation and differentiation of germline cells within the seminiferous epithelium in the testis,which continuously produces millions of sperm per day in mammals[1].RNA modifications are emerging as crucial epitranscriptomic regulators.展开更多
文摘Objective： To explore the effects of thiazolidinediones （TZDs） pioglitazone on proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes. Methods：Omental adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 15 patients who were undergoing elective open-abdominal surgery. The primary culture and differentiated induction of human preadipocytes were performed, and the human preadipo-cytes were treated with pioglitazone at different concentrations at proper moments. Dynamic morphological changes of the human preadipocytes were observed, and their proliferation and differentiation were assessed with Colorimetric MTT Assay and Oil Red O Staining. Results：After 24 hours and 72 hours with pioglitazone, 0.1 μmol/L （μmol/ml） pioglitazone increased the MTT values of the human preadipocytes by 25.3% and 34.8%,respectively（P 〈 0.05）, while 1 μmol/L pioglitazone by 27.4% and 26.6%（P 〈 0.05）, compared with the control group without pioglitazone. The human preadipocytes with pioglitazone cumulated more adipose in the endochylema than those without pioglitazone obviously. 0.1 μmol/L pioglitazone increased the differentiation degree of the human preadipocytes differentiated for 8-10 days by 44.81% and 1 μmol/L pioglitazone by 53.76%（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion：Thi- azolidinediones pioglitazone may significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of the human omental preadipocytes.
基金The University Natural Science Research major Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.16KJA310006)
文摘Aging affects the nervous system as well as other organs.In our study,we aimed to study the pharmacological effects and mechanism of porcine placental peptides(PPP)in aging process,and to observe the changes of neuroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as partial gene expression in hippocampus of D-galactose-induced aged mouse.Based on the analysis of experimental results,it was confirmed that PPP significantly improved neurobalst proliferation and differentiation in the mouse hippocampal DG by ki-67 and DCX immunohistochemistry.This result showed that PPP had anti-aging effects on D-galactoseinduced aging mouse model.Moreover,we observed up-regulated expressions of BDNF and TrkB proteins and down-regulated expressions of Caspase 3,8,and 9 proteins in the PPP-treated mouse hippocampus.Therefore,our results showed that PPP obviously improved neuroblast proliferation and differentiation,and its anti-aging effect might berelated to down-regulation of apoptosis-related proteins,including Caspase 3,8,and 9,via BDNF/TrkB pathway.Our findings provided valuable evidence for its applications in the health and medicine sectors.
文摘Objective To study the effects of combination of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and strontium chloride on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCM-SCs)in vitro culture.
文摘Objective To study the effects of emodin on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3 L1 preadipocyte and the possible mechanism Methods Cell proliferation was determined by MTT spectrophotometry, cell differentiation was determined by Oil Red O staining, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity was determined by spectrophotometry Results Emodin promoted proliferation of 3T3 L1 preadipocyte at low concentration and inhibited the proliferation at high concentration in a dose related manner In contrast, it inhibited cell differentiation into adipocyte at low concentration in a dose related manner In vitro emodin inhibited the activity of FAS in a dose related manner Conclusions The effects of emodin on 3T3 L1 cell's proliferation and differentiation are dose dependent Emodin inhibits the activity of FAS Our results suggest that emodin should have a potential to serve as a fat reducing drug
基金supported by the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa(CARTA).CARTA is jointly led by the African Population and Health Research Center(APHRC)and the University of the Witwatersrandfunded by the Wellcome Trust(UK)(Grant No.087547/Z/08/Z)+5 种基金the Department for International Development(DfID)under the Development Partnerships in Higher Education(DelPHE),the Carnegie Corporation of New York(Grant No.B 8606)the Ford Foundation(Grant No.11000399)Google.Org(Grant No.191994)Sida(Grant No.54100029)Mac Arthur Foundation(Grant No.10-95915-000-INP)British Council
文摘The phenomenon of adult neurogenesis is now an accepted occurrence in mammals and also in humans.At least two discrete places house stem cells for generation of neurons in adult brain. These are olfactory system and the hippocampus. In animals, newly generated neurons have been directly or indirectly demonstrated to generate a significant amount of new neurons to have a functional role. However, the data in humans on the extent of this process is still scanty and such as difficult to comprehend its functional role in humans. This paper explores the available data on as extent of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans and makes comparison to animal data.
基金Supported by Project of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(No.9151063201000028)Project of Science and Technology of Guangdong(No.2011 B031800284)
文摘Objective： To observe the effect of acupuncture on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain tissues of rats with traumatic brain injuny. Methods： Thirty SD rats were randomly and equally allocated to the sham-operated, the model and the acupuncture groups. The traumatic brain injury model was established by the free drop method. For the rats in the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied once a day for 7 days. Brain histotomy was carried out when treatments were completed. Immunohistochemical techniques were adopted to detect the cells that express nestin, neurofilament proteins （NF）-200 and glial fibrillary acidic proteins （GFAP）, the markers of neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes respectively. Results： Compared to the sham-operated group, the number of nestin-positive cells and NF-200-positive cells in brain tissues was decreased significantly in the model group （P〈0.01）, whereas the number of GFAP-positive cells was significantly increased （P〈0.01）. Compared to the model group, the positive cells of nestin, NF-200, GFAP in brain tissues in the acupuncture group were increased obviously （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Acupuncture can significantly increase the number of nestin-positive cells, NF-200-positive cells and GFAP-positive cells, indicating the significant increase of neural stem cells, neurons and astrocytes in number. Acupuncture can improve neuranagenesis by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in brain tissues. This might be one of the mechanisms for acupuncture to treat traumatic brain injury and to promote the repair of nervous function.
基金Shandong Province High-level Talent of Health 1020 Project Fund(No.2008-1)Science and Technology Creative Research of Weifang Medical University(No.K11TS1010)+1 种基金A Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(No.J12LK04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900775)
文摘The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of rat cytomegalovirus （RCMV） infection on the development of the nervous system in rat embryos, and to evaluate the involvement of Wnt signaling pathway key molecules and the downstream gene neurogenin 1 （Ngnl） in RCMV infected neural stem cells （NSCs）. Infection and control groups were established, each containing 20 pregnant Wistar rats. Rats in the infection group were inoculated with RCMV by intraperitoneal injection on the first day of pregnancy. Rat E20 embryos were taken to evaluate the teratogenic rate. NSCs were isolated from El3 embryos, and maintained in vitro. We found： 1） Poor fetal development was found in the infection group with low survival and high malformation rates. 2） The proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were affected. In the infection group, NSCs proliferated more slowly and had a lower neurosphere formation rate than the control. The differentiation ratio from NSCs to neurons and glial cells was significantly different from that of the control, showed by immunofluorescenee staining. 3） Ngnl mRNA expression and the nuclear p-catenin protein level were significantly lower than the control on day 2 when NSCs differentiated. 4） The Morris water maze test was performed on 4-week pups, and the infected rats were found worse in learning and memory ability. In a summary, RCMV infection caused abnormalities in the rat embryonic nervous system, significantly inhibited NSC proliferation and differentiation, and inhibited the expression of key molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway so as to affect NSCs differentiation. This may be an important mechanism by which RCMV causes embryonic nervous system abnormalities.
文摘Objective To observe the effects of dexamethasone on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult human osteoblasts in vitro.Methods Iliac trabecular bone specimens were obtained from adult patients undergoing necessary surgery. After the bone pieces were digested with collagenase-trypsin, osteoblasts were released and incubated at 37℃in a relative humidity of 95% and 5% CO2. Then, the cells were purified, and their passages were given DMEM-F12 and fetal bovine serum medium. Subsequently, 10^(-8) mol/L dexamethasone was added into the culture medium to incubate the osteoblasts for three days, and the cells from control groups were incubated without any drugs. All cells were observed continually with phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope. Finally, apoptosis was detected by the use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and biochemical indices, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were used to determine the effects of dexamethasone on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult osteoblasts in vitro.Results In the adult osteoblasts obtained by collagenase-trypsin digestion, it achieved high survial, stable biochemical indices and excellent purification. Under the condition of dexamethasone 10^(-8) mol/L and osteoblasts 10 000/ml, there was significant promotion of ALP and OCN secretion without cell apoptosis.Conclusions Dexamethasone has a significant effect on the proliferation and differentiation of adult osteoblasts in vitro without apoptosis, and dexamethasone at the suggested concentration can be used as positive control in drug studies for osteoporosis treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(No.2300125 to CI and No.26870744 to KK)
文摘Transplantation of somatic cells,including bone marrow stromal cells（BMSCs）,bone marrow mononuclear cells（BMNCs）,and choroid plexus epithelial cells（CPECs）,enhances the outgrowth of regenerating axons and promotes locomotor improvements.They are not integrated into the host spinal cord,but disappear within 2-3 weeks after transplantation.Regenerating axons extend at the spinal cord lesion through the astrocyte-devoid area that is filled with connective tissue matrices.Regenerating axons have characteristics of peripheral nerves：they are associated with Schwann cells,and embedded in connective tissue matrices.It has been suggested that neurotrophic factors secreted from BMSCs and CPECs promote “intrinsic” ability of the spinal cord to regenerate.Transplanted Schwann cells survive long-term,and are integrated into the host spinal cord,serving as an effective scaffold for the outgrowth of regenerating axons in the spinal cord.The disadvantage that axons are blocked to extend through the glial scar at the border of the lesion is overcome.Schwann cells have been approved for clinical applications.Neural stem/progenitor cells（NSPCs） survive long-term,proliferate,and differentiate into glial cells and/or neurons after transplantation.No method is available at present to manipulate and control the behaviors of NPSCs to allow them to appropriately integrate into the host spinal cord.NPSP transplantation is not necessarily effective for locomotor improvement.
基金the Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, The National Institute of Technology
文摘The present work focused on developing an innovative composite material by reinforcing polymer matrix with highly porous activated charcoal. Polyvinyl alcohol-activated charcoal（PVA-AC） composite scaffolds were developed by varying the AC concentrations（0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 wt%） in PVA matrix by freeze drying method. The developed scaffolds were characterized for their physicochemical, mechanical and in-vitro biological properties. In addition, the effect of AC on the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast MG 63 cells was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay, alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity assay and alizarin red stain-based（ARS） assay. All the PVA-AC composite scaffolds exhibited good bioactivity, hemocompatibility and protein adsorption properties. The scaffolds with high AC concentration（2.5 wt%） showed controlled drug release kinetics that are suitable for long term healing. The mechanical properties of all the PVA-AC composite scaffolds were improved when compared to the pure PVA scaffold. The high porosity, swelling degree and hydrophilicity of PVA-AC composite scaffolds facilitated cell attachment and proliferation. This is due to porous AC present in the sample that supported the osteoblast differentiation and formed mineralized nodules without the addition of any extra agents. From the above studies, it can be concluded that PVA-AC composite scaffolds are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.
文摘This study was carried out to optimize the culture media for the micropropagation of Taxodium hybrid Zhongshanshan（ T. distichum × T. mucronatum）.Using the tender stems of Zhongshanshan 301 as the explants,the effects of NAA,6-BA,IBA and KT on the induction of differentiation,proliferation and rooting were evaluated on MS or 1/2 MS medium. The results showed that Zhongshanshan can be proliferated via tissue culture. The combined use of NAA and 6-BA in MS medium greatly promoted the differentiation of Zhongshanshan explants,and the optimal medium was MS ＋ 0. 2 mg/L NAA ＋ 0. 4 mg/L6-BA. The optimal medium for the proliferation of differentiated buds was MS ＋ 0. 3 mg/L NAA ＋ 0. 4 mg/L 6-BA,on which the proliferation rate was up to 3. 8. 1/2 MS medium was more conducive than MS medium to the induction of rooting. The optimal medium for the rooting of tissue-cultured Zhongshanshan shoots was 1/2 MS ＋ 0. 3 mg/L IBA ＋ 0. 2 mg/L NAA.
文摘Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B(DYRK1B),also known as minibrain-related kinase(MIRK)is one of the best functionally studied members of the DYRK kinase family.DYRKs comprise a family of protein kinases that are emerging modulators of signal transduction pathways,cell proliferation and differentiation,survival,and cell motility.DYRKs were found to participate in several signaling pathways critical for development and cell homeostasis.In this review,we focus on the DYRK1B protein kinase from a functional point of view concerning the signaling pathways through which DYRK1B exerts its cell type-dependent function in a positive or negative manner,in development and human diseases.In particular,we focus on the physiological role of DYRK1B in behavior of stem cells in myogenesis,adipogenesis,spermatogenesis and neurogenesis,as well as in its pathological implication in cancer and metabolic syndrome.Thus,understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate signaling pathways is of high importance.Recent studies have identified a close regulatory connection between DYRK1B and the hedgehog(HH)signaling pathway.Here,we aim to bring together what is known about the functional integration and cross-talk between DYRK1B and several signaling pathways,such as HH,RAS and PI3K/mTOR/AKT,as well as how this might affect cellular and molecular processes in development,physiology,and pathology.Thus,this review summarizes the major known functions of DYRK1B kinase,as well as the mechanisms by which DYRK1B exerts its functions in development and human diseases focusing on the homeostasis of stem and cancer stem cells.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to select media suitable for proliferation,differentiation and rooting of Cymbidium hybridum"Huangjinjia".[Methods]The lateral buds and protocorms of the new variety C.hybridum"Huangjinjia"were used as materials to explore the effects of different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA on protocorm proliferation and rooting.[Results]The optimal medium for protocorm propagation was 1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L+potato 50 g/L+sucrose 20 g/L,in which the protocorms multiplied easily and grew rapidly.The optimal medium for inducing adventitious buds was1/2 MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+banana 25 g/L+apple 25 g/L+activated carbon 1.0 g/L,in which the induction rate of adventitious buds reached 335%.The optimal medium for rooting was 1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+sucrose 25 g/L+banana 75 g/L+apple 25 g/L+activated carbon1.0 g/L,in which the average root length was 3.0 cm,the average number of roots was 2.6,and plantlets had green leaves,thick roots and suitable plant height.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the establishment of a rapid propagation system using lateral buds.
文摘<正>Objective To investigate the combined effects of fluoride(Na F)and arsenate(Na As O2)exposure on proliferation,differentiation and bata-catenin expression in SD rat osteoblasts.Methods Osteoblasts were isolated from calvarias of twelve SD rats born in 1~3 days and cul-
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program ofChina(2019YFA0802600,2022YFC2702600)Research Funds of Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM"(QYPY20230032)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970793,32170856 and 32300711)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation grant(2408085jJ016)the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA(YNXM-202211)the Hunan Provincial Grant for Innovative Province Construction(2019SK4012)the Hundred Youth Talents Program of Hunan Province.
文摘Male fertility is built on the proper proliferation and differentiation of germline cells within the seminiferous epithelium in the testis,which continuously produces millions of sperm per day in mammals[1].RNA modifications are emerging as crucial epitranscriptomic regulators.
