Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields,such as neuromorphic photonics,opticalcommunications,and quantum information.In this ...Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields,such as neuromorphic photonics,opticalcommunications,and quantum information.In this paper,we propose pixelated programmable Si_(3)N_(4)PICs with record-high 20-level intermediate states at 785 nm wavelength.Such flexibility in phase or amplitude modulation is achieved by a programmable Sb_(2)S_(3)matrix,the footprint of whose elements can be as small as 1.2μm,limited only by the optical diffraction limit of anin-house developed pulsed laser writing system.We believe our work lays the foundation for laser-writing ultra-high-level(20 levels and even more)programmable photonic systems and metasurfaces based on phase change materials,which could catalyze diverse applications such as programmable neuromorphic photonics,biosensing,optical computing,photonic quantum computing,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.展开更多
The widely used sensitive elements of humidity sensors can be divided into 3 types,i.e.,resistor,capacitor,and electrolyte.Humidity sensors consisting of these sensitive elements have corresponding signal processing c...The widely used sensitive elements of humidity sensors can be divided into 3 types,i.e.,resistor,capacitor,and electrolyte.Humidity sensors consisting of these sensitive elements have corresponding signal processing circuit unique to each type of sensitive elements.This paper presents an ispPAC (in-system programmable Programmable Analog Circuit) -based humidity sensor signal processing circuit designed with software method and implemented with in-system programmable simulators.Practical operation shows that humidity sensor signal processing circuits of this kind,exhibit stable and reliable performance.展开更多
Programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)have emerged as a promising platform for analog signal processing.Programmable PICs,as versatile photonic integrated platforms,can realize a wide range of functionalities...Programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)have emerged as a promising platform for analog signal processing.Programmable PICs,as versatile photonic integrated platforms,can realize a wide range of functionalities through software control.However,a significant challenge lies in the efficient management of a large number of programmable units,which is essential for the realization of complex photonic applications.In this paper,we propose an innovative approach using Ising-model-based intelligent computing to enable dynamic reconfiguration of large-scale programmable PICs.In the theoretical framework,we model the Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)fundamental units within programmable PICs as spin qubits with binary decision variables,forming the basis for the Ising model.The function of programmable PIC implementation can be reformulated as a path-planning problem,which is then addressed using the Ising model.The states of MZI units are accordingly determined as the Ising model evolves toward the lowest Ising energy.This method facilitates the simultaneous configuration of a vast number of MZI unit states,unlocking the full potential of programmable PICs for high-speed,large-scale analog signal processing.To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach,we present two distinct photonic systems:a 4×4 wavelength routing system for balanced transmission of four-channel NRZ/PAM-4 signals and an optical neural network that achieves a recognition accuracy of 96.2%.Additionally,our system demonstrates a reconfiguration speed of 30 ms and scalability to a 56×56 port network with 2000 MZI units.This work provides a groundbreaking theoretical framework and paves the way for scalable,high-speed analog signal processing in large-scale programmable PICs.展开更多
Two improved structures of high resolution digital pulse width modulator(DPWM) control circuit are proposed. Embedded digital clock manager(DCM) blocks and digital programmable delay circuits are employed as the basic...Two improved structures of high resolution digital pulse width modulator(DPWM) control circuit are proposed. Embedded digital clock manager(DCM) blocks and digital programmable delay circuits are employed as the basic resources to construct the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)-based DPWM implementations. Detailed schemes are illustrated and the circuits have been successfully implemented on the Artix-7 FPGA device developed by Xilinx. Experimental results show that when the basic clock operates at the frequency of 200 MHz, the resolutions of the two approaches can reach 625 ps and 500 ps, respectively. Besides,the presented schemes possess other merits including flexible resolution, strong versatility and relatively good stability.展开更多
A programmable silicon photonic multiband microwave filter with tunable bandwidths has been demonstrated.The filter has been successfully used to set up a radio-over-fiber link operating in the X-band as a proof of co...A programmable silicon photonic multiband microwave filter with tunable bandwidths has been demonstrated.The filter has been successfully used to set up a radio-over-fiber link operating in the X-band as a proof of concept.For this purpose,we have investigated the programmable photonic integrated circuit comprising 14 tunable balanced Mach–Zehnder interferometers designed into a square mesh architecture and fabricated using CMOS-compatible silicon photonic technology.展开更多
A broadband programmable gain amplifier（PGA） with a small gain step and low gain error has been designed in 0.13 m CMOS technology. The PGA was implemented with open-loop architecture to provide wide bandwidth. A tw...A broadband programmable gain amplifier（PGA） with a small gain step and low gain error has been designed in 0.13 m CMOS technology. The PGA was implemented with open-loop architecture to provide wide bandwidth. A two-stage gain control method, which consists of a resistor ladder attenuator and an active fine gain control stage, provides the small gain step. A look-up table based gain control method is introduced in the fine gain control stage to lower the gain error.The proposedPGAshows a decibel-linear variable gainfrom4 to20 dB with a gain step of 0.1 dB and a gain error less than˙0.05 dB. The 3-dB bandwidth and maximum IIP3 are 3.8 GHz and 17 dBm, respectively.展开更多
By combining substrate-side,phase-cancelling reflection with monolayer graphene reconfigured as nanoscale tunable lateral capacitors within metasurface unit cells,terahertz amplitude modulation exceeding 40 dB at arou...By combining substrate-side,phase-cancelling reflection with monolayer graphene reconfigured as nanoscale tunable lateral capacitors within metasurface unit cells,terahertz amplitude modulation exceeding 40 dB at around 2 THz with 30 MHz reconfiguration speed is demonstrated under solid-state,room-temperature conditions.The design provides a scalable and practical platform for high-speed,large-dynamic-range terahertz communications,real-time imaging,and programmable photonic circuits.展开更多
Fabrication imperfections must be considered during the configuration of programmable photonic integrated circuits(PPICs). Therefore, characterization of imperfections is crucial but challenging, especially for PPICs ...Fabrication imperfections must be considered during the configuration of programmable photonic integrated circuits(PPICs). Therefore, characterization of imperfections is crucial but challenging, especially for PPICs based on recirculating waveguide meshes. In this Letter, we propose a characterization method based on an optimization method assisted by a step-by-step parameter space reduction technique, capable of greatly broadening the range of characterized parameters compared to existing methods. Our method ensures precise characterization, enabling the modeling of defective meshes with an error of 0.35 dB. Furthermore, the method was tested under various scenarios to evaluate its stability and robustness. Finally, we applied our method to implement six different types of finite/infinite impulse response(FIR/IIR) filters to demonstrate its effective application in off-chip configuration.展开更多
In recent years,quantum computing has made significant strides,particularly in light-based technology.The introduction of quantum photonic chips has ushered in an era marked by scalability,stability,and cost-effective...In recent years,quantum computing has made significant strides,particularly in light-based technology.The introduction of quantum photonic chips has ushered in an era marked by scalability,stability,and cost-effectiveness,paving the way for innovative possibilities within compact footprints.This article provides a comprehensive exploration of photonic quantum computing,covering key aspects such as encoding information in photons,the merits of photonic qubits,and essential photonic device components including light squeezers,quantum light sources,interferometers,photodetectors,and wave-guides.The article also examines photonic quantum communication and internet,and its implications for secure systems,detailing implementations such as quantum key distribution and long-distance communication.Emerging trends in quantum communication and essential reconfigurable elements for advancing photonic quantum internet are discussed.The review further navigates the path towards establishing scalable and fault-tolerant photonic quantum computers,highlighting quantum computational advantages achieved using photons.Additionally,the discussion extends to programmable photonic circuits,integrated photonics and transformative applications.Lastly,the review addresses prospects,implications,and challenges in photonic quantum computing,offering valuable insights into current advancements and promising future directions in this technology.展开更多
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175509 and 52130504)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFF0204705)2021 Postdoctoral Innovation Research Plan of Hubei Province(0106100226)。
文摘Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields,such as neuromorphic photonics,opticalcommunications,and quantum information.In this paper,we propose pixelated programmable Si_(3)N_(4)PICs with record-high 20-level intermediate states at 785 nm wavelength.Such flexibility in phase or amplitude modulation is achieved by a programmable Sb_(2)S_(3)matrix,the footprint of whose elements can be as small as 1.2μm,limited only by the optical diffraction limit of anin-house developed pulsed laser writing system.We believe our work lays the foundation for laser-writing ultra-high-level(20 levels and even more)programmable photonic systems and metasurfaces based on phase change materials,which could catalyze diverse applications such as programmable neuromorphic photonics,biosensing,optical computing,photonic quantum computing,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.
文摘The widely used sensitive elements of humidity sensors can be divided into 3 types,i.e.,resistor,capacitor,and electrolyte.Humidity sensors consisting of these sensitive elements have corresponding signal processing circuit unique to each type of sensitive elements.This paper presents an ispPAC (in-system programmable Programmable Analog Circuit) -based humidity sensor signal processing circuit designed with software method and implemented with in-system programmable simulators.Practical operation shows that humidity sensor signal processing circuits of this kind,exhibit stable and reliable performance.
基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022111)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(100GJHZ2022028GC)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Z210005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62135014,62235011)。
文摘Programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)have emerged as a promising platform for analog signal processing.Programmable PICs,as versatile photonic integrated platforms,can realize a wide range of functionalities through software control.However,a significant challenge lies in the efficient management of a large number of programmable units,which is essential for the realization of complex photonic applications.In this paper,we propose an innovative approach using Ising-model-based intelligent computing to enable dynamic reconfiguration of large-scale programmable PICs.In the theoretical framework,we model the Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)fundamental units within programmable PICs as spin qubits with binary decision variables,forming the basis for the Ising model.The function of programmable PIC implementation can be reformulated as a path-planning problem,which is then addressed using the Ising model.The states of MZI units are accordingly determined as the Ising model evolves toward the lowest Ising energy.This method facilitates the simultaneous configuration of a vast number of MZI unit states,unlocking the full potential of programmable PICs for high-speed,large-scale analog signal processing.To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach,we present two distinct photonic systems:a 4×4 wavelength routing system for balanced transmission of four-channel NRZ/PAM-4 signals and an optical neural network that achieves a recognition accuracy of 96.2%.Additionally,our system demonstrates a reconfiguration speed of 30 ms and scalability to a 56×56 port network with 2000 MZI units.This work provides a groundbreaking theoretical framework and paves the way for scalable,high-speed analog signal processing in large-scale programmable PICs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61401204)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30916011319)+1 种基金the Technology Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BY2015004-03)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(1501104C)
文摘Two improved structures of high resolution digital pulse width modulator(DPWM) control circuit are proposed. Embedded digital clock manager(DCM) blocks and digital programmable delay circuits are employed as the basic resources to construct the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)-based DPWM implementations. Detailed schemes are illustrated and the circuits have been successfully implemented on the Artix-7 FPGA device developed by Xilinx. Experimental results show that when the basic clock operates at the frequency of 200 MHz, the resolutions of the two approaches can reach 625 ps and 500 ps, respectively. Besides,the presented schemes possess other merits including flexible resolution, strong versatility and relatively good stability.
基金Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology(GG-11/15/2020/EMCD)。
文摘A programmable silicon photonic multiband microwave filter with tunable bandwidths has been demonstrated.The filter has been successfully used to set up a radio-over-fiber link operating in the X-band as a proof of concept.For this purpose,we have investigated the programmable photonic integrated circuit comprising 14 tunable balanced Mach–Zehnder interferometers designed into a square mesh architecture and fabricated using CMOS-compatible silicon photonic technology.
文摘A broadband programmable gain amplifier（PGA） with a small gain step and low gain error has been designed in 0.13 m CMOS technology. The PGA was implemented with open-loop architecture to provide wide bandwidth. A two-stage gain control method, which consists of a resistor ladder attenuator and an active fine gain control stage, provides the small gain step. A look-up table based gain control method is introduced in the fine gain control stage to lower the gain error.The proposedPGAshows a decibel-linear variable gainfrom4 to20 dB with a gain step of 0.1 dB and a gain error less than˙0.05 dB. The 3-dB bandwidth and maximum IIP3 are 3.8 GHz and 17 dBm, respectively.
文摘By combining substrate-side,phase-cancelling reflection with monolayer graphene reconfigured as nanoscale tunable lateral capacitors within metasurface unit cells,terahertz amplitude modulation exceeding 40 dB at around 2 THz with 30 MHz reconfiguration speed is demonstrated under solid-state,room-temperature conditions.The design provides a scalable and practical platform for high-speed,large-dynamic-range terahertz communications,real-time imaging,and programmable photonic circuits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62275029, 61935003, and 62021005)。
文摘Fabrication imperfections must be considered during the configuration of programmable photonic integrated circuits(PPICs). Therefore, characterization of imperfections is crucial but challenging, especially for PPICs based on recirculating waveguide meshes. In this Letter, we propose a characterization method based on an optimization method assisted by a step-by-step parameter space reduction technique, capable of greatly broadening the range of characterized parameters compared to existing methods. Our method ensures precise characterization, enabling the modeling of defective meshes with an error of 0.35 dB. Furthermore, the method was tested under various scenarios to evaluate its stability and robustness. Finally, we applied our method to implement six different types of finite/infinite impulse response(FIR/IIR) filters to demonstrate its effective application in off-chip configuration.
文摘In recent years,quantum computing has made significant strides,particularly in light-based technology.The introduction of quantum photonic chips has ushered in an era marked by scalability,stability,and cost-effectiveness,paving the way for innovative possibilities within compact footprints.This article provides a comprehensive exploration of photonic quantum computing,covering key aspects such as encoding information in photons,the merits of photonic qubits,and essential photonic device components including light squeezers,quantum light sources,interferometers,photodetectors,and wave-guides.The article also examines photonic quantum communication and internet,and its implications for secure systems,detailing implementations such as quantum key distribution and long-distance communication.Emerging trends in quantum communication and essential reconfigurable elements for advancing photonic quantum internet are discussed.The review further navigates the path towards establishing scalable and fault-tolerant photonic quantum computers,highlighting quantum computational advantages achieved using photons.Additionally,the discussion extends to programmable photonic circuits,integrated photonics and transformative applications.Lastly,the review addresses prospects,implications,and challenges in photonic quantum computing,offering valuable insights into current advancements and promising future directions in this technology.
