Background Compared to many other vertebrates,chickens have a high reproductive efficiency in terms of egg production.The classic traits for evaluating egg-laying performance include age at first egg,egg number,clutch...Background Compared to many other vertebrates,chickens have a high reproductive efficiency in terms of egg production.The classic traits for evaluating egg-laying performance include age at first egg,egg number,clutch size,laying rate,etc.These egg-laying traits were not specifically designed to characterize egg production efficiency and stability.By considering the stage-specific variations in the egg production curve,this study aims to investigate the genetic mechanisms that directly influence the efficiency of egg production at each stage of the laying cycle.Results Using whole-genome sequencing data,we perform comprehensive genome-wide association study for 39 traits that focus on egg production efficiency and stability in the Gushi chicken.We showed that the haplotype-based approach is more effective for genetic mapping and capturing polygenic architecture.By combining the signals of Singleton Density Score(SDS),which is a population-genetic statistic designed to detect recent selection by leveraging the distribution of singletons,and association analyses,multiple egg-laying traits related to egg production efficiency were found to have experienced polygenic selection.Consistently,functional analysis of associated genes demonstrates that egg production efficiency benefits from multiple physiological functions.Furthermore,our results identified the CNNM2 gene,known for its role in magnesium homeostasis,plays a dual role in egg production variance,promoting variability during the up-stage while reducing it during the sustained-stage to optimize egg production efficiency.Conclusions Collectively,our multiple genome analyses reveal a complex genetic mechanism underlying more efficient and stable egg production,and establish chicken genetics as a model for studying reproductive efficiency across species.展开更多
In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for peo...In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for people’s production and life,require high attention from industry insiders in terms of their energy efficiency testing.Relying on energy efficiency testing can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction,and related quality control technologies will also inject new momentum into the green development of the industry.This article will discuss the practical strategies of quality control technology for energy efficiency testing of electronic and electrical products based on the significance of such testing,hoping to provide some help.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to study heterosis of N use efficiency for grain production （NUEg） of Brassica napus L. and provide theoretical basis for breeding N-efficient cultivars. [Method]Dry matter production and N co...[Objective]The aim was to study heterosis of N use efficiency for grain production （NUEg） of Brassica napus L. and provide theoretical basis for breeding N-efficient cultivars. [Method]Dry matter production and N content of six B.napus parents （Zheshuang 3,Yangyou 7,ZJ1,Shilijia,Ningyou 14 and Huyou 16） and their F1 combinations from 6 × 6 complete diallel cross in maturity stage under two N levels were measured; heterosis of NUEg,combining ability and heritability size were analyzed and calculated. [Result]The results showed that NUEg has obvious heterosis; combining ability variance analysis indicated that NUEg was mainly controlled by additive,dominant and cytoplasmic effects; genetic variance analysis showed that additive effects and dominance effects were all significant in low nitrogen fertilizer and dominance effects were significant in high nitrogen fertilizer. [Conclusion]NUEg of B.napus has obvious heterosis.展开更多
It is aimed to investigate the efficiency of nitrogen gas cooling which is used in aluminium extrusion mold in this study. The exit temperature of extrusion profile increases depending on heat generated by friction an...It is aimed to investigate the efficiency of nitrogen gas cooling which is used in aluminium extrusion mold in this study. The exit temperature of extrusion profile increases depending on heat generated by friction and forming. This situation can cause to surface defects such as hot cracks and grain thickening after extrusion process. Cooling of the mold has a critical role in terms of dissipating heat close to the forming zone. Local internal cooling experiments were performed in the hot aluminium extrusion mold within the scope of this study. It has been obtained that exit temperature of the aluminium extrusion profile can be significantly reduced in experimental results. Also it was found that the reduction of press time (s) and increase of press speed (mm/s). This paper focuses the effect of nitrogen gas cooling on extrusion mold for process efficiency. The extrusion parameters were performed for comparative analysis. Its obtained that process ensures efficiency.展开更多
This study examines the technical efficiency(TE) differences among typical cropping systems of smallholder farmers in the purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China.Household-,plot-,and crop-level data and commu...This study examines the technical efficiency(TE) differences among typical cropping systems of smallholder farmers in the purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China.Household-,plot-,and crop-level data and community surveys were conducted to explore TE levels and determinants of typical cropping systems by using a translog stochastic frontier production function.Results indicate significant difference in TE and its determinants among cropping systems.The mean TEs of the rice cropping system(R),the rice-rape cropping system(RR),the rice-rape-potato cropping system(RRP),and the oil cropping system(O) are0.86,0.90,0.84,and 0.85,respectively,which are over 1.17 times higher than those of the maize-sweet potato-other crop cropping system(MSO) and the maize-sweet potato-wheat cropping system(MSW) at0.78 and 0.69,respectively.Moreover,Technical inefficiency(TIE) of different cropping systems is significantly affected by characteristics of the household as well as plot.However,the impact of land quality,mechanical cultivation conditions,crop structure,farming system,farm radius,household type,cultivated land area per capita,and annual household income per capitalon TIE vary by cropping system.Additionally,output elasticity of land,labor,and capital,as a group,is greater than the one of agricultural machinery and irrigation.Finally,when household-owned effective agricultural labor is at full farming capacity,optimal plot sizes for the R,RR,RRP,MSO,MSW,and 0 cropping systems are 1.12hm^2,0.35 hm^2,0.25 hm^2,2.82 hm^2,1.87 hm^2,and 1.17hm^2,respectively.展开更多
China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-p...China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas has become the fundamental way to strengthen the grain production capacity and improve the national food security capability,and to improve the efficiency of grain production in major grain-producing areas requires empirical support.This paper used the Super SBM model and the Malmquist index to measure the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas from 2001 to 2020 from both static and dynamic perspectives,and compared the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas.The results showed that from 2001 to 2020,the grain production in the main grain-producing areas was in a relatively ineffective state,and the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas were obvious.The order of grain production efficiency in different soil types was black soil region>red-yellow soil region>paddy soil region>fluvo-aquic soil region,and the order of grain production efficiency of the provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Inner Mongolia>Jiangxi>Hunan>Sichuan>Hubei>Jiangsu>Liaoning>Henan>Anhui>Shandong>Hebei.From 2001 to 2020,the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas increased,but due to the trade-off between the technological progress and the growth of technical efficiency,the increase in the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas was small,and the growth mainly came from the increase of input factors in this period.The total factor productivity of grain in Hebei,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and Anhui increased,but the increase was small,while the total factor productivity of grain in Jiangxi,Sichuan,Hunan and Hubei provinces declined.展开更多
In response to the strategic call for the " Great Protection" of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and to fulfill the important historical tasks assigned by the state to the provinces and cities of the area,th...In response to the strategic call for the " Great Protection" of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and to fulfill the important historical tasks assigned by the state to the provinces and cities of the area,the Yangtze River Economic Belt is adjusting the agricultural industry structure,optimizing the input-output ratio,and ensuring stable and sustainable agricultural production. Based on the combination of the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis( DEA) model and cluster analysis,this study examined the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2018 to measure its agricultural production efficiency and to analyze its temporal and spatial characteristics. Studies showed that exogenous environmental factors significantly( P < 5%) impacted agricultural production efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,and there were temporal and spatial differences. These included:(1) after excluding environmental factors,the overall agricultural production efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Zone had improved. Sichuan Province and Jiangsu Province were at the forefront of efficiency,whereas the agricultural production efficiency of Shanghai had declined obviously.(2) The agricultural production efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt varied year by year,with fluctuating development. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River had advanced agricultural production efficiency more than the upstream and downstream regions,and the agricultural production efficiency of the individual provinces did not match their economic and social development.(3) Increases in labor,land,irrigation,and other input factors increased agriculture production efficiency,and there was no correlation between fiscal investment,per capita gross domestic product( GDP) and agricultural production efficiency,while the disaster-affected area had a significantly negative impact on agricultural production efficiency.展开更多
The increased production efficiency of heat treatable A1 alloys, as the result of applied electromagnetic field during continuous casting process was investigated. The applied frequency of the electromagnetic field （...The increased production efficiency of heat treatable A1 alloys, as the result of applied electromagnetic field during continuous casting process was investigated. The applied frequency of the electromagnetic field （EMF） during the AI alloys continuous casting was changing from 30 Hz to 50 Hz, while some castings were obtained without the EMF influence. The mechanical characterization of continuous casted AI alloys EN AW 2007 and En AW 2024 was done on testing machine Zwick/Roell Z 100. The microstructure of as-cast samples was examined, as well. When the frequency decreases （from 50 Hz to 30 Hz）, the grain size decreases as well, what is noticeable through the finer microstructure and its uniformity throughout the cross-section. These results have shown that low frequency electromagnetic field significantly influenced the microstructure and therefore the mechanical properties of as cast ingots. Thus, through improved castings quality, operation time and energy savings, the production efficiency was increased.展开更多
After the 2001 economic crisis, the banking sector restructuring program （BSRP） has been designed for the establishment of a stronger financial framework and the improvement of competition in the Turkish banking sec...After the 2001 economic crisis, the banking sector restructuring program （BSRP） has been designed for the establishment of a stronger financial framework and the improvement of competition in the Turkish banking sector. The program constitutes the policies for solving specific problems such as the mismanaged assets of some banks and the recovery of regulating and supervising of the sector. This study aims to analyze the efficiency and productivity changes in the Turkish banking sector during 2002-2009. During this period the Banking Sector Restructuring Program has been applied. The data envolepment analysis （DEA） is conducted for the efficiency measurement under the production and intermediation approaches and it is observed that the efficiency of banks increased for both approaches. The mean efficiency values for the intermediation approach are higher than the values for the production approach, indicating a better functioning in financial intermediation as compared to their operational performance. The Malmquist index based on the intermediation approach is calculated to determine the productivity of the banking sector. It is observed that the productivity of banks increased during the period and the increase resulted mainly from investments in technology.展开更多
Based on the non-radial super-efficiency SBM model,the technical efficiency of forestry production in 30 provinces(municipalities,autonomous regions)across the country was measured from 2004 to 2018,and the Makov chai...Based on the non-radial super-efficiency SBM model,the technical efficiency of forestry production in 30 provinces(municipalities,autonomous regions)across the country was measured from 2004 to 2018,and the Makov chain was introduced to analyze the evolution trend.The research found that:The average PTE of China's forestry from 2004 to 2018 was 0.516,and the overall level was not high;regional imbalances were prominent,showing a distribution pattern of"high in the south and low in the north"and"high in the east and low in the west".Regions with low and high levels of Forestry PTE have certain characteristics of"path dependence".in the long run,Forestry PTE growth will face greater pressure.展开更多
With the rapid development of the new energy automotive industry,the enhancement of lithium battery performance and production efficiency has become critical.This article explores the application of artificial intelli...With the rapid development of the new energy automotive industry,the enhancement of lithium battery performance and production efficiency has become critical.This article explores the application of artificial intelligence technology in the lithium battery module PACK line,analyzing how it optimizes the production process and improves production efficiency,and predicts future development trends.The PACK line is an important link in battery manufacturing,involving complex processes such as cell sorting,welding,assembly and testing.The application of AI technology in image recognition,data analysis and predictive maintenance provides new solutions for the intelligent upgrading of the PACK line.This article describes the process of the PACK line in detail,analyzes the challenges under current technological levels,and reviews the application cases of AI technology in the manufacturing industry.The study aims to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the intelligent development of lithium battery module PACK lines,discussing the integration of AI technology,its actual performance,technical challenges,and solutions.It is expected that AI technology will play a greater role in the PACK line,and future research will focus on improving the adaptability of models,developing efficient algorithms,and further integrating into the production line.展开更多
A coupled PHREEQC-MATLAB simulation approach is proposed to investigate the dynamic changes in rock porosity,gas storage capacity,formation water salinity,and reservoir temperature driven by biogeochemical interaction...A coupled PHREEQC-MATLAB simulation approach is proposed to investigate the dynamic changes in rock porosity,gas storage capacity,formation water salinity,and reservoir temperature driven by biogeochemical interactions during cyclic underground bio-methanation(UBM)of CO_(2)and H_(2),and to quantitatively examine how the evolution of these parameters influences CH_(4)production efficiency.The results indicate that during the cyclic UBM of CO_(2)-H_(2),the formation water undergoes a dynamic acid-base alternation,leading to periodic mineral dissolution and precipitation with limited impact on rock porosity.Across different mineral systems,the maximum CH_(4)production rate remains consistently around 3.6×10^(−3)mol/(L·d)in each cycle.With an increasing number of cycles,under high initial salinity conditions,the metabolic water produced by methanogens can significantly reduce the formation water salinity,gradually enhancing the CH_(4)production rate to levels comparable with those under low initial salinity.Additionally,the increased volume of produced water reduces the gas storage capacity of the reservoir.This reduction becomes more pronounced at higher initial CO_(2)-H_(2)pressures,accompanied by a more significant increase in CH_(4)production rate increment.Furthermore,the heat generated by methanogen metabolism leads to an increase in reservoir temperature,with the extent of temperature rise significantly influenced by heat loss.If the heat loss is neglected,the reservoir temperature can increase by up to 17.1℃after five cycles(10 years).When the reservoir has a higher initial temperature,the elevated thermal conditions may reduce CH_(4)production efficiency.展开更多
Through the analysis of the actual situation and process of painting industrial steel components in Hechang Company,we have modified the mixing ratio of paint,thinner,and curing agent.Additionally,we have effectively ...Through the analysis of the actual situation and process of painting industrial steel components in Hechang Company,we have modified the mixing ratio of paint,thinner,and curing agent.Additionally,we have effectively adjusted the drying time of various paint types under different seasons and temperatures.Eventually,a painting solution suitable for our company has been developed.According to this process,the painting quality has been significantly improved,costs have been saved,the labor intensity has been reduced,and production efficiency has been remarkably enhanced.展开更多
The electrocatalytic water-splitting process is widely acknowledged as the most sustainable and environmentally friendly technology for hydrogen(H2)production.However,its energy efficiency is significantly constrained...The electrocatalytic water-splitting process is widely acknowledged as the most sustainable and environmentally friendly technology for hydrogen(H2)production.However,its energy efficiency is significantly constrained by the kinetically slow oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode,which accounts for about 90%of the electrical energy consumption in the water-splitting process.A new strategy is urgently needed to reduce its energy consumption.In recent years,electrochemical oxidation of small molecules has been considered for replacement of OER for efficient H2 production,due to its benign operational conditions,low theoretical thermodynamic potential,high conversion efficiency and selectivity,and environmental sustainability.Hybrid electrolysis systems,by integrating cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction with anodic oxidation of small molecules,have been introduced,which can generate high-purity H2 and produce value-added products or pollutant degradation.In this review,we highlight the recent advancements and significant milestones achieved in hybrid water electrolysis systems.The focus is on non-noble metal electrocatalysts,reaction mechanisms,and the construction of electrolyzers.Additionally,we present the prevailing challenges and future perspectives pertinent to the evolution of this burgeoning technology.展开更多
Sensitivity encoding(SENSE)is a parallel magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reconstruction model by utilizing the sensitivity information of receiver coils to achieve image reconstruction.The existing SENSE-based reconstr...Sensitivity encoding(SENSE)is a parallel magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reconstruction model by utilizing the sensitivity information of receiver coils to achieve image reconstruction.The existing SENSE-based reconstruction algorithms usually used nonadaptive sparsifying transforms,resulting in a limited reconstruction accuracy.Therefore,we proposed a new model for accurate parallel MRI reconstruction by combining the L0 norm regularization term based on the efficient sum of outer products dictionary learning(SOUPDIL)with the SENSE model,called SOUPDIL-SENSE.The SOUPDIL-SENSE model is mainly solved by utilizing the variable splitting and alternating direction method of multipliers techniques.The experimental results on four human datasets show that the proposed algorithm effectively promotes the image sparsity,eliminates the noise and artifacts of the reconstructed images,and improves the reconstruction accuracy.展开更多
On the basis of summarizing some literatures regarding research of agricultural production efficiency by using DEA at home,we conduct empirical analysis on agricultural production efficiency in 18 cities or counties o...On the basis of summarizing some literatures regarding research of agricultural production efficiency by using DEA at home,we conduct empirical analysis on agricultural production efficiency in 18 cities or counties of Hainan Province in the year 2002,2005 and 2008 by using DEA model.The results show that in 2005 Hainan Province suffered from unusual drought and windstorm,which made the effective value of agricultural production in all cities or counties relatively low;the regions with DEA effectiveness of agricultural production in the year 2002,2005 and 2008 were Qionghai City,Tunchang County,Lingao County,Danzhou City,Qiongzhong County and Baisha County.Haikou City,Wuzhishan City and Baoting County in the year 2002,Lingshui County in the year 2005,and Sanya City and Dongfang County in the year 2008 were also regions with DEA effectiveness,indicating that the input-output of these regions in the corresponding years is in optimal state.Finally,we conduct projection analysis on six cities and counties with non-DEA effectiveness in the year 2008 in Hainan Province,and based on this,find out the approach of improving agricultural production efficiency in these regions.展开更多
Literatures about agricultural production efficiency are reviewed.Concept of DEA Method,as well as the definition methods of effective DEA and scale efficiency increase are introduced.According to the relevant statist...Literatures about agricultural production efficiency are reviewed.Concept of DEA Method,as well as the definition methods of effective DEA and scale efficiency increase are introduced.According to the relevant statistical data in the years 1997-2007 in Chongqing Municipality,efficiency of agricultural economy is calculated from the year 1997 to 2007 by DEA method and the scale efficiency is also analyzed by taking the total output of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery industry as the output index.And the input index includes total workforce in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,the total sown area of crops,the total power of agricultural machinery,chemical fertilizer application,the draft animal,and the effective irrigation area.Result shows that Chongqing City became a municipality directly under the central government;its agricultural production efficiency is still low.And the sustainable development capacity of agricultural is weak in Chongqing,and the agricultural resources are not fully used.Based on this,related suggestions are put forward to improve the agricultural production efficiency of Chongqing,such as implementing an appropriate management scale of land,improving the organization degree of peasant households and the rate of industrialization management,enhancing the quality of the rural labor force,strengthening the agricultural science and technology input and extension,perfecting the construction of rural infrastructure,and improving the rate of resource utilization.展开更多
This article analyses the agricultural production efficiency of all cities and areas in Shaanxi Province in the period 2006-2009 using data envelopment analysis method,and compares the agricultural production efficien...This article analyses the agricultural production efficiency of all cities and areas in Shaanxi Province in the period 2006-2009 using data envelopment analysis method,and compares the agricultural production efficiency between all cities and areas.The results show that the agricultural production efficiency and scale efficiency of agriculture of Shaanxi Province are high on the whole,but the efficiency of agricultural technology is very low,agricultural development still relies on factor inputs,and the driving role of technological progress is not conspicuous.Finally the following countermeasures are put forward to promote agricultural productivity in Shaanxi Province:improve the construction of agricultural infrastructure,and increase agricultural input;accelerate the project of extending agricultural technology into households,and promote the conversion and use rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements;establish and improve industrial system of agriculture,and speed up the building of various agricultural cooperative economic organizations.展开更多
Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)are important essential nutrients for plant growth and development,but their functions in energy status remains unclear.Here,we grew Nipponbare rice seedlings in a growth chamb...Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)are important essential nutrients for plant growth and development,but their functions in energy status remains unclear.Here,we grew Nipponbare rice seedlings in a growth chamber for 20 d at 30℃/24℃day/night)under natural sunlight conditions with different nutrient regimes.The results showed that N had the strongest influence on the plant growth and development,followed by P and K.The highest nonstructural carbohydrate content,dry matter weight,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),ATP content,as well as NADH dehydrogenase,cytochrome oxidase and ATPase activities were found in the plants that received sufficient N,P and K.The lowest values of these parameters were detected in the N-deficient plants.Higher dry matter accumulation was observed in the K-deficient than in the P-deficient treatments,but there was no significant difference in the ratio of respiration rate to Pn between these two treatments,suggesting that differences in energy production efficiency may have accounted for this result.This hypothesis was confirmed by higher ATP contents and activities of NADH dehydrogenase,cytochrome oxidase and ATPase in the K-deficient plants than in the P-deficient plants.We therefore inferred different abilities in energy production efficiency among N,P and K in rice seedlings,which determined rice plant growth and development.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1000204 and 2021YFD1200803).
文摘Background Compared to many other vertebrates,chickens have a high reproductive efficiency in terms of egg production.The classic traits for evaluating egg-laying performance include age at first egg,egg number,clutch size,laying rate,etc.These egg-laying traits were not specifically designed to characterize egg production efficiency and stability.By considering the stage-specific variations in the egg production curve,this study aims to investigate the genetic mechanisms that directly influence the efficiency of egg production at each stage of the laying cycle.Results Using whole-genome sequencing data,we perform comprehensive genome-wide association study for 39 traits that focus on egg production efficiency and stability in the Gushi chicken.We showed that the haplotype-based approach is more effective for genetic mapping and capturing polygenic architecture.By combining the signals of Singleton Density Score(SDS),which is a population-genetic statistic designed to detect recent selection by leveraging the distribution of singletons,and association analyses,multiple egg-laying traits related to egg production efficiency were found to have experienced polygenic selection.Consistently,functional analysis of associated genes demonstrates that egg production efficiency benefits from multiple physiological functions.Furthermore,our results identified the CNNM2 gene,known for its role in magnesium homeostasis,plays a dual role in egg production variance,promoting variability during the up-stage while reducing it during the sustained-stage to optimize egg production efficiency.Conclusions Collectively,our multiple genome analyses reveal a complex genetic mechanism underlying more efficient and stable egg production,and establish chicken genetics as a model for studying reproductive efficiency across species.
文摘In the current social environment,the importance of energy conservation and emission reduction is increasing day by day for both the country and its people.Electronic and electrical products,as important items for people’s production and life,require high attention from industry insiders in terms of their energy efficiency testing.Relying on energy efficiency testing can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction,and related quality control technologies will also inject new momentum into the green development of the industry.This article will discuss the practical strategies of quality control technology for energy efficiency testing of electronic and electrical products based on the significance of such testing,hoping to provide some help.
基金Supported by Agricultural Science &Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(BE2008369)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study heterosis of N use efficiency for grain production （NUEg） of Brassica napus L. and provide theoretical basis for breeding N-efficient cultivars. [Method]Dry matter production and N content of six B.napus parents （Zheshuang 3,Yangyou 7,ZJ1,Shilijia,Ningyou 14 and Huyou 16） and their F1 combinations from 6 × 6 complete diallel cross in maturity stage under two N levels were measured; heterosis of NUEg,combining ability and heritability size were analyzed and calculated. [Result]The results showed that NUEg has obvious heterosis; combining ability variance analysis indicated that NUEg was mainly controlled by additive,dominant and cytoplasmic effects; genetic variance analysis showed that additive effects and dominance effects were all significant in low nitrogen fertilizer and dominance effects were significant in high nitrogen fertilizer. [Conclusion]NUEg of B.napus has obvious heterosis.
文摘It is aimed to investigate the efficiency of nitrogen gas cooling which is used in aluminium extrusion mold in this study. The exit temperature of extrusion profile increases depending on heat generated by friction and forming. This situation can cause to surface defects such as hot cracks and grain thickening after extrusion process. Cooling of the mold has a critical role in terms of dissipating heat close to the forming zone. Local internal cooling experiments were performed in the hot aluminium extrusion mold within the scope of this study. It has been obtained that exit temperature of the aluminium extrusion profile can be significantly reduced in experimental results. Also it was found that the reduction of press time (s) and increase of press speed (mm/s). This paper focuses the effect of nitrogen gas cooling on extrusion mold for process efficiency. The extrusion parameters were performed for comparative analysis. Its obtained that process ensures efficiency.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41501104)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2013BAJ11B02,2013BAJ11B02-03)+1 种基金the Basic and Frontier Research Project of Chongqing Science &Technology Commission (Grant No.cstc2015jcyj A80025)the Science and technology research project of Chongqing Education Committee (Grant No.KJ1500336)
文摘This study examines the technical efficiency(TE) differences among typical cropping systems of smallholder farmers in the purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China.Household-,plot-,and crop-level data and community surveys were conducted to explore TE levels and determinants of typical cropping systems by using a translog stochastic frontier production function.Results indicate significant difference in TE and its determinants among cropping systems.The mean TEs of the rice cropping system(R),the rice-rape cropping system(RR),the rice-rape-potato cropping system(RRP),and the oil cropping system(O) are0.86,0.90,0.84,and 0.85,respectively,which are over 1.17 times higher than those of the maize-sweet potato-other crop cropping system(MSO) and the maize-sweet potato-wheat cropping system(MSW) at0.78 and 0.69,respectively.Moreover,Technical inefficiency(TIE) of different cropping systems is significantly affected by characteristics of the household as well as plot.However,the impact of land quality,mechanical cultivation conditions,crop structure,farming system,farm radius,household type,cultivated land area per capita,and annual household income per capitalon TIE vary by cropping system.Additionally,output elasticity of land,labor,and capital,as a group,is greater than the one of agricultural machinery and irrigation.Finally,when household-owned effective agricultural labor is at full farming capacity,optimal plot sizes for the R,RR,RRP,MSO,MSW,and 0 cropping systems are 1.12hm^2,0.35 hm^2,0.25 hm^2,2.82 hm^2,1.87 hm^2,and 1.17hm^2,respectively.
基金Supported by Science of China University Journals(CUJS2021-027)China Agricultural Journals Website 2021(CAJW2021-033)。
文摘China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas has become the fundamental way to strengthen the grain production capacity and improve the national food security capability,and to improve the efficiency of grain production in major grain-producing areas requires empirical support.This paper used the Super SBM model and the Malmquist index to measure the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas from 2001 to 2020 from both static and dynamic perspectives,and compared the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas.The results showed that from 2001 to 2020,the grain production in the main grain-producing areas was in a relatively ineffective state,and the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas were obvious.The order of grain production efficiency in different soil types was black soil region>red-yellow soil region>paddy soil region>fluvo-aquic soil region,and the order of grain production efficiency of the provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Inner Mongolia>Jiangxi>Hunan>Sichuan>Hubei>Jiangsu>Liaoning>Henan>Anhui>Shandong>Hebei.From 2001 to 2020,the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas increased,but due to the trade-off between the technological progress and the growth of technical efficiency,the increase in the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas was small,and the growth mainly came from the increase of input factors in this period.The total factor productivity of grain in Hebei,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and Anhui increased,but the increase was small,while the total factor productivity of grain in Jiangxi,Sichuan,Hunan and Hubei provinces declined.
基金Supported by the Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project (Class A)of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA23020101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41801129)。
文摘In response to the strategic call for the " Great Protection" of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and to fulfill the important historical tasks assigned by the state to the provinces and cities of the area,the Yangtze River Economic Belt is adjusting the agricultural industry structure,optimizing the input-output ratio,and ensuring stable and sustainable agricultural production. Based on the combination of the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis( DEA) model and cluster analysis,this study examined the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2018 to measure its agricultural production efficiency and to analyze its temporal and spatial characteristics. Studies showed that exogenous environmental factors significantly( P < 5%) impacted agricultural production efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,and there were temporal and spatial differences. These included:(1) after excluding environmental factors,the overall agricultural production efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Zone had improved. Sichuan Province and Jiangsu Province were at the forefront of efficiency,whereas the agricultural production efficiency of Shanghai had declined obviously.(2) The agricultural production efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt varied year by year,with fluctuating development. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River had advanced agricultural production efficiency more than the upstream and downstream regions,and the agricultural production efficiency of the individual provinces did not match their economic and social development.(3) Increases in labor,land,irrigation,and other input factors increased agriculture production efficiency,and there was no correlation between fiscal investment,per capita gross domestic product( GDP) and agricultural production efficiency,while the disaster-affected area had a significantly negative impact on agricultural production efficiency.
文摘The increased production efficiency of heat treatable A1 alloys, as the result of applied electromagnetic field during continuous casting process was investigated. The applied frequency of the electromagnetic field （EMF） during the AI alloys continuous casting was changing from 30 Hz to 50 Hz, while some castings were obtained without the EMF influence. The mechanical characterization of continuous casted AI alloys EN AW 2007 and En AW 2024 was done on testing machine Zwick/Roell Z 100. The microstructure of as-cast samples was examined, as well. When the frequency decreases （from 50 Hz to 30 Hz）, the grain size decreases as well, what is noticeable through the finer microstructure and its uniformity throughout the cross-section. These results have shown that low frequency electromagnetic field significantly influenced the microstructure and therefore the mechanical properties of as cast ingots. Thus, through improved castings quality, operation time and energy savings, the production efficiency was increased.
文摘After the 2001 economic crisis, the banking sector restructuring program （BSRP） has been designed for the establishment of a stronger financial framework and the improvement of competition in the Turkish banking sector. The program constitutes the policies for solving specific problems such as the mismanaged assets of some banks and the recovery of regulating and supervising of the sector. This study aims to analyze the efficiency and productivity changes in the Turkish banking sector during 2002-2009. During this period the Banking Sector Restructuring Program has been applied. The data envolepment analysis （DEA） is conducted for the efficiency measurement under the production and intermediation approaches and it is observed that the efficiency of banks increased for both approaches. The mean efficiency values for the intermediation approach are higher than the values for the production approach, indicating a better functioning in financial intermediation as compared to their operational performance. The Malmquist index based on the intermediation approach is calculated to determine the productivity of the banking sector. It is observed that the productivity of banks increased during the period and the increase resulted mainly from investments in technology.
文摘Based on the non-radial super-efficiency SBM model,the technical efficiency of forestry production in 30 provinces(municipalities,autonomous regions)across the country was measured from 2004 to 2018,and the Makov chain was introduced to analyze the evolution trend.The research found that:The average PTE of China's forestry from 2004 to 2018 was 0.516,and the overall level was not high;regional imbalances were prominent,showing a distribution pattern of"high in the south and low in the north"and"high in the east and low in the west".Regions with low and high levels of Forestry PTE have certain characteristics of"path dependence".in the long run,Forestry PTE growth will face greater pressure.
文摘With the rapid development of the new energy automotive industry,the enhancement of lithium battery performance and production efficiency has become critical.This article explores the application of artificial intelligence technology in the lithium battery module PACK line,analyzing how it optimizes the production process and improves production efficiency,and predicts future development trends.The PACK line is an important link in battery manufacturing,involving complex processes such as cell sorting,welding,assembly and testing.The application of AI technology in image recognition,data analysis and predictive maintenance provides new solutions for the intelligent upgrading of the PACK line.This article describes the process of the PACK line in detail,analyzes the challenges under current technological levels,and reviews the application cases of AI technology in the manufacturing industry.The study aims to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the intelligent development of lithium battery module PACK lines,discussing the integration of AI technology,its actual performance,technical challenges,and solutions.It is expected that AI technology will play a greater role in the PACK line,and future research will focus on improving the adaptability of models,developing efficient algorithms,and further integrating into the production line.
基金Supported by the Horizon Europe Program(101129729)Sichuan Haiju Plan Project(2024JDHJ0012)China Scholarship Council Project(202208080058).
文摘A coupled PHREEQC-MATLAB simulation approach is proposed to investigate the dynamic changes in rock porosity,gas storage capacity,formation water salinity,and reservoir temperature driven by biogeochemical interactions during cyclic underground bio-methanation(UBM)of CO_(2)and H_(2),and to quantitatively examine how the evolution of these parameters influences CH_(4)production efficiency.The results indicate that during the cyclic UBM of CO_(2)-H_(2),the formation water undergoes a dynamic acid-base alternation,leading to periodic mineral dissolution and precipitation with limited impact on rock porosity.Across different mineral systems,the maximum CH_(4)production rate remains consistently around 3.6×10^(−3)mol/(L·d)in each cycle.With an increasing number of cycles,under high initial salinity conditions,the metabolic water produced by methanogens can significantly reduce the formation water salinity,gradually enhancing the CH_(4)production rate to levels comparable with those under low initial salinity.Additionally,the increased volume of produced water reduces the gas storage capacity of the reservoir.This reduction becomes more pronounced at higher initial CO_(2)-H_(2)pressures,accompanied by a more significant increase in CH_(4)production rate increment.Furthermore,the heat generated by methanogen metabolism leads to an increase in reservoir temperature,with the extent of temperature rise significantly influenced by heat loss.If the heat loss is neglected,the reservoir temperature can increase by up to 17.1℃after five cycles(10 years).When the reservoir has a higher initial temperature,the elevated thermal conditions may reduce CH_(4)production efficiency.
文摘Through the analysis of the actual situation and process of painting industrial steel components in Hechang Company,we have modified the mixing ratio of paint,thinner,and curing agent.Additionally,we have effectively adjusted the drying time of various paint types under different seasons and temperatures.Eventually,a painting solution suitable for our company has been developed.According to this process,the painting quality has been significantly improved,costs have been saved,the labor intensity has been reduced,and production efficiency has been remarkably enhanced.
基金Entrepreneurial and innovative team project of Ningbo Yinzhou District,Grant/Award Number:X.W.National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22379047Talent research start-up project of Zhejiang Wanli University,Grant/Award Number:SC1032345280480。
文摘The electrocatalytic water-splitting process is widely acknowledged as the most sustainable and environmentally friendly technology for hydrogen(H2)production.However,its energy efficiency is significantly constrained by the kinetically slow oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode,which accounts for about 90%of the electrical energy consumption in the water-splitting process.A new strategy is urgently needed to reduce its energy consumption.In recent years,electrochemical oxidation of small molecules has been considered for replacement of OER for efficient H2 production,due to its benign operational conditions,low theoretical thermodynamic potential,high conversion efficiency and selectivity,and environmental sustainability.Hybrid electrolysis systems,by integrating cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction with anodic oxidation of small molecules,have been introduced,which can generate high-purity H2 and produce value-added products or pollutant degradation.In this review,we highlight the recent advancements and significant milestones achieved in hybrid water electrolysis systems.The focus is on non-noble metal electrocatalysts,reaction mechanisms,and the construction of electrolyzers.Additionally,we present the prevailing challenges and future perspectives pertinent to the evolution of this burgeoning technology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61861023)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(No.202301AT070452)。
文摘Sensitivity encoding(SENSE)is a parallel magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reconstruction model by utilizing the sensitivity information of receiver coils to achieve image reconstruction.The existing SENSE-based reconstruction algorithms usually used nonadaptive sparsifying transforms,resulting in a limited reconstruction accuracy.Therefore,we proposed a new model for accurate parallel MRI reconstruction by combining the L0 norm regularization term based on the efficient sum of outer products dictionary learning(SOUPDIL)with the SENSE model,called SOUPDIL-SENSE.The SOUPDIL-SENSE model is mainly solved by utilizing the variable splitting and alternating direction method of multipliers techniques.The experimental results on four human datasets show that the proposed algorithm effectively promotes the image sparsity,eliminates the noise and artifacts of the reconstructed images,and improves the reconstruction accuracy.
文摘On the basis of summarizing some literatures regarding research of agricultural production efficiency by using DEA at home,we conduct empirical analysis on agricultural production efficiency in 18 cities or counties of Hainan Province in the year 2002,2005 and 2008 by using DEA model.The results show that in 2005 Hainan Province suffered from unusual drought and windstorm,which made the effective value of agricultural production in all cities or counties relatively low;the regions with DEA effectiveness of agricultural production in the year 2002,2005 and 2008 were Qionghai City,Tunchang County,Lingao County,Danzhou City,Qiongzhong County and Baisha County.Haikou City,Wuzhishan City and Baoting County in the year 2002,Lingshui County in the year 2005,and Sanya City and Dongfang County in the year 2008 were also regions with DEA effectiveness,indicating that the input-output of these regions in the corresponding years is in optimal state.Finally,we conduct projection analysis on six cities and counties with non-DEA effectiveness in the year 2008 in Hainan Province,and based on this,find out the approach of improving agricultural production efficiency in these regions.
文摘Literatures about agricultural production efficiency are reviewed.Concept of DEA Method,as well as the definition methods of effective DEA and scale efficiency increase are introduced.According to the relevant statistical data in the years 1997-2007 in Chongqing Municipality,efficiency of agricultural economy is calculated from the year 1997 to 2007 by DEA method and the scale efficiency is also analyzed by taking the total output of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery industry as the output index.And the input index includes total workforce in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,the total sown area of crops,the total power of agricultural machinery,chemical fertilizer application,the draft animal,and the effective irrigation area.Result shows that Chongqing City became a municipality directly under the central government;its agricultural production efficiency is still low.And the sustainable development capacity of agricultural is weak in Chongqing,and the agricultural resources are not fully used.Based on this,related suggestions are put forward to improve the agricultural production efficiency of Chongqing,such as implementing an appropriate management scale of land,improving the organization degree of peasant households and the rate of industrialization management,enhancing the quality of the rural labor force,strengthening the agricultural science and technology input and extension,perfecting the construction of rural infrastructure,and improving the rate of resource utilization.
基金Supported by Science and Research Foundation of Xianyang Normal University(08XSYK107)
文摘This article analyses the agricultural production efficiency of all cities and areas in Shaanxi Province in the period 2006-2009 using data envelopment analysis method,and compares the agricultural production efficiency between all cities and areas.The results show that the agricultural production efficiency and scale efficiency of agriculture of Shaanxi Province are high on the whole,but the efficiency of agricultural technology is very low,agricultural development still relies on factor inputs,and the driving role of technological progress is not conspicuous.Finally the following countermeasures are put forward to promote agricultural productivity in Shaanxi Province:improve the construction of agricultural infrastructure,and increase agricultural input;accelerate the project of extending agricultural technology into households,and promote the conversion and use rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements;establish and improve industrial system of agriculture,and speed up the building of various agricultural cooperative economic organizations.
基金This study was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant Nos.LY19C130006 and LY20C130011)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China(Grant No.20190403)+1 种基金the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01)and the Central Public Interest Research Institute Special Fund in China(Grant No.2017RG004-1).
文摘Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)are important essential nutrients for plant growth and development,but their functions in energy status remains unclear.Here,we grew Nipponbare rice seedlings in a growth chamber for 20 d at 30℃/24℃day/night)under natural sunlight conditions with different nutrient regimes.The results showed that N had the strongest influence on the plant growth and development,followed by P and K.The highest nonstructural carbohydrate content,dry matter weight,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),ATP content,as well as NADH dehydrogenase,cytochrome oxidase and ATPase activities were found in the plants that received sufficient N,P and K.The lowest values of these parameters were detected in the N-deficient plants.Higher dry matter accumulation was observed in the K-deficient than in the P-deficient treatments,but there was no significant difference in the ratio of respiration rate to Pn between these two treatments,suggesting that differences in energy production efficiency may have accounted for this result.This hypothesis was confirmed by higher ATP contents and activities of NADH dehydrogenase,cytochrome oxidase and ATPase in the K-deficient plants than in the P-deficient plants.We therefore inferred different abilities in energy production efficiency among N,P and K in rice seedlings,which determined rice plant growth and development.
