Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network act...Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.展开更多
The pore structure images of ore particles located at different heights of leaching column were scanned with X-ray computerized tomography (CT) scanner, the porosity and pore size distribution were calculated and the ...The pore structure images of ore particles located at different heights of leaching column were scanned with X-ray computerized tomography (CT) scanner, the porosity and pore size distribution were calculated and the geometrical shape and connectivity of pores were analyzed based on image process method, and the three dimensional reconstruction of pore structure images was realized. The results show that the porosity of ore particles bed in leaching column is 42.92%, 41.72%, 39.34% at top, middle and bottom zone, respectively. Obviously it has spatial variability and decreases appreciably along the height of the column. The overall average porosity obtained by image processing is 41.33% while the porosity gotten from general measurement method in laboratory is 42.77% showing the results of both methods are consistent well. The pore structure of ore granular media is characterized as a dynamical space network composed of interconnected pore bodies and pore throats. The ratio of throats with equivalent diameter less than 1.91 mm to the total pores is 29.31%, and that of the large pores with equivalent diameter more than 5.73 mm is 2.90%.展开更多
Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy with fine-grainedβphases was fabricated by friction stir processing with opti-mized processing parameters.The superplastic behavior of the specimens was investigated by tensile deformation at dif...Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy with fine-grainedβphases was fabricated by friction stir processing with opti-mized processing parameters.The superplastic behavior of the specimens was investigated by tensile deformation at different strain rates and temperatures,and an optimal superplastic elongation of 634%was achieved at 700℃ and 3×10^(-4)/s.An annealing treatment at 650℃ for 60 min showed a mi-crostructure withαprecipitates distributed in theβmatrix in the friction stir specimen.Such pre-heat treatment improves the superplasticity of the specimen,achieving an elongation of up to 807%at 750℃ and 3×10^(-4)/s.The influences of tensile temperatures and strain rates on the microstructural evolution,such as grain size variation,grain morphology,and phase transformations,were discussed.The super-plastic deformation behavior of fine-grained Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy is controlled by grain boundary sliding and accompanied by dynamic phase transformation and recrystallization.展开更多
Constrained Friction Processing(CFP),a novel friction-based technique,has been developed to efficiently process fine-grained magnesium(Mg)rods,expanding the potential applications of biodegradable Mg alloys in medical...Constrained Friction Processing(CFP),a novel friction-based technique,has been developed to efficiently process fine-grained magnesium(Mg)rods,expanding the potential applications of biodegradable Mg alloys in medical implants.This study investigates the enhancement of mechanical properties through the implementation of multiple pass CFP(MP-CFP)in comparison to the conventional single pass CFP.The results reveal a substantial improvement in compressive yield strength(CYS),ultimate compressive strength,and failure plastic strain by 11%,28%,and 66%,respectively.A comprehensive analysis of material evolution during processing and the effects of the final microstructure on mechanical properties was conducted.The intricate material flow behavior during the final plunge stage of MP-CFP results in a reduced intensity of local basal texture and macrotexture.The diminished intensity of basal texture,combined with a low geometrical compatibility factor at the top of the rod after MP-CFP,effectively impedes slip transfer across grain boundaries.This leads to a local strain gradient along the compression direction,ultimately contributing to the observed enhancement in mechanical properties.The Mg-0.5Zn0.3Ca(wt.%)alloy,after texture modification by MP-CFP,exhibits a competitive CYS compared with other traditional methods,highlighting the promising application potential of MP-CFP.展开更多
Multimaterial digital light processing(DLP)three-dimensional(3D)printing technology provides unique advantages in the field of multi material additive manufacturing(MM AM)with its high resolution and rapid shaping cap...Multimaterial digital light processing(DLP)three-dimensional(3D)printing technology provides unique advantages in the field of multi material additive manufacturing(MM AM)with its high resolution and rapid shaping capabilities based on photopolymerization.However,owing to differences in the curing behavior and physical properties of different materials,multimaterial DLP 3D printing faces challenges such as insufficient interfacial bonding strength and unstable mechanical properties.In this study,two resins were integrated by multimaterial DLP 3D printing technology,and the effects of different layer thicknesses and exposure times on the interfacial bonding strength and morphology of the multimaterials were systematically investigated.The interfacial bonding mechanisms of the two resins was analyzed.It was found that increasing the exposure time can improve the interfacial bonding strength between materials,but certain limitations exist.A mathematical model relating the interfacial bonding strength to the exposure time and layer thickness was developed,and optimal process parameters were determined using optimization algorithms.A variable-parameter printing strategy for the interface was proposed to further improve the performance of printed parts.The maximum tensile strength of the multimaterial samples(44.43 MPa)using this strategy reached that of single-material parts(45 MPa),validating the feasibility of this strategy.This provides guidance for multimaterial DLP 3D printing processes and offers valuable insights for the future additive manufacturing of high-performance multimaterial components.展开更多
Laser powder-bed fusion(LPBF)of Zn-0.8Cu(wt.%)alloys exhibits significant advantages in the customization of biodegradable bone implants.However,the formability of LPBFed Zn alloy is not sufficient due to the spheroid...Laser powder-bed fusion(LPBF)of Zn-0.8Cu(wt.%)alloys exhibits significant advantages in the customization of biodegradable bone implants.However,the formability of LPBFed Zn alloy is not sufficient due to the spheroidization during the interaction of powder and laser beam,of which the mechanism is still not well understood.In this study,the evolution of morphology and grain structure of the LPBFed Zn-Cu alloy was investigated based on single-track deposition experiments.As the scanning speed increases,the grain structure of a single track of Zn-Cu alloy gradually refines,but the formability deteriorates,leading to the defect’s formation in the subsequent fabrication.The Zn-Cu alloys fabricated by optimum processing parameters exhibit a tensile strength of 157.13 MPa,yield strength of 106.48 MPa and elongation of 14.7%.This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the processing optimization of Zn-Cu alloy,achieving LPBFed Zn-Cu alloy with high density and excellent mechanical properties.展开更多
The imperative pursuit of elevated energy density in lithium primary coin cells(LPCCs)necessitates strategic architectural optimization to align with evolving market demands.A predominant approach involves the systema...The imperative pursuit of elevated energy density in lithium primary coin cells(LPCCs)necessitates strategic architectural optimization to align with evolving market demands.A predominant approach involves the systematic replacement of metallic structural support components(MSSCs)to minimize non-active constituent ratios,contingent upon maintaining robust interfacial contact integrity among electrodes,separators,and battery shells.Herein,we present a novel LPCC configuration employing solvent-free processed ultra-thick fluorinated carbon cathode(UCFxC)to achieve complete MSSCs elimination.The engineered UCFxC demonstrates exceptional areal capacity metrics(249.45 mg cm^(-2),215.77 m Ah cm^(-2)),enabling a 27.8% mass reduction compared with conventional laboratoryassembled coin cell while achieving 941.5% energy density enhancement through optimized electrode conductivity.Notably,single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)-modified UCFxC architectures exhibited superior performance with energy exceeding 1.0 Wh at 50℃.This architectural paradigm provides valuable insights for developing next-generation high-energy-density LPCC systems,with practical implications for advancing miniaturized power source technologies.展开更多
Interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)has been proved to be an efective method of enhancing the mechanical properties of wire arc-directed energy deposited(WA-DED)samples.However,the original deposition structure wa...Interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)has been proved to be an efective method of enhancing the mechanical properties of wire arc-directed energy deposited(WA-DED)samples.However,the original deposition structure was still retained in the FSP-WA-DED component besides the processed zone(PZ),thus forming a composite structure.Considering the material utilization and practical service process of the deposited component,more attention should be paid on this special composite structure,but the relevant investigation has not been carried out.In this study,an Al–Mg–Sc alloy was prepared by WA-DED with interlayer FSP treatment,and the composite structure was frstly investigated.Almost all of the pores were eliminated under the pressure efect from the tool shoulder.The grains were further refned with an average size of about 1.2μm in the PZ.Though no severe plastic deformation was involved in the retained WA-DED deposition zone,comparable tensile properties with the PZ sample were obtained in the composite structure.Low ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 289 MPa and elongation of 3.2%were achieved in the WA-DED sample.After interlayer FSP treatment,the UTS and elongation of the PZ samples were signifcantly increased to 443 MPa and 16.3%,while those in the composite structure remained at relatively high levels of 410 MPa and 13.5%,respectively.Meanwhile,a high fatigue strength of 180 and 130 MPa was obtained in the PZ and composite structure samples,which was clearly higher than that of the WA-DED sample(100 MPa).It is concluded that the defects in traditional WA-DED process can be eliminated in the composite structure after interlayer FSP treatment,resulting in enhanced tensile and fatigue properties,which provides an efective method of improving the mechanical properties of the WA-DED sample.展开更多
High molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS),major components of seed storage proteins in wheat,have large effects on processing quality.GLU-1 genes encode HMW-GS and their expression is mainly controlled at the tr...High molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS),major components of seed storage proteins in wheat,have large effects on processing quality.GLU-1 genes encode HMW-GS and their expression is mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by interactions between cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors.We previously identified an Aux/IAA transcription factor TaIAA10-6D that bound to a conserved cis-regulatory module CCRM1-1,the most essential conserved cis-regulatory module in GLU-1.Here,we confirmed the binding of TaIAA10-6D to CCRM1-1 using yeast one hybrid and dualluciferase reporter assays.The enhanced expression of TaIAA10-6D suppressed glutenin accumulation and increased gliadin content.Dynamic transcriptome analyses revealed that TaIAA10-6D overexpression down-regulated glutenin and gliadin genes during an early stage of grain filling,but up-regulated gliadin genes during a late stage probably by endoplasmic reticulum stress,accounting for its effect on the tradeoff between glutenin and gliadin.Rheological property and processing quality assays showed that TaIAA10-6D overproduction reduced stabilization time and bread quality,but enhanced cookie quality.Overexpression of TaIAA10-6D also reduced plant height,leaf size,kernel number and grain yield.We identified two major haplotypes of TaIAA10-6D,Hap I and Hap II,and developed a breeding-friendly diagnostic marker.Hap I conferred higher expression of TaIAA10-6D and concomitantly reduced plant height and kernel number,but had little effect on grain yield,contributing to lodging resistance without yield penalty.Hap I was subjected to positive selection in breeding.The findings provide a useful gene for wheat improvement and broaden insights into the regulatory machinery underpinning auxin-mediated quality formation,plant morphogenesis and yield gain.展开更多
The inherent trade-off between ductility and strength in Mg alloys remains a significant challenge,primarily governed by microstructural distribution and texture characteristics.Friction stir processing(FSP),a severe ...The inherent trade-off between ductility and strength in Mg alloys remains a significant challenge,primarily governed by microstructural distribution and texture characteristics.Friction stir processing(FSP),a severe plastic deformation(SPD)technique,refines microstructures by generating fine grains,uniformly dispersed fragmented particles,and a high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs),thereby facilitating superplastic forming at high strain rates and low temperatures.In the present work,a dual eccentric-pin tool(DEPT)FSP was employed to incorporate ZrO_(2) particles into a 6 mm thick AZ91D Mg alloy,leading to the formation of high volume{10-12}twins,dislocations,and β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates within the stirred zone.The microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviour of the stir zone under various process parameters were analysed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The DEPT enhanced plastic shearing and dynamic recrystallization,significantly reducing the grain size from 15.6μm to 2.35μm while promoting uniform dislocation distribution within the stir zone(SZ).Grain orientation analysis revealed a transition from basal to prismatic texture dominance(29.3% volume fraction)due to intensified radial-tangential coupling shear deformation,facilitating the activation of non-basal slip systems.The DEPT evidently improved the hardness of the SZ from 58 to 92 HV and increased tensile strength from 234 MPa to 325 MPa while maintaining an elongation of 23.8%,achieving an optimal strengthductility balance.This work presents a one-step approach for tailoring microstructural heterogeneity and enhancing mechanical properties in AZ91D/ZrO_(2) composites using the DEPT FSP technique.The method provides an effective strategy for mitigating the strength-ductility trade-off commonly observed in Mg alloys.展开更多
Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim ...Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of signifi cant,novel,and high-impact research in the fi elds of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.展开更多
Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening pa...Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening particles also deteriorates the processability and it is of great importance to establish accurate processing maps to guide the thermomechanical processes to enhance the formability.In this study,we performed particle swarm optimization-based back propagation artificial neural network model to predict the high temperature flow behavior of 0.25wt%Al2O3 particle-reinforced Cu alloys,and compared the accuracy with that of derived by Arrhenius-type constitutive model and back propagation artificial neural network model.To train these models,we obtained the raw data by fabricating ODS Cu alloys using the internal oxidation and reduction method,and conducting systematic hot compression tests between 400 and800℃with strain rates of 10^(-2)-10 S^(-1).At last,processing maps for ODS Cu alloys were proposed by combining processing parameters,mechanical behavior,microstructure characterization,and the modeling results achieved a coefficient of determination higher than>99%.展开更多
Microstructure and tensile behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy prepared by friction stir processing（FSP） were investigated.The results show that microstructure of the AZ31 hot-rolled plate with an average grain size o...Microstructure and tensile behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy prepared by friction stir processing（FSP） were investigated.The results show that microstructure of the AZ31 hot-rolled plate with an average grain size of 92.0 μm is refined to 11.4 μm after FSP.The FSP AZ31 alloy exhibits excellent plasticity at elevated temperature,with an elongation to failure of 1050% at 723 K and a strain rate of 5×10-4 s-1.The elongation of the FSP material is 268% at 723 K and 1×10-2 s-1,indicating that high strain rate superplasticity could be achieved.On the other hand,the hot-rolled base material,which has a coarse grain structure,possesses no superplasticity under the experimental conditions.展开更多
To manufacture plate by the combination of equal channel angular processing （ECAP） and porthole die extrusion techniques, a novel technique, namely portholes-equal channel angular processing （P-ECAP）, was studied....To manufacture plate by the combination of equal channel angular processing （ECAP） and porthole die extrusion techniques, a novel technique, namely portholes-equal channel angular processing （P-ECAP）, was studied. Extrusion of AL6005A plate used for the bullet train plate was investigated by finite element method. The relevant porthole dies involving ECAP technique in channels were designed. Dimensional changes in the scrap part of the extrudate obtained after extrusion from the P-ECAP die, with different channel angles, were predicted. Effects of the channel angle and extrusion speed on the maximum temperature of the workpiece and other field variables were evaluated. At the channel angle of 160° of P-ECAP dies, the extrudate exhibited the optimal performance and the least amount of extrudate scrap was obtained. The optimal extrusion speed was 3-5 mm/s. Moreover, with the increase in ram speed from 1 to 9 mm/s, the peak extrusion load increased by about 49% and the maximum temperature was increased by about 70 ℃. The effective strain exhibited ascending trend in the comer of the ECAP deformation zone. In the solder seam and the side of die bearing of extrudate, the maximum principal stresses were tensile stress.展开更多
The ultra-fine structured Ni?Al?WC layer with interlocking bonding was fabricated on austenitic stainless steel by combination of laser clad and friction stir processing (FSP). Laser was initially applied to Ni?Al ele...The ultra-fine structured Ni?Al?WC layer with interlocking bonding was fabricated on austenitic stainless steel by combination of laser clad and friction stir processing (FSP). Laser was initially applied to Ni?Al elemental powder preplaced on the austenitic stainless steel substrate to produce a coating for further processing. The as-received coating was subjected to FSP treatment, processed by a rotary tool rod made of WC?Co alloy, to obtain sample for inspection. Microstructure, phase constitutions, hardness and wear property were investigated by methods of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness test alongside with dry sliding wear test. The results show that the severe deformation effect exerted on the specimen resulted in an ultra-fine grain layer of about 100μmin thickness and grain size of 1?2μm. Synergy between introduction of WC particles to the deformation layer and deformation strengthening contributes greatly to the increase in hardness and friction resistance. An interlocking bonding between the coating and matrix which significantly improves bonding strength was formed due to the severe deformation effect.展开更多
Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and str...Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and strain rate range of 0.001? 10 s?1 with Gleeble?3500 thermal simulator system. Processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains were calculated to study the optimum processing domain. Microstructures before and after hot compressions were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Stress?strain curves indicate that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. The processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains show that the optimum processing domain is 500?550 °C, 10 s?1 for hot working. EBSD analysis demonstrates that fully dynamic recrystallization occurs in the optimum processing domain (high strainrate 10 s?1), whereas the main soften mechanism is dynamic recovery at low strain rate (0.001 s?1).展开更多
The three-dimensional （3D） processing maps considering strain based on the two-dimensional （2D） processing maps proposed by PRASAD can describe the distribution of the efficiency of power dissipation and flow inst...The three-dimensional （3D） processing maps considering strain based on the two-dimensional （2D） processing maps proposed by PRASAD can describe the distribution of the efficiency of power dissipation and flow instability regions at various temperatures, strain rates and strains, which exhibit intrinsic workability related to material itself. Finite element （FE） simulation can obtain the distribution of strain, strain rate, temperature and die filling status, which indicates state-of-stress （SOS） workability decided by die shape and different processing conditions. On the basis of this, a new material driven analysis method for hot deformation was put forward by the combination of FE simulation with 3D processing maps, which can demonstrate material workability of the entire hot deformation process including SOS workability and intrinsic workability. The hot forging process for hard-to-work metal magnesium alloy was studied, and the 3D thermomechanical FE simulation including 3D processing maps of complex hot forging spur bevel gear was first conducted. The hot forging experiments were carried out. The results show that the new method is reasonable and suitable to determine the aoorooriate nrocess narameters.展开更多
The crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, originated from Bai-zhu-shao-yao-san, are used to treat different diseases clinically. In order to evaluate the crude and pr...The crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, originated from Bai-zhu-shao-yao-san, are used to treat different diseases clinically. In order to evaluate the crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, a simple, easy, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detectors was developed for simultaneous determination of nine bioactive components in the herbal pairs. The calibration curve exhibited good linearity（r2≥0.9992）. The LODs and LOQs were ≤7.30 and 11.53 μg/m L, respectively. The intra-, inter-day and repeatability RSD values of the nine compounds were less than 3.86%, 2.71%, and 4.29%, respectively. The RSD stability values were less than 3.64%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 96.70%–102.10%, with RSD values less than 3.52%. The developed method can be applied to the intrinsic quality control of crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs.展开更多
The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The r...The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.展开更多
Hot compression tests of the extruded 7075Al/15%SiC (volume fraction) particle reinforced composite prepared by spray deposition were performed on Gleeble?1500 system in the temperature range of 300?450 °C and st...Hot compression tests of the extruded 7075Al/15%SiC (volume fraction) particle reinforced composite prepared by spray deposition were performed on Gleeble?1500 system in the temperature range of 300?450 °C and strain rate range of 0.001?1 s?1. The results indicate that the true stress?true strain curve almost exhibits rapid flow softening phenomenon without an obvious work hardening, and the stress decreases with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Moreover, the stress levels are higher at temperature below 400 °C but lower at 450 °C compared with the spray deposited 7075Al alloy. Superplastic deformation characteristics are found at temperature of 450 °C and strain rate range of 0.001?0.1 s?1 with corresponding strain rate sensitivity of 0.72. The optimum parameters of hot working are determined to be temperature of 430?450 °C and strain rate of 0.001?0.05 s?1 based on processing map and optical microstructural observation.展开更多
基金Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(YDZJ202201ZYTS640)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200400)funded by MOST+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172048 and 52103221)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QB024 and ZR2021ZD06)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012323,2023A1515010943,and 2024A1515010023)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory open Project(QNESL OP 202309)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University.
文摘Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.
基金Project(2004CB619205) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(50325415) supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young ScholarsProject(50574099) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The pore structure images of ore particles located at different heights of leaching column were scanned with X-ray computerized tomography (CT) scanner, the porosity and pore size distribution were calculated and the geometrical shape and connectivity of pores were analyzed based on image process method, and the three dimensional reconstruction of pore structure images was realized. The results show that the porosity of ore particles bed in leaching column is 42.92%, 41.72%, 39.34% at top, middle and bottom zone, respectively. Obviously it has spatial variability and decreases appreciably along the height of the column. The overall average porosity obtained by image processing is 41.33% while the porosity gotten from general measurement method in laboratory is 42.77% showing the results of both methods are consistent well. The pore structure of ore granular media is characterized as a dynamical space network composed of interconnected pore bodies and pore throats. The ratio of throats with equivalent diameter less than 1.91 mm to the total pores is 29.31%, and that of the large pores with equivalent diameter more than 5.73 mm is 2.90%.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105373)the China Scholarship Council(No.202106020094).
文摘Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy with fine-grainedβphases was fabricated by friction stir processing with opti-mized processing parameters.The superplastic behavior of the specimens was investigated by tensile deformation at different strain rates and temperatures,and an optimal superplastic elongation of 634%was achieved at 700℃ and 3×10^(-4)/s.An annealing treatment at 650℃ for 60 min showed a mi-crostructure withαprecipitates distributed in theβmatrix in the friction stir specimen.Such pre-heat treatment improves the superplasticity of the specimen,achieving an elongation of up to 807%at 750℃ and 3×10^(-4)/s.The influences of tensile temperatures and strain rates on the microstructural evolution,such as grain size variation,grain morphology,and phase transformations,were discussed.The super-plastic deformation behavior of fine-grained Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy is controlled by grain boundary sliding and accompanied by dynamic phase transformation and recrystallization.
基金Ting Chen thanks the China Scholarship Council for the Award of a Fellowship(No.202006230137)Benjamin Klusemann ac-knowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)-project number 544306307+1 种基金Banglong Fu acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52405386)State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding&Joining of Materials and Structures(Grant No.MSWJ-24M13).
文摘Constrained Friction Processing(CFP),a novel friction-based technique,has been developed to efficiently process fine-grained magnesium(Mg)rods,expanding the potential applications of biodegradable Mg alloys in medical implants.This study investigates the enhancement of mechanical properties through the implementation of multiple pass CFP(MP-CFP)in comparison to the conventional single pass CFP.The results reveal a substantial improvement in compressive yield strength(CYS),ultimate compressive strength,and failure plastic strain by 11%,28%,and 66%,respectively.A comprehensive analysis of material evolution during processing and the effects of the final microstructure on mechanical properties was conducted.The intricate material flow behavior during the final plunge stage of MP-CFP results in a reduced intensity of local basal texture and macrotexture.The diminished intensity of basal texture,combined with a low geometrical compatibility factor at the top of the rod after MP-CFP,effectively impedes slip transfer across grain boundaries.This leads to a local strain gradient along the compression direction,ultimately contributing to the observed enhancement in mechanical properties.The Mg-0.5Zn0.3Ca(wt.%)alloy,after texture modification by MP-CFP,exhibits a competitive CYS compared with other traditional methods,highlighting the promising application potential of MP-CFP.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4600103)National Youth Talent Support Program,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M692555)+1 种基金Shaanxi Province Qinchuangyuan'Scientists+Engineers'Team Building Project(Grant No.2023KXJ-266)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.xzy012023145)。
文摘Multimaterial digital light processing(DLP)three-dimensional(3D)printing technology provides unique advantages in the field of multi material additive manufacturing(MM AM)with its high resolution and rapid shaping capabilities based on photopolymerization.However,owing to differences in the curing behavior and physical properties of different materials,multimaterial DLP 3D printing faces challenges such as insufficient interfacial bonding strength and unstable mechanical properties.In this study,two resins were integrated by multimaterial DLP 3D printing technology,and the effects of different layer thicknesses and exposure times on the interfacial bonding strength and morphology of the multimaterials were systematically investigated.The interfacial bonding mechanisms of the two resins was analyzed.It was found that increasing the exposure time can improve the interfacial bonding strength between materials,but certain limitations exist.A mathematical model relating the interfacial bonding strength to the exposure time and layer thickness was developed,and optimal process parameters were determined using optimization algorithms.A variable-parameter printing strategy for the interface was proposed to further improve the performance of printed parts.The maximum tensile strength of the multimaterial samples(44.43 MPa)using this strategy reached that of single-material parts(45 MPa),validating the feasibility of this strategy.This provides guidance for multimaterial DLP 3D printing processes and offers valuable insights for the future additive manufacturing of high-performance multimaterial components.
基金Project(2022YFC2406000)supported by the National Key R&D Program,ChinaProject(2022GDASZH-2022010107)supported by the Guangdong Academy of Science,China+4 种基金Project(2019BT02C629)supported by the Guangdong Special Support Program,ChinaProject(2022GDASZH-2022010203-003)supported by the GDAS’project of Science and Technology Development,ChinaProjects(2023B1212120008,2023B1212060045)supported by the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Projects,ChinaProject(2023TQ07Z559)supported by the Special Support Foundation of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(52105293)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Laser powder-bed fusion(LPBF)of Zn-0.8Cu(wt.%)alloys exhibits significant advantages in the customization of biodegradable bone implants.However,the formability of LPBFed Zn alloy is not sufficient due to the spheroidization during the interaction of powder and laser beam,of which the mechanism is still not well understood.In this study,the evolution of morphology and grain structure of the LPBFed Zn-Cu alloy was investigated based on single-track deposition experiments.As the scanning speed increases,the grain structure of a single track of Zn-Cu alloy gradually refines,but the formability deteriorates,leading to the defect’s formation in the subsequent fabrication.The Zn-Cu alloys fabricated by optimum processing parameters exhibit a tensile strength of 157.13 MPa,yield strength of 106.48 MPa and elongation of 14.7%.This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the processing optimization of Zn-Cu alloy,achieving LPBFed Zn-Cu alloy with high density and excellent mechanical properties.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Nos.52307249the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Province,Nos.23ZR1465900+2 种基金the Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Nos.23CGA25the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities at Tongji University,Nos.PA2022000668/22120220426the Nanchang Automotive Institute of Intelligence&New Energy of Tongji University,Nos.TPD-TC202211-02。
文摘The imperative pursuit of elevated energy density in lithium primary coin cells(LPCCs)necessitates strategic architectural optimization to align with evolving market demands.A predominant approach involves the systematic replacement of metallic structural support components(MSSCs)to minimize non-active constituent ratios,contingent upon maintaining robust interfacial contact integrity among electrodes,separators,and battery shells.Herein,we present a novel LPCC configuration employing solvent-free processed ultra-thick fluorinated carbon cathode(UCFxC)to achieve complete MSSCs elimination.The engineered UCFxC demonstrates exceptional areal capacity metrics(249.45 mg cm^(-2),215.77 m Ah cm^(-2)),enabling a 27.8% mass reduction compared with conventional laboratoryassembled coin cell while achieving 941.5% energy density enhancement through optimized electrode conductivity.Notably,single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)-modified UCFxC architectures exhibited superior performance with energy exceeding 1.0 Wh at 50℃.This architectural paradigm provides valuable insights for developing next-generation high-energy-density LPCC systems,with practical implications for advancing miniaturized power source technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20538)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Liaoning Province,Shenyang U40 Outstanding Youth Foundation(No.RC230864)+1 种基金the Foundation of CAS Henan Industrial Technology Innovation&Incubation Center(No.2024110)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2023-BS-016)。
文摘Interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)has been proved to be an efective method of enhancing the mechanical properties of wire arc-directed energy deposited(WA-DED)samples.However,the original deposition structure was still retained in the FSP-WA-DED component besides the processed zone(PZ),thus forming a composite structure.Considering the material utilization and practical service process of the deposited component,more attention should be paid on this special composite structure,but the relevant investigation has not been carried out.In this study,an Al–Mg–Sc alloy was prepared by WA-DED with interlayer FSP treatment,and the composite structure was frstly investigated.Almost all of the pores were eliminated under the pressure efect from the tool shoulder.The grains were further refned with an average size of about 1.2μm in the PZ.Though no severe plastic deformation was involved in the retained WA-DED deposition zone,comparable tensile properties with the PZ sample were obtained in the composite structure.Low ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 289 MPa and elongation of 3.2%were achieved in the WA-DED sample.After interlayer FSP treatment,the UTS and elongation of the PZ samples were signifcantly increased to 443 MPa and 16.3%,while those in the composite structure remained at relatively high levels of 410 MPa and 13.5%,respectively.Meanwhile,a high fatigue strength of 180 and 130 MPa was obtained in the PZ and composite structure samples,which was clearly higher than that of the WA-DED sample(100 MPa).It is concluded that the defects in traditional WA-DED process can be eliminated in the composite structure after interlayer FSP treatment,resulting in enhanced tensile and fatigue properties,which provides an efective method of improving the mechanical properties of the WA-DED sample.
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0406903)the National Natural and Science Foundation of China(32272182)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20241955)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS).
文摘High molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS),major components of seed storage proteins in wheat,have large effects on processing quality.GLU-1 genes encode HMW-GS and their expression is mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by interactions between cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors.We previously identified an Aux/IAA transcription factor TaIAA10-6D that bound to a conserved cis-regulatory module CCRM1-1,the most essential conserved cis-regulatory module in GLU-1.Here,we confirmed the binding of TaIAA10-6D to CCRM1-1 using yeast one hybrid and dualluciferase reporter assays.The enhanced expression of TaIAA10-6D suppressed glutenin accumulation and increased gliadin content.Dynamic transcriptome analyses revealed that TaIAA10-6D overexpression down-regulated glutenin and gliadin genes during an early stage of grain filling,but up-regulated gliadin genes during a late stage probably by endoplasmic reticulum stress,accounting for its effect on the tradeoff between glutenin and gliadin.Rheological property and processing quality assays showed that TaIAA10-6D overproduction reduced stabilization time and bread quality,but enhanced cookie quality.Overexpression of TaIAA10-6D also reduced plant height,leaf size,kernel number and grain yield.We identified two major haplotypes of TaIAA10-6D,Hap I and Hap II,and developed a breeding-friendly diagnostic marker.Hap I conferred higher expression of TaIAA10-6D and concomitantly reduced plant height and kernel number,but had little effect on grain yield,contributing to lodging resistance without yield penalty.Hap I was subjected to positive selection in breeding.The findings provide a useful gene for wheat improvement and broaden insights into the regulatory machinery underpinning auxin-mediated quality formation,plant morphogenesis and yield gain.
基金the financial support from the Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(Grant No ZR2024YQ020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52275349 and 52035005)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No 2022YFB4600902)the Excellent Young Team Project of Central Universities(No.2023QNTD002)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No 2021ZLGX01)sponsored by the China/Shandong University International Postdoctoral Exchange Program.
文摘The inherent trade-off between ductility and strength in Mg alloys remains a significant challenge,primarily governed by microstructural distribution and texture characteristics.Friction stir processing(FSP),a severe plastic deformation(SPD)technique,refines microstructures by generating fine grains,uniformly dispersed fragmented particles,and a high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs),thereby facilitating superplastic forming at high strain rates and low temperatures.In the present work,a dual eccentric-pin tool(DEPT)FSP was employed to incorporate ZrO_(2) particles into a 6 mm thick AZ91D Mg alloy,leading to the formation of high volume{10-12}twins,dislocations,and β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates within the stirred zone.The microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviour of the stir zone under various process parameters were analysed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The DEPT enhanced plastic shearing and dynamic recrystallization,significantly reducing the grain size from 15.6μm to 2.35μm while promoting uniform dislocation distribution within the stir zone(SZ).Grain orientation analysis revealed a transition from basal to prismatic texture dominance(29.3% volume fraction)due to intensified radial-tangential coupling shear deformation,facilitating the activation of non-basal slip systems.The DEPT evidently improved the hardness of the SZ from 58 to 92 HV and increased tensile strength from 234 MPa to 325 MPa while maintaining an elongation of 23.8%,achieving an optimal strengthductility balance.This work presents a one-step approach for tailoring microstructural heterogeneity and enhancing mechanical properties in AZ91D/ZrO_(2) composites using the DEPT FSP technique.The method provides an effective strategy for mitigating the strength-ductility trade-off commonly observed in Mg alloys.
文摘Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of signifi cant,novel,and high-impact research in the fi elds of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2242023K40028)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials,China(No.AMM2023B01).financial support of the Research Fund of Shihezi Key Laboratory of AluminumBased Advanced Materials,China(No.2023PT02)financial support of Guangdong Province Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2021B0301030005)。
文摘Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloys are extensively used owing to high thermostability and creep strength contributed from uniformly dispersed fine oxides particles.However,the existence of these strengthening particles also deteriorates the processability and it is of great importance to establish accurate processing maps to guide the thermomechanical processes to enhance the formability.In this study,we performed particle swarm optimization-based back propagation artificial neural network model to predict the high temperature flow behavior of 0.25wt%Al2O3 particle-reinforced Cu alloys,and compared the accuracy with that of derived by Arrhenius-type constitutive model and back propagation artificial neural network model.To train these models,we obtained the raw data by fabricating ODS Cu alloys using the internal oxidation and reduction method,and conducting systematic hot compression tests between 400 and800℃with strain rates of 10^(-2)-10 S^(-1).At last,processing maps for ODS Cu alloys were proposed by combining processing parameters,mechanical behavior,microstructure characterization,and the modeling results achieved a coefficient of determination higher than>99%.
基金Project (2009Z2-D811) supported by Guangzhou Science and Technology Development Program, ChinaProject (2009ZM0264) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China
文摘Microstructure and tensile behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy prepared by friction stir processing（FSP） were investigated.The results show that microstructure of the AZ31 hot-rolled plate with an average grain size of 92.0 μm is refined to 11.4 μm after FSP.The FSP AZ31 alloy exhibits excellent plasticity at elevated temperature,with an elongation to failure of 1050% at 723 K and a strain rate of 5×10-4 s-1.The elongation of the FSP material is 268% at 723 K and 1×10-2 s-1,indicating that high strain rate superplasticity could be achieved.On the other hand,the hot-rolled base material,which has a coarse grain structure,possesses no superplasticity under the experimental conditions.
基金Project(B08040)supported by the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project),ChinaProject(2009ZX04005-031-11)supported by the National Science and Technology Special Program,China
文摘To manufacture plate by the combination of equal channel angular processing （ECAP） and porthole die extrusion techniques, a novel technique, namely portholes-equal channel angular processing （P-ECAP）, was studied. Extrusion of AL6005A plate used for the bullet train plate was investigated by finite element method. The relevant porthole dies involving ECAP technique in channels were designed. Dimensional changes in the scrap part of the extrudate obtained after extrusion from the P-ECAP die, with different channel angles, were predicted. Effects of the channel angle and extrusion speed on the maximum temperature of the workpiece and other field variables were evaluated. At the channel angle of 160° of P-ECAP dies, the extrudate exhibited the optimal performance and the least amount of extrudate scrap was obtained. The optimal extrusion speed was 3-5 mm/s. Moreover, with the increase in ram speed from 1 to 9 mm/s, the peak extrusion load increased by about 49% and the maximum temperature was increased by about 70 ℃. The effective strain exhibited ascending trend in the comer of the ECAP deformation zone. In the solder seam and the side of die bearing of extrudate, the maximum principal stresses were tensile stress.
基金Projects(51571214,51301205,51101126)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(P2014-07)supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,China+4 种基金Project(20130162120001)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(K1308034-11)supported by the Changsha Municipal Science and Technology Plan,ChinaProjects(2015GK3004,2015JC3006)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province,ChinaProject supported by the Innovation-driven Plan in Central South University,ChinaProject supported by the Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy of Central South University,China
文摘The ultra-fine structured Ni?Al?WC layer with interlocking bonding was fabricated on austenitic stainless steel by combination of laser clad and friction stir processing (FSP). Laser was initially applied to Ni?Al elemental powder preplaced on the austenitic stainless steel substrate to produce a coating for further processing. The as-received coating was subjected to FSP treatment, processed by a rotary tool rod made of WC?Co alloy, to obtain sample for inspection. Microstructure, phase constitutions, hardness and wear property were investigated by methods of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness test alongside with dry sliding wear test. The results show that the severe deformation effect exerted on the specimen resulted in an ultra-fine grain layer of about 100μmin thickness and grain size of 1?2μm. Synergy between introduction of WC particles to the deformation layer and deformation strengthening contributes greatly to the increase in hardness and friction resistance. An interlocking bonding between the coating and matrix which significantly improves bonding strength was formed due to the severe deformation effect.
基金Project(2012AA030311)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(51421001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(106112015CDJXY130002)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and strain rate range of 0.001? 10 s?1 with Gleeble?3500 thermal simulator system. Processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains were calculated to study the optimum processing domain. Microstructures before and after hot compressions were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Stress?strain curves indicate that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. The processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains show that the optimum processing domain is 500?550 °C, 10 s?1 for hot working. EBSD analysis demonstrates that fully dynamic recrystallization occurs in the optimum processing domain (high strainrate 10 s?1), whereas the main soften mechanism is dynamic recovery at low strain rate (0.001 s?1).
基金Project(2011ZX04014-051)supported by the Key Scientific and Technical Project of ChinaProjects(51375306,50905110)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The three-dimensional （3D） processing maps considering strain based on the two-dimensional （2D） processing maps proposed by PRASAD can describe the distribution of the efficiency of power dissipation and flow instability regions at various temperatures, strain rates and strains, which exhibit intrinsic workability related to material itself. Finite element （FE） simulation can obtain the distribution of strain, strain rate, temperature and die filling status, which indicates state-of-stress （SOS） workability decided by die shape and different processing conditions. On the basis of this, a new material driven analysis method for hot deformation was put forward by the combination of FE simulation with 3D processing maps, which can demonstrate material workability of the entire hot deformation process including SOS workability and intrinsic workability. The hot forging process for hard-to-work metal magnesium alloy was studied, and the 3D thermomechanical FE simulation including 3D processing maps of complex hot forging spur bevel gear was first conducted. The hot forging experiments were carried out. The results show that the new method is reasonable and suitable to determine the aoorooriate nrocess narameters.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81202918)the Open Project of National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2011ZYX2-006)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou,China(Grant No.20130533B68 and 20131813A23)the Chinese Medicine Research Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2014ZQ008 and 2015ZQ011)the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(Grant No.2011ZY25 and 2013ZZ12)
文摘The crude and processed Paeoniae Radix Alba-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, originated from Bai-zhu-shao-yao-san, are used to treat different diseases clinically. In order to evaluate the crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs, a simple, easy, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detectors was developed for simultaneous determination of nine bioactive components in the herbal pairs. The calibration curve exhibited good linearity（r2≥0.9992）. The LODs and LOQs were ≤7.30 and 11.53 μg/m L, respectively. The intra-, inter-day and repeatability RSD values of the nine compounds were less than 3.86%, 2.71%, and 4.29%, respectively. The RSD stability values were less than 3.64%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 96.70%–102.10%, with RSD values less than 3.52%. The developed method can be applied to the intrinsic quality control of crude and processed Paeoniae Radix-Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma herbal pairs.
基金Project(2012AA030311)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2010BB4074)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality,ChinaProject(2010ZD-02)supported by the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,China
文摘The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.
基金Project(51271076)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Hot compression tests of the extruded 7075Al/15%SiC (volume fraction) particle reinforced composite prepared by spray deposition were performed on Gleeble?1500 system in the temperature range of 300?450 °C and strain rate range of 0.001?1 s?1. The results indicate that the true stress?true strain curve almost exhibits rapid flow softening phenomenon without an obvious work hardening, and the stress decreases with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Moreover, the stress levels are higher at temperature below 400 °C but lower at 450 °C compared with the spray deposited 7075Al alloy. Superplastic deformation characteristics are found at temperature of 450 °C and strain rate range of 0.001?0.1 s?1 with corresponding strain rate sensitivity of 0.72. The optimum parameters of hot working are determined to be temperature of 430?450 °C and strain rate of 0.001?0.05 s?1 based on processing map and optical microstructural observation.
