Background: Primary non-function(PNF) and early allograft failure(EAF) after liver transplantation(LT) seriously affect patient outcomes. In clinical practice, effective prognostic tools for early identifying recipien...Background: Primary non-function(PNF) and early allograft failure(EAF) after liver transplantation(LT) seriously affect patient outcomes. In clinical practice, effective prognostic tools for early identifying recipients at high risk of PNF and EAF were urgently needed. Recently, the Model for Early Allograft Function(MEAF), PNF score by King's College(King-PNF) and Balance-and-Risk-Lactate(BAR-Lac) score were developed to assess the risks of PNF and EAF. This study aimed to externally validate and compare the prognostic performance of these three scores for predicting PNF and EAF. Methods: A retrospective study included 720 patients with primary LT between January 2015 and December 2020. MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac scores were compared using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and the net reclassification improvement(NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement(IDI) analyses. Results: Of all 720 patients, 28(3.9%) developed PNF and 67(9.3%) developed EAF in 3 months. The overall early allograft dysfunction(EAD) rate was 39.0%. The 3-month patient mortality was 8.6% while 1-year graft-failure-free survival was 89.2%. The median MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac scores were 5.0(3.5–6.3),-2.1(-2.6 to-1.2), and 5.0(2.0–11.0), respectively. For predicting PNF, MEAF and King-PNF scores had excellent area under curves(AUCs) of 0.872 and 0.891, superior to BAR-Lac(AUC = 0.830). The NRI and IDI analyses confirmed that King-PNF score had the best performance in predicting PNF while MEAF served as a better predictor of EAD. The EAF risk curve and 1-year graft-failure-free survival curve showed that King-PNF was superior to MEAF and BAR-Lac scores for stratifying the risk of EAF. Conclusions: MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac were validated as practical and effective risk assessment tools of PNF. King-PNF score outperformed MEAF and BAR-Lac in predicting PNF and EAF within 6 months. BAR-Lac score had a huge advantage in the prediction for PNF without post-transplant variables. Proper use of these scores will help early identify PNF, standardize grading of EAF and reasonably select clinical endpoints in relative studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different ...BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different factors.AIM To investigate the key determinants of aseptic loosening,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library was conducted,encompassing studies from database inception to January 1,2025.Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with aseptic loosening following pTHA.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were systematically applied at each stage to ensure methodological transparency and reproducibility.Study quality was assessed using standardized categories.Pooled odds ratio(OR)with corresponding 95%confidence interval were calculated with random-or fixed-effects models to generate reliability estimates,and study heterogeneity was visualized using forest plots.Ten factors,categorized into patient-,surgeon-,and device-related domains,were reviewed and meta-analyzed.Funnel plot analysis demonstrated a relatively symmetrical distribution,suggesting minimal publication bias.RESULTS A meta-analysis of 20 studies(520789 participants)found a pooled prevalence of 1.96%.Significant risk factors for aseptic loosening after pTHA included elevated body mass index(OR=1.116,P<0.001),higher Charlson comorbidity index(OR=1.378,P<0.001),prosthesis-related factors(OR=1.497,P<0.001),and adverse lifestyles(OR=2.198,P=0.037).Protective factors were non-white race(OR=0.445,P<0.001)and favorable genetics(OR=0.723,P<0.001).Male sex increased risk(OR=1.232,P=0.016),while age and anatomy were not significant.Surgical expertise showed a slight protective effect(OR=1.048,P<0.001).A comprehensive understanding of the modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to aseptic loosening after pTHA requires consideration of patient-related factors,surgical expertise,and prosthesis characteristics.CONCLUSION The identification of these factors is critical for risk mitigation.High-risk patients should receive targeted counseling regarding individualized profiles.Further studies are warranted to establish clearer causal relationships and identify additional contributing factors.展开更多
Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord ...Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord are lacking.Here,by injecting the cholera toxin B subunit into the sciatic nerve of a rhesus monkey,we successfully labeled the motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the lumbar and sacralspinal cord.Labeled alpha motor neurons were located in lamina IX of the L6–S1 segments,which innervate both flexors and extensors.The labeled primary sensory afferents were mainly myelinated Aβfibers that terminated mostly in laminae I and II of the L4–L7 segments.Together with the labeled proprioceptive afferents,the primary sensory afferents formed excitatory synapses with multiple types of spinal neurons.In summary,our methods successfully traced neuronal connections in the monkey spinal cord and can be used in spinal cord studies when nonhuman primates are used.展开更多
Objective： To screen and analyze key express sequence tags （ESTs） which were differentially displayed in every period of SD rats＇ primary hepatic carcinoma and reveal the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis. Met...Objective： To screen and analyze key express sequence tags （ESTs） which were differentially displayed in every period of SD rats＇ primary hepatic carcinoma and reveal the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis. Methods： Using diethylnitrosamine （DENA） as a cancerigenic agent, animal models with different phases of primary hepatic cancer were constructed in SD rats. Rats were respectively sacrificed at d 14, d 28, d 56, d 77, d 105 and d 112 after the rats received DENA by gavage, then the livers were harvested. One part of the livers was classified according to their pathological changes, while the other was reserved for molecular mechanism studies on hepatocarcinogenesis. The differentially expressed genes were isolated from both normal and morbid tissues by mRNA differential display technique （DDRT-PCR）. After the fragments were sequenced, bioinformatics were .used to analyze the results. Results： Twelve differentially expressed cDNA fragments were obtained. Nine fragments had the homology with known cDNA clones, especially EST-7 was similar to BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene and the identity was 100% which suggested EST-7 may be the part of BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene. In contrast, other three fragments （EST-1, EST-3 and EST-5） had extremely low identity to any genes registered in GENBANK databases. Conclusions： BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene was expressed in different periods of hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, EST-I, EST-3 and EST-5 were suggested to contribute to the development of rat hepatocarcinogenesis, and thus may be candidates of new targets of oncogenes or cancer suppressor genes.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The current retrospective study aims to evaluate the management of non-functioning the assessment of experience on pituitary macroadenoma through clinical, biochemical, radiological features, and treatment o...OBJECTIVE The current retrospective study aims to evaluate the management of non-functioning the assessment of experience on pituitary macroadenoma through clinical, biochemical, radiological features, and treatment outcome of patients, and to identify prognostic factors affecting progression-free survival （PFS）. METHODS Data of 55 patients macroadenoma presented to the with non-functioning pituitary Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine department between 1998 and 2009 were investigated. RESULTS The most common symptom was visual disturbance （38.2%） followed by headache （27.3%）. The presence of male predominance was observed （1.4：1）. Ten patients received radio-therapy （RT） only. Extrasellar extension was the more common treatment. The overall response rate was 72.8% with completed response at 16.4%. Memory and intellectual sequelae were the most common late complications of treatment （14%）. The ten-year PFS was at 84.6%. PFS was found to be significantly better with higher dose of RT （up to 54 Gy）, treatment by both surgery and RT, absence of visual field defect, and tumor localized to sella, whereas it was not significantly affected by age and sex. CONCLUSION The data confirmed that the prevalence of mass effect and hypopituitarism in patients with non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma is elevated. Conventional external RT up to 54 Gy is safe and effective in controlling non-functioning pituitary macro- adenoma with tolerable and acceptable morbidity.展开更多
Introduction: Despite the fact that non-functioning pituitary adenomas do not overproduce hormones, many will stain positive for a particular pituitary hormone, which can be used to differentiate these adenomas into s...Introduction: Despite the fact that non-functioning pituitary adenomas do not overproduce hormones, many will stain positive for a particular pituitary hormone, which can be used to differentiate these adenomas into subgroups. If these different sub-groups behave differently in terms of post surgical progression of disease (PSPD) rates or other clinical variables, then better treatment and prognosis could be predicted. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients who have undergone surgery for removal of a non-functioning pituitary adenoma at Emory University Hospital served as the source for all data used in this study (n = 184). Data were collected from a database of electronic medical records (EMRs) for these patients in 2010 documenting clinical and demographic variables including treatment and PSPD. Results: Risk for PSPD did not differ by adenoma subtypes: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH+), luteinizing hormone (LH+), or those that do not stain positive for any hormone (non-functioning, or NF?) (p = 0.971). There were two clinical characteristics statistically related to adenoma subtype: altered mental status and the anterior-posterior (AP) dimension of pre-operative adenomas. PSPD was related to several clinical characteristics, including gender, previous adenoma, post-operative residual, and follow-up time.展开更多
Requirements elicitation step is of paramount importance in the requirements engineering process. In the distributed environment of so-called inter-company cooperative information system, this step is a thorny issue. ...Requirements elicitation step is of paramount importance in the requirements engineering process. In the distributed environment of so-called inter-company cooperative information system, this step is a thorny issue. To elicit require-ments for an inter-company cooperative information system, we early proposed a methodology called MAMIE (from MAcro to MIcro level requirements Elicitation) with an accompanied tool. In MAMIE methodology, requirements are the result of composing functional and non-functional concerns. Before non-functional concerns composition, it’s primary to identify relationships between them. According to the most existing approaches, a non-functional concern may have a negative, positive or null contribution on the other non-functional concerns. In this paper, we argue that using only these three contributions types is not sufficient to express relationships which may exist between non-functional concerns. Thus, we propose a process which aims to identify non-functional concerns’ relationships and model them using a fuzzy cognitive map. The resulting model is composed of non-functional concerns, relationships between them and the weight of these relationships expressed with linguistics fuzzy values. Using fuzzy cognitive maps to model non-functional concerns relationships allows moving from the conventional modelling toward developing a computer based model. An example from the textile industry is used to illustrate the applicability of our process.展开更多
In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, protons are pumped into the intermembrane space to establish the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Relying on the electrochemical gradient, protons can return to the ...In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, protons are pumped into the intermembrane space to establish the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Relying on the electrochemical gradient, protons can return to the matrix through the ATP synthase complex with ATP generation. MitoQ, a lipophilic cation drug, can be bsorbed to the inner mitochondrial membrane with the cationic moiety staying at the intermembrane space[1].展开更多
NFMAs are benign tumors that do not produce any biologically active hormones and exceed 10 mm (0.39 in) in size. Although NFMAs are benign in origin, mass effects may lead to serious clinical symptoms such as visual i...NFMAs are benign tumors that do not produce any biologically active hormones and exceed 10 mm (0.39 in) in size. Although NFMAs are benign in origin, mass effects may lead to serious clinical symptoms such as visual impairments, chronic headache, and pituitary insufficiency. The authors describe a 51-year-old woman who had a NFMA (35 × 24 × 25 mm). The vision was reduced to 7/10 in the both eyes. A transnasal transsphenoidal surgery was performed and the tumor was successfully resected. Postoperatively, the patient had visual (9/10) and headache improvement. This case highlights a rare presentation of non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma.展开更多
Knowledge of the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of any disease is essential for its treatment.Because the cause of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC),a chronic,slowly progressive cholestatic ...Knowledge of the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of any disease is essential for its treatment.Because the cause of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC),a chronic,slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease,is still unknown,treatment remains symptomatic.Knowledge of the physicochemical properties of various bile acids and the adaptive responses of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes to them has provided an important basis for the development of relatively effective drugs based on hydrophilic bile acids that can potentially slow the progression of the disease.Advances in the use of hydrophilic bile acids for the treatment of PBC are also associated with the discovery of pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of cholangiocyte damage and the appearance of the first signs of this disease.For 35 years,ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)has been the unique drug of choice for the treatment of patients with PBC.In recent years,the list of hydrophilic bile acids used to treat cholestatic liver diseases,including PBC,has expanded.In addition to UDCA,the use of obeticholic acid,tauroursodeoxycholic acid and norursodeoxycholic acid as drugs is discussed.The pathogenetic rationale for treatment of PBC with various bile acid drugs is discussed in this review.Emphasis is made on the mechanisms explaining the beneficial therapeutic effects and potential of each of the bile acid as a drug,based on the understanding of the pathogenesis of the initial stages of PBC.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal(GI)tumors is increasing,and advancements in medical care have significantly improved patient survival rates.As a result,the number of cases involving multiple pri...BACKGROUND The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal(GI)tumors is increasing,and advancements in medical care have significantly improved patient survival rates.As a result,the number of cases involving multiple primary cancers(MPC)has also increased.The rarity of MPC and the absence of sensitive and specific dia-gnostic markers often lead to missed or incorrect diagnoses.It is,therefore,of vital importance to improve the vigilance of clinicians and the accurate diagnosis of this disease.Patients with GI malignancies face a higher relative risk of deve-loping additional primary malignant tumors compared to those with other systemic tumors.Vigilant monitoring and follow-up are crucial,especially for high-risk groups,which include older adults,men,those with addictions to alcohol and tobacco,those with a family history of tumors,and those who have undergone radiotherapy.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we report three cases of MPC,each involving malignant tumors of the GI tract as the initial primary carcinoma,offering insights that may aid in effectively managing similar cases.CONCLUSION Patients with GI malignancies face a higher MPC risk.Developing screening and follow-up protocols may enhance detection and treatment outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease.Nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)suppress adaptive immune responses and induce the hepatic tolerogenic ...BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease.Nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)suppress adaptive immune responses and induce the hepatic tolerogenic immune response.AIM To investigate the effects of ImmTOR in PBC mouse models.METHODS PBC models were induced in C57BL/6 mice by two immunizations of 2-octynoic acid-coupled bovine serum albumin at two-week intervals,and polycytidylic acid every three days.The PBC mouse models were separated into the treatment group and the control group.The levels of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and alanine aminotransferase in the mice were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer.Liver and spleen mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry,and serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies(AMA)and the related cytokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Liver histopathology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored.RESULTS After treatment with ImmTOR,the ALP level was significantly decreased(189.60 U/L±27.25 U/L vs 156.00 U/L±17.21 U/L,P<0.05),the level of AMA was reduced(1.28 ng/mL±0.27 ng/mL vs 0.56 ng/mL±0.07 ng/mL,P<0.001)and the expression levels of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factorαwere significantly decreased(48.29 pg/mL±10.84 pg/mL vs 25.01 pg/mL±1.49 pg/mL,P<0.0001)and(84.24 pg/mL±23.47 pg/mL vs 40.66 pg/mL±14.65 pg/mL,P<0.001).The CD4+T lymphocytes,CD8+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the liver were significantly reduced,with statistically significant differences(24.21%±6.55%vs 15.98%±3.03%,P<0.05;9.09%±1.91%vs 5.49%±1.00%,P<0.001;80.51%±2.96%vs 75.31%±4.34%,P<0.05).The expression of CD8+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the ImmTOR treatment group also decreased(9.09%±1.91%vs 5.49%±1.00%,P<0.001;80.51%±2.96%vs 75.31%±4.34%,P<0.05).The liver pathology of PBC mice in the treatment group showed reduced inflammation and a decreased total pathology score,and the difference in the scores was statistically significant(4.50±2.88 vs 1.75±1.28,P<0.05).CONCLUSION ImmTOR can improve biochemistry and pathology of liver obvious by inhibiting the expression of CD8+T cells and B cells,and reducing the titer of AMA.展开更多
Primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD)is a clinically rare,genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections,male infertility,tympanitis,and laterality abnormalities...Primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD)is a clinically rare,genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections,male infertility,tympanitis,and laterality abnormalities.PCD is typically resulted from variants in genes encoding assembly or structural proteins that are indispensable for the movement of motile cilia.Here,we identified a novel nonsense mutation,c.466G>T,in cilia-and flagella-associated protein 300(CFAP300)resulting in a stop codon(p.Glu156*)through whole-exome sequencing(WES).The proband had a PCD phenotype with laterality defects and immotile sperm flagella displaying a combined loss of the inner dynein arm(IDA)and outer dynein arm(ODA).Bioinformatic programs predicted that the mutation is deleterious.Successful pregnancy was achieved through intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).Our results expand the spectrum of CFAP300 variants in PCD and provide reproductive guidance for infertile couples suffering from PCD caused by them.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks high among the most common types of malignant tumors.The primary cause of cancer-related mortality is metastasis,with lung metastases accounting for 32.9%of all cases of metastat...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks high among the most common types of malignant tumors.The primary cause of cancer-related mortality is metastasis,with lung metastases accounting for 32.9%of all cases of metastatic CRC(MCRC).However,cases of MCRC in the lungs,which present concurrently with primary peripheral lung adenocarcinoma,are exceptionally rare.CASE SUMMARY This report describes the case of a 52-year-old female patient who,following a colonoscopy,was diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma based on rectal mucosal biopsy findings.A preoperative chest computed tomography scan revealed a ground-glass nodule in the right lung and a small nodule(approximately 0.6 cm in diameter)in the extramural basal segment of the left lower lobe,which suggested multiple lung metastases from rectal cancer.Subsequent treatment and follow-up led to a diagnosis of rectal cancer with left lung metastasis and peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lower lobe of the right lung.CONCLUSION This case report describes the therapeutic journey of a patient with lung metastasis from rectal cancer in addition to primary peripheral adenocarcinoma,thus underscoring the critical roles of multidisciplinary collaboration,personalized treatment strategies,and comprehensive patient rehabilitation guidance.展开更多
Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, no universally acknowledged standards of care have been reported to be effec...Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, no universally acknowledged standards of care have been reported to be effective and productive for the treatment of this tumor. Materials and Methods: A patient with advanced primary pulmonary LELC was treated by employing a combination of tislelizumab and chemotherapy. Results: The patient displayed a favorable response to the combination therapy. The tumor size exhibited conspicuous abatement in contrast to the pre-treatment baseline, and the tumor markers normalized. Conclusion: The combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy appears to be more effective than therapy alone for managing advanced primary pulmonary LELC. On that account, further clinical trials are imperative to establish this combination regimen as a potential first-line treatment option for advanced cases.展开更多
The strategic design and synthesis of photothermal/photocatalytic materials are pivotal to realizing photothermal conversion water evaporation coupled with photocatalytic sewage purification functions.In this work,bas...The strategic design and synthesis of photothermal/photocatalytic materials are pivotal to realizing photothermal conversion water evaporation coupled with photocatalytic sewage purification functions.In this work,based on the principle of three primary colors,brick-red g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)composite was loaded onto a green polyurethane(PU)sponge using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as the linking agent.The resultant PU/PVA/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)composite exhibits outstanding performance in simultaneous photothermal/photocatalytic water evaporation,pollutant degradation,sterilization,and thermoelectric generation.Under 1.0 kW m^(-2)irradiation,the water evaporation rate reaches 3.19 kg m^(-2)h-1,while a single thermoelectric module generates a maximum thermoelectric output power of 0.25 W m^(-2).Concurrently,rhodamine B(RhB)at a concentration of 4.0×10^(-4)mol L^(-1)undergoes complete photocatalytic degradation within 40 min.When the light intensity is 2.0 kW m^(-2),the evaporation rate soars to 8.52 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),and the thermoelectric power output increases to 1.1 W m^(-2).Furthermore,this photothermal/photocatalytic material based on the principle of three primary colors has excellent photothermal/photocatalytic antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.By abandoning black light-absorbing materials,more active sites of the photocatalyst can be exposed.The g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)heterojunction accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers,while the hydrophilic groups in the photothermal/photocatalytic materials reduce the water evaporation enthalpy.This research provides a novel approach for fabricating multi-function photothermal/photocatalytic materials,which could quicken the development of solution to freshwater and electricity energy shortages as well as environmental pollution issues.展开更多
Parental educational anxiety has become a social symptom in China,and rural primary school students’mothers exhibit unique educational anxieties due to their special living environment.Based on interviews with 10 rur...Parental educational anxiety has become a social symptom in China,and rural primary school students’mothers exhibit unique educational anxieties due to their special living environment.Based on interviews with 10 rural primary school students’mothers,five typical educational anxiety experiences were selected for analysis,and themes such as rural life burden,children’s learning habits,mothers’educational expectations,mothers’educational methods,mothers’emotional state,deviation between reality and expectations,homework guidance ability,mothers’educational level,and attitudes towards children’s future development were refined.The root causes of educational anxiety among rural primary school students’mothers include the deviation between children’s actual performance and mothers’educational expectations,the sense of disparity under social comparison,physical and mental exhaustion caused by role overload,anxiety triggered by excessive economic burden,and a sense of powerlessness towards children’s educational outcomes.To alleviate the educational anxiety of rural primary school students’mothers,mothers should actively adjust themselves,fathers should actively participate in their children’s education,society should create a healthy atmosphere,and schools should strengthen family education guidance.展开更多
AIM:To investigate decisional conflict among patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS)or primary angle-closure(PAC)who are considering laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI)treatment.METHODS:A total of 111 ...AIM:To investigate decisional conflict among patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS)or primary angle-closure(PAC)who are considering laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI)treatment.METHODS:A total of 111 individuals diagnosed with PACS or PAC were selected through convenient sampling from March 2023 to December 2023.These participants then completed a general information questionnaire and the Decision Conflict Scale.Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression to reveal factors influencing decisional conflict.RESULTS:The mean Decisional Conflict Score among patients with PACS or PAC was 48.58±10.01,with 99.1%of these individuals reporting experiencing decisional conflict.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that females(P=0.002)and patients with a shorter duration of the disease(P=0.006)had higher levels of decisional conflict.Additionally,patients diagnosed during medical visits(P=0.049),those who refused LPI treatment(P=0.032),and individuals facing significant economic burdens related to medical expenses(P=0.005)exhibited higher levels of decisional conflict.Furthermore,patients who preferred to make medical decisions independently(P=0.023)and those who favored involving family members in decisionmaking(P=0.005)experienced increased levels of decisional conflict.CONCLUSION:Patients with PACS or PAC who undergo LPI treatment often encounter significant decisional conflict.Healthcare professionals should thoroughly assess a range of factors that influence this conflict,including gender,duration of disease,method of diagnosis acquisition,LPI treatment,economic burden of medical expenses,and patient preferences regarding medical decision-making.By considering these variables,tailored decision support can be developed to address individual patient needs,ultimately reducing decisional conflict and optimizing the quality of decisions made regarding treatment options.展开更多
Silicon-based anodes,utilizing nanosized silicon materials,hold great promise for the next-generation of lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity and stable expansion.This study aims to address challenges in t...Silicon-based anodes,utilizing nanosized silicon materials,hold great promise for the next-generation of lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity and stable expansion.This study aims to address challenges in traditional slurry-coated anodes,such as agglomeration and low adhesive strength,through the application of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).The process involves fabricating an Al-Si-Cu alloy layer on a Cu foil current collector,followed by dealloying to create a porous Si-Cu anode.Simulated and experimental results demonstrate successful alloy layer formation through optimized laser spot(55μm)and powder sizes(1-5μm).Controlled cooling produces primary Si particles ranging from 150 nm to 1μm.The resulting microstructure enhances electrochemical performance,particularly by tailoring the size of primary Si.The resultant porous Si-Cu anode,featuring uniformly distributed primary Si(200 nm)metallurgically bonded with Cu networks,exhibits an initial coulombic efficiency of 83% and a remarkable capacity retention of 80% after 300 cycles at 2 C.In-situ and ex-situ observations confirm the crucial role of anode architecture in performance enhancement.This study elucidates the influence of the LPBF microstructure on anode performance and broadens the potential application of laser powder bed fusion in battery manufacturing.展开更多
Li/MnO_(2) primary batteries are widely used in industry for their high specific capacity and safety.However,a deep comprehension of the Li^(+)insertion mechanism and the high self-discharge rate of the batteries is s...Li/MnO_(2) primary batteries are widely used in industry for their high specific capacity and safety.However,a deep comprehension of the Li^(+)insertion mechanism and the high self-discharge rate of the batteries is still needed.Here,the storage mechanism of Li^(+)in the tunnel structure of MnO_(2) as well as the dissolution and migration of Mn-ions were investigated based on multi-scale approaches.The Li/Mn ratio(at%)is determined at about 0.82 when the discharge voltage decreases to 2 V.The limited Li-ions transport rate in the bulk MnO_(2) restrains the reduction reaction,resulting in a low practical specific capacity.Moreover,utilizing spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy(TEM)coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS),the presence of a mixed valence state layer of Mn^(2+)/Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)on the surface of the original 20 nm MnO_(2) particles was identified,which could contribute to the initial dissolution of Mn-ions.The battery separator exhibited channels for Mn-ions migration and diffusion and aggregated Mn particles.We put forward the discharge and degradation route in the ways of Mn-ions trajectories,and our findings provide a deep understanding of the high self-discharge rates and the capacity decay of Li-Mn primary batteries.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China (81570587 and 81700557)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Projection on Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology (2013A061401007 and 2017B030314018)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Funds for Major Basic Science Culture Project (2015A030308010)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201704020150)the Natural Science Foundations of Guangdong province (2016A030310141 and 2020A1515010091)Young Teachers Training Project of Sun Yat-sen University (K0401068) and the Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Strategy (pdjh2022b0010 and pdjh2023a0002)。
文摘Background: Primary non-function(PNF) and early allograft failure(EAF) after liver transplantation(LT) seriously affect patient outcomes. In clinical practice, effective prognostic tools for early identifying recipients at high risk of PNF and EAF were urgently needed. Recently, the Model for Early Allograft Function(MEAF), PNF score by King's College(King-PNF) and Balance-and-Risk-Lactate(BAR-Lac) score were developed to assess the risks of PNF and EAF. This study aimed to externally validate and compare the prognostic performance of these three scores for predicting PNF and EAF. Methods: A retrospective study included 720 patients with primary LT between January 2015 and December 2020. MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac scores were compared using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and the net reclassification improvement(NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement(IDI) analyses. Results: Of all 720 patients, 28(3.9%) developed PNF and 67(9.3%) developed EAF in 3 months. The overall early allograft dysfunction(EAD) rate was 39.0%. The 3-month patient mortality was 8.6% while 1-year graft-failure-free survival was 89.2%. The median MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac scores were 5.0(3.5–6.3),-2.1(-2.6 to-1.2), and 5.0(2.0–11.0), respectively. For predicting PNF, MEAF and King-PNF scores had excellent area under curves(AUCs) of 0.872 and 0.891, superior to BAR-Lac(AUC = 0.830). The NRI and IDI analyses confirmed that King-PNF score had the best performance in predicting PNF while MEAF served as a better predictor of EAD. The EAF risk curve and 1-year graft-failure-free survival curve showed that King-PNF was superior to MEAF and BAR-Lac scores for stratifying the risk of EAF. Conclusions: MEAF, King-PNF and BAR-Lac were validated as practical and effective risk assessment tools of PNF. King-PNF score outperformed MEAF and BAR-Lac in predicting PNF and EAF within 6 months. BAR-Lac score had a huge advantage in the prediction for PNF without post-transplant variables. Proper use of these scores will help early identify PNF, standardize grading of EAF and reasonably select clinical endpoints in relative studies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82402789Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Youcai Plan,No.KYYC202402+2 种基金Beijing Jishuitan Research Funding,No.HL202402and Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.L232062No.L222063.
文摘BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different factors.AIM To investigate the key determinants of aseptic loosening,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library was conducted,encompassing studies from database inception to January 1,2025.Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with aseptic loosening following pTHA.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were systematically applied at each stage to ensure methodological transparency and reproducibility.Study quality was assessed using standardized categories.Pooled odds ratio(OR)with corresponding 95%confidence interval were calculated with random-or fixed-effects models to generate reliability estimates,and study heterogeneity was visualized using forest plots.Ten factors,categorized into patient-,surgeon-,and device-related domains,were reviewed and meta-analyzed.Funnel plot analysis demonstrated a relatively symmetrical distribution,suggesting minimal publication bias.RESULTS A meta-analysis of 20 studies(520789 participants)found a pooled prevalence of 1.96%.Significant risk factors for aseptic loosening after pTHA included elevated body mass index(OR=1.116,P<0.001),higher Charlson comorbidity index(OR=1.378,P<0.001),prosthesis-related factors(OR=1.497,P<0.001),and adverse lifestyles(OR=2.198,P=0.037).Protective factors were non-white race(OR=0.445,P<0.001)and favorable genetics(OR=0.723,P<0.001).Male sex increased risk(OR=1.232,P=0.016),while age and anatomy were not significant.Surgical expertise showed a slight protective effect(OR=1.048,P<0.001).A comprehensive understanding of the modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to aseptic loosening after pTHA requires consideration of patient-related factors,surgical expertise,and prosthesis characteristics.CONCLUSION The identification of these factors is critical for risk mitigation.High-risk patients should receive targeted counseling regarding individualized profiles.Further studies are warranted to establish clearer causal relationships and identify additional contributing factors.
基金supported by a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology China,No.2022ZD0204704(to WW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301572(to XZ)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M731202(to XZ)。
文摘Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord are lacking.Here,by injecting the cholera toxin B subunit into the sciatic nerve of a rhesus monkey,we successfully labeled the motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the lumbar and sacralspinal cord.Labeled alpha motor neurons were located in lamina IX of the L6–S1 segments,which innervate both flexors and extensors.The labeled primary sensory afferents were mainly myelinated Aβfibers that terminated mostly in laminae I and II of the L4–L7 segments.Together with the labeled proprioceptive afferents,the primary sensory afferents formed excitatory synapses with multiple types of spinal neurons.In summary,our methods successfully traced neuronal connections in the monkey spinal cord and can be used in spinal cord studies when nonhuman primates are used.
基金supported by the Key Program for Science and Technology Development of Henan Province [122102310174]the Zoology Key Subject of Henan Province
文摘Objective： To screen and analyze key express sequence tags （ESTs） which were differentially displayed in every period of SD rats＇ primary hepatic carcinoma and reveal the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis. Methods： Using diethylnitrosamine （DENA） as a cancerigenic agent, animal models with different phases of primary hepatic cancer were constructed in SD rats. Rats were respectively sacrificed at d 14, d 28, d 56, d 77, d 105 and d 112 after the rats received DENA by gavage, then the livers were harvested. One part of the livers was classified according to their pathological changes, while the other was reserved for molecular mechanism studies on hepatocarcinogenesis. The differentially expressed genes were isolated from both normal and morbid tissues by mRNA differential display technique （DDRT-PCR）. After the fragments were sequenced, bioinformatics were .used to analyze the results. Results： Twelve differentially expressed cDNA fragments were obtained. Nine fragments had the homology with known cDNA clones, especially EST-7 was similar to BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene and the identity was 100% which suggested EST-7 may be the part of BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene. In contrast, other three fragments （EST-1, EST-3 and EST-5） had extremely low identity to any genes registered in GENBANK databases. Conclusions： BN/SsNHsdMCW mitochondrion gene was expressed in different periods of hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, EST-I, EST-3 and EST-5 were suggested to contribute to the development of rat hepatocarcinogenesis, and thus may be candidates of new targets of oncogenes or cancer suppressor genes.
文摘OBJECTIVE The current retrospective study aims to evaluate the management of non-functioning the assessment of experience on pituitary macroadenoma through clinical, biochemical, radiological features, and treatment outcome of patients, and to identify prognostic factors affecting progression-free survival （PFS）. METHODS Data of 55 patients macroadenoma presented to the with non-functioning pituitary Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine department between 1998 and 2009 were investigated. RESULTS The most common symptom was visual disturbance （38.2%） followed by headache （27.3%）. The presence of male predominance was observed （1.4：1）. Ten patients received radio-therapy （RT） only. Extrasellar extension was the more common treatment. The overall response rate was 72.8% with completed response at 16.4%. Memory and intellectual sequelae were the most common late complications of treatment （14%）. The ten-year PFS was at 84.6%. PFS was found to be significantly better with higher dose of RT （up to 54 Gy）, treatment by both surgery and RT, absence of visual field defect, and tumor localized to sella, whereas it was not significantly affected by age and sex. CONCLUSION The data confirmed that the prevalence of mass effect and hypopituitarism in patients with non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma is elevated. Conventional external RT up to 54 Gy is safe and effective in controlling non-functioning pituitary macro- adenoma with tolerable and acceptable morbidity.
文摘Introduction: Despite the fact that non-functioning pituitary adenomas do not overproduce hormones, many will stain positive for a particular pituitary hormone, which can be used to differentiate these adenomas into subgroups. If these different sub-groups behave differently in terms of post surgical progression of disease (PSPD) rates or other clinical variables, then better treatment and prognosis could be predicted. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients who have undergone surgery for removal of a non-functioning pituitary adenoma at Emory University Hospital served as the source for all data used in this study (n = 184). Data were collected from a database of electronic medical records (EMRs) for these patients in 2010 documenting clinical and demographic variables including treatment and PSPD. Results: Risk for PSPD did not differ by adenoma subtypes: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH+), luteinizing hormone (LH+), or those that do not stain positive for any hormone (non-functioning, or NF?) (p = 0.971). There were two clinical characteristics statistically related to adenoma subtype: altered mental status and the anterior-posterior (AP) dimension of pre-operative adenomas. PSPD was related to several clinical characteristics, including gender, previous adenoma, post-operative residual, and follow-up time.
文摘Requirements elicitation step is of paramount importance in the requirements engineering process. In the distributed environment of so-called inter-company cooperative information system, this step is a thorny issue. To elicit require-ments for an inter-company cooperative information system, we early proposed a methodology called MAMIE (from MAcro to MIcro level requirements Elicitation) with an accompanied tool. In MAMIE methodology, requirements are the result of composing functional and non-functional concerns. Before non-functional concerns composition, it’s primary to identify relationships between them. According to the most existing approaches, a non-functional concern may have a negative, positive or null contribution on the other non-functional concerns. In this paper, we argue that using only these three contributions types is not sufficient to express relationships which may exist between non-functional concerns. Thus, we propose a process which aims to identify non-functional concerns’ relationships and model them using a fuzzy cognitive map. The resulting model is composed of non-functional concerns, relationships between them and the weight of these relationships expressed with linguistics fuzzy values. Using fuzzy cognitive maps to model non-functional concerns relationships allows moving from the conventional modelling toward developing a computer based model. An example from the textile industry is used to illustrate the applicability of our process.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1432248), National Natural Science Foundation of China (11505245), Western Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y460040XB0)
文摘In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, protons are pumped into the intermembrane space to establish the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Relying on the electrochemical gradient, protons can return to the matrix through the ATP synthase complex with ATP generation. MitoQ, a lipophilic cation drug, can be bsorbed to the inner mitochondrial membrane with the cationic moiety staying at the intermembrane space[1].
文摘NFMAs are benign tumors that do not produce any biologically active hormones and exceed 10 mm (0.39 in) in size. Although NFMAs are benign in origin, mass effects may lead to serious clinical symptoms such as visual impairments, chronic headache, and pituitary insufficiency. The authors describe a 51-year-old woman who had a NFMA (35 × 24 × 25 mm). The vision was reduced to 7/10 in the both eyes. A transnasal transsphenoidal surgery was performed and the tumor was successfully resected. Postoperatively, the patient had visual (9/10) and headache improvement. This case highlights a rare presentation of non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma.
文摘Knowledge of the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of any disease is essential for its treatment.Because the cause of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC),a chronic,slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease,is still unknown,treatment remains symptomatic.Knowledge of the physicochemical properties of various bile acids and the adaptive responses of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes to them has provided an important basis for the development of relatively effective drugs based on hydrophilic bile acids that can potentially slow the progression of the disease.Advances in the use of hydrophilic bile acids for the treatment of PBC are also associated with the discovery of pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of cholangiocyte damage and the appearance of the first signs of this disease.For 35 years,ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)has been the unique drug of choice for the treatment of patients with PBC.In recent years,the list of hydrophilic bile acids used to treat cholestatic liver diseases,including PBC,has expanded.In addition to UDCA,the use of obeticholic acid,tauroursodeoxycholic acid and norursodeoxycholic acid as drugs is discussed.The pathogenetic rationale for treatment of PBC with various bile acid drugs is discussed in this review.Emphasis is made on the mechanisms explaining the beneficial therapeutic effects and potential of each of the bile acid as a drug,based on the understanding of the pathogenesis of the initial stages of PBC.
基金Supported by Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.21JR1RA010In-Hospital Research Fund of Gansu Provincial Hospital,No.23GSSYD-5.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal(GI)tumors is increasing,and advancements in medical care have significantly improved patient survival rates.As a result,the number of cases involving multiple primary cancers(MPC)has also increased.The rarity of MPC and the absence of sensitive and specific dia-gnostic markers often lead to missed or incorrect diagnoses.It is,therefore,of vital importance to improve the vigilance of clinicians and the accurate diagnosis of this disease.Patients with GI malignancies face a higher relative risk of deve-loping additional primary malignant tumors compared to those with other systemic tumors.Vigilant monitoring and follow-up are crucial,especially for high-risk groups,which include older adults,men,those with addictions to alcohol and tobacco,those with a family history of tumors,and those who have undergone radiotherapy.CASE SUMMARY In this article,we report three cases of MPC,each involving malignant tumors of the GI tract as the initial primary carcinoma,offering insights that may aid in effectively managing similar cases.CONCLUSION Patients with GI malignancies face a higher MPC risk.Developing screening and follow-up protocols may enhance detection and treatment outcomes.
基金Supported by Cultivation Project of Hebei Natural Science Foundation-Precision Medicine Joint Fund,No.H2021206239.
文摘BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease.Nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)suppress adaptive immune responses and induce the hepatic tolerogenic immune response.AIM To investigate the effects of ImmTOR in PBC mouse models.METHODS PBC models were induced in C57BL/6 mice by two immunizations of 2-octynoic acid-coupled bovine serum albumin at two-week intervals,and polycytidylic acid every three days.The PBC mouse models were separated into the treatment group and the control group.The levels of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and alanine aminotransferase in the mice were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer.Liver and spleen mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry,and serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies(AMA)and the related cytokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Liver histopathology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored.RESULTS After treatment with ImmTOR,the ALP level was significantly decreased(189.60 U/L±27.25 U/L vs 156.00 U/L±17.21 U/L,P<0.05),the level of AMA was reduced(1.28 ng/mL±0.27 ng/mL vs 0.56 ng/mL±0.07 ng/mL,P<0.001)and the expression levels of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factorαwere significantly decreased(48.29 pg/mL±10.84 pg/mL vs 25.01 pg/mL±1.49 pg/mL,P<0.0001)and(84.24 pg/mL±23.47 pg/mL vs 40.66 pg/mL±14.65 pg/mL,P<0.001).The CD4+T lymphocytes,CD8+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the liver were significantly reduced,with statistically significant differences(24.21%±6.55%vs 15.98%±3.03%,P<0.05;9.09%±1.91%vs 5.49%±1.00%,P<0.001;80.51%±2.96%vs 75.31%±4.34%,P<0.05).The expression of CD8+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the ImmTOR treatment group also decreased(9.09%±1.91%vs 5.49%±1.00%,P<0.001;80.51%±2.96%vs 75.31%±4.34%,P<0.05).The liver pathology of PBC mice in the treatment group showed reduced inflammation and a decreased total pathology score,and the difference in the scores was statistically significant(4.50±2.88 vs 1.75±1.28,P<0.05).CONCLUSION ImmTOR can improve biochemistry and pathology of liver obvious by inhibiting the expression of CD8+T cells and B cells,and reducing the titer of AMA.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2023M734294)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit(JSDW202215)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82001618).
文摘Primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD)is a clinically rare,genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic respiratory tract infections,male infertility,tympanitis,and laterality abnormalities.PCD is typically resulted from variants in genes encoding assembly or structural proteins that are indispensable for the movement of motile cilia.Here,we identified a novel nonsense mutation,c.466G>T,in cilia-and flagella-associated protein 300(CFAP300)resulting in a stop codon(p.Glu156*)through whole-exome sequencing(WES).The proband had a PCD phenotype with laterality defects and immotile sperm flagella displaying a combined loss of the inner dynein arm(IDA)and outer dynein arm(ODA).Bioinformatic programs predicted that the mutation is deleterious.Successful pregnancy was achieved through intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).Our results expand the spectrum of CFAP300 variants in PCD and provide reproductive guidance for infertile couples suffering from PCD caused by them.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks high among the most common types of malignant tumors.The primary cause of cancer-related mortality is metastasis,with lung metastases accounting for 32.9%of all cases of metastatic CRC(MCRC).However,cases of MCRC in the lungs,which present concurrently with primary peripheral lung adenocarcinoma,are exceptionally rare.CASE SUMMARY This report describes the case of a 52-year-old female patient who,following a colonoscopy,was diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma based on rectal mucosal biopsy findings.A preoperative chest computed tomography scan revealed a ground-glass nodule in the right lung and a small nodule(approximately 0.6 cm in diameter)in the extramural basal segment of the left lower lobe,which suggested multiple lung metastases from rectal cancer.Subsequent treatment and follow-up led to a diagnosis of rectal cancer with left lung metastasis and peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lower lobe of the right lung.CONCLUSION This case report describes the therapeutic journey of a patient with lung metastasis from rectal cancer in addition to primary peripheral adenocarcinoma,thus underscoring the critical roles of multidisciplinary collaboration,personalized treatment strategies,and comprehensive patient rehabilitation guidance.
文摘Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, no universally acknowledged standards of care have been reported to be effective and productive for the treatment of this tumor. Materials and Methods: A patient with advanced primary pulmonary LELC was treated by employing a combination of tislelizumab and chemotherapy. Results: The patient displayed a favorable response to the combination therapy. The tumor size exhibited conspicuous abatement in contrast to the pre-treatment baseline, and the tumor markers normalized. Conclusion: The combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy appears to be more effective than therapy alone for managing advanced primary pulmonary LELC. On that account, further clinical trials are imperative to establish this combination regimen as a potential first-line treatment option for advanced cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372234)the Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Linyi University(Z6122010).
文摘The strategic design and synthesis of photothermal/photocatalytic materials are pivotal to realizing photothermal conversion water evaporation coupled with photocatalytic sewage purification functions.In this work,based on the principle of three primary colors,brick-red g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)composite was loaded onto a green polyurethane(PU)sponge using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as the linking agent.The resultant PU/PVA/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)composite exhibits outstanding performance in simultaneous photothermal/photocatalytic water evaporation,pollutant degradation,sterilization,and thermoelectric generation.Under 1.0 kW m^(-2)irradiation,the water evaporation rate reaches 3.19 kg m^(-2)h-1,while a single thermoelectric module generates a maximum thermoelectric output power of 0.25 W m^(-2).Concurrently,rhodamine B(RhB)at a concentration of 4.0×10^(-4)mol L^(-1)undergoes complete photocatalytic degradation within 40 min.When the light intensity is 2.0 kW m^(-2),the evaporation rate soars to 8.52 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),and the thermoelectric power output increases to 1.1 W m^(-2).Furthermore,this photothermal/photocatalytic material based on the principle of three primary colors has excellent photothermal/photocatalytic antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.By abandoning black light-absorbing materials,more active sites of the photocatalyst can be exposed.The g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)heterojunction accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers,while the hydrophilic groups in the photothermal/photocatalytic materials reduce the water evaporation enthalpy.This research provides a novel approach for fabricating multi-function photothermal/photocatalytic materials,which could quicken the development of solution to freshwater and electricity energy shortages as well as environmental pollution issues.
基金Hunan Provincial Social Science Foundation“A Phenomenological Study on the Educational Life Experiences of Rural Young Teachers”(20YBA017)。
文摘Parental educational anxiety has become a social symptom in China,and rural primary school students’mothers exhibit unique educational anxieties due to their special living environment.Based on interviews with 10 rural primary school students’mothers,five typical educational anxiety experiences were selected for analysis,and themes such as rural life burden,children’s learning habits,mothers’educational expectations,mothers’educational methods,mothers’emotional state,deviation between reality and expectations,homework guidance ability,mothers’educational level,and attitudes towards children’s future development were refined.The root causes of educational anxiety among rural primary school students’mothers include the deviation between children’s actual performance and mothers’educational expectations,the sense of disparity under social comparison,physical and mental exhaustion caused by role overload,anxiety triggered by excessive economic burden,and a sense of powerlessness towards children’s educational outcomes.To alleviate the educational anxiety of rural primary school students’mothers,mothers should actively adjust themselves,fathers should actively participate in their children’s education,society should create a healthy atmosphere,and schools should strengthen family education guidance.
基金Supported by Basic Scientific Research Projects of Wenzhou(No.Y20220155).
文摘AIM:To investigate decisional conflict among patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS)or primary angle-closure(PAC)who are considering laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI)treatment.METHODS:A total of 111 individuals diagnosed with PACS or PAC were selected through convenient sampling from March 2023 to December 2023.These participants then completed a general information questionnaire and the Decision Conflict Scale.Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression to reveal factors influencing decisional conflict.RESULTS:The mean Decisional Conflict Score among patients with PACS or PAC was 48.58±10.01,with 99.1%of these individuals reporting experiencing decisional conflict.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that females(P=0.002)and patients with a shorter duration of the disease(P=0.006)had higher levels of decisional conflict.Additionally,patients diagnosed during medical visits(P=0.049),those who refused LPI treatment(P=0.032),and individuals facing significant economic burdens related to medical expenses(P=0.005)exhibited higher levels of decisional conflict.Furthermore,patients who preferred to make medical decisions independently(P=0.023)and those who favored involving family members in decisionmaking(P=0.005)experienced increased levels of decisional conflict.CONCLUSION:Patients with PACS or PAC who undergo LPI treatment often encounter significant decisional conflict.Healthcare professionals should thoroughly assess a range of factors that influence this conflict,including gender,duration of disease,method of diagnosis acquisition,LPI treatment,economic burden of medical expenses,and patient preferences regarding medical decision-making.By considering these variables,tailored decision support can be developed to address individual patient needs,ultimately reducing decisional conflict and optimizing the quality of decisions made regarding treatment options.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4602700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975018)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2244085).
文摘Silicon-based anodes,utilizing nanosized silicon materials,hold great promise for the next-generation of lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity and stable expansion.This study aims to address challenges in traditional slurry-coated anodes,such as agglomeration and low adhesive strength,through the application of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF).The process involves fabricating an Al-Si-Cu alloy layer on a Cu foil current collector,followed by dealloying to create a porous Si-Cu anode.Simulated and experimental results demonstrate successful alloy layer formation through optimized laser spot(55μm)and powder sizes(1-5μm).Controlled cooling produces primary Si particles ranging from 150 nm to 1μm.The resulting microstructure enhances electrochemical performance,particularly by tailoring the size of primary Si.The resultant porous Si-Cu anode,featuring uniformly distributed primary Si(200 nm)metallurgically bonded with Cu networks,exhibits an initial coulombic efficiency of 83% and a remarkable capacity retention of 80% after 300 cycles at 2 C.In-situ and ex-situ observations confirm the crucial role of anode architecture in performance enhancement.This study elucidates the influence of the LPBF microstructure on anode performance and broadens the potential application of laser powder bed fusion in battery manufacturing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2030206,12104022,52271014 and 22075003)the Presidential Foundation of CAEP(No.YZJJZL2023173)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021YFH0092).
文摘Li/MnO_(2) primary batteries are widely used in industry for their high specific capacity and safety.However,a deep comprehension of the Li^(+)insertion mechanism and the high self-discharge rate of the batteries is still needed.Here,the storage mechanism of Li^(+)in the tunnel structure of MnO_(2) as well as the dissolution and migration of Mn-ions were investigated based on multi-scale approaches.The Li/Mn ratio(at%)is determined at about 0.82 when the discharge voltage decreases to 2 V.The limited Li-ions transport rate in the bulk MnO_(2) restrains the reduction reaction,resulting in a low practical specific capacity.Moreover,utilizing spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy(TEM)coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS),the presence of a mixed valence state layer of Mn^(2+)/Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)on the surface of the original 20 nm MnO_(2) particles was identified,which could contribute to the initial dissolution of Mn-ions.The battery separator exhibited channels for Mn-ions migration and diffusion and aggregated Mn particles.We put forward the discharge and degradation route in the ways of Mn-ions trajectories,and our findings provide a deep understanding of the high self-discharge rates and the capacity decay of Li-Mn primary batteries.
