This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The re...This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.展开更多
Rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur(M-S)batteries,including Li/Na/K-S chemistries,have the potential to utilize abundant and low-cost sulfur cathodes yet offer high theoretical energy densities.However,their practical el...Rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur(M-S)batteries,including Li/Na/K-S chemistries,have the potential to utilize abundant and low-cost sulfur cathodes yet offer high theoretical energy densities.However,their practical electrochemical performance is fundamentally limited by the polysulfide shuttle effect.This challenge is particularly exacerbated in Na-S and K-S systems owing to larger metal-ion radii,weaker solvation energies,slower redox kinetics,and greater electrolyte-electrode incompatibilities compared to Li-S batteries.This review presents a comparative analysis of interface engineering strategies designed to suppress the shuttle effect across these three systems.Following a summary of sulfur cathode properties and reaction mechanisms,we systematically examine the origins of polysulfide shuttling.Our analysis progresses from functional separator design and interlayer enhancements to the implementation of solid-state electrolytes for root-cause inhibition.By evaluating interface engineering research specific to Na-S and K-S batteries,we elucidate both shared principles and unique challenges inherent to alkali M-S systems.Finally,we propose multifaceted solutions to achieve shuttlefree operation and enhance overall battery performance,thereby establishing a foundation for future advancements.展开更多
We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We...We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We systematically analyze the technical pathways for deploying LLMs in disaster scenarios,emphasizing three breakthrough directions:(1)knowledge graph-driven dynamic risk modeling,(2)reinforcement learning-optimized emergency decision systems,and(3)secure local deployment architectures.The DeepSeek model demonstrates unique advantages through its hybrid reasoning mechanism combining semantic analysis with geospatial pattern recognition,enabling cost-effective processing of multi-source data spanning historical disaster records,real-time IoT sensor feeds,and socio-environmental parameters.A modular system architecture is designed to achieve three critical objectives:(a)automated construction of domain-specific knowledge graphs through unsupervised learning of disaster physics relationships,(b)scenario-adaptive resource allocation using risk simulations,and(c)preserving emergency coordination via federated learning across distributed response nodes.The proposed local deployment paradigm addresses critical data security concerns in cross-border disaster management while complying with the FAIR principles(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)for geoscientific data governance.This work establishes a methodological foundation for next-generation AI-earth science convergence in disaster mitigation.展开更多
Hong Kong has a high concentration of developments on hilly terrain in close proximity to man-made slopes and natural hillsides.Because of the high seasonal rainfall,these man-made slopes and natural hillsides would p...Hong Kong has a high concentration of developments on hilly terrain in close proximity to man-made slopes and natural hillsides.Because of the high seasonal rainfall,these man-made slopes and natural hillsides would pose a risk to the public as manifested by a death toll of 470 people due to landslides since the late 1940s.In 1977,the Government of the Hong Kong SAR embarked on a systematic programme,known as the Landslip Preventive Measure(LPM)Programme,to retroft substandard man-made slopes.From 1977 to 2010,about 4500 substandard government man-made slopes have been upgraded through engineering works.During the period,the Programme had evolved progressively in response to Government’s internal demand for continuous improvement and rising public expectation for slope safety.In 2010,the Government implemented the Landslip Prevention and Mitigation(LPMit)Programme to dovetail with the LPM Programme,with the focus on retroftting the remaining moderate-risk substandard man-made slopes and mitigating systematically the natural terrain landslide risk pursuant to the"react-to-known"hazard principle.This paper presents the evolution of the LPM and LPMit Programmes as well as the insight on landslide prevention and mitigation through engineering works.展开更多
Due to space constraints in mountainous areas,twin tunnels are sometimes constructed very close to each other or even overlap.This proximity challenges the structural stability of tunnels built with the drill-and-blas...Due to space constraints in mountainous areas,twin tunnels are sometimes constructed very close to each other or even overlap.This proximity challenges the structural stability of tunnels built with the drill-and-blast method,as the short propagation distance amplifies blasting vibrations.A case of blasting damage is reported in this paper,where concrete cracks crossed construction joints in the twin-arch lining.To identify the causes of these cracks and develop effective vibration mitigation measures,field monitoring and numerical analysis were conducted.Specifically,a restart method was used to simulate the second peak particle velocity(PPV)of MS3 delays occurring 50 ms after the MS1 delays.The study found that the dynamic tensile stress in the tunnel induced by the blast wave has a linear relationship with the of the product of the concrete wave impedance and the PPV.A blast vibration velocity exceeding 23.3 cm/s resulted in tensile stress in the lining surpassing the ultimate tensile strength of C30 concrete,leading to tensile cracking on the blast-facing arch of the constructed tunnel.To control excessive vi-bration velocity,a mitigation trench was implemented to reduce blast wave impact.The trench,approximately 15 m in length,50 cm in width,and 450 cm in height,effectively lowered vibration ve-locities,achieving an average reduction rate of 52%according to numerical analysis.A key innovation of this study is the on-site implementation and validation of the trench's effectiveness in mitigating vi-brations.A feasible trench construction configuration was proposed to overcome the limitations of a single trench in fully controlling vibrations.To further enhance protection,zoned blasting and an auxiliary rock pillar,80 cm in width,were incorporated to reinforce the mid-wall.This study introduces novel strategies for vibration protection in tunnel blasting,offering innovative solutions to address blasting-induced vibrations and effectively minimize their impact,thereby enhancing safety and struc-tural stability.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protec...This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.展开更多
Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossi...Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossible to construct engineering structures in all debris flow areas in a short period. Therefore, the government aims to gradually develop non-structural preventive strategies, including evacuation planning, debris flow disaster emergency action system, disaster resistant community program, recruitment of debris flow professional volunteers, debris flow warning systems, and land management strategies, to mitigate disasters and secure the safety of residents. This review describes the processes and effects of recent debris flow non-structural preventive strategies in Taiwan. The average number of casualties prior to the year 2000 was far higher than the corresponding number after 2000 because debris flow evacuation drills have been promoted since 2000 and the debris flow disaster emergency action system has been progressively improved since 2002. Furthermore, the changes in risks caused by debris flow disasters before and after the implementation of non-structural preventive strategies were used to explain the effectiveness of these strategies at the community level. The results showed that softwarebased non-structural preventive strategies can effectively reduce the casualties caused by debris flows at both the national and community levels.展开更多
As centers of human activity,cities concentrate populations,resources,and wealth in limited areas.According to the United Nations,55%of the global population now lives in urban areas[1].Moreover,the World Economic Fo...As centers of human activity,cities concentrate populations,resources,and wealth in limited areas.According to the United Nations,55%of the global population now lives in urban areas[1].Moreover,the World Economic Forum’s“Global Risks Report 2023”[2]highlights natural disasters as a major threat to sustainable development,especially for densely populated cities.展开更多
In the field of quantum error mitigation,most current research separately addresses quantum gate noise mitigation and measurement noise mitigation.However,due to the typically high complexity of measurement noise miti...In the field of quantum error mitigation,most current research separately addresses quantum gate noise mitigation and measurement noise mitigation.However,due to the typically high complexity of measurement noise mitigation methods,such as those based on estimating response matrices,the overall complexity of noise mitigation schemes increases when combining measurement noise mitigation with other quantum gate noise mitigation approaches.This paper proposes a low-complexity quantum error mitigation scheme that jointly mitigates quantum gate and measurement noise,specifically when measurement noise manifests as an amplitude damping channel.The proposed scheme requires estimating only three parameters to jointly mitigate both types of noise,whereas the zero-noise extrapolation method enhanced by response matrix estimation requires estimating at least six parameters under the same conditions.展开更多
Acute abdomen refers to a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain that may require urgent surgical intervention, while biliary system diseases encompass disorders affecting the gallbladder, bile ducts, and associated st...Acute abdomen refers to a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain that may require urgent surgical intervention, while biliary system diseases encompass disorders affecting the gallbladder, bile ducts, and associated structures. Acute abdomen during pregnancy represents one of the most challenging critical conditions in obstetrics, with its morbidity and mortality rates consistently ranking among the leading causes of maternal death. In recent years, with population aging and an increasing proportion of advanced-age pregnancies, the incidence of pregnancy-associated acute abdomen has shown an upward trend. This study systematically analyzes the primary etiologies, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of acute abdomen during pregnancy while exploring the effectiveness of preventive measures. Research indicates that pregnancy-specific anatomical and physiological changes, environmental factors, and genetic background play crucial roles in disease occurrence. The establishment of a comprehensive prevention system, including pre-pregnancy assessment, gestational monitoring, and emergency response planning, can significantly reduce incidence rates. Multi-center clinical data analysis demonstrates that early identification of risk factors, standardized prenatal examinations, and establishment of rapid diagnosis and treatment channels are key to improving successful treatment rates. This study provides new insights and methodologies for reducing the incidence and mortality rates of pregnancy-associated acute abdomen, holding significant implications for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.展开更多
As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. Ther...As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. There exists a gap in research on the detection and response to attacks on Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanisms themselves, which would lead to service outages between nodes. Classifying exploitation and deceptive jamming attacks on control mechanisms is particularly challengingdue to their resemblance to normal heavy communication patterns. Accordingly, this paper proposes a machine learning-based selective attack mitigation model that detects DoS attacks on wireless networks by monitoring packet log data. Based on the type of detected attack, it implements effective corresponding mitigation techniques to restore performance to nodes whose availability has been compromised. Experimental results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed model is 14% higher than that of a baseline anomaly detection model. Further, the appropriate mitigation techniques selected by the proposed system based on the attack type improve the average throughput by more than 440% compared to the case without a response.展开更多
Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ra...Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ramifications.This study tries to suggest creative solutions that support human welfare and biodiversity while simultaneously resolving social problems by adopting NBS.An online survey using convenience and snowball sampling was conducted to assess the openness of Phnom Penh residents to adopting NBS for flood mitigation in their homes or buildings.The survey investigated perceptions of NBS effectiveness based on previous knowledge and flood risk perception.Results revealed a strong correlation between perceived efficacy and willingness to adopt NBS.Specifically,flood risk perception and prior knowledge significantly influenced the perceived effectiveness of NBS.Key findings indicate that high installation and maintenance costs,lack of awareness,limited space,cultural factors,and perceived ineffectiveness are primary barriers to NBS adoption.Additionally,specific regional factors contribute to reluctance in certain areas of Phnom Penh.To overcome these barriers,the study recommends that the Cambodian government and other stakeholders invest in public education campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of NBS.Financial incentives and subsidies should be provided to reduce the economic burden on residents.Furthermore,integrating NBS into urban planning and infrastructure development is crucial to enhance community resilience against floods.展开更多
Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms ...Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms that affect farmers'willingness to participate in landslide prevention and mitigation(WPLPM).Conducted in Heifangtai,Gansu Province,China,renowned as the"landslide natural laboratory",this research employs multiple linear regression analysis on data from 399 questionnaires to pinpoint the key determinants of farmers'WPLPM.The findings reveal:(1)the"risk perception paradox"exists—farmers have high-risk perception but low WPLPM;(2)the impact of risk perception on WPLPM is tempered by self-efficacy related to fund,learning ability,and operation ability,offering an insight into the"risk perception paradox";and(3)There are significant positive influences of farmers'benefit perception,social network,and perceived responsibility on their WPLPM.Based on these insights,the study offers targeted policy recommendations.展开更多
Over the past few years,Malware attacks have become more and more widespread,posing threats to digital assets throughout the world.Although numerous methods have been developed to detect malicious attacks,these malwar...Over the past few years,Malware attacks have become more and more widespread,posing threats to digital assets throughout the world.Although numerous methods have been developed to detect malicious attacks,these malware detection techniques need to be more efficient in detecting new and progressively sophisticated variants of malware.Therefore,the development of more advanced and accurate techniques is necessary for malware detection.This paper introduces a comprehensive Dual-Channel Attention Deep Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(DCADBiLSTM)model for malware detection and riskmitigation.The Dual Channel Attention(DCA)mechanism improves themodel’s capability to concentrate on the features that aremost appropriate in the input data,which reduces the false favourable rates.The Bidirectional Long,Short-Term Memory framework helps capture crucial interdependence from past and future circumstances,which is essential for enhancing the model’s understanding of malware behaviour.As soon as malware is detected,the risk mitigation phase is implemented,which evaluates the severity of each threat and helps mitigate threats earlier.The outcomes of the method demonstrate better accuracy of 98.96%,which outperforms traditional models.It indicates the method detects and mitigates several kinds of malware threats,thereby providing a proactive defence mechanism against the emerging challenges in cybersecurity.展开更多
This study aims to analyze waste mitigation policies implemented in South Tangerang City,Indonesia,which faces significant challenges in waste management.Despite various mitigation efforts,issues such as limited landf...This study aims to analyze waste mitigation policies implemented in South Tangerang City,Indonesia,which faces significant challenges in waste management.Despite various mitigation efforts,issues such as limited landfill capacity,low community participation in waste sorting,and inadequate treatment facilities continue to hinder effective waste management.Using a case study approach,the research assesses the effectiveness of existing policies and identifies key barriers.The findings show that poor waste management,characterized by a high volume of waste sent to landfills,leads to severe environmental pollution—including air,soil,and water contamination—and increases the risk of disasters such as landfill collapses.This negative impact is not only felt by the environment,but also has an impact on public health and regional budget efficiency.While initiatives such as the 3R(Reduce,Reuse,Recycle)program and organic waste treatment have been introduced,low community engagement and inadequate treatment facilities remain major obstacles.The study also compares successful waste management policies from developed countries such as Germany,Sweden,and South Korea,offering valuable insights for local policy adaptation.Based on these findings,the study recommends increasing government capacity,improving access to and the quality of Reduce,Reuse,Recycle(WPP3R)Waste Treatment sites,providing incentives,encouraging community involvement,and promoting collaboration between the public and private sectors to achieve more efficient and sustainable waste management.展开更多
This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reduc...This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reducing CO_(2) emissions and evaluating the implementation of the Busan Principles of aid effectiveness to achieve Indonesia’s mitigation priorities and targets.We utilize a new primary dataset based on interviews with the most knowledgeable stakeholders of ODA on climate change mitigation.Additionally,we use secondary data from the annual Rio Marker and the Common Reporting Standard data of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.The results show a significant correlation between climate-related development aid and CO_(2) emission reduction in Indonesia.Additionally,the implementation of the Busan Principles enhances aid management by fostering project ownership and increasing the involvement of civil society and private sector.The study has implications for devising an effective climate change mitigation strategy for Indonesia.It is suggested that the government of Indonesia exercise greater flexibility and dynamism in engaging with development partners.展开更多
The land,water,energy use,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions involved in agricultural production are intrinsically linked.However,quantitative characterization and scenario simulations of these elements'inherent int...The land,water,energy use,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions involved in agricultural production are intrinsically linked.However,quantitative characterization and scenario simulations of these elements'inherent interrelationships remain scarce.We developed a land–water–energy–GHG(LWEG)nexus framework for the North China Plain(NCP).The framework identifies the mutual feedback in the life cycle of agricultural production among the four factors.We applied the framework to assess the agricultural GHG mitigation potential for winter wheat,summer maize,and rice in NCP municipalities.The results showed that cropping structure optimization reduced GHG emissions by 1.96 Mt CO_(2)e.Controlling indirect energy consumption in upstream processes of crop production and reducing on-site energy use reduced the volume and intensity per unit area of agricultural GHG emissions.Because of the synergies between land,water,and energy,nexus management,which combines multiple measures of groundwater management,fertilizer,and energy control,has substantial GHG mitigation potential.The nexus management scenario produced a total GHG of 159.51 Mt CO_(2)e,a decrease of 15.38%from the baseline scenario.This study quantifies the LWEG nexus within agricultural production processes and identifies agricultural management practices that integrate water,energy conservation,and emissions mitigation contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
Co-branding,as an innovative consumer model,is increasingly favored by“Generation Z”consumers and has become a preferred strategy for many brands to expand their market reach and achieve widespread recognition.Howev...Co-branding,as an innovative consumer model,is increasingly favored by“Generation Z”consumers and has become a preferred strategy for many brands to expand their market reach and achieve widespread recognition.However,with the rapid growth of the co-branding economy,trademark infringement issues related to co-branded products have become more prevalent,posing significant obstacles to the successful execution of co-branding marketing activities.Based on the different legal statuses of trademarks,this study systematically analyzes the various infringement risks that may arise in the use of trademarks within co-branding practices and explores corresponding risk prevention measures.The objective is to provide strong support for the healthy and sustainable development of the co-branding economy.展开更多
The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively l...The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively little research on its risk mitigation effectiveness in the context of supply chain fluctuations.Based on case studies of commercial law and data statistics,the study explores the relationship between protection efficiency and market response through legal applicability.Due to the long litigation cycle and uneven law enforcement,there are differences in market regulation,weakening the protection of well-known trademarks and exacerbating supply chain uncertainty.Strengthening international legal framework cooperation and promoting law enforcement linkage can enhance protection effectiveness.In theory,enriching the theory of cross-border trademark protection and expanding research on brand rights protection in the context of global supply chains.In practice,it helps enterprises adjust their trademark layout,avoid legal risks,and improve market competitiveness.Due to the complexity of the legal environment and limitations in data acquisition,future research will strengthen data analysis,promote international cooperation in intelligent supervision,and build a more efficient cross-border well-known trademark protection mechanism.展开更多
文摘This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52371131)the 10th Youth Talent Lifting Project of the China Association for Science and Technology.
文摘Rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur(M-S)batteries,including Li/Na/K-S chemistries,have the potential to utilize abundant and low-cost sulfur cathodes yet offer high theoretical energy densities.However,their practical electrochemical performance is fundamentally limited by the polysulfide shuttle effect.This challenge is particularly exacerbated in Na-S and K-S systems owing to larger metal-ion radii,weaker solvation energies,slower redox kinetics,and greater electrolyte-electrode incompatibilities compared to Li-S batteries.This review presents a comparative analysis of interface engineering strategies designed to suppress the shuttle effect across these three systems.Following a summary of sulfur cathode properties and reaction mechanisms,we systematically examine the origins of polysulfide shuttling.Our analysis progresses from functional separator design and interlayer enhancements to the implementation of solid-state electrolytes for root-cause inhibition.By evaluating interface engineering research specific to Na-S and K-S batteries,we elucidate both shared principles and unique challenges inherent to alkali M-S systems.Finally,we propose multifaceted solutions to achieve shuttlefree operation and enhance overall battery performance,thereby establishing a foundation for future advancements.
基金funded by the Chongqing Water Resources Bureau,China(Project No.CQS24C00836).
文摘We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We systematically analyze the technical pathways for deploying LLMs in disaster scenarios,emphasizing three breakthrough directions:(1)knowledge graph-driven dynamic risk modeling,(2)reinforcement learning-optimized emergency decision systems,and(3)secure local deployment architectures.The DeepSeek model demonstrates unique advantages through its hybrid reasoning mechanism combining semantic analysis with geospatial pattern recognition,enabling cost-effective processing of multi-source data spanning historical disaster records,real-time IoT sensor feeds,and socio-environmental parameters.A modular system architecture is designed to achieve three critical objectives:(a)automated construction of domain-specific knowledge graphs through unsupervised learning of disaster physics relationships,(b)scenario-adaptive resource allocation using risk simulations,and(c)preserving emergency coordination via federated learning across distributed response nodes.The proposed local deployment paradigm addresses critical data security concerns in cross-border disaster management while complying with the FAIR principles(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)for geoscientific data governance.This work establishes a methodological foundation for next-generation AI-earth science convergence in disaster mitigation.
文摘Hong Kong has a high concentration of developments on hilly terrain in close proximity to man-made slopes and natural hillsides.Because of the high seasonal rainfall,these man-made slopes and natural hillsides would pose a risk to the public as manifested by a death toll of 470 people due to landslides since the late 1940s.In 1977,the Government of the Hong Kong SAR embarked on a systematic programme,known as the Landslip Preventive Measure(LPM)Programme,to retroft substandard man-made slopes.From 1977 to 2010,about 4500 substandard government man-made slopes have been upgraded through engineering works.During the period,the Programme had evolved progressively in response to Government’s internal demand for continuous improvement and rising public expectation for slope safety.In 2010,the Government implemented the Landslip Prevention and Mitigation(LPMit)Programme to dovetail with the LPM Programme,with the focus on retroftting the remaining moderate-risk substandard man-made slopes and mitigating systematically the natural terrain landslide risk pursuant to the"react-to-known"hazard principle.This paper presents the evolution of the LPM and LPMit Programmes as well as the insight on landslide prevention and mitigation through engineering works.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Stability Support Plan(Grant No.20231122095154003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51978671 and 52378425)Guizhou Provincial Department of Transportation Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023-122-003)。
文摘Due to space constraints in mountainous areas,twin tunnels are sometimes constructed very close to each other or even overlap.This proximity challenges the structural stability of tunnels built with the drill-and-blast method,as the short propagation distance amplifies blasting vibrations.A case of blasting damage is reported in this paper,where concrete cracks crossed construction joints in the twin-arch lining.To identify the causes of these cracks and develop effective vibration mitigation measures,field monitoring and numerical analysis were conducted.Specifically,a restart method was used to simulate the second peak particle velocity(PPV)of MS3 delays occurring 50 ms after the MS1 delays.The study found that the dynamic tensile stress in the tunnel induced by the blast wave has a linear relationship with the of the product of the concrete wave impedance and the PPV.A blast vibration velocity exceeding 23.3 cm/s resulted in tensile stress in the lining surpassing the ultimate tensile strength of C30 concrete,leading to tensile cracking on the blast-facing arch of the constructed tunnel.To control excessive vi-bration velocity,a mitigation trench was implemented to reduce blast wave impact.The trench,approximately 15 m in length,50 cm in width,and 450 cm in height,effectively lowered vibration ve-locities,achieving an average reduction rate of 52%according to numerical analysis.A key innovation of this study is the on-site implementation and validation of the trench's effectiveness in mitigating vi-brations.A feasible trench construction configuration was proposed to overcome the limitations of a single trench in fully controlling vibrations.To further enhance protection,zoned blasting and an auxiliary rock pillar,80 cm in width,were incorporated to reinforce the mid-wall.This study introduces novel strategies for vibration protection in tunnel blasting,offering innovative solutions to address blasting-induced vibrations and effectively minimize their impact,thereby enhancing safety and struc-tural stability.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3007900)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106204)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Basic Research Program(Natural Science Foundation)(No.BK20220082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271271)the Major Science&Technology Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources(No.SKS-2022025).
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.
基金the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC 102-2811-B-005022) for financially supporting
文摘Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossible to construct engineering structures in all debris flow areas in a short period. Therefore, the government aims to gradually develop non-structural preventive strategies, including evacuation planning, debris flow disaster emergency action system, disaster resistant community program, recruitment of debris flow professional volunteers, debris flow warning systems, and land management strategies, to mitigate disasters and secure the safety of residents. This review describes the processes and effects of recent debris flow non-structural preventive strategies in Taiwan. The average number of casualties prior to the year 2000 was far higher than the corresponding number after 2000 because debris flow evacuation drills have been promoted since 2000 and the debris flow disaster emergency action system has been progressively improved since 2002. Furthermore, the changes in risks caused by debris flow disasters before and after the implementation of non-structural preventive strategies were used to explain the effectiveness of these strategies at the community level. The results showed that softwarebased non-structural preventive strategies can effectively reduce the casualties caused by debris flows at both the national and community levels.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFC3805000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52025083 and 52208501)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(22dz1201400).
文摘As centers of human activity,cities concentrate populations,resources,and wealth in limited areas.According to the United Nations,55%of the global population now lives in urban areas[1].Moreover,the World Economic Forum’s“Global Risks Report 2023”[2]highlights natural disasters as a major threat to sustainable development,especially for densely populated cities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62271265)。
文摘In the field of quantum error mitigation,most current research separately addresses quantum gate noise mitigation and measurement noise mitigation.However,due to the typically high complexity of measurement noise mitigation methods,such as those based on estimating response matrices,the overall complexity of noise mitigation schemes increases when combining measurement noise mitigation with other quantum gate noise mitigation approaches.This paper proposes a low-complexity quantum error mitigation scheme that jointly mitigates quantum gate and measurement noise,specifically when measurement noise manifests as an amplitude damping channel.The proposed scheme requires estimating only three parameters to jointly mitigate both types of noise,whereas the zero-noise extrapolation method enhanced by response matrix estimation requires estimating at least six parameters under the same conditions.
文摘Acute abdomen refers to a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain that may require urgent surgical intervention, while biliary system diseases encompass disorders affecting the gallbladder, bile ducts, and associated structures. Acute abdomen during pregnancy represents one of the most challenging critical conditions in obstetrics, with its morbidity and mortality rates consistently ranking among the leading causes of maternal death. In recent years, with population aging and an increasing proportion of advanced-age pregnancies, the incidence of pregnancy-associated acute abdomen has shown an upward trend. This study systematically analyzes the primary etiologies, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of acute abdomen during pregnancy while exploring the effectiveness of preventive measures. Research indicates that pregnancy-specific anatomical and physiological changes, environmental factors, and genetic background play crucial roles in disease occurrence. The establishment of a comprehensive prevention system, including pre-pregnancy assessment, gestational monitoring, and emergency response planning, can significantly reduce incidence rates. Multi-center clinical data analysis demonstrates that early identification of risk factors, standardized prenatal examinations, and establishment of rapid diagnosis and treatment channels are key to improving successful treatment rates. This study provides new insights and methodologies for reducing the incidence and mortality rates of pregnancy-associated acute abdomen, holding significant implications for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)under Training Industrial Security Specialist for High-Tech Industry(RS-2024-00415520)supervised by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)under the ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD(ICAN)Program(No.IITP-2022-RS-2022-00156310)supervised by the Institute of Information&Communication Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP).
文摘As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. There exists a gap in research on the detection and response to attacks on Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanisms themselves, which would lead to service outages between nodes. Classifying exploitation and deceptive jamming attacks on control mechanisms is particularly challengingdue to their resemblance to normal heavy communication patterns. Accordingly, this paper proposes a machine learning-based selective attack mitigation model that detects DoS attacks on wireless networks by monitoring packet log data. Based on the type of detected attack, it implements effective corresponding mitigation techniques to restore performance to nodes whose availability has been compromised. Experimental results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed model is 14% higher than that of a baseline anomaly detection model. Further, the appropriate mitigation techniques selected by the proposed system based on the attack type improve the average throughput by more than 440% compared to the case without a response.
文摘Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ramifications.This study tries to suggest creative solutions that support human welfare and biodiversity while simultaneously resolving social problems by adopting NBS.An online survey using convenience and snowball sampling was conducted to assess the openness of Phnom Penh residents to adopting NBS for flood mitigation in their homes or buildings.The survey investigated perceptions of NBS effectiveness based on previous knowledge and flood risk perception.Results revealed a strong correlation between perceived efficacy and willingness to adopt NBS.Specifically,flood risk perception and prior knowledge significantly influenced the perceived effectiveness of NBS.Key findings indicate that high installation and maintenance costs,lack of awareness,limited space,cultural factors,and perceived ineffectiveness are primary barriers to NBS adoption.Additionally,specific regional factors contribute to reluctance in certain areas of Phnom Penh.To overcome these barriers,the study recommends that the Cambodian government and other stakeholders invest in public education campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of NBS.Financial incentives and subsidies should be provided to reduce the economic burden on residents.Furthermore,integrating NBS into urban planning and infrastructure development is crucial to enhance community resilience against floods.
基金funded by National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 24&ZD164)。
文摘Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms that affect farmers'willingness to participate in landslide prevention and mitigation(WPLPM).Conducted in Heifangtai,Gansu Province,China,renowned as the"landslide natural laboratory",this research employs multiple linear regression analysis on data from 399 questionnaires to pinpoint the key determinants of farmers'WPLPM.The findings reveal:(1)the"risk perception paradox"exists—farmers have high-risk perception but low WPLPM;(2)the impact of risk perception on WPLPM is tempered by self-efficacy related to fund,learning ability,and operation ability,offering an insight into the"risk perception paradox";and(3)There are significant positive influences of farmers'benefit perception,social network,and perceived responsibility on their WPLPM.Based on these insights,the study offers targeted policy recommendations.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under grant No.(IPP:421-611-2025).
文摘Over the past few years,Malware attacks have become more and more widespread,posing threats to digital assets throughout the world.Although numerous methods have been developed to detect malicious attacks,these malware detection techniques need to be more efficient in detecting new and progressively sophisticated variants of malware.Therefore,the development of more advanced and accurate techniques is necessary for malware detection.This paper introduces a comprehensive Dual-Channel Attention Deep Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(DCADBiLSTM)model for malware detection and riskmitigation.The Dual Channel Attention(DCA)mechanism improves themodel’s capability to concentrate on the features that aremost appropriate in the input data,which reduces the false favourable rates.The Bidirectional Long,Short-Term Memory framework helps capture crucial interdependence from past and future circumstances,which is essential for enhancing the model’s understanding of malware behaviour.As soon as malware is detected,the risk mitigation phase is implemented,which evaluates the severity of each threat and helps mitigate threats earlier.The outcomes of the method demonstrate better accuracy of 98.96%,which outperforms traditional models.It indicates the method detects and mitigates several kinds of malware threats,thereby providing a proactive defence mechanism against the emerging challenges in cybersecurity.
文摘This study aims to analyze waste mitigation policies implemented in South Tangerang City,Indonesia,which faces significant challenges in waste management.Despite various mitigation efforts,issues such as limited landfill capacity,low community participation in waste sorting,and inadequate treatment facilities continue to hinder effective waste management.Using a case study approach,the research assesses the effectiveness of existing policies and identifies key barriers.The findings show that poor waste management,characterized by a high volume of waste sent to landfills,leads to severe environmental pollution—including air,soil,and water contamination—and increases the risk of disasters such as landfill collapses.This negative impact is not only felt by the environment,but also has an impact on public health and regional budget efficiency.While initiatives such as the 3R(Reduce,Reuse,Recycle)program and organic waste treatment have been introduced,low community engagement and inadequate treatment facilities remain major obstacles.The study also compares successful waste management policies from developed countries such as Germany,Sweden,and South Korea,offering valuable insights for local policy adaptation.Based on these findings,the study recommends increasing government capacity,improving access to and the quality of Reduce,Reuse,Recycle(WPP3R)Waste Treatment sites,providing incentives,encouraging community involvement,and promoting collaboration between the public and private sectors to achieve more efficient and sustainable waste management.
文摘This research investigates the effectiveness of climate-related development aid in Indonesia’s climate mitigation.Specific objectives include assessing the contribution of official development assistance(ODA)to reducing CO_(2) emissions and evaluating the implementation of the Busan Principles of aid effectiveness to achieve Indonesia’s mitigation priorities and targets.We utilize a new primary dataset based on interviews with the most knowledgeable stakeholders of ODA on climate change mitigation.Additionally,we use secondary data from the annual Rio Marker and the Common Reporting Standard data of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.The results show a significant correlation between climate-related development aid and CO_(2) emission reduction in Indonesia.Additionally,the implementation of the Busan Principles enhances aid management by fostering project ownership and increasing the involvement of civil society and private sector.The study has implications for devising an effective climate change mitigation strategy for Indonesia.It is suggested that the government of Indonesia exercise greater flexibility and dynamism in engaging with development partners.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.72474200,72104223)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72221002)the Innovation Centre for Digital Business and Capital Development of Beijing Technology and Business University(Grant No.SZSK202211)。
文摘The land,water,energy use,and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions involved in agricultural production are intrinsically linked.However,quantitative characterization and scenario simulations of these elements'inherent interrelationships remain scarce.We developed a land–water–energy–GHG(LWEG)nexus framework for the North China Plain(NCP).The framework identifies the mutual feedback in the life cycle of agricultural production among the four factors.We applied the framework to assess the agricultural GHG mitigation potential for winter wheat,summer maize,and rice in NCP municipalities.The results showed that cropping structure optimization reduced GHG emissions by 1.96 Mt CO_(2)e.Controlling indirect energy consumption in upstream processes of crop production and reducing on-site energy use reduced the volume and intensity per unit area of agricultural GHG emissions.Because of the synergies between land,water,and energy,nexus management,which combines multiple measures of groundwater management,fertilizer,and energy control,has substantial GHG mitigation potential.The nexus management scenario produced a total GHG of 159.51 Mt CO_(2)e,a decrease of 15.38%from the baseline scenario.This study quantifies the LWEG nexus within agricultural production processes and identifies agricultural management practices that integrate water,energy conservation,and emissions mitigation contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals.
文摘Co-branding,as an innovative consumer model,is increasingly favored by“Generation Z”consumers and has become a preferred strategy for many brands to expand their market reach and achieve widespread recognition.However,with the rapid growth of the co-branding economy,trademark infringement issues related to co-branded products have become more prevalent,posing significant obstacles to the successful execution of co-branding marketing activities.Based on the different legal statuses of trademarks,this study systematically analyzes the various infringement risks that may arise in the use of trademarks within co-branding practices and explores corresponding risk prevention measures.The objective is to provide strong support for the healthy and sustainable development of the co-branding economy.
文摘The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively little research on its risk mitigation effectiveness in the context of supply chain fluctuations.Based on case studies of commercial law and data statistics,the study explores the relationship between protection efficiency and market response through legal applicability.Due to the long litigation cycle and uneven law enforcement,there are differences in market regulation,weakening the protection of well-known trademarks and exacerbating supply chain uncertainty.Strengthening international legal framework cooperation and promoting law enforcement linkage can enhance protection effectiveness.In theory,enriching the theory of cross-border trademark protection and expanding research on brand rights protection in the context of global supply chains.In practice,it helps enterprises adjust their trademark layout,avoid legal risks,and improve market competitiveness.Due to the complexity of the legal environment and limitations in data acquisition,future research will strengthen data analysis,promote international cooperation in intelligent supervision,and build a more efficient cross-border well-known trademark protection mechanism.
