N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data...N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes （LO-2）, using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione （GSH） rather than vitamin C （Vit C） could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.展开更多
New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively co...New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.展开更多
In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to devel...In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to develop a preventive conservation planto be integrated in the general management strategy of the Cathedral. The study included historic and archivist research, structural studies, mineralogical analyses, biological sampling, cleaning tests and microclimatic monitoring. The main weathering factors and the related damage processes were identified. Results have shown that the main responsible for the observed damage was the infiltration of rainwater through the roof, due to cracks in the structure of the Cathedral. Other environmental factors having a remarkable impact on the state of conservation of the polychrome and its substrate were the solar radiation, the thermo-hygrometric cycles, the particle deposition and the biological growth. Solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions, thus reducing further damage.展开更多
As one of the basic industries, agriculture is the material production department of the national economy. As the direct output of agriculture, agricultural products are not only the main source of farmers economy, bu...As one of the basic industries, agriculture is the material production department of the national economy. As the direct output of agriculture, agricultural products are not only the main source of farmers economy, but also one of the raw materials of industrial products, which have a direct impact on the stable development of social economy. However, crop diseases and insect pests, as the main restricting factors of agricultural products production, directly affect the yield and quality of crops. Guizhou is located in the hinterland of southwest China. The main crops are potatoes, rice and wheat. Because of the scattered production and planting of crops, the uniformity of crop pest control in some areas of Guizhou is low, and the comprehensive quality of farmers engaged in production is low, which makes the effectiveness and quality of crop pest control low. In recent years, the variety and quantity of crop diseases and insect pests in Guizhou have increased, threatening the increase of agricultural production and farmers income. Under this background, it is particularly important to control the occurrence regularity and control strategies of crop diseases and insect pests. Therefore, this paper will analyze the occurrence regularity and control strategies of crop diseases and pests, so as to improve the effectiveness of pest control in Guizhou and promote the stable development of social economy.展开更多
Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for...Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for POB,synthesizing current evidence on surgical techniques,perioperative management,and postoperative interventions.Effective prevention strategies include the use of regional vessel wrapping,optimal pancreatic anastomosis,and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis.Postoperative management strategies,such as early detection using predictive models and advanced imaging,along with endovascular interventions like angiographic embolization and stent graft placement,are essential for timely intervention.Risk factors,including pancreatic texture,anticoagulation therapy,and patient comorbidities,further influence bleeding outcomes.The minireview also identifies gaps in current research and emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to establish standardized protocols.Overall,a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise,predictive analytics,and personalized care is essential to improving patient out comes and minimizing the risk of POB following PD.展开更多
The study analyzed the effect of dental caries prevention strategies on caries incidence,oral hygiene status and parental satisfaction.The results showed that the comprehensive application of multiple prevention strat...The study analyzed the effect of dental caries prevention strategies on caries incidence,oral hygiene status and parental satisfaction.The results showed that the comprehensive application of multiple prevention strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries,improve oral hygiene and improve parental satisfaction.By reviewing the literature at home and abroad in recent years,this paper aims to explore the effect of childhood caries prevention strategies in oral clinical application,and provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the prevention of childhood caries in oral clinical work.展开更多
As one of the most prevalent malignant tumors,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents a major global public health burden.Traditionally,HCC pathogenesis has been attributed to chronic liver diseases(viral hepatitis,ci...As one of the most prevalent malignant tumors,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents a major global public health burden.Traditionally,HCC pathogenesis has been attributed to chronic liver diseases(viral hepatitis,cirrhosis)and aflatoxin exposure.However,with evolving lifestyles and environmental changes,sleep disorders have become increasingly prevalent.Emerging evidence suggest that sleep disorders may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms,including immunity environment disorder,oxidative stress,metabolic dysregulation,disruption of gut microbiota,and circadian rhythm disruption,thereby influencing disease progression and patient prognosis.This review summarizes epidemiological evidence on the relationship between sleep disorders and HCC incidence,explores the underlying mechanisms through which sleep disorders contribute to HCC,and discusses clinical challenges and potential intervention strategies.Our objective is to provide novel insights into HCC prevention and therapeutic approaches.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colonic anastomotic leakage(AL)remains a feared complication of colorectal surgery.Usually,a defunctioning stoma or a proximal colostomy is performed to reduce the AL rate but cannot completely prevent AL.M...BACKGROUND Colonic anastomotic leakage(AL)remains a feared complication of colorectal surgery.Usually,a defunctioning stoma or a proximal colostomy is performed to reduce the AL rate but cannot completely prevent AL.Moreover,defunctioning colostomy is associated with high morbidity.This study assessed the feasibility of completely preventing colonic AL using total enteric flow diversion without a defunctioning stoma in a pig model of colonic AL.AIM To determine the feasibility of preventing colonic AL via total enteric flow diversion in pigs.METHODS A total of 14 pigs underwent surgery to create colon anaesthesia with severe defects for establishing the AL model.The pigs were then randomized into the control group(n=7),which received no further therapy,and a diversion group(n=7),which underwent placement of a modified ileostomy tube to divert the enteric contents from the colon externally.The general condition,serum Creactive protein level,white blood cell count,5-day incidence of colon AL,and development of abdominal abscesses were evaluated.RESULTS A modified ileostomy tube with a balloon was placed and pressurized to 20 kPa at a distance of 10-20 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve,effectively obstructing the intestine without causing injury and efficiently diverting the enteric contents.In the diversion group,no cases of peritonitis or abscess were observed.In contrast,all pigs in the control group developed either abdominal abscesses or peritonitis.CONCLUSION Instead of ileostomy or colostomy,the total enteric flow diversion technique with the placement of a modified ileostomy tube and balloon in the ileum can effectively or completely prevent colon AL.展开更多
This study presents a comprehensive overview of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP),detailing its epidemiology,pathophysiology,prevention,and treatment.PEP is the most common com...This study presents a comprehensive overview of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP),detailing its epidemiology,pathophysiology,prevention,and treatment.PEP is the most common complication of ERCP,with an incidence of 3%,16%,and above 20%in high-risk patients.Proposed mechanisms include mechanical trauma,pancreatic-duct(PD)hypertension,oxidative stress,and dysbiosis-driven inflammation.Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a central pathological driver:It activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and the STING pathway,perpetuating a deleterious“injury-inflammation"cycle.Risk factors encompass patient characteristics,procedural variables,and operator-related factors.Preventive strategies combine pharmacological and procedural measures.Rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),such as indomethacin,inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.European guidelines report that NSAIDs reduce the overall incidence of PEP,with odds ratios of 0.24-0.63.Subgroup analyses indicate the greatest benefit in high-risk cohorts,with mixed-risk groups also deriving more benefit than average-risk groups.In high-risk patients,prophylactic PD stenting markedly lowers PEP incidence by alleviating ductal hypertension.Aggressive fluid resuscitation enhances pancreatic perfusion and decreases the frequency of moderate-to-severe PEP.Recent therapeutic advances emphasize targeted interventions.Mitochondria-directed nanomedicines cross the blood-pancreas barrier,scavenge reactive oxygen species,and attenuate inflammatory cascades.A multidisciplinary team(MDT)approach optimizes infection control and manages complications in severe PEP,improving clinical outcomes.Future research should focus on addressing genetic susceptibility,developing novel targeted agents,and integrating artificial intelligence-assisted risk stratification to refine personalized prevention and therapy.This article reviews the epidemiological and pathophysiological foundations of PEP,evaluates evidencebased preventive strategies(e.g.,NSAIDs,pancreatic duct stenting),and discusses emerging approaches such as gene therapy.It also summarizes advances in treating mild and severe PEP,highlights the role of MDT care,identifies current knowledge gaps,and proposes directions for future research,including the discovery of novel biomarkers and the development of personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variat...As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variations in the distribution of the tuberculosis epidemic.To enhance the efficiency of prevention and control,its strategies are undergoing a transition toward regionally differentiated approaches~([2]).展开更多
In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positi...In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positive samples were inoculated into Marc-145 cells to observe lesions. The Marc-145 cells with cytopathic lesions were identified by indirect immunofluorescence. The whole genome sequences of the isolated and purified strains were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed for homology and genetic evolution. A strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), named SCMY2023 (GenBank No. PQ179742), was successfully isolated. SCMY2023 has a genome length of 15,321 base pairs (without a poly A tail). Nucleotide and amino acid homology analyses suggest that this strain belongs to Lineage 8, a variant of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) prevalent in China. Recombination and genetic evolution analyses indicate that this isolate is a PRRSV variant that recombined with HuN-ZZ (Lineage 8, 98.79% homology) on the backbone of the SCSN2020 strain (Lineage 8, 99.35% homology) in the recombination region from 4407 to 13,107 nucleotides (ORF1a to ORF3). In-depth study of the genetic recombination of this isolate can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PRRS.展开更多
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of H...Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection,including the global and domestic epidemic situation,transmission routes,and characteristics of high-risk groups.It also introduces comprehensive prevention and control strategies in detail.Through analysis,it aims to provide a reference for further optimizing HIV prevention and control work.展开更多
TWith the global acceleration of population aging,the number of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)continues to rise,and falls have become one of the main issues affecting their health and quality of life.The risk ...TWith the global acceleration of population aging,the number of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)continues to rise,and falls have become one of the main issues affecting their health and quality of life.The risk of falls is significantly increased in PD patients due to multiple factors,including motor symptoms,non-motor symptoms,medication side effects,unsafe environments,and psychological or behavioral factors.Falls can cause severe physical injuries,reduce independence,and trigger psychological problems such as depression and anxiety.In recent years,both domestic and international studies have made progress in identifying fall risk factors,developing risk assessment tools,and implementing multidimensional prevention strategies.Effective preventive measures include high-risk population screening,disease progression monitoring,exercise rehabilitation training,management of non-motor symptoms,medication optimization,environmental safety modifications,and psychological-behavioral interventions.Scientific and systematic comprehensive management can help reduce the incidence of falls among PD patients and improve their quality of life.This review summarizes the latest research advances on the main risk factors and preventive strategies for falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease,providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical nursing and rehabilitation interventions.展开更多
Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)is extensively used in critical care settings,because it plays a vital role in providing safe central venous entry.However,PICC is associated with several complications,whic...Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)is extensively used in critical care settings,because it plays a vital role in providing safe central venous entry.However,PICC is associated with several complications,which should be detected to shorten the duration of patients'improvement,reduce health care cost,and lessen the incidence of various PICC-related complications.Therefore,this study aimed to outline current literature on PICC procedures,potential complications,and measures for prevention.Understanding evidence-based guidelines regarding insertion technique,early detection of complications,and care bundle of PICC is significant in complication prevention.Implementation of education,training,and appropriate multidisciplinary approaches on PICC care among nurses and caregivers is the key to preventing complications.Thus,the strict care of indwelling PICC lines,the targeted and reasonable PICCassociated complication prevention,and nursing care have a major clinical significance in reducing the occurrence of potential PICC complications.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half...Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.展开更多
基金supported by Jiangsu Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program(LJ201130)
文摘N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes （LO-2）, using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione （GSH） rather than vitamin C （Vit C） could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.
文摘New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.
文摘In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to develop a preventive conservation planto be integrated in the general management strategy of the Cathedral. The study included historic and archivist research, structural studies, mineralogical analyses, biological sampling, cleaning tests and microclimatic monitoring. The main weathering factors and the related damage processes were identified. Results have shown that the main responsible for the observed damage was the infiltration of rainwater through the roof, due to cracks in the structure of the Cathedral. Other environmental factors having a remarkable impact on the state of conservation of the polychrome and its substrate were the solar radiation, the thermo-hygrometric cycles, the particle deposition and the biological growth. Solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions, thus reducing further damage.
文摘As one of the basic industries, agriculture is the material production department of the national economy. As the direct output of agriculture, agricultural products are not only the main source of farmers economy, but also one of the raw materials of industrial products, which have a direct impact on the stable development of social economy. However, crop diseases and insect pests, as the main restricting factors of agricultural products production, directly affect the yield and quality of crops. Guizhou is located in the hinterland of southwest China. The main crops are potatoes, rice and wheat. Because of the scattered production and planting of crops, the uniformity of crop pest control in some areas of Guizhou is low, and the comprehensive quality of farmers engaged in production is low, which makes the effectiveness and quality of crop pest control low. In recent years, the variety and quantity of crop diseases and insect pests in Guizhou have increased, threatening the increase of agricultural production and farmers income. Under this background, it is particularly important to control the occurrence regularity and control strategies of crop diseases and insect pests. Therefore, this paper will analyze the occurrence regularity and control strategies of crop diseases and pests, so as to improve the effectiveness of pest control in Guizhou and promote the stable development of social economy.
文摘Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for POB,synthesizing current evidence on surgical techniques,perioperative management,and postoperative interventions.Effective prevention strategies include the use of regional vessel wrapping,optimal pancreatic anastomosis,and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis.Postoperative management strategies,such as early detection using predictive models and advanced imaging,along with endovascular interventions like angiographic embolization and stent graft placement,are essential for timely intervention.Risk factors,including pancreatic texture,anticoagulation therapy,and patient comorbidities,further influence bleeding outcomes.The minireview also identifies gaps in current research and emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to establish standardized protocols.Overall,a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise,predictive analytics,and personalized care is essential to improving patient out comes and minimizing the risk of POB following PD.
文摘The study analyzed the effect of dental caries prevention strategies on caries incidence,oral hygiene status and parental satisfaction.The results showed that the comprehensive application of multiple prevention strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries,improve oral hygiene and improve parental satisfaction.By reviewing the literature at home and abroad in recent years,this paper aims to explore the effect of childhood caries prevention strategies in oral clinical application,and provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the prevention of childhood caries in oral clinical work.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270634.
文摘As one of the most prevalent malignant tumors,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents a major global public health burden.Traditionally,HCC pathogenesis has been attributed to chronic liver diseases(viral hepatitis,cirrhosis)and aflatoxin exposure.However,with evolving lifestyles and environmental changes,sleep disorders have become increasingly prevalent.Emerging evidence suggest that sleep disorders may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms,including immunity environment disorder,oxidative stress,metabolic dysregulation,disruption of gut microbiota,and circadian rhythm disruption,thereby influencing disease progression and patient prognosis.This review summarizes epidemiological evidence on the relationship between sleep disorders and HCC incidence,explores the underlying mechanisms through which sleep disorders contribute to HCC,and discusses clinical challenges and potential intervention strategies.Our objective is to provide novel insights into HCC prevention and therapeutic approaches.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,No.2024XQLH027.
文摘BACKGROUND Colonic anastomotic leakage(AL)remains a feared complication of colorectal surgery.Usually,a defunctioning stoma or a proximal colostomy is performed to reduce the AL rate but cannot completely prevent AL.Moreover,defunctioning colostomy is associated with high morbidity.This study assessed the feasibility of completely preventing colonic AL using total enteric flow diversion without a defunctioning stoma in a pig model of colonic AL.AIM To determine the feasibility of preventing colonic AL via total enteric flow diversion in pigs.METHODS A total of 14 pigs underwent surgery to create colon anaesthesia with severe defects for establishing the AL model.The pigs were then randomized into the control group(n=7),which received no further therapy,and a diversion group(n=7),which underwent placement of a modified ileostomy tube to divert the enteric contents from the colon externally.The general condition,serum Creactive protein level,white blood cell count,5-day incidence of colon AL,and development of abdominal abscesses were evaluated.RESULTS A modified ileostomy tube with a balloon was placed and pressurized to 20 kPa at a distance of 10-20 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve,effectively obstructing the intestine without causing injury and efficiently diverting the enteric contents.In the diversion group,no cases of peritonitis or abscess were observed.In contrast,all pigs in the control group developed either abdominal abscesses or peritonitis.CONCLUSION Instead of ileostomy or colostomy,the total enteric flow diversion technique with the placement of a modified ileostomy tube and balloon in the ileum can effectively or completely prevent colon AL.
文摘This study presents a comprehensive overview of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP),detailing its epidemiology,pathophysiology,prevention,and treatment.PEP is the most common complication of ERCP,with an incidence of 3%,16%,and above 20%in high-risk patients.Proposed mechanisms include mechanical trauma,pancreatic-duct(PD)hypertension,oxidative stress,and dysbiosis-driven inflammation.Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a central pathological driver:It activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and the STING pathway,perpetuating a deleterious“injury-inflammation"cycle.Risk factors encompass patient characteristics,procedural variables,and operator-related factors.Preventive strategies combine pharmacological and procedural measures.Rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),such as indomethacin,inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.European guidelines report that NSAIDs reduce the overall incidence of PEP,with odds ratios of 0.24-0.63.Subgroup analyses indicate the greatest benefit in high-risk cohorts,with mixed-risk groups also deriving more benefit than average-risk groups.In high-risk patients,prophylactic PD stenting markedly lowers PEP incidence by alleviating ductal hypertension.Aggressive fluid resuscitation enhances pancreatic perfusion and decreases the frequency of moderate-to-severe PEP.Recent therapeutic advances emphasize targeted interventions.Mitochondria-directed nanomedicines cross the blood-pancreas barrier,scavenge reactive oxygen species,and attenuate inflammatory cascades.A multidisciplinary team(MDT)approach optimizes infection control and manages complications in severe PEP,improving clinical outcomes.Future research should focus on addressing genetic susceptibility,developing novel targeted agents,and integrating artificial intelligence-assisted risk stratification to refine personalized prevention and therapy.This article reviews the epidemiological and pathophysiological foundations of PEP,evaluates evidencebased preventive strategies(e.g.,NSAIDs,pancreatic duct stenting),and discusses emerging approaches such as gene therapy.It also summarizes advances in treating mild and severe PEP,highlights the role of MDT care,identifies current knowledge gaps,and proposes directions for future research,including the discovery of novel biomarkers and the development of personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies.
文摘As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variations in the distribution of the tuberculosis epidemic.To enhance the efficiency of prevention and control,its strategies are undergoing a transition toward regionally differentiated approaches~([2]).
文摘In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positive samples were inoculated into Marc-145 cells to observe lesions. The Marc-145 cells with cytopathic lesions were identified by indirect immunofluorescence. The whole genome sequences of the isolated and purified strains were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed for homology and genetic evolution. A strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), named SCMY2023 (GenBank No. PQ179742), was successfully isolated. SCMY2023 has a genome length of 15,321 base pairs (without a poly A tail). Nucleotide and amino acid homology analyses suggest that this strain belongs to Lineage 8, a variant of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) prevalent in China. Recombination and genetic evolution analyses indicate that this isolate is a PRRSV variant that recombined with HuN-ZZ (Lineage 8, 98.79% homology) on the backbone of the SCSN2020 strain (Lineage 8, 99.35% homology) in the recombination region from 4407 to 13,107 nucleotides (ORF1a to ORF3). In-depth study of the genetic recombination of this isolate can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PRRS.
文摘Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection,including the global and domestic epidemic situation,transmission routes,and characteristics of high-risk groups.It also introduces comprehensive prevention and control strategies in detail.Through analysis,it aims to provide a reference for further optimizing HIV prevention and control work.
文摘TWith the global acceleration of population aging,the number of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)continues to rise,and falls have become one of the main issues affecting their health and quality of life.The risk of falls is significantly increased in PD patients due to multiple factors,including motor symptoms,non-motor symptoms,medication side effects,unsafe environments,and psychological or behavioral factors.Falls can cause severe physical injuries,reduce independence,and trigger psychological problems such as depression and anxiety.In recent years,both domestic and international studies have made progress in identifying fall risk factors,developing risk assessment tools,and implementing multidimensional prevention strategies.Effective preventive measures include high-risk population screening,disease progression monitoring,exercise rehabilitation training,management of non-motor symptoms,medication optimization,environmental safety modifications,and psychological-behavioral interventions.Scientific and systematic comprehensive management can help reduce the incidence of falls among PD patients and improve their quality of life.This review summarizes the latest research advances on the main risk factors and preventive strategies for falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease,providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical nursing and rehabilitation interventions.
文摘Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)is extensively used in critical care settings,because it plays a vital role in providing safe central venous entry.However,PICC is associated with several complications,which should be detected to shorten the duration of patients'improvement,reduce health care cost,and lessen the incidence of various PICC-related complications.Therefore,this study aimed to outline current literature on PICC procedures,potential complications,and measures for prevention.Understanding evidence-based guidelines regarding insertion technique,early detection of complications,and care bundle of PICC is significant in complication prevention.Implementation of education,training,and appropriate multidisciplinary approaches on PICC care among nurses and caregivers is the key to preventing complications.Thus,the strict care of indwelling PICC lines,the targeted and reasonable PICCassociated complication prevention,and nursing care have a major clinical significance in reducing the occurrence of potential PICC complications.
基金Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No.2020-10)the Beijing Young Talent Program (No.2016000021469G189)。
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.
