Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological process...Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological processes,including vascular smooth muscle relaxation,myocardial cell function regulation,neuron growth,and synaptic plasticity,et al.In recent years,the role of PKG in diseases has gradually attracted attention,and the abnormalities in its signaling pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Although PKG has been widely studied,its complex functions in different physiological systems and potential innovative applications still need to be further explored.This article reviews the purification techniques for PKG,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods,summarizes the structure and activation mechanism of each domain of PKG,and analyzes the physiological functions of PKG in organisms,especially the well-established roles in the cardiovascular system,nervous system,and endocrine system.The emerging therapeutic applications of PKG are also reviewed.In addition,the challenges of this field are proposed at the end.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which wer...[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.展开更多
The physiological mechanism of photosynthetic function and senescence of rice leaves was studied by using early rice variety Baliangyou 100 and late rice variety Weiyou 46, treated with controlled-release nitrogen fer...The physiological mechanism of photosynthetic function and senescence of rice leaves was studied by using early rice variety Baliangyou 100 and late rice variety Weiyou 46, treated with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF）, urea and no nitrogen fertilizer. CRNF showed obvious effects on delaying the senescence and prolonging photosynthetic function duration of rice leaves. Compared with urea, CRNF could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of functional leaves in both early and late rice varieties, and this difference between the treatments became larger as rice growth progressed; CRNF increased the activities of active oxygen scavenging enzymes super oxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD）, and decreased the accumulation amount of malondialdehyde （MDA） in functional leaves during leaf aging; Photosynthetic rate of functional leaves in CRNF treatment was significantly higher than that in urea treatment. The result also indicated that CRNF could effectively regulate the contents of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and abscisic acid （ABA） in functional leaves; IAA content was higher and ABA content was lower in CRNF treatment than those in urea treatment. Therefore, application of CRNF could increase the rice yield significantly due to these physiological changes in the functional leaves.展开更多
As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory,...As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immune regulation and hormone-like effects. Phytosterol does not show any toxicity to human and animals, and it is a new functional feed additive approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. This article generally reviewed the physiological function of phytosterol like regulation of cholesterol metabolism, antioxidation, hormone-like effects, and its application on animal, production like hypolipidemic and improving dairy animals＇ milk composition. The paper provides a reference for wide application of phytosterol in animal feed.展开更多
Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity o...Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity of animals and improving gastrointestinal mieroflora. Lysozyme is non-toxic to livestock and poultry without drug residue or side effects, which is a novel green health-care feed additive. In this paper, the types, function mechanisms and physiological functions of lysozyme and its application in livestock industry were summarized, aiming at providing a scientific basis for the application of lysozyme in animal feeds.展开更多
Phytosterols are a kind of active ingredients in plants with various physiological functions.Phytosterols have a good effect in antagonizing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases.They also have physiologi...Phytosterols are a kind of active ingredients in plants with various physiological functions.Phytosterols have a good effect in antagonizing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases.They also have physiological functions including regulating growth,promoting protein synthesis,resisting inflammation,oxidation and cancer,and regulating immune and parahormones.In this paper,the physicochemical properties of phytosterols,the mechanism of lowering cholesterol,their application in food field and their development prospects were systematically reviewed.展开更多
As a product in the process of insulin synthesis, C-peptide’s physiological function is still not very clear. Recent studies have shown that C-peptide has many potential cell targets and has biological effects on a v...As a product in the process of insulin synthesis, C-peptide’s physiological function is still not very clear. Recent studies have shown that C-peptide has many potential cell targets and has biological effects on a variety of tissue systems in humans and other animals. In this paper, the effects of C-peptide on diabetic complications, reproductive endocrine system, blood system, tissue repair, and neoplastic diseases were reviewed to provide references for further clarification of c-peptide related problems.展开更多
G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest protein superfamily in the body,expressed in various tissues and organs,and are currently one of the most important clinical drug targets.Recently,a class of GPCRs wit...G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest protein superfamily in the body,expressed in various tissues and organs,and are currently one of the most important clinical drug targets.Recently,a class of GPCRs without endogenous ligands(orphan GPCRs)have been discovered.They exhibit different physiological functions in the body and act extensively on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.Among them,G protein-coupled receptor 124(GPR124)is an orphaned member of the G protein coupled receptor adhesion family that has attracted much attention.It plays a key role in promoting cerebral angiogenesis and maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier.It also associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia and atherosclerosis.However,the role of GPR124 in these diseases,the associated signaling pathways,and possible drug intervention targets are still unclear.This article summarizes the physiological effects,pharmacological effects and related signal pathways of GPR124 published in the field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases published in recent years,in order to provide a reference for the study of the role of GPR124 in the occurrence and development of diseases.展开更多
The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and thiobarbitudc acid reaction substance （TBARS）, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide d...The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and thiobarbitudc acid reaction substance （TBARS）, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） of flag leaves at the late growth stages were studied by using C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinitions as material and Shanyou 63 as control. The C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinations used in the experiment included C Liangyou 396, C Liangyou 87, C Liangyou 755 and C Liangyou 34, which all used C815S as male sterile line. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars and soluble proteins in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations at the late growth stages were higher than those of the control, whereas the TBARS content was lower than that of the control. The activities of SOD and POD were significantly higher than those of the control on the 7th day after heading, and then decreased slowly. ~bps, value and qp value of flag leaves decreased at the late growth stages, and these two parameters in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations were higher than those of the control, while the qN value increased at the late growth stages and was lower than that of the control. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the late growth stage was higher compared with the control. These results suggest that slow senescence and strong photosynthetic capability in flag leaves at the late growth stages are the physiological basis of the C Liangyou series combinations.展开更多
Cancer cell lines have been used widely in cancer biology, and as biological or functional cell systems in many biomedical research fields. These cells are usually defective for many normal activities or functions due...Cancer cell lines have been used widely in cancer biology, and as biological or functional cell systems in many biomedical research fields. These cells are usually defective for many normal activities or functions due to significant genetic and epigenetic changes. Normal primary cell yields and viability from any original tissue specimens are usually relatively low or highly variable. These normal cells cease after a few passages or population doublings due to very limited proliferative capacity. Animal models(ferret, mouse, etc.) are often used to study virus-host interaction. However, viruses usually need to be adapted to the animals by several passages due to tropism restrictions including viral receptors and intracellular restrictions. Here we summarize applications of conditionally reprogrammed cells(CRCs), long-term cultures of normal airway epithelial cells from human nose to lung generated by conditional cell reprogramming(CR) technology, as an ex vivo model in studies of emerging viruses. CR allows to robustly propagate cells from non-invasive or minimally invasive specimens, for example, nasal or endobronchial brushing. This process is rapid(2 days) and conditional. The CRCs maintain their differentiation potential and lineage functions, and have been used for studies of adenovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, parvovirus, and SARS-CoV. The CRCs can be easily used for airliquid interface(ALI) polarized 3 D cultures, and these coupled CRC/ALI cultures mimic physiological conditions and are suitable for studies of viral entry including receptor binding and internalization, innate immune responses, viral replications, and drug discovery as an ex vivo model for emerging viruses.展开更多
From the view of the physical model,structure and function characteristics,the material basis and clinical application of Yin-Yang theory,analysing and thinking combined with modern medical theory,this paper finds tha...From the view of the physical model,structure and function characteristics,the material basis and clinical application of Yin-Yang theory,analysing and thinking combined with modern medical theory,this paper finds that as one of the most basic and important theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Yin-Yang theory reveals the understanding of human physiology in TCM,which has many consensuses with modern medicine,so it is worth studying further.展开更多
In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers su...In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.展开更多
Noninvasive detection of human physiology plays a key role for diagnosis or therapeutic assessment of various diseases.In the past,many functional modalities,such as electrocardiograph(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),f...Noninvasive detection of human physiology plays a key role for diagnosis or therapeutic assessment of various diseases.In the past,many functional modalities,such as electrocardiograph(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),fluorescence microscope,and positron emission computed tomography(PETS)have been applied to clinic for probing human heart,brain waves or tissue metabolism,owing to rapid development in fields of electromagnetism,optics or particle physics.Nowadays,a few smart sensing technologies are emerging for human physiology detection in more wide range.展开更多
细胞自噬作为真核生物中高度保守的保护机制,通过降解并循环利用细胞成分,在植物生长发育和逆境响应中发挥着关键作用。本研究旨在全面阐述植物自噬的生物发生机制及其生理功能,为后续深入研究提供理论基础,并探索其在作物养分高效和抗...细胞自噬作为真核生物中高度保守的保护机制,通过降解并循环利用细胞成分,在植物生长发育和逆境响应中发挥着关键作用。本研究旨在全面阐述植物自噬的生物发生机制及其生理功能,为后续深入研究提供理论基础,并探索其在作物养分高效和抗逆育种中的应用潜力。植物自噬包括巨自噬、微自噬和分子伴侣介导自噬,其生物发生过程包括激活启动、膜延伸、自噬体形成及与液泡融合降解4个阶段,受ATG基因(autophagyrelated gene,ATG)和SnRK1/TOR(SNF1-related protein kinase,SnRK1/target of rapamycin,TOR)相关信号通路调控。Sn RK1可通过TOR依赖和非依赖方式调节自噬,ATG基因在自噬各阶段发挥关键作用,如ATG1/ATG13复合体、ATG12-ATG5-ATG16复合体、ATG8脂化等。自噬调控植物根系发育、养分高效吸收以及衰老与养分循环利用,并增强植物对氮、磷和锌、铁、镉等微量元素胁迫,以及盐、干旱、高温、水淹等非生物胁迫的耐受性。未来研究需深入解析自噬的时空调控网络,整合多组学技术,系统探索其在养分跨膜转运中的机制,及其与激素信号和营养代谢之间的交互作用,同时,结合作物育种,聚焦养分高效吸收、利用与抗逆,推动“自噬-养分高效-抗逆”协同调控,为培育高效抗逆作物提供理论支持,推动农业高效、可持续发展。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22374033,22174031,22407037)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2022B001).
文摘Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological processes,including vascular smooth muscle relaxation,myocardial cell function regulation,neuron growth,and synaptic plasticity,et al.In recent years,the role of PKG in diseases has gradually attracted attention,and the abnormalities in its signaling pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Although PKG has been widely studied,its complex functions in different physiological systems and potential innovative applications still need to be further explored.This article reviews the purification techniques for PKG,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods,summarizes the structure and activation mechanism of each domain of PKG,and analyzes the physiological functions of PKG in organisms,especially the well-established roles in the cardiovascular system,nervous system,and endocrine system.The emerging therapeutic applications of PKG are also reviewed.In addition,the challenges of this field are proposed at the end.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Construction of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of BAAFS(KJCX201101010-22)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270770)Foundation for Achievement Transfer(02EFN214301156) Key Subject Foundation of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(03-05).
文摘The physiological mechanism of photosynthetic function and senescence of rice leaves was studied by using early rice variety Baliangyou 100 and late rice variety Weiyou 46, treated with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF）, urea and no nitrogen fertilizer. CRNF showed obvious effects on delaying the senescence and prolonging photosynthetic function duration of rice leaves. Compared with urea, CRNF could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of functional leaves in both early and late rice varieties, and this difference between the treatments became larger as rice growth progressed; CRNF increased the activities of active oxygen scavenging enzymes super oxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD）, and decreased the accumulation amount of malondialdehyde （MDA） in functional leaves during leaf aging; Photosynthetic rate of functional leaves in CRNF treatment was significantly higher than that in urea treatment. The result also indicated that CRNF could effectively regulate the contents of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and abscisic acid （ABA） in functional leaves; IAA content was higher and ABA content was lower in CRNF treatment than those in urea treatment. Therefore, application of CRNF could increase the rice yield significantly due to these physiological changes in the functional leaves.
基金Supported by Major Project of National Spark Program(2011GA650001)
文摘As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immune regulation and hormone-like effects. Phytosterol does not show any toxicity to human and animals, and it is a new functional feed additive approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. This article generally reviewed the physiological function of phytosterol like regulation of cholesterol metabolism, antioxidation, hormone-like effects, and its application on animal, production like hypolipidemic and improving dairy animals＇ milk composition. The paper provides a reference for wide application of phytosterol in animal feed.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Program of North Jiangsu(BN2014076)
文摘Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity of animals and improving gastrointestinal mieroflora. Lysozyme is non-toxic to livestock and poultry without drug residue or side effects, which is a novel green health-care feed additive. In this paper, the types, function mechanisms and physiological functions of lysozyme and its application in livestock industry were summarized, aiming at providing a scientific basis for the application of lysozyme in animal feeds.
文摘Phytosterols are a kind of active ingredients in plants with various physiological functions.Phytosterols have a good effect in antagonizing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases.They also have physiological functions including regulating growth,promoting protein synthesis,resisting inflammation,oxidation and cancer,and regulating immune and parahormones.In this paper,the physicochemical properties of phytosterols,the mechanism of lowering cholesterol,their application in food field and their development prospects were systematically reviewed.
文摘As a product in the process of insulin synthesis, C-peptide’s physiological function is still not very clear. Recent studies have shown that C-peptide has many potential cell targets and has biological effects on a variety of tissue systems in humans and other animals. In this paper, the effects of C-peptide on diabetic complications, reproductive endocrine system, blood system, tissue repair, and neoplastic diseases were reviewed to provide references for further clarification of c-peptide related problems.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960663,81860640)Key Project of Education Department of Hainan Province(No.Hnky2019ZD-25)。
文摘G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest protein superfamily in the body,expressed in various tissues and organs,and are currently one of the most important clinical drug targets.Recently,a class of GPCRs without endogenous ligands(orphan GPCRs)have been discovered.They exhibit different physiological functions in the body and act extensively on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.Among them,G protein-coupled receptor 124(GPR124)is an orphaned member of the G protein coupled receptor adhesion family that has attracted much attention.It plays a key role in promoting cerebral angiogenesis and maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier.It also associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia and atherosclerosis.However,the role of GPR124 in these diseases,the associated signaling pathways,and possible drug intervention targets are still unclear.This article summarizes the physiological effects,pharmacological effects and related signal pathways of GPR124 published in the field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases published in recent years,in order to provide a reference for the study of the role of GPR124 in the occurrence and development of diseases.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2006AA100101)the Agricultural Technological Results Transformation Fund,China(Grant Nos.2007GB2D200226 and 2008GB2D200227)
文摘The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and thiobarbitudc acid reaction substance （TBARS）, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） of flag leaves at the late growth stages were studied by using C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinitions as material and Shanyou 63 as control. The C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinations used in the experiment included C Liangyou 396, C Liangyou 87, C Liangyou 755 and C Liangyou 34, which all used C815S as male sterile line. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars and soluble proteins in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations at the late growth stages were higher than those of the control, whereas the TBARS content was lower than that of the control. The activities of SOD and POD were significantly higher than those of the control on the 7th day after heading, and then decreased slowly. ~bps, value and qp value of flag leaves decreased at the late growth stages, and these two parameters in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations were higher than those of the control, while the qN value increased at the late growth stages and was lower than that of the control. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the late growth stage was higher compared with the control. These results suggest that slow senescence and strong photosynthetic capability in flag leaves at the late growth stages are the physiological basis of the C Liangyou series combinations.
基金part support by a GUMC COVID-19 grant (to XL)the support from Center for Cell Reprogramming,GUMC。
文摘Cancer cell lines have been used widely in cancer biology, and as biological or functional cell systems in many biomedical research fields. These cells are usually defective for many normal activities or functions due to significant genetic and epigenetic changes. Normal primary cell yields and viability from any original tissue specimens are usually relatively low or highly variable. These normal cells cease after a few passages or population doublings due to very limited proliferative capacity. Animal models(ferret, mouse, etc.) are often used to study virus-host interaction. However, viruses usually need to be adapted to the animals by several passages due to tropism restrictions including viral receptors and intracellular restrictions. Here we summarize applications of conditionally reprogrammed cells(CRCs), long-term cultures of normal airway epithelial cells from human nose to lung generated by conditional cell reprogramming(CR) technology, as an ex vivo model in studies of emerging viruses. CR allows to robustly propagate cells from non-invasive or minimally invasive specimens, for example, nasal or endobronchial brushing. This process is rapid(2 days) and conditional. The CRCs maintain their differentiation potential and lineage functions, and have been used for studies of adenovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, parvovirus, and SARS-CoV. The CRCs can be easily used for airliquid interface(ALI) polarized 3 D cultures, and these coupled CRC/ALI cultures mimic physiological conditions and are suitable for studies of viral entry including receptor binding and internalization, innate immune responses, viral replications, and drug discovery as an ex vivo model for emerging viruses.
文摘From the view of the physical model,structure and function characteristics,the material basis and clinical application of Yin-Yang theory,analysing and thinking combined with modern medical theory,this paper finds that as one of the most basic and important theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Yin-Yang theory reveals the understanding of human physiology in TCM,which has many consensuses with modern medicine,so it is worth studying further.
基金supported by the Shanghai New Three-year Action Plan for Public Health(Grant No.GWV-10.1-XK16)the US National Institute on Aging(RO1-AGO34479).
文摘In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.
文摘Noninvasive detection of human physiology plays a key role for diagnosis or therapeutic assessment of various diseases.In the past,many functional modalities,such as electrocardiograph(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),fluorescence microscope,and positron emission computed tomography(PETS)have been applied to clinic for probing human heart,brain waves or tissue metabolism,owing to rapid development in fields of electromagnetism,optics or particle physics.Nowadays,a few smart sensing technologies are emerging for human physiology detection in more wide range.
文摘细胞自噬作为真核生物中高度保守的保护机制,通过降解并循环利用细胞成分,在植物生长发育和逆境响应中发挥着关键作用。本研究旨在全面阐述植物自噬的生物发生机制及其生理功能,为后续深入研究提供理论基础,并探索其在作物养分高效和抗逆育种中的应用潜力。植物自噬包括巨自噬、微自噬和分子伴侣介导自噬,其生物发生过程包括激活启动、膜延伸、自噬体形成及与液泡融合降解4个阶段,受ATG基因(autophagyrelated gene,ATG)和SnRK1/TOR(SNF1-related protein kinase,SnRK1/target of rapamycin,TOR)相关信号通路调控。Sn RK1可通过TOR依赖和非依赖方式调节自噬,ATG基因在自噬各阶段发挥关键作用,如ATG1/ATG13复合体、ATG12-ATG5-ATG16复合体、ATG8脂化等。自噬调控植物根系发育、养分高效吸收以及衰老与养分循环利用,并增强植物对氮、磷和锌、铁、镉等微量元素胁迫,以及盐、干旱、高温、水淹等非生物胁迫的耐受性。未来研究需深入解析自噬的时空调控网络,整合多组学技术,系统探索其在养分跨膜转运中的机制,及其与激素信号和营养代谢之间的交互作用,同时,结合作物育种,聚焦养分高效吸收、利用与抗逆,推动“自噬-养分高效-抗逆”协同调控,为培育高效抗逆作物提供理论支持,推动农业高效、可持续发展。
