During the critical transformation period of landscape architecture major after the adjustment of disciplinary structure and the changes in market demand,private colleges and universities,as important places for culti...During the critical transformation period of landscape architecture major after the adjustment of disciplinary structure and the changes in market demand,private colleges and universities,as important places for cultivating local talents,have pain points such as uneven quality of teachers and students and weak innovation and practice.The practice system with“multi-dimensional Integration”integrates four dimensions:interdisciplinary integration,spatial and temporal intersection,historical inheritance,and behavioral activity,deepens the disciplinary connotation,and integrates the three elements of nature,humanity,and technology,aiming to provide a new path for private colleges and universities to cultivate application-oriented and compound talents with innovative capabilities.In terms of optimizing talent cultivation and adapting to industry changes,this system provides thinking and reference for landscape architecture major,helping the major reshape its core competitiveness and promoting educational innovation and industry development.展开更多
Building information modeling(BIM)course is a subject course integrating project management course and BIM Technology.BIM-based engineering project teaching is different from traditional engineering project management...Building information modeling(BIM)course is a subject course integrating project management course and BIM Technology.BIM-based engineering project teaching is different from traditional engineering project management.It has many advantages such as information creation,information management,digital management of information sharing,and so on,which improves the integration of project management as a whole.Therefore,it is crucial to improve the curriculum system of colleges and universities by setting up BIM courses,and to integrate BIM knowledge into the curriculum system.Setting up BIM courses and integrating BIM knowledge into the curriculum system have also been the highlight for colleges and universities.The engineering management major of the university is combined with the BIM curriculum system to adjust the relevant talent training plan.Foreign countries have gradually integrated BIM technology into the classroom teaching system,and domestic curriculum teaching is undergoing a reform and is under development.Through a systematic link between theory and practical education,a targeted,accurate,and efficient characteristic curriculum system for engineering management specialty has been developed.展开更多
Current entrepreneurship education and practices in colleges and universities of China against the background of new countryside construction were analyzed,and compared with foreign practices.SWOT analysis was adopted...Current entrepreneurship education and practices in colleges and universities of China against the background of new countryside construction were analyzed,and compared with foreign practices.SWOT analysis was adopted to further elaborate current entrepreneurship education and practices in agricultural and forestry colleges and universities of China.Driven by education courses and practices,a sound course and practice system was established by considering characteristics and specialties of agricultural and forestry colleges and universities,which was significant for undergraduates from agricultural and forestry colleges and universities who want to start their own business,and also for the construction of new socialist countryside.展开更多
The rapid development of information technology and the new economy is a challenge to the training of computer technology and engineering professionals. The cultivation of engineering talents in Computer Engineering u...The rapid development of information technology and the new economy is a challenge to the training of computer technology and engineering professionals. The cultivation of engineering talents in Computer Engineering under the new engineering is an important part of the construction and exploration of new engineering in universities. According to the teaching reform of computer specialty in the new engineering construction, starting from the practice of curriculum system of software, mainly discusses the basic ideas of practice teaching reform of the course of computer software, software engineering practice curriculum system and practice curriculum system implementation method. The basic ideas of teaching reform practice in the course of the software include: expanding computer professional students' knowledge, strengthening students' computer science and software engineering knowledge and engineering practice ability, strengthening the frontiers of computer science and technology guide. Software practice course system is divided into three levels, including basic language course, engineering basic professional practice course and the professional practice course of engineering application direction. The implementation method of engineering application practice curriculum system is discussed in detail, such as strengthening university-enterprise cooperation, introducing teachers of social training institutions and guiding students to participate in subject competition and innovation projects.展开更多
The evaluation of social practice outcomes is a critical component of the social practice mechanisms in colleges and universities,serving as a core index to assess the effectiveness of practice activities and the qual...The evaluation of social practice outcomes is a critical component of the social practice mechanisms in colleges and universities,serving as a core index to assess the effectiveness of practice activities and the quality of student training.This paper employs CiteSpace to analyze references,keyword co-occurrence maps,time zone maps,and time diagrams,identifying key research hotspots in social practice evaluation systems domestically and internationally.These hotspots include the construction of evaluation indicators,evaluation pathways,and methods.Additionally,this study compares and summarizes the evolution of social practice evaluation systems across regions.It highlights that foreign social practice evaluation systems are characterized by diverse interpretative paradigms,an emphasis on students’self-reflection during the evaluation process,and more robust theoretical foundations.These findings provide valuable insights for domestic colleges and universities seeking to build social practice evaluation systems with relevant content and effective results.展开更多
This paper introduces the experience and practice in constructing the practical teaching system for the course“Electric Machine and Drive.”In response to the current status of cultivating innovative practical abilit...This paper introduces the experience and practice in constructing the practical teaching system for the course“Electric Machine and Drive.”In response to the current status of cultivating innovative practical abilities among electrical engineering majors,based on the independently developed virtual simulation experimental teaching platform for Electric Machine and Drive,a stepped practical teaching process consisting of“classroom teaching-experimental teaching-comprehensive training-scientific inquiry”has been elaborately designed.A hierarchical practical teaching model for the second classroom has also been established.With teaching objectives as the optimization index,the teaching content,methods and means have been optimized;the teaching process has been organized and implemented in the form of team collaboration,thus constructing a comprehensive,stepped,hierarchical,and closed-loop innovative practical teaching system.This achievement provides references and assistance for the practical teaching of the same or similar majors in other colleges and universities.展开更多
A systematic review was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze the methods as well as recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines （CPG） and Best Practice Statements （BPS） concerning varicocele in the ...A systematic review was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze the methods as well as recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines （CPG） and Best Practice Statements （BPS） concerning varicocele in the pediatric and adolescent population. An electronic search was performed with the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scielo databases, as well as guidelines＇ Web sites until September 2015. Four guidelines were included in the qualitative synthesis. In general, the recommendations provided by the CPG/BPS were consistent despite the existence of some gaps across the studies. The guidelines issued by the American Urological Association （AUA） and American Society for Reproductive Medicine （ASRM） did not provide evidence-based levels for the recommendations given. Most of the recommendations given by the European Association of Urology （EAU） and European Society of Pediatric Urology （ESPU） were derived from nonrandomized clinical trials, retrospective studies, and expert opinion. Among all CPG/BPS, only one was specifically designed for the pediatric population. The studied guidelines did not undertake independent cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit analysis. The main objectives of these guidelines were to translate the best evidence into practice and provide a framework of standardized care while maintaining clinical autonomy and physician judgment. However, the limitations identified in the CPG/BPS for the diagnosis and management of varicocele in children and adolescents indicate ample opportunities for research and future incorporation of higher quality standards in patient care.展开更多
With the continuous development of power electronic devices,intelligent control systems,and other technologies,the voltage level and transmission capacity of voltage source converter (VSC)-high-voltage direct current ...With the continuous development of power electronic devices,intelligent control systems,and other technologies,the voltage level and transmission capacity of voltage source converter (VSC)-high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology will continue to increase,while the system losses and costs will gradually decrease.Therefore,it can be foreseen that VSC-HVDC transmission technology will be more widely applied in future large-scale renewable energy development projects.Adopting VSC-HVDC transmission technology can be used to overcome issues encountered by large-scale renewable energy transmission and integration projects,such as a weak local power grid,lack of support for synchronous power supply,and insufficient accommodation capacity.However,this solution also faces many technical challenges because of the differences between renewable energy and traditional synchronous power generation systems.Based on actual engineering practices that are used worldwide,this article analyzes the technical challenges encountered by integrating large-scale renewable energy systems that adopt the use of VSC-HVDC technology,while aiming to provide support for future research and engineering projects related to VSC-HVDC-based large-scale renewable energy integration projects.展开更多
In more recent times, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements have formed an important part of as- sessing the quality of routine care in general practice. For a measure to have clinical usefulness it must...In more recent times, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements have formed an important part of as- sessing the quality of routine care in general practice. For a measure to have clinical usefulness it must not only be valid, appro- priate, reliable, responsive, and capable of being interpreted, but it must also be simple, fast to complete, easy to score, and provide useful clinical data. The Two-step method of choosing appropriate measures is introduced. Then through comparison of generic instruments with disease-specific instruments, we can conclude that sometimes a combination of generic and disease-specific HRQOL measures may be more appropriate for monitoring changes in a patient’s health status due to an intervention.展开更多
The behaviors of typical iron ores at high temperature were observed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Four critical temperature points and liquid flow velocity at high temperatures of iron ores were obtained and...The behaviors of typical iron ores at high temperature were observed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Four critical temperature points and liquid flow velocity at high temperatures of iron ores were obtained and the temperature points contain temperature at which sample starts to shrink, temperature at which the initial liquid phase forms, temperature at which a lot of liquid forms and temperature at which liquid consolidation ends. Under the same CaO to Fe203 ratio, the liquid phase fluidity of iron ore fines of Carajas （IOC） is good. However, under the same basicity, as the content of SiO2 in IOC is low, the liquid phase fluidity of IOC is much smaller than that of Yandi fine. After analysis of the initial formation and development of the liquid phase and the final consolidation process, the high-temperature process evaluation system （HTPES for short） of iron ore was established. The idea of ＂dense ore matching fusible ore＂ instead of ＂relatively fusible ore＂ was proposed based on the results of HTPES and applied in ore matching of a sinter plant from Shougang Jingtang. The use of IOC （13-18%） instead of standard sintering fines （SSF） improved liquid phase fluidity and ensured the sinter quality. Furthermore, the use of IOC fine （18-23%） with Hainan fine （0-2%） instead of SSF, a mixture of hematite and Marra Mamba ore and concentrates guaranteed the quality of sinter ore through improving fluidity, in the meantime reducing ore matching costs. With the establishment and application of HTPES, the sinter plant has achieved good economic benefits under the premise of ensuring the quality of sinter ore.展开更多
In order to respond to the new engineering construction of the Ministry of Education,and explore the innovative talent training model of collaborative education and multidisciplinary integration,this paper relies on t...In order to respond to the new engineering construction of the Ministry of Education,and explore the innovative talent training model of collaborative education and multidisciplinary integration,this paper relies on the software engineering teaching team of the School of Software Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,through the implementation of the collaborative education project of the Ministry of Education,and proposes the multi-course collaborative practice teaching system,through the reasonable cross-fusion of the practical links of the 5 software engineering courses in the college,realizes the multi-course collaborative education and reasonable cross-fusion of courses,shares practical project resources,introduces new enterprise technologies,and guides students’innovation and entrepreneurship provide a meaningful reference for the collaborative arrangement of teaching content and cross-disciplinary integration in the current university education system.展开更多
BACKGROUND System based practice(SBP) milestones require trainees to effectively navigate the larger health care system for optimal patient care. In gastroenterology training programs, the assessment of SBP is difficu...BACKGROUND System based practice(SBP) milestones require trainees to effectively navigate the larger health care system for optimal patient care. In gastroenterology training programs, the assessment of SBP is difficult due to high volume, high acuity inpatient care, as well as inconsistent direct supervision. Nevertheless,structured assessment is required for training programs. We hypothesized that objective structured clinical examination(OSCE) would be an effective tool for assessment of SBP.AIM To develop a novel method for SBP milestone assessment of gastroenterology fellows using the OSCE.METHODS For this observational study, we created 4 OSCE stations: Counseling an impaired colleague, handoff after overnight call, a feeding tube placement discussion, and giving feedback to a medical student on a progress note. Twentysix first year fellows from 7 programs participated. All fellows encountered identical case presentations. Checklists were completed by trained standardized patients who interacted with each fellow participant. A report with individual and composite scores was generated and forwarded to program directors to utilize in formative assessment. Fellows also received immediate feedback from a faculty observer and completed a post-session program evaluation survey.RESULTS Survey response rate was 100%. The average composite score across SBP milestones for all cases were 6.22(SBP1), 4.34(SBP2), 3.35(SBP3), and 6.42(SBP4)out of 9. The lowest composite score was in SBP 3, which asks fellows to advocate for cost effective care. This highest score was in patient care 2, which asks fellows to develop comprehensive management plans. Discrepancies were identified between the fellows’ perceived performance in their self-assessments and Standardized Patient checklist evaluations for each case. Eighty-seven percent of fellows agreed that OSCEs are an important component of their clinical training,and 83% stated that the cases were similar to actual clinical encounters. All participating fellows stated that the immediate feedback was "very useful." One hundred percent of the fellows stated they would incorporate OSCE learning into their clinical practice.CONCLUSION OSCEs may be used for standardized evaluation of SBP milestones. Trainees scored lower on SBP milestones than other more concrete milestones. Training programs should consider OSCEs for assessment of SBP.展开更多
Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds...Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development （LID） options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.展开更多
With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovativ...With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovative and entrepreneurial education idea, persisting in cultivation-orientation and comprehensively improving personnel training quality have become an important development direction of higher education, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education reform has provided an impetus for the comprehensive reform in colleges and universities. In this context, how to combine the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the traditional teaching system proves to be an important issue to be considered in the development of colleges and universities. The construction of three teaching platforms for innovation, practice and entrepreneurship enables the idea of innovation and entrepreneurship education to be incorporated into the teaching process of Chinese architectural history, thereby carrying out a systematic, comprehensive, far-reaching teaching system reform. The past several years have witnessed a good teaching effect in University of Science and Technology Liaoning due to the implementation of the teaching system reform. It is hoped that the teaching system reform carried out by University of Science and Technology Liaoning can provide a reference for the teaching of Chinese architectural history.展开更多
English practice teaching has outstanding superiority over the extension and supplementation of English classroom teaching, and practice teaching is an indispensably important part of college English teaching. To stud...English practice teaching has outstanding superiority over the extension and supplementation of English classroom teaching, and practice teaching is an indispensably important part of college English teaching. To students, cultivation of the ability of practice is vital, affecting students＇ employment and future. To universities, teaching quality has a direct impact on the development prospect of schools and decides the future of schools. Moreover, local normal universities also undertake a more important task to cultivate local high-quality talents teaching primary and junior high schools. These teaching talents undertake the great task of English teaching over primary and junior high school students, and thus the construction and implementation of practice teaching system of English major in normal universities are urgent.展开更多
The footprints of water and nitrogen(WF and NF)provide a comprehensive overview of the type and quantity of water consumption and reactive nitrogen(Nr)loss in crop production.In this study,a field experiment over two ...The footprints of water and nitrogen(WF and NF)provide a comprehensive overview of the type and quantity of water consumption and reactive nitrogen(Nr)loss in crop production.In this study,a field experiment over two years(2019 and 2020)compared three integrated agronomic practice management(IAPM)systems:An improved management system(T2),a high-yield production system(T3),and an integrated soil-crop management system(ISCM)using a local smallholder farmer’s practice system(T1)as control,to investigate the responses of WF,Nr losses,water use efficiency(WUE),and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)to IAPM.The results showed that IAPM optimized water distribution and promoted water use by summer maize.The evapotranspiration over the whole maize growth period of IAPM increased,but yield increased more,leading to a significant increase in WUE.The WUE of the T2,T3,and ISCM treatments was significantly greater than in the T1 treatment,in 2019 and 2020respectively,by 19.8-21.5,31.8-40.6,and 34.4-44.6%.The lowest WF was found in the ISCM treatment,which was 31.0%lower than that of the T1 treatment.In addition,the ISCM treatment optimized soil total nitrogen(TN)distribution and significantly increased TN in the cultivated layer.Excessive nitrogen fertilizer was applied in treatment T3,producing the highest maize yield,and resulting in the highest Nr losses.In contrast,the ISCM treatment used a reduced nitrogen fertilizer rate,sacrificing grain yield partly,which reduced Nr losses and eventually led to a significant increase in nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen recovery.The Nr level in the ISCM treatment was34.8%lower than in the T1 treatment while NUE was significantly higher than in the T1 treatment by 56.8-63.1%in2019 and 2020,respectively.Considering yield,WUE,NUE,WF,and NF together,ISCM should be used as a more sustainable and clean system for sustainable production of summer maize.展开更多
AIM To examine the practice pattern in Kaiser Permanente Southern California(KPSC), i.e., gastroenterology(GI)/surgery referrals and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS), for pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) after the regionwi...AIM To examine the practice pattern in Kaiser Permanente Southern California(KPSC), i.e., gastroenterology(GI)/surgery referrals and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS), for pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) after the regionwide dissemination of the PCN management algorithm.METHODS Retrospective review was performed; patients with PCN diagnosis given between April 2012 and April 2015(18 mo before and after the publication of the algorithm) in KPSC(integrated health system with 15 hospitals and 202 medical offices in Southern California) were identified.RESULTS2558(1157 pre-and 1401 post-algorithm) received a new diagnosis of PCN in the study period. There was no difference in the mean cyst size(pre-19.1 mm vs post-18.5 mm, P = 0.119). A smaller percentage of PCNs resulted in EUS after the implementation of the algorithm(pre-45.5% vs post-34.8%, P < 0.001). A smaller proportion of patients were referred for GI(pre-65.2% vs post-53.3%, P < 0.001) and surgery consultations(pre-24.8% vs post-16%, P < 0.001) for PCN after the implementation. There was no significant change in operations for PCNs. Cost of diagnostic care was reduced after the implementation by 24%, 18%, and 36% for EUS, GI, and surgery consultations, respectively, with total cost saving of 24%.CONCLUSION In the current healthcare climate, there is increased need to optimize resource utilization. Dissemination of an algorithm for PCN management in an integrated health system resulted in fewer EUS and GI/surgery referrals, likely by aiding the physicians ordering imaging studies in the decision making for the management of PCNs. This translated to cost saving of 24%, 18%, and 36% for EUS, GI, and surgical consultations, respectively, with total diagnostic cost saving of 24%.展开更多
There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure(SDI)planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI,due to the high com...There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure(SDI)planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI,due to the high complexity of SDI,lack of knowledge and experience,and limited insight in the benefits.To address these challenges,a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania,based on the system dynamics technique and the communities of practice concept,was adopted and applied within a community consisting of experts from stakeholder organizations.The groups gathered to develop an SDI plan,while they shared their knowledge and discussed their ideas that helped their understanding of SDI.By running the system dynamics model,the development of SDI over time could be simulated that gave the planning community an insight about the future effects of today’s plans and decisions.Finally,an optimum model could be developed by refinements and improvements done with the consensus of the SDI stakeholders.This model included the components and policies that are essential for a successful SDI implementation in Tanzania and can be used as a basis for SDI planning and help to gain political support.Lessons learnt from this research were promising regarding the usability of the methodology for SDI planning in comparable countries.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To assess the quality of Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)in the context of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and determine whether any factors affect the quality.METHODS:We searched eight databases along with fi...OBJECTIVE:To assess the quality of Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)in the context of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and determine whether any factors affect the quality.METHODS:We searched eight databases along with five international and national organizations to develop or archive guidelines from their inception to July 2023,with an additional search of medlive.cn.And the authoritative organizations related to nephrology.CPGs and consensus statements created using direct differential diagnosis or therapy for DKD were included without language restrictions.Their quality was evaluated by four reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ)instrument.Along with the item and domain scores,the guideline was also allocated an overall quality score,which ranged from 1(lowest possible quality)to 7(highest possible quality).Moreover,an overall recommendation for use was also assigned(“recommended”,“recommended with modifications”or“not recommended”).RESULTS:A total of 16 CPGs were included,of which 14 were from Asia and the remaining two from Europe.These two CPGs were updated in the third version.Six CPGs were recommended for use because their primary domains scored in the medium or high category.Furthermore,five CPGs were recommended with modifications as the stakeholder involvement,applicability,and editorial independence domains were evaluated as low categories.In all domains,the lowest average score was for rigour of development(33%),followed by application(36%),and stakeholder involvement(51%).The highest average score was for scope and purpose(79%),followed by clarity of presentation(75%).None of the CPGs considered the patient's viewpoint,and six of 16 CPGs did not use any grading system to translate the evidence into recommendations.Additionally,only three of 16 CPGs shared search strategy,and eight of 16 CPGs did not declare a funding source.CONCLUSIONS:According to the AGREE II evaluation,more than one in four CPGs for DKD had poor methodological quality.Enhanced efforts are needed to advance the rigour of development,application,and editorial independence of DKD guideline panels for most guidelines.Stakeholders,CPG developers,and CPG users should consider methodological quality while choosing CPGs,and interpret and implement their issued suggestions.展开更多
Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertine...Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertinent English-language literature was undertaken during the study's extension until October 2023.The search used Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Science Direct,Web of Science,EMBASE,Springer,and ProQuest.A quality assessment checklist developed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included papers.Inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics were employed in the STATA software version 14 to assess study heterogeneity.When there was heterogeneity,the Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used.Results:59 Studies totaling 87353 participants were included in this meta-analysis.These investigations included 86278 participants in 55 studies on knowledge,20196 in 33 studies on attitudes,and 74881 in 29 studies on practices.The pooled estimates for sufficient knowledge,positive attitudes,and dengue fever preventive behaviors among the general population were determined as 40.1%(95%CI 33.8%-46.5%),46.8%(95%CI 35.8%-58.9%),and 38.3%(95%CI 28.4%-48.2%),respectively.Europe exhibits the highest knowledge level at 63.5%,and Africa shows the lowest at 20.3%.Positive attitudes are most prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean(54.1%)and Southeast Asia(53.6%),contrasting sharply with the Americas,where attitudes are notably lower at 9.05%.Regarding preventive behaviors,the Americas demonstrate a prevalence of 12.1%,Southeast Asia at 28.1%,Western Pacific at 49.6%,Eastern Mediterranean at 44.8%,and Africa at 47.4%.Conclusions:Regional disparities about the knowledge,attitude and preventive bahaviors are evident with Europe exhibiting the highest knowledge level while Africa has the lowest.These findings emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions tailored to regional contexts,highlighting the need for region-specific strategies to enhance dengue-related knowledge and encourage positive attitudes and preventive behaviors.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the Quality Engineering Project of Education Department of Anhui Province(2022jyxm671)Research Team Project of Anhui Xinhua University(kytd202202)+1 种基金Key Project of Scientific Research(Natural Science)of Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province(2022AH051861)Teaching Reform Research and Practice Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Xinhua University(2024jy035).
文摘During the critical transformation period of landscape architecture major after the adjustment of disciplinary structure and the changes in market demand,private colleges and universities,as important places for cultivating local talents,have pain points such as uneven quality of teachers and students and weak innovation and practice.The practice system with“multi-dimensional Integration”integrates four dimensions:interdisciplinary integration,spatial and temporal intersection,historical inheritance,and behavioral activity,deepens the disciplinary connotation,and integrates the three elements of nature,humanity,and technology,aiming to provide a new path for private colleges and universities to cultivate application-oriented and compound talents with innovative capabilities.In terms of optimizing talent cultivation and adapting to industry changes,this system provides thinking and reference for landscape architecture major,helping the major reshape its core competitiveness and promoting educational innovation and industry development.
文摘Building information modeling(BIM)course is a subject course integrating project management course and BIM Technology.BIM-based engineering project teaching is different from traditional engineering project management.It has many advantages such as information creation,information management,digital management of information sharing,and so on,which improves the integration of project management as a whole.Therefore,it is crucial to improve the curriculum system of colleges and universities by setting up BIM courses,and to integrate BIM knowledge into the curriculum system.Setting up BIM courses and integrating BIM knowledge into the curriculum system have also been the highlight for colleges and universities.The engineering management major of the university is combined with the BIM curriculum system to adjust the relevant talent training plan.Foreign countries have gradually integrated BIM technology into the classroom teaching system,and domestic curriculum teaching is undergoing a reform and is under development.Through a systematic link between theory and practical education,a targeted,accurate,and efficient characteristic curriculum system for engineering management specialty has been developed.
基金Sponsored by Youth Program of National Social Science Foundation(12CGL063)Youth Program of Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education(13YJC790101)+2 种基金Basic Scientific Research Program of Central Universities(SWU1309392)Youth Program of Chongqing Social Science Planning(2012QNJJ011)2011 Key Projects of Chongqing Humanities and Social Science Key Research Center(Agricultural Education Development Research Center of Southwest University)
文摘Current entrepreneurship education and practices in colleges and universities of China against the background of new countryside construction were analyzed,and compared with foreign practices.SWOT analysis was adopted to further elaborate current entrepreneurship education and practices in agricultural and forestry colleges and universities of China.Driven by education courses and practices,a sound course and practice system was established by considering characteristics and specialties of agricultural and forestry colleges and universities,which was significant for undergraduates from agricultural and forestry colleges and universities who want to start their own business,and also for the construction of new socialist countryside.
文摘The rapid development of information technology and the new economy is a challenge to the training of computer technology and engineering professionals. The cultivation of engineering talents in Computer Engineering under the new engineering is an important part of the construction and exploration of new engineering in universities. According to the teaching reform of computer specialty in the new engineering construction, starting from the practice of curriculum system of software, mainly discusses the basic ideas of practice teaching reform of the course of computer software, software engineering practice curriculum system and practice curriculum system implementation method. The basic ideas of teaching reform practice in the course of the software include: expanding computer professional students' knowledge, strengthening students' computer science and software engineering knowledge and engineering practice ability, strengthening the frontiers of computer science and technology guide. Software practice course system is divided into three levels, including basic language course, engineering basic professional practice course and the professional practice course of engineering application direction. The implementation method of engineering application practice curriculum system is discussed in detail, such as strengthening university-enterprise cooperation, introducing teachers of social training institutions and guiding students to participate in subject competition and innovation projects.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education’s General Scientific Research Project(Project No.2023-007)the Zhejiang Provincial Graduate Education Association(Project No.2023-007).
文摘The evaluation of social practice outcomes is a critical component of the social practice mechanisms in colleges and universities,serving as a core index to assess the effectiveness of practice activities and the quality of student training.This paper employs CiteSpace to analyze references,keyword co-occurrence maps,time zone maps,and time diagrams,identifying key research hotspots in social practice evaluation systems domestically and internationally.These hotspots include the construction of evaluation indicators,evaluation pathways,and methods.Additionally,this study compares and summarizes the evolution of social practice evaluation systems across regions.It highlights that foreign social practice evaluation systems are characterized by diverse interpretative paradigms,an emphasis on students’self-reflection during the evaluation process,and more robust theoretical foundations.These findings provide valuable insights for domestic colleges and universities seeking to build social practice evaluation systems with relevant content and effective results.
基金Project of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Educational Science in Liaoning Province(JG24DB234)Project of Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Research in Liaoning Province(LNYJG2023115)。
文摘This paper introduces the experience and practice in constructing the practical teaching system for the course“Electric Machine and Drive.”In response to the current status of cultivating innovative practical abilities among electrical engineering majors,based on the independently developed virtual simulation experimental teaching platform for Electric Machine and Drive,a stepped practical teaching process consisting of“classroom teaching-experimental teaching-comprehensive training-scientific inquiry”has been elaborately designed.A hierarchical practical teaching model for the second classroom has also been established.With teaching objectives as the optimization index,the teaching content,methods and means have been optimized;the teaching process has been organized and implemented in the form of team collaboration,thus constructing a comprehensive,stepped,hierarchical,and closed-loop innovative practical teaching system.This achievement provides references and assistance for the practical teaching of the same or similar majors in other colleges and universities.
文摘A systematic review was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze the methods as well as recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines （CPG） and Best Practice Statements （BPS） concerning varicocele in the pediatric and adolescent population. An electronic search was performed with the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scielo databases, as well as guidelines＇ Web sites until September 2015. Four guidelines were included in the qualitative synthesis. In general, the recommendations provided by the CPG/BPS were consistent despite the existence of some gaps across the studies. The guidelines issued by the American Urological Association （AUA） and American Society for Reproductive Medicine （ASRM） did not provide evidence-based levels for the recommendations given. Most of the recommendations given by the European Association of Urology （EAU） and European Society of Pediatric Urology （ESPU） were derived from nonrandomized clinical trials, retrospective studies, and expert opinion. Among all CPG/BPS, only one was specifically designed for the pediatric population. The studied guidelines did not undertake independent cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit analysis. The main objectives of these guidelines were to translate the best evidence into practice and provide a framework of standardized care while maintaining clinical autonomy and physician judgment. However, the limitations identified in the CPG/BPS for the diagnosis and management of varicocele in children and adolescents indicate ample opportunities for research and future incorporation of higher quality standards in patient care.
基金State Grid Corporation of China Science and Technology Project: Research on Power Transmission of Largescale Renewable Energy Base by VSC-LCC hybrid HVDC(No. NY71-19-037)
文摘With the continuous development of power electronic devices,intelligent control systems,and other technologies,the voltage level and transmission capacity of voltage source converter (VSC)-high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology will continue to increase,while the system losses and costs will gradually decrease.Therefore,it can be foreseen that VSC-HVDC transmission technology will be more widely applied in future large-scale renewable energy development projects.Adopting VSC-HVDC transmission technology can be used to overcome issues encountered by large-scale renewable energy transmission and integration projects,such as a weak local power grid,lack of support for synchronous power supply,and insufficient accommodation capacity.However,this solution also faces many technical challenges because of the differences between renewable energy and traditional synchronous power generation systems.Based on actual engineering practices that are used worldwide,this article analyzes the technical challenges encountered by integrating large-scale renewable energy systems that adopt the use of VSC-HVDC technology,while aiming to provide support for future research and engineering projects related to VSC-HVDC-based large-scale renewable energy integration projects.
文摘In more recent times, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements have formed an important part of as- sessing the quality of routine care in general practice. For a measure to have clinical usefulness it must not only be valid, appro- priate, reliable, responsive, and capable of being interpreted, but it must also be simple, fast to complete, easy to score, and provide useful clinical data. The Two-step method of choosing appropriate measures is introduced. Then through comparison of generic instruments with disease-specific instruments, we can conclude that sometimes a combination of generic and disease-specific HRQOL measures may be more appropriate for monitoring changes in a patient’s health status due to an intervention.
文摘The behaviors of typical iron ores at high temperature were observed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Four critical temperature points and liquid flow velocity at high temperatures of iron ores were obtained and the temperature points contain temperature at which sample starts to shrink, temperature at which the initial liquid phase forms, temperature at which a lot of liquid forms and temperature at which liquid consolidation ends. Under the same CaO to Fe203 ratio, the liquid phase fluidity of iron ore fines of Carajas （IOC） is good. However, under the same basicity, as the content of SiO2 in IOC is low, the liquid phase fluidity of IOC is much smaller than that of Yandi fine. After analysis of the initial formation and development of the liquid phase and the final consolidation process, the high-temperature process evaluation system （HTPES for short） of iron ore was established. The idea of ＂dense ore matching fusible ore＂ instead of ＂relatively fusible ore＂ was proposed based on the results of HTPES and applied in ore matching of a sinter plant from Shougang Jingtang. The use of IOC （13-18%） instead of standard sintering fines （SSF） improved liquid phase fluidity and ensured the sinter quality. Furthermore, the use of IOC fine （18-23%） with Hainan fine （0-2%） instead of SSF, a mixture of hematite and Marra Mamba ore and concentrates guaranteed the quality of sinter ore through improving fluidity, in the meantime reducing ore matching costs. With the establishment and application of HTPES, the sinter plant has achieved good economic benefits under the premise of ensuring the quality of sinter ore.
基金supported in part by Educational Reform Projects of BUPT.
文摘In order to respond to the new engineering construction of the Ministry of Education,and explore the innovative talent training model of collaborative education and multidisciplinary integration,this paper relies on the software engineering teaching team of the School of Software Engineering,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,through the implementation of the collaborative education project of the Ministry of Education,and proposes the multi-course collaborative practice teaching system,through the reasonable cross-fusion of the practical links of the 5 software engineering courses in the college,realizes the multi-course collaborative education and reasonable cross-fusion of courses,shares practical project resources,introduces new enterprise technologies,and guides students’innovation and entrepreneurship provide a meaningful reference for the collaborative arrangement of teaching content and cross-disciplinary integration in the current university education system.
文摘BACKGROUND System based practice(SBP) milestones require trainees to effectively navigate the larger health care system for optimal patient care. In gastroenterology training programs, the assessment of SBP is difficult due to high volume, high acuity inpatient care, as well as inconsistent direct supervision. Nevertheless,structured assessment is required for training programs. We hypothesized that objective structured clinical examination(OSCE) would be an effective tool for assessment of SBP.AIM To develop a novel method for SBP milestone assessment of gastroenterology fellows using the OSCE.METHODS For this observational study, we created 4 OSCE stations: Counseling an impaired colleague, handoff after overnight call, a feeding tube placement discussion, and giving feedback to a medical student on a progress note. Twentysix first year fellows from 7 programs participated. All fellows encountered identical case presentations. Checklists were completed by trained standardized patients who interacted with each fellow participant. A report with individual and composite scores was generated and forwarded to program directors to utilize in formative assessment. Fellows also received immediate feedback from a faculty observer and completed a post-session program evaluation survey.RESULTS Survey response rate was 100%. The average composite score across SBP milestones for all cases were 6.22(SBP1), 4.34(SBP2), 3.35(SBP3), and 6.42(SBP4)out of 9. The lowest composite score was in SBP 3, which asks fellows to advocate for cost effective care. This highest score was in patient care 2, which asks fellows to develop comprehensive management plans. Discrepancies were identified between the fellows’ perceived performance in their self-assessments and Standardized Patient checklist evaluations for each case. Eighty-seven percent of fellows agreed that OSCEs are an important component of their clinical training,and 83% stated that the cases were similar to actual clinical encounters. All participating fellows stated that the immediate feedback was "very useful." One hundred percent of the fellows stated they would incorporate OSCE learning into their clinical practice.CONCLUSION OSCEs may be used for standardized evaluation of SBP milestones. Trainees scored lower on SBP milestones than other more concrete milestones. Training programs should consider OSCEs for assessment of SBP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51279064 and 51209090)
文摘Urbanization causes hydrological change and increases stormwater runoff volumes, leading to flooding, erosion, and the degradation of instream ecosystem health. Best management practices （BMPs）, like detention ponds and infiltration trenches, have been widely used to control flood runoff events for the past decade. However, low impact development （LID） options have been proposed as an alternative approach to better mimic the natural flow regime by using decentralized designs to control stormwater runoff at the source, rather than at a centralized location in the watershed. For highly urbanized areas, LID stormwater management practices such as bioretention cells and porous pavements can be used to retrofit existing infrastructure and reduce runoff volumes and peak flows. This paper describes a modeling approach to incorporate these LID practices and the two BMPs of detention ponds and infiltration trenches in an existing hydrological model to estimate the impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the surface runoff. The modeling approach has been used in a parking lot located in Lenexa, Kansas, USA, to predict hydrological performance of BMPs and LID practices. A performance indicator system including the flow duration curve, peak flow frequency exceedance curve, and runoff coefficient have been developed in an attempt to represent impacts of BMPs and LID practices on the entire spectrum of the runoff regime. Results demonstrate that use of these BMPs and LID practices leads to significant stormwater control for small rainfall events and less control for flood events.
基金Sponsored by 2016 Liaoning Provincial Program for the 13~(th) Five-Year Plan for Education Science(JG16DB222)2017 Teaching Reform Program for University of Science and Technology Liaoning
文摘With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovative and entrepreneurial education idea, persisting in cultivation-orientation and comprehensively improving personnel training quality have become an important development direction of higher education, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education reform has provided an impetus for the comprehensive reform in colleges and universities. In this context, how to combine the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the traditional teaching system proves to be an important issue to be considered in the development of colleges and universities. The construction of three teaching platforms for innovation, practice and entrepreneurship enables the idea of innovation and entrepreneurship education to be incorporated into the teaching process of Chinese architectural history, thereby carrying out a systematic, comprehensive, far-reaching teaching system reform. The past several years have witnessed a good teaching effect in University of Science and Technology Liaoning due to the implementation of the teaching system reform. It is hoped that the teaching system reform carried out by University of Science and Technology Liaoning can provide a reference for the teaching of Chinese architectural history.
文摘English practice teaching has outstanding superiority over the extension and supplementation of English classroom teaching, and practice teaching is an indispensably important part of college English teaching. To students, cultivation of the ability of practice is vital, affecting students＇ employment and future. To universities, teaching quality has a direct impact on the development prospect of schools and decides the future of schools. Moreover, local normal universities also undertake a more important task to cultivate local high-quality talents teaching primary and junior high schools. These teaching talents undertake the great task of English teaching over primary and junior high school students, and thus the construction and implementation of practice teaching system of English major in normal universities are urgent.
基金support of the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2301500)the China Agriculture System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02)the Shandong Central Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development,China(YDZX20203700002548)。
文摘The footprints of water and nitrogen(WF and NF)provide a comprehensive overview of the type and quantity of water consumption and reactive nitrogen(Nr)loss in crop production.In this study,a field experiment over two years(2019 and 2020)compared three integrated agronomic practice management(IAPM)systems:An improved management system(T2),a high-yield production system(T3),and an integrated soil-crop management system(ISCM)using a local smallholder farmer’s practice system(T1)as control,to investigate the responses of WF,Nr losses,water use efficiency(WUE),and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)to IAPM.The results showed that IAPM optimized water distribution and promoted water use by summer maize.The evapotranspiration over the whole maize growth period of IAPM increased,but yield increased more,leading to a significant increase in WUE.The WUE of the T2,T3,and ISCM treatments was significantly greater than in the T1 treatment,in 2019 and 2020respectively,by 19.8-21.5,31.8-40.6,and 34.4-44.6%.The lowest WF was found in the ISCM treatment,which was 31.0%lower than that of the T1 treatment.In addition,the ISCM treatment optimized soil total nitrogen(TN)distribution and significantly increased TN in the cultivated layer.Excessive nitrogen fertilizer was applied in treatment T3,producing the highest maize yield,and resulting in the highest Nr losses.In contrast,the ISCM treatment used a reduced nitrogen fertilizer rate,sacrificing grain yield partly,which reduced Nr losses and eventually led to a significant increase in nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen recovery.The Nr level in the ISCM treatment was34.8%lower than in the T1 treatment while NUE was significantly higher than in the T1 treatment by 56.8-63.1%in2019 and 2020,respectively.Considering yield,WUE,NUE,WF,and NF together,ISCM should be used as a more sustainable and clean system for sustainable production of summer maize.
文摘AIM To examine the practice pattern in Kaiser Permanente Southern California(KPSC), i.e., gastroenterology(GI)/surgery referrals and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS), for pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) after the regionwide dissemination of the PCN management algorithm.METHODS Retrospective review was performed; patients with PCN diagnosis given between April 2012 and April 2015(18 mo before and after the publication of the algorithm) in KPSC(integrated health system with 15 hospitals and 202 medical offices in Southern California) were identified.RESULTS2558(1157 pre-and 1401 post-algorithm) received a new diagnosis of PCN in the study period. There was no difference in the mean cyst size(pre-19.1 mm vs post-18.5 mm, P = 0.119). A smaller percentage of PCNs resulted in EUS after the implementation of the algorithm(pre-45.5% vs post-34.8%, P < 0.001). A smaller proportion of patients were referred for GI(pre-65.2% vs post-53.3%, P < 0.001) and surgery consultations(pre-24.8% vs post-16%, P < 0.001) for PCN after the implementation. There was no significant change in operations for PCNs. Cost of diagnostic care was reduced after the implementation by 24%, 18%, and 36% for EUS, GI, and surgery consultations, respectively, with total cost saving of 24%.CONCLUSION In the current healthcare climate, there is increased need to optimize resource utilization. Dissemination of an algorithm for PCN management in an integrated health system resulted in fewer EUS and GI/surgery referrals, likely by aiding the physicians ordering imaging studies in the decision making for the management of PCNs. This translated to cost saving of 24%, 18%, and 36% for EUS, GI, and surgical consultations, respectively, with total diagnostic cost saving of 24%.
基金This study is part of the project“Geodata Infrastructure Development”implemented in collaboration between University of Dar es Salaam and Lund University and funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA)[grant number 7500051503].
文摘There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure(SDI)planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI,due to the high complexity of SDI,lack of knowledge and experience,and limited insight in the benefits.To address these challenges,a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania,based on the system dynamics technique and the communities of practice concept,was adopted and applied within a community consisting of experts from stakeholder organizations.The groups gathered to develop an SDI plan,while they shared their knowledge and discussed their ideas that helped their understanding of SDI.By running the system dynamics model,the development of SDI over time could be simulated that gave the planning community an insight about the future effects of today’s plans and decisions.Finally,an optimum model could be developed by refinements and improvements done with the consensus of the SDI stakeholders.This model included the components and policies that are essential for a successful SDI implementation in Tanzania and can be used as a basis for SDI planning and help to gain political support.Lessons learnt from this research were promising regarding the usability of the methodology for SDI planning in comparable countries.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess the quality of Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)in the context of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and determine whether any factors affect the quality.METHODS:We searched eight databases along with five international and national organizations to develop or archive guidelines from their inception to July 2023,with an additional search of medlive.cn.And the authoritative organizations related to nephrology.CPGs and consensus statements created using direct differential diagnosis or therapy for DKD were included without language restrictions.Their quality was evaluated by four reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ)instrument.Along with the item and domain scores,the guideline was also allocated an overall quality score,which ranged from 1(lowest possible quality)to 7(highest possible quality).Moreover,an overall recommendation for use was also assigned(“recommended”,“recommended with modifications”or“not recommended”).RESULTS:A total of 16 CPGs were included,of which 14 were from Asia and the remaining two from Europe.These two CPGs were updated in the third version.Six CPGs were recommended for use because their primary domains scored in the medium or high category.Furthermore,five CPGs were recommended with modifications as the stakeholder involvement,applicability,and editorial independence domains were evaluated as low categories.In all domains,the lowest average score was for rigour of development(33%),followed by application(36%),and stakeholder involvement(51%).The highest average score was for scope and purpose(79%),followed by clarity of presentation(75%).None of the CPGs considered the patient's viewpoint,and six of 16 CPGs did not use any grading system to translate the evidence into recommendations.Additionally,only three of 16 CPGs shared search strategy,and eight of 16 CPGs did not declare a funding source.CONCLUSIONS:According to the AGREE II evaluation,more than one in four CPGs for DKD had poor methodological quality.Enhanced efforts are needed to advance the rigour of development,application,and editorial independence of DKD guideline panels for most guidelines.Stakeholders,CPG developers,and CPG users should consider methodological quality while choosing CPGs,and interpret and implement their issued suggestions.
文摘Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertinent English-language literature was undertaken during the study's extension until October 2023.The search used Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Science Direct,Web of Science,EMBASE,Springer,and ProQuest.A quality assessment checklist developed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included papers.Inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics were employed in the STATA software version 14 to assess study heterogeneity.When there was heterogeneity,the Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used.Results:59 Studies totaling 87353 participants were included in this meta-analysis.These investigations included 86278 participants in 55 studies on knowledge,20196 in 33 studies on attitudes,and 74881 in 29 studies on practices.The pooled estimates for sufficient knowledge,positive attitudes,and dengue fever preventive behaviors among the general population were determined as 40.1%(95%CI 33.8%-46.5%),46.8%(95%CI 35.8%-58.9%),and 38.3%(95%CI 28.4%-48.2%),respectively.Europe exhibits the highest knowledge level at 63.5%,and Africa shows the lowest at 20.3%.Positive attitudes are most prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean(54.1%)and Southeast Asia(53.6%),contrasting sharply with the Americas,where attitudes are notably lower at 9.05%.Regarding preventive behaviors,the Americas demonstrate a prevalence of 12.1%,Southeast Asia at 28.1%,Western Pacific at 49.6%,Eastern Mediterranean at 44.8%,and Africa at 47.4%.Conclusions:Regional disparities about the knowledge,attitude and preventive bahaviors are evident with Europe exhibiting the highest knowledge level while Africa has the lowest.These findings emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions tailored to regional contexts,highlighting the need for region-specific strategies to enhance dengue-related knowledge and encourage positive attitudes and preventive behaviors.
