Kinesins are a superfamily of proteins widely present in eukaryotes,playing crucial roles in plant cell wall assembly,cell elongation regulation,gravity sensing,and fertility control.In this study,bioinformatics analy...Kinesins are a superfamily of proteins widely present in eukaryotes,playing crucial roles in plant cell wall assembly,cell elongation regulation,gravity sensing,and fertility control.In this study,bioinformatics analysis of the OsKMP2 gene(LOC_Os02g28850)was performed using online tools such as ExPASy-ProtParam,ProtScale,CD-search,and DNAMAN software.Additionally,qRT-PCR was employed to analyze the tissue expression pattern of OsKMP2.The results showed that the molecular weight of the OsKMP2 is 118.39728 kDa,and it is a hydrophilic and unstable acidic protein.Secondary structure prediction revealed that it primarily consists ofα-helices(69.45%),random coils(25.19%),and extended strands(5.36%).The gene was expressed in various rice tissues,with the highest expression level observed in leaves.These results indicate that the OsKMP2 gene exhibits high evolutionary conservation and functional diversity in rice.展开更多
This paper presents a framework for constructing surrogate models for sensitivity analysis of structural dynamics behavior.Physical models involving deformation,such as collisions,vibrations,and penetration,are devel-...This paper presents a framework for constructing surrogate models for sensitivity analysis of structural dynamics behavior.Physical models involving deformation,such as collisions,vibrations,and penetration,are devel-oped using the material point method.To reduce the computational cost of Monte Carlo simulations,response surface models are created as surrogate models for the material point system to approximate its dynamic behavior.An adaptive randomized greedy algorithm is employed to construct a sparse polynomial chaos expansion model with a fixed order,effectively balancing the accuracy and computational efficiency of the surrogate model.Based on the sparse polynomial chaos expansion,sensitivity analysis is conducted using the global finite difference and Sobol methods.Several examples of structural dynamics are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing structural dynamics problems.展开更多
Attended collection and delivery points are vital components of ‘last-mile logistics’.Based on point of interest(POI) data for Cainiao Stations and China Post stations in Changsha City, China, this paper provides a ...Attended collection and delivery points are vital components of ‘last-mile logistics’.Based on point of interest(POI) data for Cainiao Stations and China Post stations in Changsha City, China, this paper provides a detailed exploration of the basic features, spatial distribution, and location influencing factors of attended collection and delivery points.Specifically, analyses of the types, service objects and location distributions of the attended collection and delivery points alongside a discussion of their spatial pattern and influencing factors provides a reference for their general geographic layout and characteristics.The findings of this study indicate that: 1) The main mode of operation of attended collection and delivery points is franchises, with other modes of operation rely on supermarkets and other individual shop types.2) The main service targets of attended collection and delivery points are communities, schools, and businesses, followed by townships, enterprises, scenic spots, and administrative units.3) Approximately 77.44% of the attended collection and delivery points are located near the exits of service areas;others are situated in the centre of the service areas.For the Cainiao Stations, 80% are located within 125 m of the exit;for the China Post stations, 80% are located within 175 m of the exit.4) The spatial distribution of the attended collection and delivery points in Changsha is unbalanced, with ‘more centre and fewer surrounding’.The centre is an ‘inverted triangle’, and the edge is an ‘orphan’, showing a northwest-southeast orientation and symmetrical along the axis.The layout of the attended collection and delivery points forms three core areas, and the number of sites decreases with the distance from the core.5) The number and distribution of the attended collection and delivery points are strongly consistent with the regional economic development level, population, and roadway system traffic convenience.Most attended collection and delivery points are on residential, scientific and educational, and commercial and financial land.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer,as the one of most fatal malignancies,remains a critical issue in the global burden of disease.AIM To estimate trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality worldwide in the last thr...BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer,as the one of most fatal malignancies,remains a critical issue in the global burden of disease.AIM To estimate trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality worldwide in the last three decades.METHODS A descriptive epidemiological study was done.Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the database of the World Health Organization.Analysis of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality during 2020 was performed.The age-standardized rates(ASRs,expressed per 100000)were presented.To estimate trends of incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer,joinpoint regression analysis was used:the average annual percent change(AAPC)with the corresponding 95%confidence interval(95%CI)was calculated.Additionally,analysis was performed by sex and age.In this paper,the trend analysis included only countries with high and medium data quality.RESULTS A total of 495773(262865 male and 232908 female)new cases and 466003(246840 male and 219163 female)deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported worldwide in 2020.In both sexes,most of the new cases(191348;38.6%of the total)and deaths(182074;39.1%of the total)occurred in the Western Pacific Region.In both sexes,the highest ASRs were found in the European Region,while the lowest rates were reported in the South-East Asia Region.The general pattern of rising pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality was seen across countries worldwide in observed period.Out of all countries with an increase in pancreatic cancer incidence,females in France and India showed the most marked rise in incidence rates(AAPC=+3.9%and AAPC=+3.7%,respectively).Decreasing incidence trends for pancreatic cancer were observed in some countries,but without significance.Out of all countries with an increase in pancreatic cancer mortality rates,Turkmenistan showed the most marked rise both in males(AAPC=+10.0%,95%CI:7.4–12.5)and females(AAPC=+6.4%,95%CI:3.5–9.5).The mortality trends of pancreatic cancer were decreasing in both sexes only in Canada and Mexico.CONCLUSION Further research is needed to explain the cause of large international differences in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in last three decades.展开更多
For exploring the aftershock occurrence process of the 2008 Wenchuan strong earthquake, the spatio-temporal point pattern analysis method is employed to study the sequences of aflershocks with magnitude M≥4.0, M≥4.5...For exploring the aftershock occurrence process of the 2008 Wenchuan strong earthquake, the spatio-temporal point pattern analysis method is employed to study the sequences of aflershocks with magnitude M≥4.0, M≥4.5, and M≥5.0. It is found that these data exhibit the spatio-temporal clustering on a certain distance scale and on a certain time scale. In particular, the space-time interaction obviously strengthens when the distance is less than 60 km and the time is less than 260 h for the first two aftershock sequences; however, it becomes strong when the distance scale is less than 80 km and the time scale is less than 150 h for the last aftershock sequence. The completely spatial randomness analysis on the data regardless of time component shows that the spatial clustering of the aftershocks gradually strengthens on the condition that the distance is less than 60 km. The results are valuable for exploring the occurrence rules of the Wenchuan strong earthquake and for predicting the aftershocks.展开更多
We investigated the parametric optimization on incremental sheet forming of stainless steel using Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) coupled with Principal Component Analysis(PCA). AISI 316L stainless steel sheets were use...We investigated the parametric optimization on incremental sheet forming of stainless steel using Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) coupled with Principal Component Analysis(PCA). AISI 316L stainless steel sheets were used to develop double wall angle pyramid with aid of tungsten carbide tool. GRA coupled with PCA was used to plan the experiment conditions. Control factors such as Tool Diameter(TD), Step Depth(SD), Bottom Wall Angle(BWA), Feed Rate(FR) and Spindle Speed(SS) on Top Wall Angle(TWA) and Top Wall Angle Surface Roughness(TWASR) have been studied. Wall angle increases with increasing tool diameter due to large contact area between tool and workpiece. As the step depth, feed rate and spindle speed increase,TWASR decreases with increasing tool diameter. As the step depth increasing, the hydrostatic stress is raised causing severe cracks in the deformed surface. Hence it was concluded that the proposed hybrid method was suitable for optimizing the factors and response.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the natural growth of Haloxylon ammodendron forest in Moso Bay, southwest of Gurbantunggut Desert. Random sample analysis was used to analyze the spatial point pattern performance of Hal...In this study, we investigated the natural growth of Haloxylon ammodendron forest in Moso Bay, southwest of Gurbantunggut Desert. Random sample analysis was used to analyze the spatial point pattern performance of Haloxylon ammodendron population. ArcGIS software was used to summarize and analyze the spatial point pattern response of Haloxylon ammodendron population. The results showed that: 1) There were significant differences in the performance of point pattern analysis among different random quadrants. The paired t-test for variance mean ratio showed that the P values were 0.048, 0.004 and 0.301 respectively, indicating that the influence of quadrat shape on the performance of point pattern analysis was significant under the condition of the same optimal quadrat area. 2) The comparative analysis of square shapes shows that circular square is the best, square and regular hexagonal square are the second, and there is no significant difference between square and regular hexagonal square. 3) The number of samples plays a decisive role in spatial point pattern analysis. Insufficient sample size will lead to unstable results. With the increase of the number of samples to more than 120, the V value and P value curves will eventually stabilize. That is, stable spatial point pattern analysis results are closely related to the increase of the number of samples in random sample square analysis.展开更多
Serial remote sensing images offer a valuable means of tracking the evolutionary changes and growth of a specific geographical area over time.Although the original images may provide limited insights,they harbor consi...Serial remote sensing images offer a valuable means of tracking the evolutionary changes and growth of a specific geographical area over time.Although the original images may provide limited insights,they harbor considerable potential for identifying clusters and patterns.The aggregation of these serial remote sensing images(SRSI)becomes increasingly viable as distinct patterns emerge in diverse scenarios,such as suburbanization,the expansion of native flora,and agricultural activities.In a novel approach,we propose an innovative method for extracting sequential patterns by combining Ant Colony Optimization(ACD)and Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD).This integration of the newly developed EMD and ACO techniques proves remarkably effective in identifying the most significant characteristic features within serial remote sensing images,guided by specific criteria.Our findings highlight a substantial improvement in the efficiency of sequential pattern mining through the application of this unique hybrid method,seamlessly integrating EMD and ACO for feature selection.This study exposes the potential of our innovative methodology,particularly in the realms of urbanization,native vegetation expansion,and agricultural activities.展开更多
The inflection point is an important feature of sigmoidal height-diameter(H-D)models.It is often cited as one of the properties favoring sigmoidal model forms.However,there are very few studies analyzing the inflectio...The inflection point is an important feature of sigmoidal height-diameter(H-D)models.It is often cited as one of the properties favoring sigmoidal model forms.However,there are very few studies analyzing the inflection points of H-D models.The goals of this study were to theoretically and empirically examine the behaviors of inflection points of six common H-D models with a regional dataset.The six models were the Wykoff(WYK),Schumacher(SCH),Curtis(CUR),HossfeldⅣ(HOS),von Bertalanffy-Richards(VBR),and Gompertz(GPZ)models.The models were first fitted in their base forms with tree species as random effects and were then expanded to include functional traits and spatial distribution.The distributions of the estimated inflection points were similar between the two-parameter models WYK,SCH,and CUR,but were different between the threeparameter models HOS,VBR,and GPZ.GPZ produced some of the largest inflection points.HOS and VBR produced concave H-D curves without inflection points for 12.7%and 39.7%of the tree species.Evergreen species or decreasing shade tolerance resulted in larger inflection points.The trends in the estimated inflection points of HOS and VBR were entirely opposite across the landscape.Furthermore,HOS could produce concave H-D curves for portions of the landscape.Based on the studied behaviors,the choice between two-parameter models may not matter.We recommend comparing seve ral three-parameter model forms for consistency in estimated inflection points before deciding on one.Believing sigmoidal models to have inflection points does not necessarily mean that they will produce fitted curves with one.Our study highlights the need to integrate analysis of inflection points into modeling H-D relationships.展开更多
The Hengduan Mountains,situated on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,are the longest and widest north-south-oriented mountain range in China,exerting a significant influence on the ecological and geog...The Hengduan Mountains,situated on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,are the longest and widest north-south-oriented mountain range in China,exerting a significant influence on the ecological and geographical pattern.Understanding the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of the Hengduan Mountains is fundamental and crucial for research in related fields such as ecology,geography,and sustainability.In this study,Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data were utilized to extract and analyze the topography and geomorphology(TG)pattern.TG maps have been developed to quantitatively classify the TG types in the Hengduan Mountains by combining the five factors of elevation,slope,aspect,relief and landform.The spatial distribution and quantitative characteristics of these factors were mapped and investigated using geographic information systems.The results revealed that:(1)The Hengduan Mountains exhibit an elongated north-south distribution,with an average elevation of approximately 3746 m,an average slope of around 25°,and an average relief of about 266 m.(2)The Hengduan Mountains display significant elevation differences,with an overall high elevation,characterized by a trend of lower elevation in the east and higher elevation in the west,as well as irregular orientations of various aspects.(3)The 19 landform types were identified,the landform types of the Hengduan Mountains are primarily composed of low-relief high-mountains(42.0618%),low-relief mid-mountains(22.4624%),and high-elevation hills(20.5839%).The results of the study can provide data and information support for the ecology,environmental protection and sustainable development of the Hengduan Mountains.展开更多
Interventional therapy has become increasingly popular in clinical practice due to advancements in medical technology.However,patients often experience psychological and physiological pressure due to its invasive natu...Interventional therapy has become increasingly popular in clinical practice due to advancements in medical technology.However,patients often experience psychological and physiological pressure due to its invasive nature.The management of patient discomfort and tension is crucial to ensure effective treatment.Psychological and pain management are essential components of interventional therapy,as they significantly impact patient recovery and prognosis.This article discussed the importance of interventional psychological and pain care for patients,starting with the development and spread of interventional therapy.The significance of providing high-quality nursing services to patients and improving their quality of life was also discussed.展开更多
China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rur...China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rural planning at the present stage.This study takes the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration,which is rich in historical and cultural heritage,as a specific case,analyzes the characteristics of the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of its historical and cultural resources.The results show that the distribution structure of historical and cultural element resources within the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration presents significant regional agglomeration and combination characteristics.In response to the analysis results,the study formulates an optimization strategy for the regional development pattern supported by the protection and development of historical and cultural resources,and initially proposes a matching spatial development pattern plan and policy recommendations for coordinated development.展开更多
Studying runoff characteristics and quantifying human activities’impact on northern Shaanxi,a crucial mineral resource area in China,is crucial to alleviate water resource contradictions.In this study,hydrological el...Studying runoff characteristics and quantifying human activities’impact on northern Shaanxi,a crucial mineral resource area in China,is crucial to alleviate water resource contradictions.In this study,hydrological element trends were analyzed using theβ-z-h three-parameter indication method.The Mann-Kendall,Pettitt,moving T,and Yamamoto methods were used to test the mutation point of hydrological elements.The Budyko framework was used to quantitatively assess the impacts of climate change and multiple human activities on runoff reduction.The results showed that(1):Precipitation(PRE),potential evapotranspiration(E0),and temperature(TEM)showed increasing trends;runoff in the Huangfuchuan,Gushanchuan,Kuye River,Tuwei River,Wuding River,Qingjian River,and Yanhe River catchments showed decreasing trends(HFC,GSC,KYR,TWR,WDR,QJR,YR);whereas runoff in the Jialu River(JLR)catchment showed a“V-shaped”trend from 1980 to2020.(2)Runoff was positively correlated with PRE and negatively correlated with E0and the subsurface index(n),with the elasticity coefficients of PRE,E0,and n showing an increasing trend in the change period.(3)Human activities were a key factor in runoff reduction,although the impact of different human activities showed spatial variations.This study provides a scientific foundation for achieving the sustainable development of water resources in mining areas.展开更多
Herbivorous insects and pathogens cause severe damage to rice tissues,affecting yield and grain quality.Damaged cells trigger downstream defense responses through various signals.Extracellular ATP(eATP),a signaling mo...Herbivorous insects and pathogens cause severe damage to rice tissues,affecting yield and grain quality.Damaged cells trigger downstream defense responses through various signals.Extracellular ATP(eATP),a signaling molecule released during mechanical cell damage,is considered a constitutive damage-associated molecular pattern(DAMP),which is crucial for initiating plant defense responses.Thus,understanding how rice plants cope with DAMPs such as eATP is essential.Here,we found that exogenous ATP affected rice growth and development,cell wall composition,chloroplast development,and cell death.Subsequent global transcriptome analysis revealed that several pathways were involved in the eATP response,including genes related to cell surface receptors,cell wall organization,chlorophyll biosynthesis,heat and temperature stimulation,epigenetic regulation,and reactive oxygen species metabolism.Cell surface receptors,including members of the lectin receptor-like kinases(LecRKs),were found to participate in the eATP response.We further investigated ATP-induced genes in T-DNA activation mutants of OsLecRKs,demonstrating their involvement in eATP signaling in rice.This study confirms a DAMP-mediated transcriptional response in plants and provides novel candidates for advancing resistant rice breeding against insect herbivores and pathogens.展开更多
Thetraditional first-order reliability method(FORM)often encounters challengeswith non-convergence of results or excessive calculation when analyzing complex engineering problems.To improve the global convergence spee...Thetraditional first-order reliability method(FORM)often encounters challengeswith non-convergence of results or excessive calculation when analyzing complex engineering problems.To improve the global convergence speed of structural reliability analysis,an improved coati optimization algorithm(COA)is proposed in this paper.In this study,the social learning strategy is used to improve the coati optimization algorithm(SL-COA),which improves the convergence speed and robustness of the newheuristic optimization algorithm.Then,the SL-COAis comparedwith the latest heuristic optimization algorithms such as the original COA,whale optimization algorithm(WOA),and osprey optimization algorithm(OOA)in the CEC2005 and CEC2017 test function sets and two engineering optimization design examples.The optimization results show that the proposed SL-COA algorithm has a high competitiveness.Secondly,this study introduces the SL-COA algorithm into the MPP(Most Probable Point)search process based on FORM and constructs a new reliability analysis method.Finally,the proposed reliability analysis method is verified by four mathematical examples and two engineering examples.The results show that the proposed SL-COA-assisted FORM exhibits fast convergence and avoids premature convergence to local optima as demonstrated by its successful application to problems such as composite cylinder design and support bracket analysis.展开更多
Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the...Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the inter-RIS links which also contribute to the performance of the whole system are usually neglected when multiple RISs are deployed.In this paper we investigate a general double-RIS assisted multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)wireless communication system under spatially correlated non line-of-sight propagation channels,where the cooperation of the double RISs is also considered.The design objective is to maximize the achievable ergodic rate based on full statistical channel state information(CSI).Specifically,we firstly present a closedform asymptotic expression for the achievable ergodic rate by utilizing replica method from statistical physics.Then a full statistical CSI-enabled optimal design is proposed which avoids high pilot training overhead compared to instantaneous CSI-enabled design.To further reduce the signal processing overhead and lower the complexity for practical realization,a common-phase scheme is proposed to design the double RISs.Simulation results show that the derived asymptotic ergodic rate is quite accurate even for small-sized antenna arrays.And the proposed optimization algorithm can achieve substantial gain at the expense of a low overhead and complexity.Furthermore,the cooperative double-RIS assisted MIMO framework is proven to achieve superior ergodic rate performance and high communication reliability under harsh propagation environment.展开更多
In this paper,a meshfree Jacobi point interpolation(MJPI)approach for the dynamic analysis of sandwich laminated conical and cylindrical shells with varying thickness is presented.The theoretical formulations for sand...In this paper,a meshfree Jacobi point interpolation(MJPI)approach for the dynamic analysis of sandwich laminated conical and cylindrical shells with varying thickness is presented.The theoretical formulations for sandwich laminated shells with varying thickness are established using the modified variational principle within the framework of first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT).The displacement components of the sandwich shell are expanded using the MJPI shape function and Fourier series in the meridional and circumferential directions,respectively.The accuracy and reliability of the proposed MJPI shape function are validated against numerical results from published literature and the commercial simulation tool Abaqus.Finally,the effects of different parameters such as thickness gradient,thickness power index and boundary condition on the free vibration and dynamic response of the sandwich laminated shell are investigated.展开更多
Glutathione-S-transferase(GST,EC2.5.1.18)multifunctional protease is important for detoxification,defense against biotic and abiotic stresses,and secondary metabolic material transport for plant growth and development...Glutathione-S-transferase(GST,EC2.5.1.18)multifunctional protease is important for detoxification,defense against biotic and abiotic stresses,and secondary metabolic material transport for plant growth and development.In this study,71 members of the BpGST family were identified from the entire Betula platyphylla Suk.genome.Most of the members encode proteins with amino acid lengths ranging from 101 to 875 and were localized to the cytoplasm by a prediction.BpGSTs can be divided into seven subfamilies,with a majority of birch U and F subfamily members according to gene structure,conserved motifs and evolutionary analysis.GST family genes showed collinearity with 22 genes in Oryza sativa L.,and three genes in Arabidopsis thaliana;promoter cis-acting elements predicted that the GST gene family is functional in growth,hormone regulation,and abiotic stress response.Most members of the F subfamily of GST(BpGSTFs)were expressed in roots,stems,leaves,and petioles,with the most expression observed in leaves.On the basis of the expression profiles of F subfamily genes(BpGSTF1 to BpGSTF13)during salt,mannitol and ABA stress,BpGSTF proteins seem to have multiple functions depending on the type of abiotic stress;for instance,BpGSTs may function at different times during abiotic stress.This study enhances understanding of the GST gene family and provides a basis for further exploration of their function in birch.展开更多
Drought significantly constrains vegetation growth and reduces terrestrial carbon sinks.Currently,the spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms of the differential impacts of soil and meteorological droughts on vegetatio...Drought significantly constrains vegetation growth and reduces terrestrial carbon sinks.Currently,the spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms of the differential impacts of soil and meteorological droughts on vegetation productivity remain inadequately understood.In this study,we analyzed soil moisture(SM),vapor pressure deficit(VPD),and gross primary productivity(GPP)to investigate their spatiotemporal patterns and the combined effects on GPP over China.The results revealed that:(1)Soil drought and meteorological drought generally exhibited temporally synchronous trends across China.(2)GPP was predominantly affected by the combined and synchronous effects of both SM and VPD,although their effects displayed directional variability differences in certain regions.(3)SM demonstrated a greater relative importance on GPP than VPD across more than half of the regions in China,whereas deciduous broadleaf forests were the only vegetation type primarily affected by VPD.(4)Under the lag effects,both SM and VPD exhibited bidirectional Granger causality with GPP,with the interaction between VPD and GPP proving more pronounced than that of SM.Our research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms through which SM and VPD influence GPP,contributing to improved predictions vegetation productivity and implementing ecological restoration.展开更多
A grey-box modelling framework was developed for the estimation of cut point temperature of a crude distillation unit(CDU)under uncertainty in crude composition and process conditions.First principle(FP)model of CDU w...A grey-box modelling framework was developed for the estimation of cut point temperature of a crude distillation unit(CDU)under uncertainty in crude composition and process conditions.First principle(FP)model of CDU was developed for Pakistani crudes from Zamzama and Kunnar fields.A hybrid methodology based on the integration of Taguchi method and genetic algorithm(GA)was employed to estimate the optimal cut point temperature for various sets of process variables.Optimised datasets were utilised to develop an artificial neural networks(ANN)model for the prediction of optimum values of cut points.The ANN model was then used to replace the hybrid framework of the Taguchi method and the GA.The integration of the ANN and FP model makes it a grey-box(GB)model.For the case of Zamama crude,the GB model helped in the decrease of up to 38.93%in energy required per kilo barrel of diesel and an 8.2%increase in diesel production compared to the stand-alone FP model under uncertainty.Similarly,for Kunnar crude,up to 18.87%decrease in energy required per kilo barrel of diesel and a 33.96%increase in diesel production was observed in comparison to the stand-alone FP model.展开更多
基金Supported by College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202210553003)Hunan Provincial Education Department Outstanding Youth Research Project(23B0820).
文摘Kinesins are a superfamily of proteins widely present in eukaryotes,playing crucial roles in plant cell wall assembly,cell elongation regulation,gravity sensing,and fertility control.In this study,bioinformatics analysis of the OsKMP2 gene(LOC_Os02g28850)was performed using online tools such as ExPASy-ProtParam,ProtScale,CD-search,and DNAMAN software.Additionally,qRT-PCR was employed to analyze the tissue expression pattern of OsKMP2.The results showed that the molecular weight of the OsKMP2 is 118.39728 kDa,and it is a hydrophilic and unstable acidic protein.Secondary structure prediction revealed that it primarily consists ofα-helices(69.45%),random coils(25.19%),and extended strands(5.36%).The gene was expressed in various rice tissues,with the highest expression level observed in leaves.These results indicate that the OsKMP2 gene exhibits high evolutionary conservation and functional diversity in rice.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174123&52274222).
文摘This paper presents a framework for constructing surrogate models for sensitivity analysis of structural dynamics behavior.Physical models involving deformation,such as collisions,vibrations,and penetration,are devel-oped using the material point method.To reduce the computational cost of Monte Carlo simulations,response surface models are created as surrogate models for the material point system to approximate its dynamic behavior.An adaptive randomized greedy algorithm is employed to construct a sparse polynomial chaos expansion model with a fixed order,effectively balancing the accuracy and computational efficiency of the surrogate model.Based on the sparse polynomial chaos expansion,sensitivity analysis is conducted using the global finite difference and Sobol methods.Several examples of structural dynamics are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing structural dynamics problems.
基金Under the auspices of the Tang Scholar Program of Northwest University(No.2016)
文摘Attended collection and delivery points are vital components of ‘last-mile logistics’.Based on point of interest(POI) data for Cainiao Stations and China Post stations in Changsha City, China, this paper provides a detailed exploration of the basic features, spatial distribution, and location influencing factors of attended collection and delivery points.Specifically, analyses of the types, service objects and location distributions of the attended collection and delivery points alongside a discussion of their spatial pattern and influencing factors provides a reference for their general geographic layout and characteristics.The findings of this study indicate that: 1) The main mode of operation of attended collection and delivery points is franchises, with other modes of operation rely on supermarkets and other individual shop types.2) The main service targets of attended collection and delivery points are communities, schools, and businesses, followed by townships, enterprises, scenic spots, and administrative units.3) Approximately 77.44% of the attended collection and delivery points are located near the exits of service areas;others are situated in the centre of the service areas.For the Cainiao Stations, 80% are located within 125 m of the exit;for the China Post stations, 80% are located within 175 m of the exit.4) The spatial distribution of the attended collection and delivery points in Changsha is unbalanced, with ‘more centre and fewer surrounding’.The centre is an ‘inverted triangle’, and the edge is an ‘orphan’, showing a northwest-southeast orientation and symmetrical along the axis.The layout of the attended collection and delivery points forms three core areas, and the number of sites decreases with the distance from the core.5) The number and distribution of the attended collection and delivery points are strongly consistent with the regional economic development level, population, and roadway system traffic convenience.Most attended collection and delivery points are on residential, scientific and educational, and commercial and financial land.
基金Supported by Ministry of Education,Science and Technological development,Republic of Serbia,2011-2020,No.175042.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer,as the one of most fatal malignancies,remains a critical issue in the global burden of disease.AIM To estimate trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality worldwide in the last three decades.METHODS A descriptive epidemiological study was done.Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the database of the World Health Organization.Analysis of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality during 2020 was performed.The age-standardized rates(ASRs,expressed per 100000)were presented.To estimate trends of incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer,joinpoint regression analysis was used:the average annual percent change(AAPC)with the corresponding 95%confidence interval(95%CI)was calculated.Additionally,analysis was performed by sex and age.In this paper,the trend analysis included only countries with high and medium data quality.RESULTS A total of 495773(262865 male and 232908 female)new cases and 466003(246840 male and 219163 female)deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported worldwide in 2020.In both sexes,most of the new cases(191348;38.6%of the total)and deaths(182074;39.1%of the total)occurred in the Western Pacific Region.In both sexes,the highest ASRs were found in the European Region,while the lowest rates were reported in the South-East Asia Region.The general pattern of rising pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality was seen across countries worldwide in observed period.Out of all countries with an increase in pancreatic cancer incidence,females in France and India showed the most marked rise in incidence rates(AAPC=+3.9%and AAPC=+3.7%,respectively).Decreasing incidence trends for pancreatic cancer were observed in some countries,but without significance.Out of all countries with an increase in pancreatic cancer mortality rates,Turkmenistan showed the most marked rise both in males(AAPC=+10.0%,95%CI:7.4–12.5)and females(AAPC=+6.4%,95%CI:3.5–9.5).The mortality trends of pancreatic cancer were decreasing in both sexes only in Canada and Mexico.CONCLUSION Further research is needed to explain the cause of large international differences in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in last three decades.
基金supported by the Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fun-damental Research and Development (973 program) (2008CB425704)
文摘For exploring the aftershock occurrence process of the 2008 Wenchuan strong earthquake, the spatio-temporal point pattern analysis method is employed to study the sequences of aflershocks with magnitude M≥4.0, M≥4.5, and M≥5.0. It is found that these data exhibit the spatio-temporal clustering on a certain distance scale and on a certain time scale. In particular, the space-time interaction obviously strengthens when the distance is less than 60 km and the time is less than 260 h for the first two aftershock sequences; however, it becomes strong when the distance scale is less than 80 km and the time scale is less than 150 h for the last aftershock sequence. The completely spatial randomness analysis on the data regardless of time component shows that the spatial clustering of the aftershocks gradually strengthens on the condition that the distance is less than 60 km. The results are valuable for exploring the occurrence rules of the Wenchuan strong earthquake and for predicting the aftershocks.
文摘We investigated the parametric optimization on incremental sheet forming of stainless steel using Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) coupled with Principal Component Analysis(PCA). AISI 316L stainless steel sheets were used to develop double wall angle pyramid with aid of tungsten carbide tool. GRA coupled with PCA was used to plan the experiment conditions. Control factors such as Tool Diameter(TD), Step Depth(SD), Bottom Wall Angle(BWA), Feed Rate(FR) and Spindle Speed(SS) on Top Wall Angle(TWA) and Top Wall Angle Surface Roughness(TWASR) have been studied. Wall angle increases with increasing tool diameter due to large contact area between tool and workpiece. As the step depth, feed rate and spindle speed increase,TWASR decreases with increasing tool diameter. As the step depth increasing, the hydrostatic stress is raised causing severe cracks in the deformed surface. Hence it was concluded that the proposed hybrid method was suitable for optimizing the factors and response.
文摘In this study, we investigated the natural growth of Haloxylon ammodendron forest in Moso Bay, southwest of Gurbantunggut Desert. Random sample analysis was used to analyze the spatial point pattern performance of Haloxylon ammodendron population. ArcGIS software was used to summarize and analyze the spatial point pattern response of Haloxylon ammodendron population. The results showed that: 1) There were significant differences in the performance of point pattern analysis among different random quadrants. The paired t-test for variance mean ratio showed that the P values were 0.048, 0.004 and 0.301 respectively, indicating that the influence of quadrat shape on the performance of point pattern analysis was significant under the condition of the same optimal quadrat area. 2) The comparative analysis of square shapes shows that circular square is the best, square and regular hexagonal square are the second, and there is no significant difference between square and regular hexagonal square. 3) The number of samples plays a decisive role in spatial point pattern analysis. Insufficient sample size will lead to unstable results. With the increase of the number of samples to more than 120, the V value and P value curves will eventually stabilize. That is, stable spatial point pattern analysis results are closely related to the increase of the number of samples in random sample square analysis.
文摘Serial remote sensing images offer a valuable means of tracking the evolutionary changes and growth of a specific geographical area over time.Although the original images may provide limited insights,they harbor considerable potential for identifying clusters and patterns.The aggregation of these serial remote sensing images(SRSI)becomes increasingly viable as distinct patterns emerge in diverse scenarios,such as suburbanization,the expansion of native flora,and agricultural activities.In a novel approach,we propose an innovative method for extracting sequential patterns by combining Ant Colony Optimization(ACD)and Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD).This integration of the newly developed EMD and ACO techniques proves remarkably effective in identifying the most significant characteristic features within serial remote sensing images,guided by specific criteria.Our findings highlight a substantial improvement in the efficiency of sequential pattern mining through the application of this unique hybrid method,seamlessly integrating EMD and ACO for feature selection.This study exposes the potential of our innovative methodology,particularly in the realms of urbanization,native vegetation expansion,and agricultural activities.
文摘The inflection point is an important feature of sigmoidal height-diameter(H-D)models.It is often cited as one of the properties favoring sigmoidal model forms.However,there are very few studies analyzing the inflection points of H-D models.The goals of this study were to theoretically and empirically examine the behaviors of inflection points of six common H-D models with a regional dataset.The six models were the Wykoff(WYK),Schumacher(SCH),Curtis(CUR),HossfeldⅣ(HOS),von Bertalanffy-Richards(VBR),and Gompertz(GPZ)models.The models were first fitted in their base forms with tree species as random effects and were then expanded to include functional traits and spatial distribution.The distributions of the estimated inflection points were similar between the two-parameter models WYK,SCH,and CUR,but were different between the threeparameter models HOS,VBR,and GPZ.GPZ produced some of the largest inflection points.HOS and VBR produced concave H-D curves without inflection points for 12.7%and 39.7%of the tree species.Evergreen species or decreasing shade tolerance resulted in larger inflection points.The trends in the estimated inflection points of HOS and VBR were entirely opposite across the landscape.Furthermore,HOS could produce concave H-D curves for portions of the landscape.Based on the studied behaviors,the choice between two-parameter models may not matter.We recommend comparing seve ral three-parameter model forms for consistency in estimated inflection points before deciding on one.Believing sigmoidal models to have inflection points does not necessarily mean that they will produce fitted curves with one.Our study highlights the need to integrate analysis of inflection points into modeling H-D relationships.
基金funded by the Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Joint Special Fund Project(2019FH001(-052))Cangshan Mountain Synthetic Scientific Expeditions Fund.
文摘The Hengduan Mountains,situated on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,are the longest and widest north-south-oriented mountain range in China,exerting a significant influence on the ecological and geographical pattern.Understanding the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of the Hengduan Mountains is fundamental and crucial for research in related fields such as ecology,geography,and sustainability.In this study,Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data were utilized to extract and analyze the topography and geomorphology(TG)pattern.TG maps have been developed to quantitatively classify the TG types in the Hengduan Mountains by combining the five factors of elevation,slope,aspect,relief and landform.The spatial distribution and quantitative characteristics of these factors were mapped and investigated using geographic information systems.The results revealed that:(1)The Hengduan Mountains exhibit an elongated north-south distribution,with an average elevation of approximately 3746 m,an average slope of around 25°,and an average relief of about 266 m.(2)The Hengduan Mountains display significant elevation differences,with an overall high elevation,characterized by a trend of lower elevation in the east and higher elevation in the west,as well as irregular orientations of various aspects.(3)The 19 landform types were identified,the landform types of the Hengduan Mountains are primarily composed of low-relief high-mountains(42.0618%),low-relief mid-mountains(22.4624%),and high-elevation hills(20.5839%).The results of the study can provide data and information support for the ecology,environmental protection and sustainable development of the Hengduan Mountains.
文摘Interventional therapy has become increasingly popular in clinical practice due to advancements in medical technology.However,patients often experience psychological and physiological pressure due to its invasive nature.The management of patient discomfort and tension is crucial to ensure effective treatment.Psychological and pain management are essential components of interventional therapy,as they significantly impact patient recovery and prognosis.This article discussed the importance of interventional psychological and pain care for patients,starting with the development and spread of interventional therapy.The significance of providing high-quality nursing services to patients and improving their quality of life was also discussed.
基金Major Program of National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China(24&ZD148).
文摘China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rural planning at the present stage.This study takes the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration,which is rich in historical and cultural heritage,as a specific case,analyzes the characteristics of the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of its historical and cultural resources.The results show that the distribution structure of historical and cultural element resources within the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration presents significant regional agglomeration and combination characteristics.In response to the analysis results,the study formulates an optimization strategy for the regional development pattern supported by the protection and development of historical and cultural resources,and initially proposes a matching spatial development pattern plan and policy recommendations for coordinated development.
基金Department of Water Resources of Shaanxi Province of China,No.2023slkj-8National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51779209。
文摘Studying runoff characteristics and quantifying human activities’impact on northern Shaanxi,a crucial mineral resource area in China,is crucial to alleviate water resource contradictions.In this study,hydrological element trends were analyzed using theβ-z-h three-parameter indication method.The Mann-Kendall,Pettitt,moving T,and Yamamoto methods were used to test the mutation point of hydrological elements.The Budyko framework was used to quantitatively assess the impacts of climate change and multiple human activities on runoff reduction.The results showed that(1):Precipitation(PRE),potential evapotranspiration(E0),and temperature(TEM)showed increasing trends;runoff in the Huangfuchuan,Gushanchuan,Kuye River,Tuwei River,Wuding River,Qingjian River,and Yanhe River catchments showed decreasing trends(HFC,GSC,KYR,TWR,WDR,QJR,YR);whereas runoff in the Jialu River(JLR)catchment showed a“V-shaped”trend from 1980 to2020.(2)Runoff was positively correlated with PRE and negatively correlated with E0and the subsurface index(n),with the elasticity coefficients of PRE,E0,and n showing an increasing trend in the change period.(3)Human activities were a key factor in runoff reduction,although the impact of different human activities showed spatial variations.This study provides a scientific foundation for achieving the sustainable development of water resources in mining areas.
基金supported by the Brain Pool Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology through the National Research Foundation of Korea(Grant Nos.2022H1D3A2A01096185 and RS-2024-00410063)the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(Grant No.RS-2023-00247376)+4 种基金the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development,Korea(Grant No.RS-2022-RD010386)US National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program(Grant No.IOS-2048410)the US National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(Grant No.R01GM121445)US Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture(Grant No.USDA-AFRI-2023-67013-39896)the National Science Foundation(Grant No.IOS-PGRP-2348319).
文摘Herbivorous insects and pathogens cause severe damage to rice tissues,affecting yield and grain quality.Damaged cells trigger downstream defense responses through various signals.Extracellular ATP(eATP),a signaling molecule released during mechanical cell damage,is considered a constitutive damage-associated molecular pattern(DAMP),which is crucial for initiating plant defense responses.Thus,understanding how rice plants cope with DAMPs such as eATP is essential.Here,we found that exogenous ATP affected rice growth and development,cell wall composition,chloroplast development,and cell death.Subsequent global transcriptome analysis revealed that several pathways were involved in the eATP response,including genes related to cell surface receptors,cell wall organization,chlorophyll biosynthesis,heat and temperature stimulation,epigenetic regulation,and reactive oxygen species metabolism.Cell surface receptors,including members of the lectin receptor-like kinases(LecRKs),were found to participate in the eATP response.We further investigated ATP-induced genes in T-DNA activation mutants of OsLecRKs,demonstrating their involvement in eATP signaling in rice.This study confirms a DAMP-mediated transcriptional response in plants and provides novel candidates for advancing resistant rice breeding against insect herbivores and pathogens.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFB3706904).
文摘Thetraditional first-order reliability method(FORM)often encounters challengeswith non-convergence of results or excessive calculation when analyzing complex engineering problems.To improve the global convergence speed of structural reliability analysis,an improved coati optimization algorithm(COA)is proposed in this paper.In this study,the social learning strategy is used to improve the coati optimization algorithm(SL-COA),which improves the convergence speed and robustness of the newheuristic optimization algorithm.Then,the SL-COAis comparedwith the latest heuristic optimization algorithms such as the original COA,whale optimization algorithm(WOA),and osprey optimization algorithm(OOA)in the CEC2005 and CEC2017 test function sets and two engineering optimization design examples.The optimization results show that the proposed SL-COA algorithm has a high competitiveness.Secondly,this study introduces the SL-COA algorithm into the MPP(Most Probable Point)search process based on FORM and constructs a new reliability analysis method.Finally,the proposed reliability analysis method is verified by four mathematical examples and two engineering examples.The results show that the proposed SL-COA-assisted FORM exhibits fast convergence and avoids premature convergence to local optima as demonstrated by its successful application to problems such as composite cylinder design and support bracket analysis.
基金supported in part by the Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University(XJTLU)Research Development Fund(2024–2027)under Grant RDF-23-02-010supported in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2023A1515110732+5 种基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62071247supported in part by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao,China SAR under Grants 0087/2022/AFJ and 001/2024/SKLin part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62261160650in part by the Research Committee of University of Macao,Macao SAR,China under Grants MYRG-GRG2023-00116-FST-UMDF and MYRG2020-00095-FSTsupported in part by the NSFC under Grant 62261160576 and 62301148in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242023K5003.
文摘Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the inter-RIS links which also contribute to the performance of the whole system are usually neglected when multiple RISs are deployed.In this paper we investigate a general double-RIS assisted multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)wireless communication system under spatially correlated non line-of-sight propagation channels,where the cooperation of the double RISs is also considered.The design objective is to maximize the achievable ergodic rate based on full statistical channel state information(CSI).Specifically,we firstly present a closedform asymptotic expression for the achievable ergodic rate by utilizing replica method from statistical physics.Then a full statistical CSI-enabled optimal design is proposed which avoids high pilot training overhead compared to instantaneous CSI-enabled design.To further reduce the signal processing overhead and lower the complexity for practical realization,a common-phase scheme is proposed to design the double RISs.Simulation results show that the derived asymptotic ergodic rate is quite accurate even for small-sized antenna arrays.And the proposed optimization algorithm can achieve substantial gain at the expense of a low overhead and complexity.Furthermore,the cooperative double-RIS assisted MIMO framework is proven to achieve superior ergodic rate performance and high communication reliability under harsh propagation environment.
文摘In this paper,a meshfree Jacobi point interpolation(MJPI)approach for the dynamic analysis of sandwich laminated conical and cylindrical shells with varying thickness is presented.The theoretical formulations for sandwich laminated shells with varying thickness are established using the modified variational principle within the framework of first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT).The displacement components of the sandwich shell are expanded using the MJPI shape function and Fourier series in the meridional and circumferential directions,respectively.The accuracy and reliability of the proposed MJPI shape function are validated against numerical results from published literature and the commercial simulation tool Abaqus.Finally,the effects of different parameters such as thickness gradient,thickness power index and boundary condition on the free vibration and dynamic response of the sandwich laminated shell are investigated.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD2200304)FundamentalResearch Funds for the Central Universities(2572022DQ08)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No32171738).
文摘Glutathione-S-transferase(GST,EC2.5.1.18)multifunctional protease is important for detoxification,defense against biotic and abiotic stresses,and secondary metabolic material transport for plant growth and development.In this study,71 members of the BpGST family were identified from the entire Betula platyphylla Suk.genome.Most of the members encode proteins with amino acid lengths ranging from 101 to 875 and were localized to the cytoplasm by a prediction.BpGSTs can be divided into seven subfamilies,with a majority of birch U and F subfamily members according to gene structure,conserved motifs and evolutionary analysis.GST family genes showed collinearity with 22 genes in Oryza sativa L.,and three genes in Arabidopsis thaliana;promoter cis-acting elements predicted that the GST gene family is functional in growth,hormone regulation,and abiotic stress response.Most members of the F subfamily of GST(BpGSTFs)were expressed in roots,stems,leaves,and petioles,with the most expression observed in leaves.On the basis of the expression profiles of F subfamily genes(BpGSTF1 to BpGSTF13)during salt,mannitol and ABA stress,BpGSTF proteins seem to have multiple functions depending on the type of abiotic stress;for instance,BpGSTs may function at different times during abiotic stress.This study enhances understanding of the GST gene family and provides a basis for further exploration of their function in birch.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,No.2021xjkk0303。
文摘Drought significantly constrains vegetation growth and reduces terrestrial carbon sinks.Currently,the spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms of the differential impacts of soil and meteorological droughts on vegetation productivity remain inadequately understood.In this study,we analyzed soil moisture(SM),vapor pressure deficit(VPD),and gross primary productivity(GPP)to investigate their spatiotemporal patterns and the combined effects on GPP over China.The results revealed that:(1)Soil drought and meteorological drought generally exhibited temporally synchronous trends across China.(2)GPP was predominantly affected by the combined and synchronous effects of both SM and VPD,although their effects displayed directional variability differences in certain regions.(3)SM demonstrated a greater relative importance on GPP than VPD across more than half of the regions in China,whereas deciduous broadleaf forests were the only vegetation type primarily affected by VPD.(4)Under the lag effects,both SM and VPD exhibited bidirectional Granger causality with GPP,with the interaction between VPD and GPP proving more pronounced than that of SM.Our research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms through which SM and VPD influence GPP,contributing to improved predictions vegetation productivity and implementing ecological restoration.
基金Higher Education Commission,Pakistan,under the National Research Program for Universities Project,Grant/Award Number:NBU-FPEJ-2024-1243-02。
文摘A grey-box modelling framework was developed for the estimation of cut point temperature of a crude distillation unit(CDU)under uncertainty in crude composition and process conditions.First principle(FP)model of CDU was developed for Pakistani crudes from Zamzama and Kunnar fields.A hybrid methodology based on the integration of Taguchi method and genetic algorithm(GA)was employed to estimate the optimal cut point temperature for various sets of process variables.Optimised datasets were utilised to develop an artificial neural networks(ANN)model for the prediction of optimum values of cut points.The ANN model was then used to replace the hybrid framework of the Taguchi method and the GA.The integration of the ANN and FP model makes it a grey-box(GB)model.For the case of Zamama crude,the GB model helped in the decrease of up to 38.93%in energy required per kilo barrel of diesel and an 8.2%increase in diesel production compared to the stand-alone FP model under uncertainty.Similarly,for Kunnar crude,up to 18.87%decrease in energy required per kilo barrel of diesel and a 33.96%increase in diesel production was observed in comparison to the stand-alone FP model.
