Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological process...Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological processes,including vascular smooth muscle relaxation,myocardial cell function regulation,neuron growth,and synaptic plasticity,et al.In recent years,the role of PKG in diseases has gradually attracted attention,and the abnormalities in its signaling pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Although PKG has been widely studied,its complex functions in different physiological systems and potential innovative applications still need to be further explored.This article reviews the purification techniques for PKG,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods,summarizes the structure and activation mechanism of each domain of PKG,and analyzes the physiological functions of PKG in organisms,especially the well-established roles in the cardiovascular system,nervous system,and endocrine system.The emerging therapeutic applications of PKG are also reviewed.In addition,the challenges of this field are proposed at the end.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which wer...[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.展开更多
As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory,...As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immune regulation and hormone-like effects. Phytosterol does not show any toxicity to human and animals, and it is a new functional feed additive approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. This article generally reviewed the physiological function of phytosterol like regulation of cholesterol metabolism, antioxidation, hormone-like effects, and its application on animal, production like hypolipidemic and improving dairy animals＇ milk composition. The paper provides a reference for wide application of phytosterol in animal feed.展开更多
Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity o...Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity of animals and improving gastrointestinal mieroflora. Lysozyme is non-toxic to livestock and poultry without drug residue or side effects, which is a novel green health-care feed additive. In this paper, the types, function mechanisms and physiological functions of lysozyme and its application in livestock industry were summarized, aiming at providing a scientific basis for the application of lysozyme in animal feeds.展开更多
Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. How...Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. However, in recent years, their dynamic changes and contributions in physiological states have a significant attention. CRMs have specific phenotypes and functions in different cardiac chambers or locations of the heart and at different stages. They further show specific differentiation and development processes. The present review will summarize the new progress about the spatiotemporal distribution, potential developmental regulation, and their roles in cardiac development and aging as well as the translational potential of CRMs on cardiac diseases. Of course, the research tools for CRMs, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and key issues on CRMs will further be discussed.展开更多
In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers su...In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.展开更多
Dietary fiber(DF),divided into soluble dietary fiber(SDF)and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF),has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition.Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy...Dietary fiber(DF),divided into soluble dietary fiber(SDF)and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF),has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition.Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy deposition in most cases,fiber-rich feeds have been widely used in pig diets.This is not only because of lower feed costs,but also from the continuous discovery about the nutritional value of DF,mainly including the improvement of piglet intestinal health and sow reproductive performance.The addition timing has also been further considered,which potentially enables the nutritional value of DF to be accurately used in applicable pig models.Furthermore,fiber degrading enzymes have been shown to alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of DF and have ensured the improvement effect of fiber on intestinal health in young piglet models.However,the regulatory effect of fiber on pork quality is still unclear,which requires consideration of the wide range of fiber sources and the complexity of the basic diet composition,as well as the impact of pig breeds.Taken together,future research needs to gain more insight into the combined effects of SDF and IDF,processing methods,and addition timing to improve the nutritional value of DF,and further explore the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of DF fermentation products short-chain fatty acids in pigs.展开更多
Selenium(Se)-enriched lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are live bacteria preparations that accumulate and bio-transform inorganic Se into organic Se forms including Se-nanoparticles(SeNPs),Se-amino acids and selenoproteins.Se...Selenium(Se)-enriched lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are live bacteria preparations that accumulate and bio-transform inorganic Se into organic Se forms including Se-nanoparticles(SeNPs),Se-amino acids and selenoproteins.Se-enriched LAB can play the dual role of organic Se supplement and probiotic effects,and have great applications in the food and biomedical fields.Therefore,more and more attentions have been paid on the Se-enriched LAB.This paper firstly summarized the factors affecting the Se-enrichment efficiency of Se-enriched LAB,then discussed the metabolic mechanisms and physiological functions of Se-enriched LAB,and finally reviewed their applications in food production,in order to provide a guidance for the theoretical and practical implementation of Se-enriched LAB.We concluded that 1)both biomass and the amount of Se enrichment should be used as dual indicators to screen Se-enriched LAB and comprehensively optimize the influencing factors including initial Se concentration,pH,inoculation amount,species of LAB to ensure the Se enrichment efficiency.2)The metabolic mechanism underlining Se-enriched LAB needs to be further revealed,which will facilitate the production of higher value Se compounds by LAB.3)The proven physiological functions of Se-enriched LAB include 5 categories:antioxidant activity,antibacterial activity,improving the physical function of animals,detoxification and disease prevention.However,the application of Se-enriched LAB in medical field currently still lacks clinical research,and convincing clinical evidence of effectiveness for Se-enriched LAB on human being must be established.4)The application in the food field will benefit from the stable existence in the food system of Se-enriched LAB and public acceptance,which come before the various health benefits.In any case,the great potential value of Se-enriched LAB formulations deserves further comprehensive exploration and development.展开更多
Probiotics have a long history of use in human production and life.With the gradual deepening of the research on the functions of probiotics,their various nutritional and health benefits for the human body have also b...Probiotics have a long history of use in human production and life.With the gradual deepening of the research on the functions of probiotics,their various nutritional and health benefits for the human body have also become increasingly clear.Existing research shows that probiotics can regulate intestinal flora,and improve immunity and even the symptoms of some diseases.Therefore,in the food industry,the application of probiotics from traditional fermented foods to functional foods has become more and more extensive.In this paper,the research progress of nutritional function and application of probiotics in food at home and abroad was reviewed,in order to provide some reference for the safe application of probiotics in food.展开更多
Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules form...Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules formation mechanism is conserved across species,from yeast to mammals,and they play a critical role in minimizing cellular damage during stress.Composed of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes,stress granules are enriched not only in mRNAs but also in noncoding RNAs and various proteins,including translation initiation factors and RNA-binding proteins.Genetic mutations affecting stress granule assembly and disassembly can lead to abnormal stress granule accumulation,contributing to the progression of several diseases.Recent research indicates that stress granule dynamics are pivotal in determining their physiological and pathological functions,with acute stress granule formation offering protection and chronic stress granule accumulation being detrimental.This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of stress granules under diverse physiological conditions,such as regulation of mRNA transport,mRNA translation,apoptosis,germ cell development,phase separation processes that govern stress granule formation,and their emerging implications in pathophysiological scenarios,such as viral infections,cancer,neurodevelopmental disorders,neurodegeneration,and neuronal trauma.展开更多
The absence of trace amounts of natural bioactive compounds with important biological activities in traditional dietary models for global farm animals,coupled with an incomplete theoretical system for animal nutrition...The absence of trace amounts of natural bioactive compounds with important biological activities in traditional dietary models for global farm animals,coupled with an incomplete theoretical system for animal nutrition,has led to unbalanced and inadequate animal nutrition.This deficiency has adversely impacted animal health and the ecological environment,presenting formidable challenges to the advancement of the swine breeding industry in various countries around the world toward high-quality development.Recently,due to the ban of antibiotics for growth promotion in swine diets,botanical active compounds have been extensively investigated as feed additives.Polyphenols represent a broad group of plant secondary metabolites.They are natural,non-toxic,pollution-free,and highly reproducible compounds that have a wide range of physiological functions,such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,antiviral,antibacterial,and metabolic activities.Accordingly,polyphenols have been widely studied and used as feed additives in swine production.This review summarizes the structural characteristics,classification,current application situation,general properties of polyphenols,and the latest research advances on their use in swine production.Additionally,the research and application bottlenecks and future development of plant polyphenols in the animal feed industry are reviewed and prospected.This review aims to stimulate the in-depth study of natural plant polyphenols and the research and development of related products in order to promote the green,healthy,and high-quality development of swine production,while also providing ideas for the innovation and development in the theoretical system of animal nutrition.展开更多
Compared to other organisms,plants have evolved a greater number of aquaporins with diverse substrates and functions to adapt to ever-changing environmental and internal stimuli for growth and development.Although aqu...Compared to other organisms,plants have evolved a greater number of aquaporins with diverse substrates and functions to adapt to ever-changing environmental and internal stimuli for growth and development.Although aquaporins were initially identified as channels that allow water molecules to cross biological membranes,progress has been made in identifying various novel permeable substrates.Many studies have characterized the versatile physiological and biophysical functions of plant aquaporins.Here,we review the recent reports that highlight aquaporin-facilitated regulation of major physiological processes and stress tolerance throughout plant life cycles as well as the potential prospects and possibilities of applying aquaporins to improve agricultural productivity,food quality,environmental protection,and ecological conservation.展开更多
The development, cytological characters and ultrastructure of phloem ganglion in the nodal region of Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie, a most economically important bamboo, were investigated and the possi...The development, cytological characters and ultrastructure of phloem ganglion in the nodal region of Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie, a most economically important bamboo, were investigated and the possible physiological function of this special structure was proposed. The phloem ganglion derived directly from procambium is situated at the sites where the vascular bundle forks and is present in pairs. The phloem ganglion is spindle_like in appearance and usually consists of 4 to 6 layers. Two kinds of cells in the ganglion could be distinguished. In the middle, there are two layers of filiform cells with pointed ends so that there are no normal sieve plates. Nevertheless, there are many pits on the lateral wall of the filiform cells. The other type of cells located at both ends of the spindle which possess an intermediate form between the filiform cell and the normal sieve tube. The walls of these cells towards the filiform cells are strongly convex forming a special sieve plate. Ultrastructure study showed that cells in the ganglion are connected by enriched plasmodesma. During early differentiation, the paramural body and the ingrowth of cell wall could be observed. It indicates that the cells of phloem ganglion have the character of transfer cells. The organelles in the mature cells are mainly plastids with abundant accumulation of proteins of crystalline structure. The above_mentioned results suggest that the physiological function of the phloem ganglion is closely related with substance transport.展开更多
In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around th...In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around the tumor, and analyzed the protein expression of human normal pituitary using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry proteomics technology. The ten most highly expressed proteins in normal human pituitary were： alpha 3 type VI collagen isoform 5 precursor （abundance among tall pituitary proteins 1.30%）, fibrinogen beta chain preproprotein （0.99%）, vimentin （0.73%）, prolactin （0.69%）, ATP synthase, H~ transporting and mitochondrial F1 complex beta subunit precursor （0.52%）, keratin I （0.49%）, growth hormone （0.45%）, carbonic anhydrase I （0.40%）, heat shock protein 90 kDa I （0.31%）, and annexin V （0.30%）. Based on the biological function classifications of these proteins, the top three categories by content were neuroendocrine proteins （abundance among all pituitary proteins, 40.1%）, catalytic and metabolic proteins （28.3%）, and cell signal transduction proteins （9.8%）. Based on cell positioning classification, the top three categories were cell organelle （24.5%） membrane （20.8%）, and cytoplasm （13.0%）. Based on biological process classification, the top three categories of proteins are involved in physiological processes （42.9%）, cellular processes （40.4%）, and regulation of biological processes （9.1%）. Our experimental findings indicate that a protein expression profile database of normal human pituitary can be precisely and efficiently established by proteomics technology.展开更多
The Trendelenburg position and reverse Trendelenburg position are frequently employed during lower abdominal surgery to achieve optimal surgical field visualization and complete exposure of the operative site, particu...The Trendelenburg position and reverse Trendelenburg position are frequently employed during lower abdominal surgery to achieve optimal surgical field visualization and complete exposure of the operative site, particularly under pneumoperitoneum conditions. However, these positions can have significant impacts on the patient’s physiological functions. This article overviews the historical background of Trendelenburg position and reverse Trendelenbury position, their effects on various physiological functions, recent advancements in their clinical applications, and strategies for preventing and managing associated complications.展开更多
The G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR)regulates downstream genes by binding to a heterotrimeric G protein.However,the function of sex peptide receptor(SPR)in lepidopteran species is mostly unknown.Understanding the phys...The G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR)regulates downstream genes by binding to a heterotrimeric G protein.However,the function of sex peptide receptor(SPR)in lepidopteran species is mostly unknown.Understanding the physiological functions of SPR in insects is essential for exploring new insecticidal targets.In the present study,the functions of an SPR in Lymantria dispar(Asian gypsy moth;LdSPR)were investigated.The expression of LdSPR was the highest in the 6 th instar larval stage,and there was a large difference in expression between male and female adults.After LdSPR gene silencing,L.dispar larvae showed increased sensitivity to high temperature,starvation,and oxidative stress,indicating that LdSPR enhances stress resistance.These results enrich our knowledge of the function of the insect SPRs,which will lead to a better understanding of other insect GPCR family members and the identification of new targets for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides.展开更多
BACKGROUND This case report describes a child with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome(HGPS,OMIM:176670)caused by LMNA(OMIM:150330)gene mutation,and we have previously analyzed the clinical manifestations and imaging...BACKGROUND This case report describes a child with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome(HGPS,OMIM:176670)caused by LMNA(OMIM:150330)gene mutation,and we have previously analyzed the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of this case.After 1-year treatment and follow-up,we focus on analyzing the changes in the clinical manifestations and genetic diagnosis of the patient.CASE SUMMARY In April 2020,a 2-year-old boy with HGPS was found to have an abnormal appearance,and growth and development lagged behind those of children of the same age.The child’s weight did not increase normally,the veins of the head were clearly visible,and he had shallow skin color and sparse yellow hair.Peripheral blood DNA samples obtained from the patient and his parents were sequenced using high-throughput whole-exosome sequencing,which was verified by Sanger sequencing.The results showed that there was a synonymous heterozygous mutation of C.1824 C>T(P.G608G)in the LMNA gene.CONCLUSION Mutation of the LMNA gene provides a molecular basis for diagnosis of HGPS and genetic counseling of the family.展开更多
Alpha linolenic acid （ ALA）, a kind of polyunsaturated fatty acid extracted from plants and fruits, has a variety of biological functions. In recent years, ALA has attracted much attention as a natural green feed ad...Alpha linolenic acid （ ALA）, a kind of polyunsaturated fatty acid extracted from plants and fruits, has a variety of biological functions. In recent years, ALA has attracted much attention as a natural green feed additive. The physical and chemical properties, metabolic process, physiological function of ALA as well as its application and mechanisms in livestock and poultry production are summarized in the paper.展开更多
Objective: to treat patients with cervical radiculopathy by TCM Tuina techniques, and to explore the effect of this treatment method on the disease. Methods: a total of 90 patients with cervical radiculopathy were stu...Objective: to treat patients with cervical radiculopathy by TCM Tuina techniques, and to explore the effect of this treatment method on the disease. Methods: a total of 90 patients with cervical radiculopathy were studied, all of whom met the diagnostic criteria of the disease, and were grouped on the principle of randomization after the consent of the patients and their families, and were divided into observation group and control group of 45 patients, and the treatment methods taken by the two groups of patients were different, of which the control group was given traditional Chinese medicine internal administration, while the observation group was given Traditional Chinese medicine Tuina treatment. Visual simulated pain scores, myelopathy dysfunction scale scores, and total treatment effectiveness rates were compared between the two groups. Results: no statistical differences were shown in the comparison of various scoring data before treatment (P>0.05). After the treatment, the patients scores decreased, and the data in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P0.05). The total efficiency was calculated and statistically showed that the data in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion: for patients with radiculopathy, the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Tuina treatment program is more significant, and the patients shoulder and neck pain will be greatly improved, and at the same time, it can effectively improve the blood supply and oxygen supply of muscles and enhance the physiological function of the neck, which is a treatment plan worth promoting and applying.展开更多
Black garlic is a processed product derived from fresh garlic,retaining the original nutritional components of garlic while enhancing many of its biological activities.Black garlic peptides are a class of bioactive pe...Black garlic is a processed product derived from fresh garlic,retaining the original nutritional components of garlic while enhancing many of its biological activities.Black garlic peptides are a class of bioactive peptides extracted from fermented black garlic,which have gained considerable attention due to their unique health benefits.This article comprehensively discusses the extraction technologies,structural composition,biological functions,and application potential of black garlic peptides in agriculture,medicine,and the food industry.Extraction methods for black garlic peptides include ammonium sulfate precipitation,alkali-soluble acid-precipitation,enhanced hybrid supercritical fluid-assisted atomization(SAA-HCM),and others,which can efficiently separate bioactive peptides from black garlic.Structural and compositional analysis reveals the characteristics of black garlic peptides as small molecule peptides and the mechanisms of action of these peptides within the body.Black garlic peptides demonstrate health benefits such as antioxidation,anti-inflammatory effects,lipid-lowering properties,and immunomodulatory effects,providing scientific support for their applications in the medical field.In terms of application potential,black garlic peptides can be used as natural plant growth regulators and disease control agents in agriculture;in the medical field,their health benefits make them an important resource for developing new health supplements and drugs;in the food industry,black garlic peptides can serve as functional food additives to enhance the nutritional value and health benefits of foods.As a multifunctional bioactive substance,the optimization of extraction methods,in-depth studies of structure and function,and the development of applications in various fields will bring new opportunities for human health and industrial development.Future research should further explore the detailed mechanisms of action of black garlic peptides and their specific effects in different application domains to promote their wider use.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22374033,22174031,22407037)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2022B001).
文摘Protein Kinase G(PKG)is an important intracellular signal transduction enzyme,and its activity is modulated by cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP).PKG plays a pivotal role in various significant physiological processes,including vascular smooth muscle relaxation,myocardial cell function regulation,neuron growth,and synaptic plasticity,et al.In recent years,the role of PKG in diseases has gradually attracted attention,and the abnormalities in its signaling pathway are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases.Although PKG has been widely studied,its complex functions in different physiological systems and potential innovative applications still need to be further explored.This article reviews the purification techniques for PKG,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods,summarizes the structure and activation mechanism of each domain of PKG,and analyzes the physiological functions of PKG in organisms,especially the well-established roles in the cardiovascular system,nervous system,and endocrine system.The emerging therapeutic applications of PKG are also reviewed.In addition,the challenges of this field are proposed at the end.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Construction of Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of BAAFS(KJCX201101010-22)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to explore the effect of purple yam on the nutritional and physiological functions of rats.[Method] Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group which were reared with artificial semisynthetic feed added with 10% steamed yam powder.The four groups,the casein（CK） group which was used as the control,the purple yam（PY） group,the Tiegun yam（TY） group and common Huai yam（HY） group,were supplied with feed of equal content of energy,protein and fat.The rats were pair-fed for 56 days to observe changes of relevant nutritional and physiological indices.[Result] There were no significant differences of body weight,food conversion rate and organ indices between rats in PY group and CK group.Mean corpuscular hemoglobin in PY group was significantly lower than that in CK group;hemoglobin showed no significant difference with that in CK group;eosnophils was lower than that in CK group.Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,total cholesterol and atherogenic index in PY group were lower than that in the other three groups;anti-atherogenic index was the highest among the four groups,while showing no significant difference;triglyceride content was lower than that in CK group.Among the antioxidant indices,the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher than that in CK group,while malondialdehyde content was lower than that in CK group.[Conclusion] Purple yam showed the trend of reducing the content of blood glucose,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,triglyceride,malondialdehyde,and raising the activity of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase,thus having certain antioxidative function.
基金Supported by Major Project of National Spark Program(2011GA650001)
文摘As a bioactive substance, phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease. It also has such physiological functions as growth regulation, promotion of protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immune regulation and hormone-like effects. Phytosterol does not show any toxicity to human and animals, and it is a new functional feed additive approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. This article generally reviewed the physiological function of phytosterol like regulation of cholesterol metabolism, antioxidation, hormone-like effects, and its application on animal, production like hypolipidemic and improving dairy animals＇ milk composition. The paper provides a reference for wide application of phytosterol in animal feed.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Program of North Jiangsu(BN2014076)
文摘Lysozyme is an important immune factor of animals and a hydrolase specifically acting on microbial cell wall, which exhibits various functions, such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, antivirus, enhancing immunity of animals and improving gastrointestinal mieroflora. Lysozyme is non-toxic to livestock and poultry without drug residue or side effects, which is a novel green health-care feed additive. In this paper, the types, function mechanisms and physiological functions of lysozyme and its application in livestock industry were summarized, aiming at providing a scientific basis for the application of lysozyme in animal feeds.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32370984 and 82101914)Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(2019-WSN-122,China)+2 种基金Projects of International Cooperation from Jiangsu Province(BX2019100,China)Key Funds from the Health Commission of Jiangsu Province(ZD2021009,China)the Social Development Foundation of Zhenjiang(SH2022060,China).
文摘Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. However, in recent years, their dynamic changes and contributions in physiological states have a significant attention. CRMs have specific phenotypes and functions in different cardiac chambers or locations of the heart and at different stages. They further show specific differentiation and development processes. The present review will summarize the new progress about the spatiotemporal distribution, potential developmental regulation, and their roles in cardiac development and aging as well as the translational potential of CRMs on cardiac diseases. Of course, the research tools for CRMs, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and key issues on CRMs will further be discussed.
基金supported by the Shanghai New Three-year Action Plan for Public Health(Grant No.GWV-10.1-XK16)the US National Institute on Aging(RO1-AGO34479).
文摘In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(19B267)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2054).
文摘Dietary fiber(DF),divided into soluble dietary fiber(SDF)and insoluble dietary fiber(IDF),has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition.Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy deposition in most cases,fiber-rich feeds have been widely used in pig diets.This is not only because of lower feed costs,but also from the continuous discovery about the nutritional value of DF,mainly including the improvement of piglet intestinal health and sow reproductive performance.The addition timing has also been further considered,which potentially enables the nutritional value of DF to be accurately used in applicable pig models.Furthermore,fiber degrading enzymes have been shown to alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of DF and have ensured the improvement effect of fiber on intestinal health in young piglet models.However,the regulatory effect of fiber on pork quality is still unclear,which requires consideration of the wide range of fiber sources and the complexity of the basic diet composition,as well as the impact of pig breeds.Taken together,future research needs to gain more insight into the combined effects of SDF and IDF,processing methods,and addition timing to improve the nutritional value of DF,and further explore the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of DF fermentation products short-chain fatty acids in pigs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Project(31972050).
文摘Selenium(Se)-enriched lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are live bacteria preparations that accumulate and bio-transform inorganic Se into organic Se forms including Se-nanoparticles(SeNPs),Se-amino acids and selenoproteins.Se-enriched LAB can play the dual role of organic Se supplement and probiotic effects,and have great applications in the food and biomedical fields.Therefore,more and more attentions have been paid on the Se-enriched LAB.This paper firstly summarized the factors affecting the Se-enrichment efficiency of Se-enriched LAB,then discussed the metabolic mechanisms and physiological functions of Se-enriched LAB,and finally reviewed their applications in food production,in order to provide a guidance for the theoretical and practical implementation of Se-enriched LAB.We concluded that 1)both biomass and the amount of Se enrichment should be used as dual indicators to screen Se-enriched LAB and comprehensively optimize the influencing factors including initial Se concentration,pH,inoculation amount,species of LAB to ensure the Se enrichment efficiency.2)The metabolic mechanism underlining Se-enriched LAB needs to be further revealed,which will facilitate the production of higher value Se compounds by LAB.3)The proven physiological functions of Se-enriched LAB include 5 categories:antioxidant activity,antibacterial activity,improving the physical function of animals,detoxification and disease prevention.However,the application of Se-enriched LAB in medical field currently still lacks clinical research,and convincing clinical evidence of effectiveness for Se-enriched LAB on human being must be established.4)The application in the food field will benefit from the stable existence in the food system of Se-enriched LAB and public acceptance,which come before the various health benefits.In any case,the great potential value of Se-enriched LAB formulations deserves further comprehensive exploration and development.
基金Supported by The Fourth Batch of High-end Talent Project in Hebei Province.
文摘Probiotics have a long history of use in human production and life.With the gradual deepening of the research on the functions of probiotics,their various nutritional and health benefits for the human body have also become increasingly clear.Existing research shows that probiotics can regulate intestinal flora,and improve immunity and even the symptoms of some diseases.Therefore,in the food industry,the application of probiotics from traditional fermented foods to functional foods has become more and more extensive.In this paper,the research progress of nutritional function and application of probiotics in food at home and abroad was reviewed,in order to provide some reference for the safe application of probiotics in food.
基金supported by a grant from the Merkin Peripheral Neuropathy and Nerve Regeneration Center(to PKS)the Rutgers University Startup Fund(to PKS).
文摘Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules formation mechanism is conserved across species,from yeast to mammals,and they play a critical role in minimizing cellular damage during stress.Composed of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes,stress granules are enriched not only in mRNAs but also in noncoding RNAs and various proteins,including translation initiation factors and RNA-binding proteins.Genetic mutations affecting stress granule assembly and disassembly can lead to abnormal stress granule accumulation,contributing to the progression of several diseases.Recent research indicates that stress granule dynamics are pivotal in determining their physiological and pathological functions,with acute stress granule formation offering protection and chronic stress granule accumulation being detrimental.This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of stress granules under diverse physiological conditions,such as regulation of mRNA transport,mRNA translation,apoptosis,germ cell development,phase separation processes that govern stress granule formation,and their emerging implications in pathophysiological scenarios,such as viral infections,cancer,neurodevelopmental disorders,neurodegeneration,and neuronal trauma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20515&32102578)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1302300)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJJ191140)the Doctoral Foundation of Nanchang Normal University(NSBSJJ2019002)。
文摘The absence of trace amounts of natural bioactive compounds with important biological activities in traditional dietary models for global farm animals,coupled with an incomplete theoretical system for animal nutrition,has led to unbalanced and inadequate animal nutrition.This deficiency has adversely impacted animal health and the ecological environment,presenting formidable challenges to the advancement of the swine breeding industry in various countries around the world toward high-quality development.Recently,due to the ban of antibiotics for growth promotion in swine diets,botanical active compounds have been extensively investigated as feed additives.Polyphenols represent a broad group of plant secondary metabolites.They are natural,non-toxic,pollution-free,and highly reproducible compounds that have a wide range of physiological functions,such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,antiviral,antibacterial,and metabolic activities.Accordingly,polyphenols have been widely studied and used as feed additives in swine production.This review summarizes the structural characteristics,classification,current application situation,general properties of polyphenols,and the latest research advances on their use in swine production.Additionally,the research and application bottlenecks and future development of plant polyphenols in the animal feed industry are reviewed and prospected.This review aims to stimulate the in-depth study of natural plant polyphenols and the research and development of related products in order to promote the green,healthy,and high-quality development of swine production,while also providing ideas for the innovation and development in the theoretical system of animal nutrition.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1201104-02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272048)to Xiaodong Ding。
文摘Compared to other organisms,plants have evolved a greater number of aquaporins with diverse substrates and functions to adapt to ever-changing environmental and internal stimuli for growth and development.Although aquaporins were initially identified as channels that allow water molecules to cross biological membranes,progress has been made in identifying various novel permeable substrates.Many studies have characterized the versatile physiological and biophysical functions of plant aquaporins.Here,we review the recent reports that highlight aquaporin-facilitated regulation of major physiological processes and stress tolerance throughout plant life cycles as well as the potential prospects and possibilities of applying aquaporins to improve agricultural productivity,food quality,environmental protection,and ecological conservation.
基金InternationalFoundationforScience Sweden +1 种基金D/ 2 1 69_1 FoundationoftheEducationMinistryofChina .
文摘The development, cytological characters and ultrastructure of phloem ganglion in the nodal region of Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie, a most economically important bamboo, were investigated and the possible physiological function of this special structure was proposed. The phloem ganglion derived directly from procambium is situated at the sites where the vascular bundle forks and is present in pairs. The phloem ganglion is spindle_like in appearance and usually consists of 4 to 6 layers. Two kinds of cells in the ganglion could be distinguished. In the middle, there are two layers of filiform cells with pointed ends so that there are no normal sieve plates. Nevertheless, there are many pits on the lateral wall of the filiform cells. The other type of cells located at both ends of the spindle which possess an intermediate form between the filiform cell and the normal sieve tube. The walls of these cells towards the filiform cells are strongly convex forming a special sieve plate. Ultrastructure study showed that cells in the ganglion are connected by enriched plasmodesma. During early differentiation, the paramural body and the ingrowth of cell wall could be observed. It indicates that the cells of phloem ganglion have the character of transfer cells. The organelles in the mature cells are mainly plastids with abundant accumulation of proteins of crystalline structure. The above_mentioned results suggest that the physiological function of the phloem ganglion is closely related with substance transport.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China, No. 81200890
文摘In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around the tumor, and analyzed the protein expression of human normal pituitary using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry proteomics technology. The ten most highly expressed proteins in normal human pituitary were： alpha 3 type VI collagen isoform 5 precursor （abundance among tall pituitary proteins 1.30%）, fibrinogen beta chain preproprotein （0.99%）, vimentin （0.73%）, prolactin （0.69%）, ATP synthase, H~ transporting and mitochondrial F1 complex beta subunit precursor （0.52%）, keratin I （0.49%）, growth hormone （0.45%）, carbonic anhydrase I （0.40%）, heat shock protein 90 kDa I （0.31%）, and annexin V （0.30%）. Based on the biological function classifications of these proteins, the top three categories by content were neuroendocrine proteins （abundance among all pituitary proteins, 40.1%）, catalytic and metabolic proteins （28.3%）, and cell signal transduction proteins （9.8%）. Based on cell positioning classification, the top three categories were cell organelle （24.5%） membrane （20.8%）, and cytoplasm （13.0%）. Based on biological process classification, the top three categories of proteins are involved in physiological processes （42.9%）, cellular processes （40.4%）, and regulation of biological processes （9.1%）. Our experimental findings indicate that a protein expression profile database of normal human pituitary can be precisely and efficiently established by proteomics technology.
基金This study was supported by 2021 Jiaxing Key Discipline of Medicine(2021-GFXK-01).
文摘The Trendelenburg position and reverse Trendelenburg position are frequently employed during lower abdominal surgery to achieve optimal surgical field visualization and complete exposure of the operative site, particularly under pneumoperitoneum conditions. However, these positions can have significant impacts on the patient’s physiological functions. This article overviews the historical background of Trendelenburg position and reverse Trendelenbury position, their effects on various physiological functions, recent advancements in their clinical applications, and strategies for preventing and managing associated complications.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570642)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2572019CG04)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program,China(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team)。
文摘The G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR)regulates downstream genes by binding to a heterotrimeric G protein.However,the function of sex peptide receptor(SPR)in lepidopteran species is mostly unknown.Understanding the physiological functions of SPR in insects is essential for exploring new insecticidal targets.In the present study,the functions of an SPR in Lymantria dispar(Asian gypsy moth;LdSPR)were investigated.The expression of LdSPR was the highest in the 6 th instar larval stage,and there was a large difference in expression between male and female adults.After LdSPR gene silencing,L.dispar larvae showed increased sensitivity to high temperature,starvation,and oxidative stress,indicating that LdSPR enhances stress resistance.These results enrich our knowledge of the function of the insect SPRs,which will lead to a better understanding of other insect GPCR family members and the identification of new targets for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides.
基金Supported by Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center,No.(2021)75 and No.(2021)276.
文摘BACKGROUND This case report describes a child with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome(HGPS,OMIM:176670)caused by LMNA(OMIM:150330)gene mutation,and we have previously analyzed the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of this case.After 1-year treatment and follow-up,we focus on analyzing the changes in the clinical manifestations and genetic diagnosis of the patient.CASE SUMMARY In April 2020,a 2-year-old boy with HGPS was found to have an abnormal appearance,and growth and development lagged behind those of children of the same age.The child’s weight did not increase normally,the veins of the head were clearly visible,and he had shallow skin color and sparse yellow hair.Peripheral blood DNA samples obtained from the patient and his parents were sequenced using high-throughput whole-exosome sequencing,which was verified by Sanger sequencing.The results showed that there was a synonymous heterozygous mutation of C.1824 C>T(P.G608G)in the LMNA gene.CONCLUSION Mutation of the LMNA gene provides a molecular basis for diagnosis of HGPS and genetic counseling of the family.
基金Supported by Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(15A230012)
文摘Alpha linolenic acid （ ALA）, a kind of polyunsaturated fatty acid extracted from plants and fruits, has a variety of biological functions. In recent years, ALA has attracted much attention as a natural green feed additive. The physical and chemical properties, metabolic process, physiological function of ALA as well as its application and mechanisms in livestock and poultry production are summarized in the paper.
文摘Objective: to treat patients with cervical radiculopathy by TCM Tuina techniques, and to explore the effect of this treatment method on the disease. Methods: a total of 90 patients with cervical radiculopathy were studied, all of whom met the diagnostic criteria of the disease, and were grouped on the principle of randomization after the consent of the patients and their families, and were divided into observation group and control group of 45 patients, and the treatment methods taken by the two groups of patients were different, of which the control group was given traditional Chinese medicine internal administration, while the observation group was given Traditional Chinese medicine Tuina treatment. Visual simulated pain scores, myelopathy dysfunction scale scores, and total treatment effectiveness rates were compared between the two groups. Results: no statistical differences were shown in the comparison of various scoring data before treatment (P>0.05). After the treatment, the patients scores decreased, and the data in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P0.05). The total efficiency was calculated and statistically showed that the data in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion: for patients with radiculopathy, the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Tuina treatment program is more significant, and the patients shoulder and neck pain will be greatly improved, and at the same time, it can effectively improve the blood supply and oxygen supply of muscles and enhance the physiological function of the neck, which is a treatment plan worth promoting and applying.
文摘Black garlic is a processed product derived from fresh garlic,retaining the original nutritional components of garlic while enhancing many of its biological activities.Black garlic peptides are a class of bioactive peptides extracted from fermented black garlic,which have gained considerable attention due to their unique health benefits.This article comprehensively discusses the extraction technologies,structural composition,biological functions,and application potential of black garlic peptides in agriculture,medicine,and the food industry.Extraction methods for black garlic peptides include ammonium sulfate precipitation,alkali-soluble acid-precipitation,enhanced hybrid supercritical fluid-assisted atomization(SAA-HCM),and others,which can efficiently separate bioactive peptides from black garlic.Structural and compositional analysis reveals the characteristics of black garlic peptides as small molecule peptides and the mechanisms of action of these peptides within the body.Black garlic peptides demonstrate health benefits such as antioxidation,anti-inflammatory effects,lipid-lowering properties,and immunomodulatory effects,providing scientific support for their applications in the medical field.In terms of application potential,black garlic peptides can be used as natural plant growth regulators and disease control agents in agriculture;in the medical field,their health benefits make them an important resource for developing new health supplements and drugs;in the food industry,black garlic peptides can serve as functional food additives to enhance the nutritional value and health benefits of foods.As a multifunctional bioactive substance,the optimization of extraction methods,in-depth studies of structure and function,and the development of applications in various fields will bring new opportunities for human health and industrial development.Future research should further explore the detailed mechanisms of action of black garlic peptides and their specific effects in different application domains to promote their wider use.
