Pelargonium zonale is an important ornamental and medicinal plant.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of conventional and unconventional fertilization on variations in the physicochemical par...Pelargonium zonale is an important ornamental and medicinal plant.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of conventional and unconventional fertilization on variations in the physicochemical parameters of the culture substrate(temperature,pH,and electrical conductivity)in two cultivars of Pelargonium zonale(L.)L’Hér.,grown in pots.This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions,using Pindstrup peat as the culture substrate.The analysis focused on how these physicochemical indicators of peat influenced plant height and development under fertilization conditions.Results revealed that in the‘Tango Salmon’cultivar,both fertilization regimes significantly modified substrate temperature and electrical conductivity(conventional fertilization leading to the highest electric conductivity values of 0.77 mS/cm)while in control,was observed the highest substrate temperature(21.24℃).In contrast,pH remained relatively stable across treatments.In the‘Tango Dark Red’cultivar,no significant differences were observed between substrate physicochemical parameters regardless of treatment.The multiple correlations coefficients values showed that substrate parameters influenced plant height with varying degrees of intensity depending on cultivar and fertilization scheme,reaching up the highest predictability of 60.6%in the‘Tango Dark Red’control variant.The study highlighted that physicochemical properties of the substrate(particularly electric conductivity and temperature)are for were the main contributors to optimal plant development and should be carefully managed within fertilization strategies.展开更多
Physicochemical parameters of surface water sources in the study of local government areas (LGAs) were assessed using standard procedures. The mean physicochemical parameters for pH (5.49), NO2 (0.23 mg/L), SO4 (0.77 ...Physicochemical parameters of surface water sources in the study of local government areas (LGAs) were assessed using standard procedures. The mean physicochemical parameters for pH (5.49), NO2 (0.23 mg/L), SO4 (0.77 mg/L), Na (28.72 mg/L), Ca (28.94 mg/L), Mg (17.50 mg/L), Cl (11.65 mg/L), TSS (6.27 mg/L), TDS (104.23 mg/L), BOD (2.83 mg/L) and F (0.87 mg/L) were below WHO standards irrespective of their defecation status. The values for electrical conductivity (EC) (2770.50 µs/cm, turbidity (481.24 NTU), dissolved oxygen (DO) (5.32 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (445.50 mg/L), K (125.06 mg/L), PO4 (0.78 mg/L) and Fe (0.57 mg/L) were above the WHO limits for safe water. Higher EC and COD values obtained in the study is evidence of pollution of the water sources by organic matter.展开更多
This study compared the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in soil samples from selected anthropogenic sites within Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria using standard analytical methods. Soil samples...This study compared the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in soil samples from selected anthropogenic sites within Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria using standard analytical methods. Soil samples at depths (0 - 20 cm) and (20 - 40 cm) were collected from waste dump sites, metal scrap dumps, fuel filling stations and auto-mechanic workshops and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal levels. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for heavy metal determination while conventional analytical methods were employed for physicochemical parameters evaluation of the soil samples. At soil depths 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm the respective mean range of pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter and organic carbon contents in the soil samples were, 6.33 - 6.74, 101.46 - 123.21 <em>μ</em>S/cm, 6.41% - 8.35% and 13.73% - 16.14% for auto-mechanic workshops;6.92 - 7.43, 56.46 - 60.02 <em>μ</em>S/cm, 1.53% - 2.20% and 11.93% - 12.60% for fuel filling stations;7.14 - 7.84, 70.81 - 77.71 <em>μ</em>S/cm, 3.81% - 4.12% and 8.57% - 9.24% for metal scrap dumps;6.54 - 6.81, 94.40 - 100.71 <em>μ</em>S/cm, 8.83% - 10.75% and 18.26% - 20.81% for waste dump sites. The pH of the top soil samples from auto-mechanical workshop was below the WHO recommended limits for agricultural purposes. The physic-chemical characteristics of the soil samples decreased with soil depths indicating therefore that anthropogenic activities greatly influence the soil characteristics at the top soils than the sub-soils. The electrical conductivity values of top and sub-soil samples from the studied auto-mechanical workshops were above the recommended limits. At soil depths 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm, the respective mean range of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil samples were 17.29 - 19.16 <em>μ</em>g/g, 0.704 - 0.96 <em>μ</em>g/g and 0.26 - 0.33 <em>μ</em>g/g for auto-mechanic workshops;4.13 - 4.88 <em>μ</em>g/g, 0.21 - 0.32 <em>μ</em>g/g and 0.03 - 0.11 <em>μ</em>g/g for fuel filling stations;30.02 - 36.11 <em>μ</em>g/g, 0.43 - 0.48 <em>μ</em>g/g and 0.15 - 0.19 <em>μ</em>g/g for metal scrap dumps;9.30 - 10.84 <em>μ</em>g/g, 0.53 - 0.60 <em>μ</em>g/g and 0.38 - 0.45 <em>μ</em>g/g for waste dump sites. The mean levels of Pb in soil samples from mechanic workshops and waste dump sites were above the recommended permissible limits for agricultural purposes. The study therefore indicated that these sites (auto-mechanic workshops and waste dump sites) could be major sources of Pb pollution to nearby farmlands, streams and the general environment. Plants grown on or around these sites may not produce high yields and could be severely contaminated with heavy metals which portend health danger to food consumers within the environment.展开更多
The widespread use of disinfectants and various medications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about their potential impact on the characteristics of natural waters. To assess the effect of the C...The widespread use of disinfectants and various medications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about their potential impact on the characteristics of natural waters. To assess the effect of the COVID-19 response on surface waters in Yaoundé, various physicochemical parameters of three rivers (Mfoundi, Tongolo, and Mingoa) were examined over 8 months. The selection of these rivers was based on their proximity to hospitals involved in COVID-19 patient management. Physico-chemical parameters were measured following standard protocols, and their spatiotemporal variations and the influence of various factors, were examined. The results revealed that, during the study period, the values for temperature (23˚C to 30˚C), dissolved oxygen (14% to 90%), pH (6.2 to 9.5), electrical conductivity (100 to 662 µS/cm), oxidability (0.19 to 42.19 mg/l), and suspended solids (1 to 725 mg/l) exhibited variations, except for total dissolved solids (30 to 470 mg/l), whose levels remained within the recommended limit (s = 0.812, P = 0.014) with oxidability levels in the Tongolo river. The COVID-19 response measures had a limited negative effect on the surface waters of Yaoundé during the study period. This could be attributed to the disproportionate application of hygiene measures among the city’s populations. Additionally, the lack of flow observed in certain rivers requires particular attention from authorities and the populations to safeguard the city’s ecosystems.展开更多
This work deals with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of a hospital wastewater that is directly discharged in water bodies without treatment. Our focus was paid on the teaching hospital of Trei...This work deals with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of a hospital wastewater that is directly discharged in water bodies without treatment. Our focus was paid on the teaching hospital of Treichville (Cote d’Ivoire). For the purpose, various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand for five days (BOD<sub>5</sub>), salinity, and total suspended solids have been assessed. For the microbiological investigations, the parameters consisting in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and total coliforms have been assessed. From the analysis, it has been found that the wastewaters of the teaching hospital of Treichville are highly loaded in organic pollutants and in pathogens bacteria. The values of nitrate, dissolved oxygen demand, COD, BOD<sub>5</sub> and biological parameters do not respect the international (WHO) values recommended for the water to be discharged in the environment. The ratio COD/BOD<sub>5</sub> has been determined to vary between 1.25 and 2.80. The results showed that the studied wastewater is a domestic type wastewater composed either by mostly biodegradable pollutants or a mixture of biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutants. These wastewaters constitute therefore a risk for the populations since they are discharged in water bodies without any treatment and used by communities.展开更多
Objective:To determine common physico-chemical parameters of coastal water.Methods:Physicochemical properties of water were determined according to the standards of the American Public Health Association.Generally,all...Objective:To determine common physico-chemical parameters of coastal water.Methods:Physicochemical properties of water were determined according to the standards of the American Public Health Association.Generally,all those parameters were recorded a small variation between stations.The variation in physico-chemical parameters like salinity,temperature,dissolved oxygen and pH at Gwadar(Coastal water of Balochistan)were recorded.Results:The range of air temperature of coastal water of Balochistan during 2004 and 2006 varies from 25℃to 37℃,water temperature ranged from 15.00℃to 33.00℃,pH ranged from 7.08 to 8.95,salinity ranged from 37.4‰to 41.3‰and dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.32 to 8.67 mg/L.Conclusions:Results showed that these parameters of Balochistan coast of Pakistan is not dangerous for marine habitat and the use of these parameters in monitoring programs to assess ecosystem health has the potential to inform the general public and decision-makers about the state of the coastal ecosystems.To save this vital important habitat,the government agencies and scientists should work with proper attention.展开更多
The physicochemical characteristics of Khaya senegalensis seed oil were investigated. Iodine value, saponification value, percentage free fatty acid (FFA), acid value, and peroxide value were the chemical parameters e...The physicochemical characteristics of Khaya senegalensis seed oil were investigated. Iodine value, saponification value, percentage free fatty acid (FFA), acid value, and peroxide value were the chemical parameters examined in the oil analysis, while specific gravity and refractive index were examined as physical parameters. The results showed that the acid value was 1.18 ± 0.01, the saponification value was 191.76 ± 0.01 mgKOH/gm, and the iodine value was 102.79 ± 0.01. It contained 0.59 ± 0.01 percent free fatty acid. The value of peroxide was 6.83 ± 0.01 meq/kg. The results showed that the refractive index was 1.462 ± 0.02 and the specific gravity was 0.9194 ± 0.04. The established parameters fell within the worldwide and Nigerian vegetable oil industry standards.展开更多
The study carried out on the waters of the Méné River led to an overall assessment of its water quality during the dry season and the rainy season. The analysis focused on eight (8) water samples taken from ...The study carried out on the waters of the Méné River led to an overall assessment of its water quality during the dry season and the rainy season. The analysis focused on eight (8) water samples taken from the river during a period of dry season (January-February) and a period of rainy season (June and September). The various physicochemical parameters were measured according to Afnor standardized methods. The readings of temperature, turbidity, pH and conductivity made it possible to account for the disturbances occurring in water quality. A temporal variation correlated with the seasons (dry or rainy) is noted. Turbidity depends on the concentration of suspended solids (SS) in the water and drained particles and therefore on the seasons. Just like the temperature, the conductivity changes with the season. The waters of the Méné River are generally acidic. The results obtained show that there is a low level of pollution by chlorides, phosphates, nitrites and nitrates. A slight pollution of the waters of Méné in organic matter (chemical oxygen demand values are less than 25 mg∙L−1 during dry season and 32.33 ± 4.73 mg∙L−1 during rainy season) was observed. The concentrations of metallic trace elements such as iron, manganese and aluminum indicate significant pollution of these waters by these elements. Overall, the waters of the Méné River are of satisfactory quality because all the physicochemical parameters analyzed have values below standards during the dry season as well as during the rainy season with the exception of COD and a few metallic trace elements.展开更多
The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building h...The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building hydraulic infrastructure for this purpose. However, the quality of water coming from these infrastructures remains to be determined. This study therefore aims to analyze certain physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of Gloazra, Kouezra and Trahonfla. These are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity level, hardness, alkalinity, chloride content and bicarbonate. To determine the pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, TDS, and salinity rate, an electrochemical analysis was carried out. The titrimetric analysis made it possible to determine the chloride and bicarbonate content, alkalinity, and hardness. The results indicate that the studied groundwater is soft and acidic with good mineralization. This water does not present a health hazard to consumers but can affect hydraulic equipment and household containers.展开更多
This study was conducted to observe the abundance and distribution of phy-<span style="font-family:Verdana;">toplankton and temporal and spatial variation physico-chemical water parame</span><...This study was conducted to observe the abundance and distribution of phy-<span style="font-family:Verdana;">toplankton and temporal and spatial variation physico-chemical water parame</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ters in coastal water of Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Water samples and in-situ water quality parameters were taken from five selected locations from May 2019 to February 2020. The sampling location was selected based on human-induced activities such as Marina Resort’s Jetty (ST1), Sabah Ports’ Jetty </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ST2), aquaculture cage/pent (ST3), river’s mouth (ST4) and Landung</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Ayang’s water village (ST5). Water parameters: pH, salinity (ppt), dissolved </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">oxygen (mg/L) temperature (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and depth (m) were recorded once every</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> month from the selected station. Identification of phytoplanktonic species and cell density </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(cell/mL) were determined from collected water samples. S</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ignificant differ</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ences (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) between physicochemical parameters to months were observed during the study period. However, in spatial variations, significant differences (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) of pH, dissolved oxygen (mg/L) and temperature (<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C) observed. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 21 phytoplankton species were identified from the study area, where 4 species belonged to Dinophyceae (HABs blooming species) and 17 species belonged to Bacillariophyceae. The influences of physicochemical water parameters were not significant in phytoplankton diversity and abundance. In addition to these parameters, the nutrients in the water might have important roles in the blooming of phytoplankton, which are essential and vital to address in this type of research.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
This study systemmatically investigated the effects of solid content and dispersant content on the physicochemical properties of ZnO-SnO_(2) composite ink.The experimental results show that even with the use of low-mo...This study systemmatically investigated the effects of solid content and dispersant content on the physicochemical properties of ZnO-SnO_(2) composite ink.The experimental results show that even with the use of low-molecular-weight PEG400 dispersant,gas-sensitive ink with high solid content and good suspension stability can be obtained,which is advantageous for low-temperature film formation and can effectively prevent property changes and film crack of high-temperature-sintering-induced material.Under this condition,the ink at a 15wt%solid content and 2wt%-10wt%PEG400 has good film-forming ability and high adhesion strength on the micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)micro-hotplates.Especially,the MEMS sensor printed using the ink of 6wt%PEG400 shows highest sensitivity,favorable impact resistance,thermal shock resistance,and up to 8 years of service life.展开更多
The overall objective of this work is to evaluate the energy potential of biogas inputs(chicken manure and pig poop)with a view to their value.The research determined the physicochemical composition,the amount of biog...The overall objective of this work is to evaluate the energy potential of biogas inputs(chicken manure and pig poop)with a view to their value.The research determined the physicochemical composition,the amount of biogas produced per day and the average.For hen dung,humidity(28.47%),DM(dry matter)(71.53%),OM(organic matter)(67%),density(270.77 kg/m^(3)),carbon content(39.7%),nitrogen content(2.55%)and C/N ratio(15.23)and pig pork,moisture(47.98%),DM(45.6%),OM(23.55%),mass volumic(693.12 kg/m^(3)),carbon(38.88%),nitrogen(1.82%)and C/N(11.26).These results compared to those of the literature revealed a very good coincidence.Two experiments on the methanation of these inputs were carried out,the anaerobic digestion lasted 24 days,in a temperature range of 24 to 30℃(mesophilic range).It was obtained for:hen dung 0.02526 m^(3) and pig poach 0.00841 m^(3) and on average the daily specific production of biogas of different substrates is:pork dung(0.00407 m^(3)/day)and the hen dung(0.00108 m^(3)/d)at an average temperature of 24℃.展开更多
There are many different and even controversial results concerning the effects of Tamarisk on the physicochemical properties of soil. A year-round monitoring of soil salinity, p H and moisture is conducted beneath the...There are many different and even controversial results concerning the effects of Tamarisk on the physicochemical properties of soil. A year-round monitoring of soil salinity, p H and moisture is conducted beneath the Tamarisk shrub in a coastal wetland in the Bohai Sea in China, to ascertain the effects of Tamarisk on the physicochemical properties of soil in coastal wetland. Compared with the control area, the soil moisture content is lower around the area of the taproot when there is less precipitation in the growing season because of water consumption by Tamarisk shrub. However, the soil moisture content is higher around the taproot when there is more precipitation in the growing season or in the non-growing period because of water conservation by the rhizosphere. The absorption of salt by the Tamarisk shrub reduces the soil salinity temporarily, but eventually salt returns to the soil by the leaching of salt on leaves by rainfall or by fallen leaves. The annual average soil moisture content beneath the Tamarisk shrub is lower than the control area by only 6.4%, indicating that the Tamarisk shrub has little effect on drought or water conservation in soils in the temperate coastal wetland with moderate annual precipitation. The annual average salinity beneath the Tamarisk shrub is 18% greater than that of the control area, indicating that Tamarisk does have an effect of rising soil salinity around Tamarisk shrubs. The soil p H value is as low as 7.3 in summer and as high as 10.2 in winter. The p H of soil near the taproot of the Tamarisk shrubs is one p H unit lower than that in the control area during the growing season. The difference in p H is less different from the control area in the non-growing season, indicating that the Tamarisk shrub does have the effect of reducing the alkalinity of soil in coastal wetland.展开更多
To assess the magnitude of water quality decline in the Turag River of Bangladesh,this study examined the seasonal variation of physi-cochemical parameters of water,identified potential pollution sources,and clustered...To assess the magnitude of water quality decline in the Turag River of Bangladesh,this study examined the seasonal variation of physi-cochemical parameters of water,identified potential pollution sources,and clustered the monitoring months with similar characteristics.Water samples were collected in four distinct seasons to evaluate temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration,five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5),chemical oxygen demand(COD),electrical conductivity(EC),chloride ion(Cl^(-))concentration,total alkalinity(TA),turbidity,total dissolved solids(TDS)concentration,total suspended solids(TSS)concentration,and total hardness(TH)using standard methods.The analytical results revealed that 40%of water quality indices were within the permissible limits suggested by different agencies,with the exception of EC,Cl^(-)concentration,TA,turbidity,DO concentration,BOD 5,and COD in all seasons.Statistical analyses indicated that 52%of the contrasts were significantly different at a 95%confidence interval.The factor analysis presented the best fit among the parameters,with four factors explaining 94.29%of the total variance.TDS,BOD 5,COD,EC,turbidity,DO,and Cl?were mainly responsible for pollution loading and were caused by the significant amount of industrial discharge and toxicological compounds.The cluster analysis showed the seasonal change in surface water quality,which is usually an indicator of pollution from rainfall or other sources.However,the values of different physico-chemical properties varied with seasons,and the highest values of pollutants were recorded in the winter.With the change in seasonal tem-perature and increase in rainfall,the seasonal Turag River water followed a self-refining trend as follows:rainy season>pre-winter>summer>winter.展开更多
Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of distance of sanitary pits on the physicochemical properties of hand-dug well water samples consumed by people living in Akwuke community, Enugu South Local Government...Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of distance of sanitary pits on the physicochemical properties of hand-dug well water samples consumed by people living in Akwuke community, Enugu South Local Government Area of Enugu State, using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mean range of pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, nitrate and sulphate in the well water samples at the determined sampling distances of 3, 6 and 10 m from the sanitary pits were 5.9 - 7.24, 1.92 - 6.63 NTU, 122.03 - 303.91 μs/cm, 100.00 - 261.90 mg/L, 1.21 - 4.68 mg/L and 28.89 - 49/61 mg/L respectively. The investigated mean physicochemical parameters of the well water samples were generally observed to increase with decrease in the distance of the well water samples from the sanitary pits. The levels of the determined physicochemical parameter of the well water samples at sampling distances of 3, 6, and 10 m respectively from the sanitary pits were statistically significant. The mean pH values of the well water samples at sampling distances of 3 and 6 m respectively from the sanitary pits were below the WHO recommended threshold limits for safe drinking water. Additionally, the mean values of turbidity and total dissolved solids of the well water samples at a sampling distance of 3 m from the sanitary pits were above the WHO permissible limits. The pH, turbidity and total dissolved solids are some of the most important parameters used in assessing the quality of any water source, therefore, the poor physicochemical properties of well water samples at a sampling distance of 3 m from the sanitary pits could put at severe health risk consumption of this water over a prolonged time. Siting well water at a reasonable far distance (above 10 m) for sanitary pits especially in communities with severe water scarcity would definitely help guarantee access to safe drinking water by rural as well as urban dwellers in Nigeria.展开更多
A study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of surface water was therefore carried out in a few watercourses in the municipality of Mbankomo, located in the Center Region (Cameroon). Th...A study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of surface water was therefore carried out in a few watercourses in the municipality of Mbankomo, located in the Center Region (Cameroon). The physico-chemical parameters were measured according to the standard method. The organic pollution index (OPI) was determined from the contents of nitrates, phosphates, and ammoniacal nitrogen to characterize the level of organic pollution of the water. The microorganisms sought were total flora, indicators of faecal contamination like total coliforms, faecal coliforms, feacal streptococci and Escherichia coli, as well as the species Clostridium perfringens. The organic pollution index indicates a high-level organic pollution level during the small rainy season and high to moderate during the small dry season. High concentrations of the total and fecal coliforms, streptococci fecal, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens respectively of 1712 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/100mL;82 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/100mL;10 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/100mL;27 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 40 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/100mL, all higher than WHO standards, indicate that the waterways of Mbankomo are subject to feacal pollution and harbor pathogenic microflora. The cell densities of main bacteria were significantly correlated with main abiotic parameters, such as Escherichia coli, which was significantly correlated with the pH of the water (r = 0.35;p < 0.05). The variation of organic pollution index category means correspond to a high level of organic pollution during the small rainy season and a high to moderate level during the small dry season. The deterioration of the quality of these waters is favored by their proximity to sources of pollution (toilets, plantation), the runoff of the waters contaminated, the use of detergents and wrong maintenance. These waters without any treatment are not recommendable for human consumption according to standards of the World Health Organization.展开更多
The exploitation of groundwater by drilling in the Mitendi South-East district constitutes a solution to the water shortage in this peripheral part of the Mont-Ngafula township in Kinshasa, the capital of the DR Congo...The exploitation of groundwater by drilling in the Mitendi South-East district constitutes a solution to the water shortage in this peripheral part of the Mont-Ngafula township in Kinshasa, the capital of the DR Congo. Individuals exploit groundwater in boreholes to serve the population without taking into account certain necessary aspects such as the origin of the groundwater table and the quality which constitute the major problems of this work such as: What is the quantity of water from the recharge of our aquifer? What is the state of the Mitendi South-East aquifer water in relation to some physico-chemical parameters? The cardinal objective of this work is to provide chemical data and trace elements in each analyzed borehole and determine the type of recharge of the underground aquifer. The specific objectives are as follows: analyze the potability of groundwater on a physico-chemical level and their chemical facies, take the geographical coordinates of water samples from the aquifer in each targeted borehole in order to develop the sampling map of the area under study;also check each parameter analyzed in relation to WHO standards. We carried out a general investigation of the study area by carrying out observations, sampling and in-situ measurements of each borehole, as well as the good conservation of the samples taken in a cooler. The various measurements that we took in-situ: pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, temperature, and TDS were carried out by using a multi-parameter probe in the laboratory of appropriate methods such as titled-sorting, spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, ArcGise and Excel software. With regard to the results from laboratory analysis (physical and chemical analysis), the parameters showed that the standards recommended by the WHO were not respected. We affirm that the water consumed in the Mitendi South-East district in Mont-Ngafula town ship is not drinkable. Since, it can cause several water-borne diseases. It would be better to treat that water before being drunk. .展开更多
Artificial fishponds play a pivotal role in global aquaculture, serving as a source of livelihood and nourishment for many communities. Ensuring the sustained health and productivity of Fishes in these environments re...Artificial fishponds play a pivotal role in global aquaculture, serving as a source of livelihood and nourishment for many communities. Ensuring the sustained health and productivity of Fishes in these environments relies heavily on water quality management. This assessment was done to determine the water quality of ten artificial fishponds in the south-eastern part of Sierra Leone using twelve physicochemical factors (pH, BOD, EC, TDS, turbidity, COD, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, NH<sub>3</sub>, , and alkalinity) to find out the Water Quality Index (WQI) and spatial distribution of respective parameters. The assessment of artificial fishponds using WQI and Inverse Distant Weighting (IDW) integration represents a relatively underexplored area within the domain of environmental water resources. The WQI was determined using the “Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index’’ method. The results of WQI in the study area range from 65.05 to 147.26. Several locations have water quality deemed unsuitable for consumption, while others range from good to very poor. It is essential to address and improve water quality in locations categorized as unsuitable for consumption and very poor to ensure safe and healthy water sources. It was also clear from the calculation that the smaller the mean concentration value of the pH as compared to the ideal value (7), the smaller the WQI value and the better the water quality. To keep the artificial fishpond water in good condition, mass domestic use should be controlled, and draining of surrounding organic matter should be stopped in ponds Bo_001, Kenema_001, and Kenema_002.展开更多
The mango varieties Eldon, Haden, Paheri, Tommy Atkins, Zill and the accession SBMA-1 are among the 45 varieties and 47 accessions of mango identified in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine the physic...The mango varieties Eldon, Haden, Paheri, Tommy Atkins, Zill and the accession SBMA-1 are among the 45 varieties and 47 accessions of mango identified in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine the physico-chemical and nutritional parameters of these mango varieties and accessions for better valorization. Physicochemical and nutritional parameters were determined using standard methods. Results showed that the SBMA-1 accession recorded the highest mass (638.10 ± 106.67 g), pulp content (85.06% ± 3.93%), pulp/core (10.54 ± 1.97) and pulp/peel (12.03 ± 2.15) ratios, pH (3.61 ± 0.61) and titratable acidity content (0.99% ± 0.04%). The Paheri variety had the lowest mass (120.43 ± 25.97 g), the lowest water content (74.31% ± 0.07%) and the highest pH (5.11 ± 0.03);on the other hand, it recorded the highest ESS content (26.47% ± 0.06%) and the highest ESS/AT ratio (133.10 ± 7.25). Haden had the highest values for L* (55.41 ± 0.06);a* (10.94 ± 0.35) and ΔΕ (69.00 ± 0.12). The Eldon variety recorded the highest levels of total sugars (28.08% ± 5.8%), total protein (2.69% ± 1.14%) and the highest energy value (126.88 ± 25.55 kcal/100 g). The highest total fat content (0.50% ± 0.03%) was found in the Tommy Atkins variety. The Zill variety recorded the highest total ash content (0.95% ± 0.25%). The results also showed that the peel and pulp of the Zill variety had the highest levels of total phenolic compounds, at 5798.99 ± 16.95 mg EAG/100 g and 30.41 ± 0.1 mg EAG/100 g respectively. The present study is a contribution to knowledge of the nutritional characteristics of mango varieties produced in Burkina Faso. This could help guide the choice of mango varieties for orchard renewal, processing and fresh consumption.展开更多
The Pearl River Delta （PRD） is one of the most developed and densely populated regions in China.Quantifying the amount of pathogens in the source of drinking water is important for improving water quality.We collect...The Pearl River Delta （PRD） is one of the most developed and densely populated regions in China.Quantifying the amount of pathogens in the source of drinking water is important for improving water quality.We collected water samples from six major water storage reservoirs in the PRD region in both wet and dry seasons in 2006.Results showed that external environmental factors,such as precipitation,location,as well as the internal environmental factors,i.e.,physicochemical properties of the water,were closely related with the distribution of coliforms.Seasonally,the coliform bacterial concentrations in wet season were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in dry season.Spatially,coliform bacterial levels in reservoirs near urban and industrial areas were significantly higher （p 〈 0.05） than those in remote areas.Correlation analyses showed that the levels of coliforms had close relationships with pH,temperature,suspended solid,organic and inorganic nutrients in water.Principal components analysis further demonstrated that total coliforms in the reservoirs were closely related with water physicochemical properties,while fecal coliforms were more associated with external input brought in by seasonal runoff.展开更多
文摘Pelargonium zonale is an important ornamental and medicinal plant.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of conventional and unconventional fertilization on variations in the physicochemical parameters of the culture substrate(temperature,pH,and electrical conductivity)in two cultivars of Pelargonium zonale(L.)L’Hér.,grown in pots.This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions,using Pindstrup peat as the culture substrate.The analysis focused on how these physicochemical indicators of peat influenced plant height and development under fertilization conditions.Results revealed that in the‘Tango Salmon’cultivar,both fertilization regimes significantly modified substrate temperature and electrical conductivity(conventional fertilization leading to the highest electric conductivity values of 0.77 mS/cm)while in control,was observed the highest substrate temperature(21.24℃).In contrast,pH remained relatively stable across treatments.In the‘Tango Dark Red’cultivar,no significant differences were observed between substrate physicochemical parameters regardless of treatment.The multiple correlations coefficients values showed that substrate parameters influenced plant height with varying degrees of intensity depending on cultivar and fertilization scheme,reaching up the highest predictability of 60.6%in the‘Tango Dark Red’control variant.The study highlighted that physicochemical properties of the substrate(particularly electric conductivity and temperature)are for were the main contributors to optimal plant development and should be carefully managed within fertilization strategies.
文摘Physicochemical parameters of surface water sources in the study of local government areas (LGAs) were assessed using standard procedures. The mean physicochemical parameters for pH (5.49), NO2 (0.23 mg/L), SO4 (0.77 mg/L), Na (28.72 mg/L), Ca (28.94 mg/L), Mg (17.50 mg/L), Cl (11.65 mg/L), TSS (6.27 mg/L), TDS (104.23 mg/L), BOD (2.83 mg/L) and F (0.87 mg/L) were below WHO standards irrespective of their defecation status. The values for electrical conductivity (EC) (2770.50 µs/cm, turbidity (481.24 NTU), dissolved oxygen (DO) (5.32 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (445.50 mg/L), K (125.06 mg/L), PO4 (0.78 mg/L) and Fe (0.57 mg/L) were above the WHO limits for safe water. Higher EC and COD values obtained in the study is evidence of pollution of the water sources by organic matter.
文摘This study compared the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in soil samples from selected anthropogenic sites within Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria using standard analytical methods. Soil samples at depths (0 - 20 cm) and (20 - 40 cm) were collected from waste dump sites, metal scrap dumps, fuel filling stations and auto-mechanic workshops and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal levels. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for heavy metal determination while conventional analytical methods were employed for physicochemical parameters evaluation of the soil samples. At soil depths 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm the respective mean range of pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter and organic carbon contents in the soil samples were, 6.33 - 6.74, 101.46 - 123.21 <em>μ</em>S/cm, 6.41% - 8.35% and 13.73% - 16.14% for auto-mechanic workshops;6.92 - 7.43, 56.46 - 60.02 <em>μ</em>S/cm, 1.53% - 2.20% and 11.93% - 12.60% for fuel filling stations;7.14 - 7.84, 70.81 - 77.71 <em>μ</em>S/cm, 3.81% - 4.12% and 8.57% - 9.24% for metal scrap dumps;6.54 - 6.81, 94.40 - 100.71 <em>μ</em>S/cm, 8.83% - 10.75% and 18.26% - 20.81% for waste dump sites. The pH of the top soil samples from auto-mechanical workshop was below the WHO recommended limits for agricultural purposes. The physic-chemical characteristics of the soil samples decreased with soil depths indicating therefore that anthropogenic activities greatly influence the soil characteristics at the top soils than the sub-soils. The electrical conductivity values of top and sub-soil samples from the studied auto-mechanical workshops were above the recommended limits. At soil depths 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm, the respective mean range of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil samples were 17.29 - 19.16 <em>μ</em>g/g, 0.704 - 0.96 <em>μ</em>g/g and 0.26 - 0.33 <em>μ</em>g/g for auto-mechanic workshops;4.13 - 4.88 <em>μ</em>g/g, 0.21 - 0.32 <em>μ</em>g/g and 0.03 - 0.11 <em>μ</em>g/g for fuel filling stations;30.02 - 36.11 <em>μ</em>g/g, 0.43 - 0.48 <em>μ</em>g/g and 0.15 - 0.19 <em>μ</em>g/g for metal scrap dumps;9.30 - 10.84 <em>μ</em>g/g, 0.53 - 0.60 <em>μ</em>g/g and 0.38 - 0.45 <em>μ</em>g/g for waste dump sites. The mean levels of Pb in soil samples from mechanic workshops and waste dump sites were above the recommended permissible limits for agricultural purposes. The study therefore indicated that these sites (auto-mechanic workshops and waste dump sites) could be major sources of Pb pollution to nearby farmlands, streams and the general environment. Plants grown on or around these sites may not produce high yields and could be severely contaminated with heavy metals which portend health danger to food consumers within the environment.
文摘The widespread use of disinfectants and various medications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about their potential impact on the characteristics of natural waters. To assess the effect of the COVID-19 response on surface waters in Yaoundé, various physicochemical parameters of three rivers (Mfoundi, Tongolo, and Mingoa) were examined over 8 months. The selection of these rivers was based on their proximity to hospitals involved in COVID-19 patient management. Physico-chemical parameters were measured following standard protocols, and their spatiotemporal variations and the influence of various factors, were examined. The results revealed that, during the study period, the values for temperature (23˚C to 30˚C), dissolved oxygen (14% to 90%), pH (6.2 to 9.5), electrical conductivity (100 to 662 µS/cm), oxidability (0.19 to 42.19 mg/l), and suspended solids (1 to 725 mg/l) exhibited variations, except for total dissolved solids (30 to 470 mg/l), whose levels remained within the recommended limit (s = 0.812, P = 0.014) with oxidability levels in the Tongolo river. The COVID-19 response measures had a limited negative effect on the surface waters of Yaoundé during the study period. This could be attributed to the disproportionate application of hygiene measures among the city’s populations. Additionally, the lack of flow observed in certain rivers requires particular attention from authorities and the populations to safeguard the city’s ecosystems.
文摘This work deals with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of a hospital wastewater that is directly discharged in water bodies without treatment. Our focus was paid on the teaching hospital of Treichville (Cote d’Ivoire). For the purpose, various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand for five days (BOD<sub>5</sub>), salinity, and total suspended solids have been assessed. For the microbiological investigations, the parameters consisting in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and total coliforms have been assessed. From the analysis, it has been found that the wastewaters of the teaching hospital of Treichville are highly loaded in organic pollutants and in pathogens bacteria. The values of nitrate, dissolved oxygen demand, COD, BOD<sub>5</sub> and biological parameters do not respect the international (WHO) values recommended for the water to be discharged in the environment. The ratio COD/BOD<sub>5</sub> has been determined to vary between 1.25 and 2.80. The results showed that the studied wastewater is a domestic type wastewater composed either by mostly biodegradable pollutants or a mixture of biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutants. These wastewaters constitute therefore a risk for the populations since they are discharged in water bodies without any treatment and used by communities.
基金Supported by University of Karachi for scientific research project.
文摘Objective:To determine common physico-chemical parameters of coastal water.Methods:Physicochemical properties of water were determined according to the standards of the American Public Health Association.Generally,all those parameters were recorded a small variation between stations.The variation in physico-chemical parameters like salinity,temperature,dissolved oxygen and pH at Gwadar(Coastal water of Balochistan)were recorded.Results:The range of air temperature of coastal water of Balochistan during 2004 and 2006 varies from 25℃to 37℃,water temperature ranged from 15.00℃to 33.00℃,pH ranged from 7.08 to 8.95,salinity ranged from 37.4‰to 41.3‰and dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.32 to 8.67 mg/L.Conclusions:Results showed that these parameters of Balochistan coast of Pakistan is not dangerous for marine habitat and the use of these parameters in monitoring programs to assess ecosystem health has the potential to inform the general public and decision-makers about the state of the coastal ecosystems.To save this vital important habitat,the government agencies and scientists should work with proper attention.
文摘The physicochemical characteristics of Khaya senegalensis seed oil were investigated. Iodine value, saponification value, percentage free fatty acid (FFA), acid value, and peroxide value were the chemical parameters examined in the oil analysis, while specific gravity and refractive index were examined as physical parameters. The results showed that the acid value was 1.18 ± 0.01, the saponification value was 191.76 ± 0.01 mgKOH/gm, and the iodine value was 102.79 ± 0.01. It contained 0.59 ± 0.01 percent free fatty acid. The value of peroxide was 6.83 ± 0.01 meq/kg. The results showed that the refractive index was 1.462 ± 0.02 and the specific gravity was 0.9194 ± 0.04. The established parameters fell within the worldwide and Nigerian vegetable oil industry standards.
文摘The study carried out on the waters of the Méné River led to an overall assessment of its water quality during the dry season and the rainy season. The analysis focused on eight (8) water samples taken from the river during a period of dry season (January-February) and a period of rainy season (June and September). The various physicochemical parameters were measured according to Afnor standardized methods. The readings of temperature, turbidity, pH and conductivity made it possible to account for the disturbances occurring in water quality. A temporal variation correlated with the seasons (dry or rainy) is noted. Turbidity depends on the concentration of suspended solids (SS) in the water and drained particles and therefore on the seasons. Just like the temperature, the conductivity changes with the season. The waters of the Méné River are generally acidic. The results obtained show that there is a low level of pollution by chlorides, phosphates, nitrites and nitrates. A slight pollution of the waters of Méné in organic matter (chemical oxygen demand values are less than 25 mg∙L−1 during dry season and 32.33 ± 4.73 mg∙L−1 during rainy season) was observed. The concentrations of metallic trace elements such as iron, manganese and aluminum indicate significant pollution of these waters by these elements. Overall, the waters of the Méné River are of satisfactory quality because all the physicochemical parameters analyzed have values below standards during the dry season as well as during the rainy season with the exception of COD and a few metallic trace elements.
文摘The availability of groundwater of acceptable quality has become a difficult challenge to meet in many countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. The State of Côte d’Ivoire and rural populations are building hydraulic infrastructure for this purpose. However, the quality of water coming from these infrastructures remains to be determined. This study therefore aims to analyze certain physicochemical parameters of the groundwater of Gloazra, Kouezra and Trahonfla. These are temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity level, hardness, alkalinity, chloride content and bicarbonate. To determine the pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, TDS, and salinity rate, an electrochemical analysis was carried out. The titrimetric analysis made it possible to determine the chloride and bicarbonate content, alkalinity, and hardness. The results indicate that the studied groundwater is soft and acidic with good mineralization. This water does not present a health hazard to consumers but can affect hydraulic equipment and household containers.
文摘This study was conducted to observe the abundance and distribution of phy-<span style="font-family:Verdana;">toplankton and temporal and spatial variation physico-chemical water parame</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ters in coastal water of Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Water samples and in-situ water quality parameters were taken from five selected locations from May 2019 to February 2020. The sampling location was selected based on human-induced activities such as Marina Resort’s Jetty (ST1), Sabah Ports’ Jetty </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ST2), aquaculture cage/pent (ST3), river’s mouth (ST4) and Landung</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Ayang’s water village (ST5). Water parameters: pH, salinity (ppt), dissolved </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">oxygen (mg/L) temperature (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and depth (m) were recorded once every</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> month from the selected station. Identification of phytoplanktonic species and cell density </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(cell/mL) were determined from collected water samples. S</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ignificant differ</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ences (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) between physicochemical parameters to months were observed during the study period. However, in spatial variations, significant differences (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) of pH, dissolved oxygen (mg/L) and temperature (<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C) observed. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 21 phytoplankton species were identified from the study area, where 4 species belonged to Dinophyceae (HABs blooming species) and 17 species belonged to Bacillariophyceae. The influences of physicochemical water parameters were not significant in phytoplankton diversity and abundance. In addition to these parameters, the nutrients in the water might have important roles in the blooming of phytoplankton, which are essential and vital to address in this type of research.</span></span></span></span>
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62171331)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2020CFB188)the Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology(No.2020KF0030)。
文摘This study systemmatically investigated the effects of solid content and dispersant content on the physicochemical properties of ZnO-SnO_(2) composite ink.The experimental results show that even with the use of low-molecular-weight PEG400 dispersant,gas-sensitive ink with high solid content and good suspension stability can be obtained,which is advantageous for low-temperature film formation and can effectively prevent property changes and film crack of high-temperature-sintering-induced material.Under this condition,the ink at a 15wt%solid content and 2wt%-10wt%PEG400 has good film-forming ability and high adhesion strength on the micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)micro-hotplates.Especially,the MEMS sensor printed using the ink of 6wt%PEG400 shows highest sensitivity,favorable impact resistance,thermal shock resistance,and up to 8 years of service life.
文摘The overall objective of this work is to evaluate the energy potential of biogas inputs(chicken manure and pig poop)with a view to their value.The research determined the physicochemical composition,the amount of biogas produced per day and the average.For hen dung,humidity(28.47%),DM(dry matter)(71.53%),OM(organic matter)(67%),density(270.77 kg/m^(3)),carbon content(39.7%),nitrogen content(2.55%)and C/N ratio(15.23)and pig pork,moisture(47.98%),DM(45.6%),OM(23.55%),mass volumic(693.12 kg/m^(3)),carbon(38.88%),nitrogen(1.82%)and C/N(11.26).These results compared to those of the literature revealed a very good coincidence.Two experiments on the methanation of these inputs were carried out,the anaerobic digestion lasted 24 days,in a temperature range of 24 to 30℃(mesophilic range).It was obtained for:hen dung 0.02526 m^(3) and pig poach 0.00841 m^(3) and on average the daily specific production of biogas of different substrates is:pork dung(0.00407 m^(3)/day)and the hen dung(0.00108 m^(3)/d)at an average temperature of 24℃.
基金The Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract No.201205008
文摘There are many different and even controversial results concerning the effects of Tamarisk on the physicochemical properties of soil. A year-round monitoring of soil salinity, p H and moisture is conducted beneath the Tamarisk shrub in a coastal wetland in the Bohai Sea in China, to ascertain the effects of Tamarisk on the physicochemical properties of soil in coastal wetland. Compared with the control area, the soil moisture content is lower around the area of the taproot when there is less precipitation in the growing season because of water consumption by Tamarisk shrub. However, the soil moisture content is higher around the taproot when there is more precipitation in the growing season or in the non-growing period because of water conservation by the rhizosphere. The absorption of salt by the Tamarisk shrub reduces the soil salinity temporarily, but eventually salt returns to the soil by the leaching of salt on leaves by rainfall or by fallen leaves. The annual average soil moisture content beneath the Tamarisk shrub is lower than the control area by only 6.4%, indicating that the Tamarisk shrub has little effect on drought or water conservation in soils in the temperate coastal wetland with moderate annual precipitation. The annual average salinity beneath the Tamarisk shrub is 18% greater than that of the control area, indicating that Tamarisk does have an effect of rising soil salinity around Tamarisk shrubs. The soil p H value is as low as 7.3 in summer and as high as 10.2 in winter. The p H of soil near the taproot of the Tamarisk shrubs is one p H unit lower than that in the control area during the growing season. The difference in p H is less different from the control area in the non-growing season, indicating that the Tamarisk shrub does have the effect of reducing the alkalinity of soil in coastal wetland.
文摘To assess the magnitude of water quality decline in the Turag River of Bangladesh,this study examined the seasonal variation of physi-cochemical parameters of water,identified potential pollution sources,and clustered the monitoring months with similar characteristics.Water samples were collected in four distinct seasons to evaluate temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration,five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5),chemical oxygen demand(COD),electrical conductivity(EC),chloride ion(Cl^(-))concentration,total alkalinity(TA),turbidity,total dissolved solids(TDS)concentration,total suspended solids(TSS)concentration,and total hardness(TH)using standard methods.The analytical results revealed that 40%of water quality indices were within the permissible limits suggested by different agencies,with the exception of EC,Cl^(-)concentration,TA,turbidity,DO concentration,BOD 5,and COD in all seasons.Statistical analyses indicated that 52%of the contrasts were significantly different at a 95%confidence interval.The factor analysis presented the best fit among the parameters,with four factors explaining 94.29%of the total variance.TDS,BOD 5,COD,EC,turbidity,DO,and Cl?were mainly responsible for pollution loading and were caused by the significant amount of industrial discharge and toxicological compounds.The cluster analysis showed the seasonal change in surface water quality,which is usually an indicator of pollution from rainfall or other sources.However,the values of different physico-chemical properties varied with seasons,and the highest values of pollutants were recorded in the winter.With the change in seasonal tem-perature and increase in rainfall,the seasonal Turag River water followed a self-refining trend as follows:rainy season>pre-winter>summer>winter.
文摘Studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of distance of sanitary pits on the physicochemical properties of hand-dug well water samples consumed by people living in Akwuke community, Enugu South Local Government Area of Enugu State, using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mean range of pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, nitrate and sulphate in the well water samples at the determined sampling distances of 3, 6 and 10 m from the sanitary pits were 5.9 - 7.24, 1.92 - 6.63 NTU, 122.03 - 303.91 μs/cm, 100.00 - 261.90 mg/L, 1.21 - 4.68 mg/L and 28.89 - 49/61 mg/L respectively. The investigated mean physicochemical parameters of the well water samples were generally observed to increase with decrease in the distance of the well water samples from the sanitary pits. The levels of the determined physicochemical parameter of the well water samples at sampling distances of 3, 6, and 10 m respectively from the sanitary pits were statistically significant. The mean pH values of the well water samples at sampling distances of 3 and 6 m respectively from the sanitary pits were below the WHO recommended threshold limits for safe drinking water. Additionally, the mean values of turbidity and total dissolved solids of the well water samples at a sampling distance of 3 m from the sanitary pits were above the WHO permissible limits. The pH, turbidity and total dissolved solids are some of the most important parameters used in assessing the quality of any water source, therefore, the poor physicochemical properties of well water samples at a sampling distance of 3 m from the sanitary pits could put at severe health risk consumption of this water over a prolonged time. Siting well water at a reasonable far distance (above 10 m) for sanitary pits especially in communities with severe water scarcity would definitely help guarantee access to safe drinking water by rural as well as urban dwellers in Nigeria.
文摘A study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of surface water was therefore carried out in a few watercourses in the municipality of Mbankomo, located in the Center Region (Cameroon). The physico-chemical parameters were measured according to the standard method. The organic pollution index (OPI) was determined from the contents of nitrates, phosphates, and ammoniacal nitrogen to characterize the level of organic pollution of the water. The microorganisms sought were total flora, indicators of faecal contamination like total coliforms, faecal coliforms, feacal streptococci and Escherichia coli, as well as the species Clostridium perfringens. The organic pollution index indicates a high-level organic pollution level during the small rainy season and high to moderate during the small dry season. High concentrations of the total and fecal coliforms, streptococci fecal, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens respectively of 1712 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/100mL;82 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/100mL;10 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/100mL;27 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 40 × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/100mL, all higher than WHO standards, indicate that the waterways of Mbankomo are subject to feacal pollution and harbor pathogenic microflora. The cell densities of main bacteria were significantly correlated with main abiotic parameters, such as Escherichia coli, which was significantly correlated with the pH of the water (r = 0.35;p < 0.05). The variation of organic pollution index category means correspond to a high level of organic pollution during the small rainy season and a high to moderate level during the small dry season. The deterioration of the quality of these waters is favored by their proximity to sources of pollution (toilets, plantation), the runoff of the waters contaminated, the use of detergents and wrong maintenance. These waters without any treatment are not recommendable for human consumption according to standards of the World Health Organization.
文摘The exploitation of groundwater by drilling in the Mitendi South-East district constitutes a solution to the water shortage in this peripheral part of the Mont-Ngafula township in Kinshasa, the capital of the DR Congo. Individuals exploit groundwater in boreholes to serve the population without taking into account certain necessary aspects such as the origin of the groundwater table and the quality which constitute the major problems of this work such as: What is the quantity of water from the recharge of our aquifer? What is the state of the Mitendi South-East aquifer water in relation to some physico-chemical parameters? The cardinal objective of this work is to provide chemical data and trace elements in each analyzed borehole and determine the type of recharge of the underground aquifer. The specific objectives are as follows: analyze the potability of groundwater on a physico-chemical level and their chemical facies, take the geographical coordinates of water samples from the aquifer in each targeted borehole in order to develop the sampling map of the area under study;also check each parameter analyzed in relation to WHO standards. We carried out a general investigation of the study area by carrying out observations, sampling and in-situ measurements of each borehole, as well as the good conservation of the samples taken in a cooler. The various measurements that we took in-situ: pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, temperature, and TDS were carried out by using a multi-parameter probe in the laboratory of appropriate methods such as titled-sorting, spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, ArcGise and Excel software. With regard to the results from laboratory analysis (physical and chemical analysis), the parameters showed that the standards recommended by the WHO were not respected. We affirm that the water consumed in the Mitendi South-East district in Mont-Ngafula town ship is not drinkable. Since, it can cause several water-borne diseases. It would be better to treat that water before being drunk. .
文摘Artificial fishponds play a pivotal role in global aquaculture, serving as a source of livelihood and nourishment for many communities. Ensuring the sustained health and productivity of Fishes in these environments relies heavily on water quality management. This assessment was done to determine the water quality of ten artificial fishponds in the south-eastern part of Sierra Leone using twelve physicochemical factors (pH, BOD, EC, TDS, turbidity, COD, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, NH<sub>3</sub>, , and alkalinity) to find out the Water Quality Index (WQI) and spatial distribution of respective parameters. The assessment of artificial fishponds using WQI and Inverse Distant Weighting (IDW) integration represents a relatively underexplored area within the domain of environmental water resources. The WQI was determined using the “Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index’’ method. The results of WQI in the study area range from 65.05 to 147.26. Several locations have water quality deemed unsuitable for consumption, while others range from good to very poor. It is essential to address and improve water quality in locations categorized as unsuitable for consumption and very poor to ensure safe and healthy water sources. It was also clear from the calculation that the smaller the mean concentration value of the pH as compared to the ideal value (7), the smaller the WQI value and the better the water quality. To keep the artificial fishpond water in good condition, mass domestic use should be controlled, and draining of surrounding organic matter should be stopped in ponds Bo_001, Kenema_001, and Kenema_002.
文摘The mango varieties Eldon, Haden, Paheri, Tommy Atkins, Zill and the accession SBMA-1 are among the 45 varieties and 47 accessions of mango identified in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to determine the physico-chemical and nutritional parameters of these mango varieties and accessions for better valorization. Physicochemical and nutritional parameters were determined using standard methods. Results showed that the SBMA-1 accession recorded the highest mass (638.10 ± 106.67 g), pulp content (85.06% ± 3.93%), pulp/core (10.54 ± 1.97) and pulp/peel (12.03 ± 2.15) ratios, pH (3.61 ± 0.61) and titratable acidity content (0.99% ± 0.04%). The Paheri variety had the lowest mass (120.43 ± 25.97 g), the lowest water content (74.31% ± 0.07%) and the highest pH (5.11 ± 0.03);on the other hand, it recorded the highest ESS content (26.47% ± 0.06%) and the highest ESS/AT ratio (133.10 ± 7.25). Haden had the highest values for L* (55.41 ± 0.06);a* (10.94 ± 0.35) and ΔΕ (69.00 ± 0.12). The Eldon variety recorded the highest levels of total sugars (28.08% ± 5.8%), total protein (2.69% ± 1.14%) and the highest energy value (126.88 ± 25.55 kcal/100 g). The highest total fat content (0.50% ± 0.03%) was found in the Tommy Atkins variety. The Zill variety recorded the highest total ash content (0.95% ± 0.25%). The results also showed that the peel and pulp of the Zill variety had the highest levels of total phenolic compounds, at 5798.99 ± 16.95 mg EAG/100 g and 30.41 ± 0.1 mg EAG/100 g respectively. The present study is a contribution to knowledge of the nutritional characteristics of mango varieties produced in Burkina Faso. This could help guide the choice of mango varieties for orchard renewal, processing and fresh consumption.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Doctor of Zhejiang Normal University (No. ZC304009166)
文摘The Pearl River Delta （PRD） is one of the most developed and densely populated regions in China.Quantifying the amount of pathogens in the source of drinking water is important for improving water quality.We collected water samples from six major water storage reservoirs in the PRD region in both wet and dry seasons in 2006.Results showed that external environmental factors,such as precipitation,location,as well as the internal environmental factors,i.e.,physicochemical properties of the water,were closely related with the distribution of coliforms.Seasonally,the coliform bacterial concentrations in wet season were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in dry season.Spatially,coliform bacterial levels in reservoirs near urban and industrial areas were significantly higher （p 〈 0.05） than those in remote areas.Correlation analyses showed that the levels of coliforms had close relationships with pH,temperature,suspended solid,organic and inorganic nutrients in water.Principal components analysis further demonstrated that total coliforms in the reservoirs were closely related with water physicochemical properties,while fecal coliforms were more associated with external input brought in by seasonal runoff.
