In order to discern dental morphometric variations among the Asian colobines, residuals of the colobines, derived from allometric baselines formed by the Asian macaques （Macaca）, were analyzed with Principal Compone...In order to discern dental morphometric variations among the Asian colobines, residuals of the colobines, derived from allometric baselines formed by the Asian macaques （Macaca）, were analyzed with Principal Components Analysis and Euclidean Distances. Results indicated that the widely accepted view that the colobines possess relatively smaller front teeth than the macaques is only the case for the first incisors. The colobines show relatively smaller molars than the macaques. Such profiles may be related to the differences in dietary preferences between the two major groups of the Asian Old World monkeys. The magnitude of such differences is not as great as usullay assumed for the two groups that contain both African and Asian taxa. In other words, the two Asian cercopithecoid groups may have homogenously been shaped by the tectonic modifications and climate alterations in the past five million years. There exist marked differences among the Asian colobines when each of the genera is compared with macaques; the dental profile reflects not only the variation in geographic distribution but also in phylogenetic divergence. Thus, the snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus） and the gray langurs （Semnopithecus） are characterized by relatively larger molars than the other colobines - larger even than those of the macaques. The differences among Asian colobines, depicted by Euclidean Distances, seems to reflect the relationship of the phylogeny and evolution between colobines and cercopithecines.展开更多
Ciliated protists(ciliates)represent a morphologically and genetically diverse group of single-celled eukaryotes,the phylogeny of which is critical for understanding eukaryotic evolution.Through international collabor...Ciliated protists(ciliates)represent a morphologically and genetically diverse group of single-celled eukaryotes,the phylogeny of which is critical for understanding eukaryotic evolution.Through international collaborations,the Laboratory of Protozoology at Ocean University of China(OUC-group)has conducted detailed research on ciliate phylogeny based on expanded taxonomic sampling,employing single gene as well as multi-gene markers,and phylogenomic datasets.We have systematically investigated>1000 ciliate species spanning~40 orders,sampled from diverse biotopes including marine environments in China seas and freshwater wetlands.This comprehensive sampling has generated three key datasets:(1)genomic DNA extracts from~2600 strains,(2)~2300 sequences of marker genes,and(3)single-cell genomic and/or transcriptomic datasets from~120 species.Based on these datasets,the phylogenetic relationships covering all classes and most orders have been thoroughly reconstructed and investigated,resulting in the establishment of 93 new supraspecies taxa comprising two classes(Mesodiniea and Protocruziea),two subclasses(Protohypotrichia and Synhymenia),two orders(Wilbertomorphida and Lynnellida),11 families,and 76 genera.Moreover,we have reconstructed a genome-scale tree of life for ciliates and provided an updated classification of the phylum Ciliophora.Furthermore,based on the robust phylogenetic tree of ciliates,we provide more reliable estimates for the origins and divergence times of the main ciliate groups.Future studies integrating advanced genomics,innovations in culturing and interdisciplinary applications will refine the ciliate tree of life,with broader impacts for our understanding of eukaryotic evolution and biodiversity.展开更多
文摘In order to discern dental morphometric variations among the Asian colobines, residuals of the colobines, derived from allometric baselines formed by the Asian macaques （Macaca）, were analyzed with Principal Components Analysis and Euclidean Distances. Results indicated that the widely accepted view that the colobines possess relatively smaller front teeth than the macaques is only the case for the first incisors. The colobines show relatively smaller molars than the macaques. Such profiles may be related to the differences in dietary preferences between the two major groups of the Asian Old World monkeys. The magnitude of such differences is not as great as usullay assumed for the two groups that contain both African and Asian taxa. In other words, the two Asian cercopithecoid groups may have homogenously been shaped by the tectonic modifications and climate alterations in the past five million years. There exist marked differences among the Asian colobines when each of the genera is compared with macaques; the dental profile reflects not only the variation in geographic distribution but also in phylogenetic divergence. Thus, the snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus） and the gray langurs （Semnopithecus） are characterized by relatively larger molars than the other colobines - larger even than those of the macaques. The differences among Asian colobines, depicted by Euclidean Distances, seems to reflect the relationship of the phylogeny and evolution between colobines and cercopithecines.
基金supported by the Science&Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203201)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32030015,32270539,32470512,32300368,32370475,32300345)+3 种基金the Young Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202408084)Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2023QN03016)Special Research Project for First-class Disciplines of the Department of Education of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(YLXKZX-ND-039)the Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-7),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Ciliated protists(ciliates)represent a morphologically and genetically diverse group of single-celled eukaryotes,the phylogeny of which is critical for understanding eukaryotic evolution.Through international collaborations,the Laboratory of Protozoology at Ocean University of China(OUC-group)has conducted detailed research on ciliate phylogeny based on expanded taxonomic sampling,employing single gene as well as multi-gene markers,and phylogenomic datasets.We have systematically investigated>1000 ciliate species spanning~40 orders,sampled from diverse biotopes including marine environments in China seas and freshwater wetlands.This comprehensive sampling has generated three key datasets:(1)genomic DNA extracts from~2600 strains,(2)~2300 sequences of marker genes,and(3)single-cell genomic and/or transcriptomic datasets from~120 species.Based on these datasets,the phylogenetic relationships covering all classes and most orders have been thoroughly reconstructed and investigated,resulting in the establishment of 93 new supraspecies taxa comprising two classes(Mesodiniea and Protocruziea),two subclasses(Protohypotrichia and Synhymenia),two orders(Wilbertomorphida and Lynnellida),11 families,and 76 genera.Moreover,we have reconstructed a genome-scale tree of life for ciliates and provided an updated classification of the phylum Ciliophora.Furthermore,based on the robust phylogenetic tree of ciliates,we provide more reliable estimates for the origins and divergence times of the main ciliate groups.Future studies integrating advanced genomics,innovations in culturing and interdisciplinary applications will refine the ciliate tree of life,with broader impacts for our understanding of eukaryotic evolution and biodiversity.
