A novel and long-lasting N_(3)BD/TiO_(2) composite photoanode with stable and superior photoelectrochemical and photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)performances was achieved by synthesizing and depositing c...A novel and long-lasting N_(3)BD/TiO_(2) composite photoanode with stable and superior photoelectrochemical and photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)performances was achieved by synthesizing and depositing covalent organic framework(N_(3)BD)on titanium oxide(TiO_(2))nanotube arrays.The composite's increased visible light absorption capability enhanced the galvanic corrosion protection of nickel-phosphorus alloy-coated magnesium alloy(Mg/Ni)through PECCP technology.The open circuit potential(OCP)drops of the Mg/Ni electrode coupling with the N_(3)BD/TiO_(2) composite were 310 and 630 mV at dark state and under illumination,respectively.They remained relatively stable under intermittent visible light irradiation within 72 h,demonstrating excellent long-term stability.The superior photoelectrochemical and PECCP properties of the N_(3)BD/TiO_(2) are attributed to forming S-scheme heterojunctions,which effectively promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and retain a strong redox capacity.This finding provides new insight into the design and synthesis of COF-modified photoanode with highly efficient and stable photoelectrochemical and PECCP performances.展开更多
Constructing a photoanode with both high dark-state protection performance and high stability remains a top priority for photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology,especially in a marine environment(dark-stat...Constructing a photoanode with both high dark-state protection performance and high stability remains a top priority for photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology,especially in a marine environment(dark-state or rainy conditions)without hole scavenging agents.In this work,we developed a class of energy-storage quasi-planar heterojunctions(WO_(3)-Nb_(2)O_(5)-ZnIn_(2)S_(4))with directional paths(low onset potential and well-matched energy band)and embedded morphology.The co-design of embedded and directional paths reduces the carrier transport energy barrier at the composite interface,and increases the interface contact area,thereby achieving highly stable and sensitive dark-state energy storage and photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution without hole scavenging agent(Dark-state energy storage efficiency increased by 43%.For carbon steel,the performance retention rate is 99.6%after 500 cycles,the performance retention rate is 89%after 5000 s).展开更多
Photogenerated electrons generated by photoexcitation of semiconductor materials can be transferred to metal materials to provide corrosion protection.Conversely,the accumulation of photogenerated holes accelerates th...Photogenerated electrons generated by photoexcitation of semiconductor materials can be transferred to metal materials to provide corrosion protection.Conversely,the accumulation of photogenerated holes accelerates the recombination of photogenerated carriers.Consequently,the development of efficient strategies for the consumption of photogenerated holes has emerged as a critical challenge in the field of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology.In this paper,TiO_(2)/TiOBr heterojunction photoelectrode was firstly prepared by simple hydrothermal method,and NiCo-LDH(layered double hydroxide)was further deposited on TiO_(2)/TiOBr to obtain TiO_(2)/TiOBr/NiCo-LDH photoelectrode.The construction of a heterojunction between TiO_(2)and TiOBr promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers,while the deposition of NiCo-LDH reduces the overpotential for hole oxidation.Hence,the photoinduced potential drop and photoinduced current density of TiO_(2)/TiOBr/NiCo-LDH photoelectrode coupled with 316 L stainless steel in 3.5 wt%NaCl under simulated sunlight irradiation can be up to 303 mV and 25.87μA/cm^(2),respectively.This study provides a new idea for the design and preparation of TiO_(2)-based photoelectrodes with excellent photocathodic protection under visible light.展开更多
Person recognition in photo collections is a critical yet challenging task in computer vision.Previous studies have used social relationships within photo collections to address this issue.However,these methods often ...Person recognition in photo collections is a critical yet challenging task in computer vision.Previous studies have used social relationships within photo collections to address this issue.However,these methods often fail when performing single-person-in-photos recognition in photo collections,as they cannot rely on social connections for recognition.In this work,we discard social relationships and instead measure the relationships between photos to solve this problem.We designed a new model that includes a multi-parameter attention network for adaptively fusing visual features and a unified formula for measuring photo intimacy.This model effectively recognizes individuals in single photo within the collection.Due to outdated annotations and missing photos in the existing PIPA(Person in Photo Album)dataset,wemanually re-annotated it and added approximately ten thousand photos of Asian individuals to address the underrepresentation issue.Our results on the re-annotated PIPA dataset are superior to previous studies in most cases,and experiments on the supplemented dataset further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.We have made the PIPA dataset publicly available on Zenodo,with the DOI:10.5281/zenodo.12508096(accessed on 15 October 2025).展开更多
Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a prom...Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.展开更多
Protective hardware is essential for mitigating damage caused by unavoidable falls in humanoid robots.Despite notable progress in fall protection hardware,the theoretical foundation for modeling and the feasibility of...Protective hardware is essential for mitigating damage caused by unavoidable falls in humanoid robots.Despite notable progress in fall protection hardware,the theoretical foundation for modeling and the feasibility of conducting full-scale fall experiments on robots or their surrogates remain somewhat limited.This paper proposes a method for optimizing the thickness of Expandable Polyethylene(EPE),which is used as back protection for the Chubao humanoid robot,based on small-scale impact test data to predict full-scale behavior.The optimal thickness is defined as a balance between compact design and protective effectiveness.An equivalent impact model characterized by four parameters:contact area S,mass m,fall height h,and cushioning material thickness d is introduced to describe impact conditions.The relationship between the peak impact acceleration ap and material thickness d,which forms the core of the method and gives rise to the name AP-D,is analyzed through their plotted curves.After introducing three characteristic parameters and two correction fac-tors,the relationship among the aforementioned variables is derived.Subsequently,both the optimal thickness do and its corresponding peak impact acceleration aop are predicted via nonlinear and linear regression models.Finally,the accuracy and effectiveness of the theoretically derived optimal thickness are validated on both a dummy and the actual robot.With the cushioning material applied,the peak chest acceleration is reduced to 41.57g for the dummy and 32.08g for the robot.展开更多
There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology conti...There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology continues to scale down,the bit-flip errors in the memory of edge devices become more frequent,thereby leading to substantial DNN inference accuracy loss.Though several techniques have been proposed to alleviate the accuracy loss in edge environments,they require complex computations and additional parity bits for error correction,thus resulting in significant performance and storage overheads.In this paper,we propose FeatherGuard,a data-driven lightweight error protection scheme for DNN inference on edge devices.FeatherGuard selectively protects critical bit positions(that have a significant impact on DNN inference accuracy)against bit-flip errors,by considering various DNN characteristics(e.g.,data format,layer-wise weight distribution,actually stored logical values).Thus,it achieves high error tolerability during DNN inference.Since FeatherGuard reduces the bit-flip errors based on only a few simple arithmetic operations(e.g.,NOT operations)without parity bits,it causes negligible performance overhead and no storage overhead.Our experimental results show that FeatherGuard improves the error tolerability by up to 6667×and 4000×,compared to the conventional systems and the state-of-the-art error protection technique for edge environments,respectively.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking rec...BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.展开更多
In recent years bird hunting has become a topical issue in public debate in Poland.Some organizations and communities actively engaged in nature conservation efforts propose a complete ban on hunting,arguing it needs ...In recent years bird hunting has become a topical issue in public debate in Poland.Some organizations and communities actively engaged in nature conservation efforts propose a complete ban on hunting,arguing it needs to be introduced for ethical reasons and to ensure a more effective species protection.This discussion frequently involves cases when hunters break the law,illustrated by photographs published on social media,documenting culling of legally protected species.In response hunters mention the need to verify the sources and the context for published materials.展开更多
Hypervelocity rocket sled systems are critical for testing advanced military technologies,yet track damage at speeds exceeding Mach 5 remains a significant challenge for system reliability and performance.In this stud...Hypervelocity rocket sled systems are critical for testing advanced military technologies,yet track damage at speeds exceeding Mach 5 remains a significant challenge for system reliability and performance.In this study,we investigated the hypervelocity impact response and protection for highstrength U71 Mn or bainitic steel used in rocket sled tracks.Flyer plate impact experiments using a two-stage light-gas gun were conducted to study the hypervelocity collision response,followed by the microstructural characterization via optical microscope,scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction to reveal underlying damage mechanisms.Then,the calibrated thermalmechanical coupled finite element simulations using the Johnson-Cook constitutive model and MieGrüneisen equation of state were carried out.Results indicated that bainitic steel exhibits superior impact resistance with predominantly smooth scratch-dominated damage due to its higher ductility.In contrast,U71 Mn suffered significant material spallation and crack propagation arising from brittle fracture mechanisms.Zinc-rich epoxy primer coatings effectively mitigated stress concentration and temperature rise in the substrate at impacting velocities below 2.4 km/s,so as to suppress the microstructural damage such as adiabatic shear bands and dynamic recrystallization.However,coating protection diminished at ultra-high-speed impacts due to the coating failure.Dimensional analysis established quantitative relationships of the gouge damage size to projectile mass,impact velocity,and material yield strength.This study provides in-depth insights into damage mechanisms in hypervelocity rail systems,demonstrating that bainitic steel combined with protective coatings can significantly enhance impact resistance and system reliability,offering valuable guidance for the design and optimization of hypervelocity testing platforms.展开更多
Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrate...Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrates.In these coatings,a reactive emulsifier containing phosphate groups can be integrated into the molecular chain during polymerization,which enhances the coating's compactness and corrosion resistance.This work focuses on the synthesis of styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BA)latex and methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate(MMA-BA)latex using the reactive phosphate emulsifier ANPEO_(10)-P_(1) through seed emulsion polymerization,achieving a conversion rate of approximately 99%and a solid content close to 50%.The resulting coatings from St-BA and MMA-BA latexes demonstrated long-term corrosion protection for carbon steel and aluminum alloy due to in-situ phosphatization,effectively preventing flash rust.Notably,the MMA-BA coating exhibited remarkable durability,enduring immersion for up to 1224 h(51 d)on Q 235 carbon steel before reaching the failure threshold(|Z|0.01 Hz£106Ω·cm^(2))on Q 235 carbon steel.On 5052 aluminum alloy,the St-BA coating maintained|Z|0.01 Hz>10^(8)Ω·cm^(2) for 480 h(20 d).Furthermore,the corrosion resistance of St-BA and MMA BA coatings on Q 235 steel sheet and 5052 aluminum alloy surpassed that of commercially available MMA-BA and St BA coatings after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl aqueous solution.This work also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of MMA-BA and St-BA coatings.展开更多
In this study,artificial neural networks(ANNs)were implemented to determine design parameters for an impressed current cathodic protection(ICCP)prototype.An ASTM A36 steel plate was tested in 3.5%NaCl solution,seawate...In this study,artificial neural networks(ANNs)were implemented to determine design parameters for an impressed current cathodic protection(ICCP)prototype.An ASTM A36 steel plate was tested in 3.5%NaCl solution,seawater,and NS4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to monitor the evolution of the substrate surface,which affects the current required to reach the protection potential(Eprot).Experimental data were collected as training datasets and analyzed using statistical methods,including box plots and correlation matrices.Subsequently,ANNs were applied to predict the current demand at different exposure times,enabling the estimation of electrochemical parameters(limiting voltage values)that can be used to optimize a self-regulating ICCP system.The obtained electrochemical parameters were then used,through Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),to fine-tune an ANN-based proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller for the ICCP system.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC) cathodic protection is considered as an environment friendly method for metals anticorrosion. In this technology, a n-type semiconductor photoanode provides the photogenerated electrons for m...Photoelectrochemical(PEC) cathodic protection is considered as an environment friendly method for metals anticorrosion. In this technology, a n-type semiconductor photoanode provides the photogenerated electrons for metal to achieve cathodic protection. Comparing with traditional PEC photoanode for water splitting, it requires the photoanode providing a suitable cathodic potential for the metal, instead of pursuit ultimate photon to electric conversion efficiency, thus it is a more possible PEC technology for engineering application. To date, great efforts have been devoted to developing novel n-type semiconductors and advanced modification method to improve the performance on PEC cathodic protection metals. Herein, recent progresses in this field are summarized. We highlight the fabrication process of PEC cathodic protection thin film, various nanostructure controlling, doping, compositing methods and their operation mechanism. Finally, the current challenges and future potential works on improving the PEC cathodic protection performance are discussed.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the protective roles of photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidative systems in the desiccation tolerance of Sophora moorcroftiana and Caragana maximovicziana as they adapt to arid e...This study aims to investigate the protective roles of photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidative systems in the desiccation tolerance of Sophora moorcroftiana and Caragana maximovicziana as they adapt to arid environments. A variety of physiological and biochemical parameters in the leaves of two Leguminosae species were monitored for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d of drought stress. Soil water content decreased from 38.58% to 7.33% after exposure to 28 d of water stress. The photosynthetic carbon-assimilation rates of the two Leguminosae plants decreased for non-stomatal limitation with processing water stress. The malondialdehyde content and cell membrane relative conductivity of the two species increased significantly from 1 to 21 d and then decreased. S. moorcroftiana showed higher superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities than C. maximovicziana during the 28 d treatment period. However, the catalase activities and proline content of C. maximovicziana were higher than those of S. moorcroftiana before the water stress treatment reached 21 d. Nine physiological and biochemical parameters were selected to comprehensively evaluate the two species＇ drought-resistance by the membership function values（MFV）. The mean MFV indicated that S. moorcroftiana has a relatively stronger drought defense capability than C. maximovicziana. S. moorcroftiana mainly uses carbon-assimilation rate and osmotic adjustment to combat water deficiency.展开更多
A layer of graphene(GR)particles was successfully deposited at the interface between Co(OH)2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes,aiming to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of the large-bandgap semiconductor T...A layer of graphene(GR)particles was successfully deposited at the interface between Co(OH)2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes,aiming to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of the large-bandgap semiconductor TiO2.The obtained Co(OH)2/GR/TiO2 was extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV–vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra.Electrochemical impedance spectra,photogenerated potential-time(E-t),photocurrent density-time(i-t)and i-E curves and open circuit potential(OCP)curves were measured to investigate the photoelectrochemical activities and photogenerated cathodic protection properties.The results revealed that Co(OH)2/GR/TiO2 exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical and photogenerated cathodic performance due to synergistic effect between Co(OH)2 and graphene.Co(OH)2 and graphene co-modified TiO2 photoanode could provide an effective protection for 304 stainless steel(304 SS)in 3.5 wt%Na Cl solution for 12 h,which would be promising for future practical applications in the field of marine corrosion protection.展开更多
Corrosion protection has become an important issue as the amount of infrastructure construction in marine environment increased.Photocathodic protection is a promising method to reduce the corrosion of metals,and tita...Corrosion protection has become an important issue as the amount of infrastructure construction in marine environment increased.Photocathodic protection is a promising method to reduce the corrosion of metals,and titanium dioxide(TiO2) is the most widely used photoanode.This review summarizes the progress in TiO2 photo gene rated protection in recent years.Different types of semiconductors,including sulfides,metals,metal oxide s,polymers,and other materials,are used to design and modify TiO2.The strategy to dramatically improve the efficiency of photoactivity is proposed,and the mechanism is investigated in detail.Characterization methods are also introduced,including morphology testing,light absorption,photoelectrochemistry,and protected metal observation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Ti02 development and guide photocathodic protection.展开更多
The utilization of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)enables an indirect corrosion pro-tection of metals with low self-corrosion potential by introducing a metallic nickel interlayer.However,the ability t...The utilization of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)enables an indirect corrosion pro-tection of metals with low self-corrosion potential by introducing a metallic nickel interlayer.However,the ability to enhance the PECCP efficiency remains challenging because of the inherent property of the semiconductor.Herein,this ability is demonstrated by coupling a covalent organic framework(TpBD)dec-orated TiO 2 photoanode(TiO 2/TpBD)with nickel coating on magnesium alloy for an effective corrosion protection.The composite photoanode showed direct PECCP for the nickel interlayer and indirect corro-sion protection of the magnesium alloy.The composite structure of the nanotube array and the covalent organic framework for the photoanode were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The en-hanced photoelectrochemical conversion capability and PECCP performance of the nickel-coated Mg alloy were evidenced by the results from electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurements including Mott-Schottky curves,photoinduced potential variations,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Lastly,a corrosion protection mechanism is proposed,where the enhanced PECCP efficiency is at-tributed to the formation of a direct Z-scheme heterojunction,which is substantiated by the results from valence band(VB)XPS and electron spin resonance characterizations.展开更多
In this work,TiO_(2)nanotube arrays(NTAs)sensitized with MoS_(2)microspheres(MoS_(2)/TiO_(2)nanocomposites)were prepared on a flat Ti substrate via two-step anodization and hydrothermal method sequentially.TiO_(2)NTAs...In this work,TiO_(2)nanotube arrays(NTAs)sensitized with MoS_(2)microspheres(MoS_(2)/TiO_(2)nanocomposites)were prepared on a flat Ti substrate via two-step anodization and hydrothermal method sequentially.TiO_(2)NTAs were composed of many orderly nanotubes,whose large specific surface area was favorable for light absorption and MoS_(2)microsphere adhesion.The MoS_(2)microsphere as a narrow band gap semiconductor extended the TiO_(2)NTAs’absorption band edge to the visible region.The 2D structure of MoS_(2)microspheres and the construction of heterojunction electronic field at the interface of MoS_(2)microspheres and TiO_(2)NTAs promoted the separation of photoinduced carriers.The MoS_(2)/TiO_(2)nanocomposites could provide higher photoelectrochemical cathodic protection for 304 stainless steel(304 SS)under visible light than pristine TiO_(2)NTAs.展开更多
Highly ordered Ag2 S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array film photoanodes were prepared on a Ti substrate for photocathodic cathodic protection.The results indicated that the photoresponse range of the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film w...Highly ordered Ag2 S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array film photoanodes were prepared on a Ti substrate for photocathodic cathodic protection.The results indicated that the photoresponse range of the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film was extended compared to those of the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films,indicating its higher light absorption capacity.When the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film served as a photoanode,the film can provide the best effective photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution under white light illumination compared to the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films.Additionally,in comparison to pure ZnO film,the photocurrent for the ZnS/ZnO film remained the same without noticeable fluctuation after illumination for 1 h,indicating that the ZnS functionalization improved the stability by overcoming the photocorrosion effect of the ZnO photoanode under light irradiation.展开更多
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFJQ0034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271073)+1 种基金the Education and Teaching Reform Program for Graduate Students of Sichuan Province(No.YJGXM24-C047)the Innovation Team Funds of China West Normal University(No.KCXTD2024-1).
文摘A novel and long-lasting N_(3)BD/TiO_(2) composite photoanode with stable and superior photoelectrochemical and photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)performances was achieved by synthesizing and depositing covalent organic framework(N_(3)BD)on titanium oxide(TiO_(2))nanotube arrays.The composite's increased visible light absorption capability enhanced the galvanic corrosion protection of nickel-phosphorus alloy-coated magnesium alloy(Mg/Ni)through PECCP technology.The open circuit potential(OCP)drops of the Mg/Ni electrode coupling with the N_(3)BD/TiO_(2) composite were 310 and 630 mV at dark state and under illumination,respectively.They remained relatively stable under intermittent visible light irradiation within 72 h,demonstrating excellent long-term stability.The superior photoelectrochemical and PECCP properties of the N_(3)BD/TiO_(2) are attributed to forming S-scheme heterojunctions,which effectively promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and retain a strong redox capacity.This finding provides new insight into the design and synthesis of COF-modified photoanode with highly efficient and stable photoelectrochemical and PECCP performances.
基金financially supported by the Henan Province Key R&D and Promotion Project(Technology Research)(NO.232102230011)the Fundamental Research Fund of Henan Academy of Sciences(NO.230618026)+1 种基金Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(NO.225200810120)High-level Talent Research Start-up Project Funding of Henan Academy of Sciences(NOs.231818022 and 232018001).
文摘Constructing a photoanode with both high dark-state protection performance and high stability remains a top priority for photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology,especially in a marine environment(dark-state or rainy conditions)without hole scavenging agents.In this work,we developed a class of energy-storage quasi-planar heterojunctions(WO_(3)-Nb_(2)O_(5)-ZnIn_(2)S_(4))with directional paths(low onset potential and well-matched energy band)and embedded morphology.The co-design of embedded and directional paths reduces the carrier transport energy barrier at the composite interface,and increases the interface contact area,thereby achieving highly stable and sensitive dark-state energy storage and photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution without hole scavenging agent(Dark-state energy storage efficiency increased by 43%.For carbon steel,the performance retention rate is 99.6%after 500 cycles,the performance retention rate is 89%after 5000 s).
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2023QD152)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42476212).
文摘Photogenerated electrons generated by photoexcitation of semiconductor materials can be transferred to metal materials to provide corrosion protection.Conversely,the accumulation of photogenerated holes accelerates the recombination of photogenerated carriers.Consequently,the development of efficient strategies for the consumption of photogenerated holes has emerged as a critical challenge in the field of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology.In this paper,TiO_(2)/TiOBr heterojunction photoelectrode was firstly prepared by simple hydrothermal method,and NiCo-LDH(layered double hydroxide)was further deposited on TiO_(2)/TiOBr to obtain TiO_(2)/TiOBr/NiCo-LDH photoelectrode.The construction of a heterojunction between TiO_(2)and TiOBr promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers,while the deposition of NiCo-LDH reduces the overpotential for hole oxidation.Hence,the photoinduced potential drop and photoinduced current density of TiO_(2)/TiOBr/NiCo-LDH photoelectrode coupled with 316 L stainless steel in 3.5 wt%NaCl under simulated sunlight irradiation can be up to 303 mV and 25.87μA/cm^(2),respectively.This study provides a new idea for the design and preparation of TiO_(2)-based photoelectrodes with excellent photocathodic protection under visible light.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(GrantNos.:3282025045,3282024008)“Science and Technology Project of the State ArchivesAdministration ofChina”(Grant No.:2025-Z-009).
文摘Person recognition in photo collections is a critical yet challenging task in computer vision.Previous studies have used social relationships within photo collections to address this issue.However,these methods often fail when performing single-person-in-photos recognition in photo collections,as they cannot rely on social connections for recognition.In this work,we discard social relationships and instead measure the relationships between photos to solve this problem.We designed a new model that includes a multi-parameter attention network for adaptively fusing visual features and a unified formula for measuring photo intimacy.This model effectively recognizes individuals in single photo within the collection.Due to outdated annotations and missing photos in the existing PIPA(Person in Photo Album)dataset,wemanually re-annotated it and added approximately ten thousand photos of Asian individuals to address the underrepresentation issue.Our results on the re-annotated PIPA dataset are superior to previous studies in most cases,and experiments on the supplemented dataset further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.We have made the PIPA dataset publicly available on Zenodo,with the DOI:10.5281/zenodo.12508096(accessed on 15 October 2025).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62301008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720272)New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality under Grant L243004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62403060.
文摘Protective hardware is essential for mitigating damage caused by unavoidable falls in humanoid robots.Despite notable progress in fall protection hardware,the theoretical foundation for modeling and the feasibility of conducting full-scale fall experiments on robots or their surrogates remain somewhat limited.This paper proposes a method for optimizing the thickness of Expandable Polyethylene(EPE),which is used as back protection for the Chubao humanoid robot,based on small-scale impact test data to predict full-scale behavior.The optimal thickness is defined as a balance between compact design and protective effectiveness.An equivalent impact model characterized by four parameters:contact area S,mass m,fall height h,and cushioning material thickness d is introduced to describe impact conditions.The relationship between the peak impact acceleration ap and material thickness d,which forms the core of the method and gives rise to the name AP-D,is analyzed through their plotted curves.After introducing three characteristic parameters and two correction fac-tors,the relationship among the aforementioned variables is derived.Subsequently,both the optimal thickness do and its corresponding peak impact acceleration aop are predicted via nonlinear and linear regression models.Finally,the accuracy and effectiveness of the theoretically derived optimal thickness are validated on both a dummy and the actual robot.With the cushioning material applied,the peak chest acceleration is reduced to 41.57g for the dummy and 32.08g for the robot.
基金the“Convergence and Open sharing System”Project,supported by the Ministry of Education and National Research Foundation of Korea.
文摘There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology continues to scale down,the bit-flip errors in the memory of edge devices become more frequent,thereby leading to substantial DNN inference accuracy loss.Though several techniques have been proposed to alleviate the accuracy loss in edge environments,they require complex computations and additional parity bits for error correction,thus resulting in significant performance and storage overheads.In this paper,we propose FeatherGuard,a data-driven lightweight error protection scheme for DNN inference on edge devices.FeatherGuard selectively protects critical bit positions(that have a significant impact on DNN inference accuracy)against bit-flip errors,by considering various DNN characteristics(e.g.,data format,layer-wise weight distribution,actually stored logical values).Thus,it achieves high error tolerability during DNN inference.Since FeatherGuard reduces the bit-flip errors based on only a few simple arithmetic operations(e.g.,NOT operations)without parity bits,it causes negligible performance overhead and no storage overhead.Our experimental results show that FeatherGuard improves the error tolerability by up to 6667×and 4000×,compared to the conventional systems and the state-of-the-art error protection technique for edge environments,respectively.
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.
文摘In recent years bird hunting has become a topical issue in public debate in Poland.Some organizations and communities actively engaged in nature conservation efforts propose a complete ban on hunting,arguing it needs to be introduced for ethical reasons and to ensure a more effective species protection.This discussion frequently involves cases when hunters break the law,illustrated by photographs published on social media,documenting culling of legally protected species.In response hunters mention the need to verify the sources and the context for published materials.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFA1209801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12302140,12325204)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732794)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.sxzy012023213)the Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023JC-XJ-02)the Young Talent Support Program of Xi'an Science and Technology Association(Grant No.959202413069)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20230575)。
文摘Hypervelocity rocket sled systems are critical for testing advanced military technologies,yet track damage at speeds exceeding Mach 5 remains a significant challenge for system reliability and performance.In this study,we investigated the hypervelocity impact response and protection for highstrength U71 Mn or bainitic steel used in rocket sled tracks.Flyer plate impact experiments using a two-stage light-gas gun were conducted to study the hypervelocity collision response,followed by the microstructural characterization via optical microscope,scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction to reveal underlying damage mechanisms.Then,the calibrated thermalmechanical coupled finite element simulations using the Johnson-Cook constitutive model and MieGrüneisen equation of state were carried out.Results indicated that bainitic steel exhibits superior impact resistance with predominantly smooth scratch-dominated damage due to its higher ductility.In contrast,U71 Mn suffered significant material spallation and crack propagation arising from brittle fracture mechanisms.Zinc-rich epoxy primer coatings effectively mitigated stress concentration and temperature rise in the substrate at impacting velocities below 2.4 km/s,so as to suppress the microstructural damage such as adiabatic shear bands and dynamic recrystallization.However,coating protection diminished at ultra-high-speed impacts due to the coating failure.Dimensional analysis established quantitative relationships of the gouge damage size to projectile mass,impact velocity,and material yield strength.This study provides in-depth insights into damage mechanisms in hypervelocity rail systems,demonstrating that bainitic steel combined with protective coatings can significantly enhance impact resistance and system reliability,offering valuable guidance for the design and optimization of hypervelocity testing platforms.
基金Project(52373065)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2220004002898)supported by the Zhuhai Industry University Research Cooperation and Basic and Applied Research Projects,China。
文摘Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrates.In these coatings,a reactive emulsifier containing phosphate groups can be integrated into the molecular chain during polymerization,which enhances the coating's compactness and corrosion resistance.This work focuses on the synthesis of styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BA)latex and methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate(MMA-BA)latex using the reactive phosphate emulsifier ANPEO_(10)-P_(1) through seed emulsion polymerization,achieving a conversion rate of approximately 99%and a solid content close to 50%.The resulting coatings from St-BA and MMA-BA latexes demonstrated long-term corrosion protection for carbon steel and aluminum alloy due to in-situ phosphatization,effectively preventing flash rust.Notably,the MMA-BA coating exhibited remarkable durability,enduring immersion for up to 1224 h(51 d)on Q 235 carbon steel before reaching the failure threshold(|Z|0.01 Hz£106Ω·cm^(2))on Q 235 carbon steel.On 5052 aluminum alloy,the St-BA coating maintained|Z|0.01 Hz>10^(8)Ω·cm^(2) for 480 h(20 d).Furthermore,the corrosion resistance of St-BA and MMA BA coatings on Q 235 steel sheet and 5052 aluminum alloy surpassed that of commercially available MMA-BA and St BA coatings after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl aqueous solution.This work also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of MMA-BA and St-BA coatings.
文摘In this study,artificial neural networks(ANNs)were implemented to determine design parameters for an impressed current cathodic protection(ICCP)prototype.An ASTM A36 steel plate was tested in 3.5%NaCl solution,seawater,and NS4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to monitor the evolution of the substrate surface,which affects the current required to reach the protection potential(Eprot).Experimental data were collected as training datasets and analyzed using statistical methods,including box plots and correlation matrices.Subsequently,ANNs were applied to predict the current demand at different exposure times,enabling the estimation of electrochemical parameters(limiting voltage values)that can be used to optimize a self-regulating ICCP system.The obtained electrochemical parameters were then used,through Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),to fine-tune an ANN-based proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller for the ICCP system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41506093)
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC) cathodic protection is considered as an environment friendly method for metals anticorrosion. In this technology, a n-type semiconductor photoanode provides the photogenerated electrons for metal to achieve cathodic protection. Comparing with traditional PEC photoanode for water splitting, it requires the photoanode providing a suitable cathodic potential for the metal, instead of pursuit ultimate photon to electric conversion efficiency, thus it is a more possible PEC technology for engineering application. To date, great efforts have been devoted to developing novel n-type semiconductors and advanced modification method to improve the performance on PEC cathodic protection metals. Herein, recent progresses in this field are summarized. We highlight the fabrication process of PEC cathodic protection thin film, various nanostructure controlling, doping, compositing methods and their operation mechanism. Finally, the current challenges and future potential works on improving the PEC cathodic protection performance are discussed.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260189)
文摘This study aims to investigate the protective roles of photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidative systems in the desiccation tolerance of Sophora moorcroftiana and Caragana maximovicziana as they adapt to arid environments. A variety of physiological and biochemical parameters in the leaves of two Leguminosae species were monitored for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d of drought stress. Soil water content decreased from 38.58% to 7.33% after exposure to 28 d of water stress. The photosynthetic carbon-assimilation rates of the two Leguminosae plants decreased for non-stomatal limitation with processing water stress. The malondialdehyde content and cell membrane relative conductivity of the two species increased significantly from 1 to 21 d and then decreased. S. moorcroftiana showed higher superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities than C. maximovicziana during the 28 d treatment period. However, the catalase activities and proline content of C. maximovicziana were higher than those of S. moorcroftiana before the water stress treatment reached 21 d. Nine physiological and biochemical parameters were selected to comprehensively evaluate the two species＇ drought-resistance by the membership function values（MFV）. The mean MFV indicated that S. moorcroftiana has a relatively stronger drought defense capability than C. maximovicziana. S. moorcroftiana mainly uses carbon-assimilation rate and osmotic adjustment to combat water deficiency.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51622106 and 51871049)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.160708001).
文摘A layer of graphene(GR)particles was successfully deposited at the interface between Co(OH)2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes,aiming to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of the large-bandgap semiconductor TiO2.The obtained Co(OH)2/GR/TiO2 was extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV–vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra.Electrochemical impedance spectra,photogenerated potential-time(E-t),photocurrent density-time(i-t)and i-E curves and open circuit potential(OCP)curves were measured to investigate the photoelectrochemical activities and photogenerated cathodic protection properties.The results revealed that Co(OH)2/GR/TiO2 exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical and photogenerated cathodic performance due to synergistic effect between Co(OH)2 and graphene.Co(OH)2 and graphene co-modified TiO2 photoanode could provide an effective protection for 304 stainless steel(304 SS)in 3.5 wt%Na Cl solution for 12 h,which would be promising for future practical applications in the field of marine corrosion protection.
基金the CAS Strategic Priority Project(No.XDA13040404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Exploring Key Scientific Instrument(No.41827805)the Shandong Key Laboratory of Corrosion Science。
文摘Corrosion protection has become an important issue as the amount of infrastructure construction in marine environment increased.Photocathodic protection is a promising method to reduce the corrosion of metals,and titanium dioxide(TiO2) is the most widely used photoanode.This review summarizes the progress in TiO2 photo gene rated protection in recent years.Different types of semiconductors,including sulfides,metals,metal oxide s,polymers,and other materials,are used to design and modify TiO2.The strategy to dramatically improve the efficiency of photoactivity is proposed,and the mechanism is investigated in detail.Characterization methods are also introduced,including morphology testing,light absorption,photoelectrochemistry,and protected metal observation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Ti02 development and guide photocathodic protection.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2021ZYD0049)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ30543)+2 种基金Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(No.SKLPEE-KF201811),Fuzhou UniversityOpen Project of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(No.CSPC202004)the Funda-mental Research Funds of CWNU(No.CXTD2020-1).C.J.Zhong ac-knowledges the support from the National Science Foundation(No.CHE 2102482).Support from the high-level full-time talents pro-gram of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital(No.KY012021462)is also acknowledged.
文摘The utilization of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection(PECCP)enables an indirect corrosion pro-tection of metals with low self-corrosion potential by introducing a metallic nickel interlayer.However,the ability to enhance the PECCP efficiency remains challenging because of the inherent property of the semiconductor.Herein,this ability is demonstrated by coupling a covalent organic framework(TpBD)dec-orated TiO 2 photoanode(TiO 2/TpBD)with nickel coating on magnesium alloy for an effective corrosion protection.The composite photoanode showed direct PECCP for the nickel interlayer and indirect corro-sion protection of the magnesium alloy.The composite structure of the nanotube array and the covalent organic framework for the photoanode were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The en-hanced photoelectrochemical conversion capability and PECCP performance of the nickel-coated Mg alloy were evidenced by the results from electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurements including Mott-Schottky curves,photoinduced potential variations,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Lastly,a corrosion protection mechanism is proposed,where the enhanced PECCP efficiency is at-tributed to the formation of a direct Z-scheme heterojunction,which is substantiated by the results from valence band(VB)XPS and electron spin resonance characterizations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41827805)Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.2019-XZ-21)。
文摘In this work,TiO_(2)nanotube arrays(NTAs)sensitized with MoS_(2)microspheres(MoS_(2)/TiO_(2)nanocomposites)were prepared on a flat Ti substrate via two-step anodization and hydrothermal method sequentially.TiO_(2)NTAs were composed of many orderly nanotubes,whose large specific surface area was favorable for light absorption and MoS_(2)microsphere adhesion.The MoS_(2)microsphere as a narrow band gap semiconductor extended the TiO_(2)NTAs’absorption band edge to the visible region.The 2D structure of MoS_(2)microspheres and the construction of heterojunction electronic field at the interface of MoS_(2)microspheres and TiO_(2)NTAs promoted the separation of photoinduced carriers.The MoS_(2)/TiO_(2)nanocomposites could provide higher photoelectrochemical cathodic protection for 304 stainless steel(304 SS)under visible light than pristine TiO_(2)NTAs.
基金This work was supported financially by the Funding from the Taishan Scholarship of Climbing Plan(No.tspd20161006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51772176)the Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents(No.2017RCJJ018).
文摘Highly ordered Ag2 S/ZnS/ZnO nanorod array film photoanodes were prepared on a Ti substrate for photocathodic cathodic protection.The results indicated that the photoresponse range of the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film was extended compared to those of the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films,indicating its higher light absorption capacity.When the Ag2S/ZnS/ZnO composite film served as a photoanode,the film can provide the best effective photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution under white light illumination compared to the ZnO and ZnS/ZnO films.Additionally,in comparison to pure ZnO film,the photocurrent for the ZnS/ZnO film remained the same without noticeable fluctuation after illumination for 1 h,indicating that the ZnS functionalization improved the stability by overcoming the photocorrosion effect of the ZnO photoanode under light irradiation.
